Pacific Islands Monthly - 1 January 1960

Islands

Monthly

January, 1960

Vol. XXX. No. 6

l>shed 1930

■ered at the G.P.0., Sydney, nsmist> lon Tyy post as a newspaper]

This photograph graphically depicts the trail of destruction left at Vila in the New Hebrides, after a hurricane had struck in December. About 30 per cent. of homes were destroyed or damaged. Aid, in the form of men and supplies, is now being given by several Pacific territories, including Australia. In the har bour is the French frigate "La Confiance", which raced in with supplies and later itself to leave for repairs.

Photo: Australia Consolidated Press.

our P-NG Territorians were in lied in the Queen’s New Year aours list. Mr. Bob Bunting,

IC, prominent businessman and

sident of the P-NG Branch of urned Soldiers’ League, and Mr.

E Macinnes, Director of Lands ;e 1952, were honoured with the E British Empire Medals were ferred on Mr. W. Berlin, who been in the Commonwealth De tment of Works in P-NG, either Assistant Superintendent or jerintendent of Stores since 1939; I to Mr. A. D. McDonald, CDW jervisor at Rabaul, not only for Department of Works record also for his part in the Mt. nington eruption in 1951.

All races shared in Fiji’s New *ar’s Honours. Dr. Charles H. urd, phys i c i a n-specialist and edical Superintendent at the

Sydney in early January were Mr. and Mrs. [?]nk Johnson, down from New Guinea, on [?]ir honeymoon. The bride was the former [?]s Lois Niall, only child of the Morobe [?]trict Commissioner, Mr. H. R. Niall, and [?]s. Niall, of Lae. They will return late this [?]nth to Finschhafen where Mr. Johnson is [?]h the Department of Education. This photo graph was taken at their wedding.

Photo: O. Brabant.

olonial War Memorial Hospital, uva, received the OBE. To mark ii s retirement as Government winter on December 31, after 25 sars in the Fiji Government Print ig Department, Mr. Alfred Elphick ►ceived the MBE. Joni Misikini, a Ijian Magistrate, with 30 years of yal service, also received the MBE.

ssistant Superintendent Lai Singh,

i pre-retirement leave, after 31 sars in the Fiji Police Force re jived the Colonial Police Medal.

Two names of Islands interest in le Australian Honours announced n January 1 were: Knight achelor to Professor Edward Ford, ead of the School of Public Health topical Medicine, Sydney Uni ersity, and OBE to Mr. J. R. [alligan, who retired in November fter many years’ service in con ection with Australian Pacific territories and as Australia’s Senior ommissioner on the South Pacific ommission.

[?] r. and Mrs. A. E. Walker recently left Sydney [?] r Rabaul on their first trip to the Islands [?] spend a short time with their son, Norman, [?] o has been teaching for the last two years.

[?] arried at the Lutheran Church, Lae, Miss [?]atherine Galiatsatou, a Greek girl who had [?]een in Australia only a month and knew little English, to Mr. George Malanof, of Lae Club.

Photo: O. Brabant.

in the Solomon Islands, Mr.

Idemar Jens Andersen, Secretary Protectorate Affairs, was raised m MBE to OBE in the New Year nours.

Jr. and Mrs. T. W. Canter ischer arrived at Mangaia Island, ok Group, in December, where . Canter-Visscher has been jointed Agricultural Extension icer. A Dutchman, he held a dlar post in Tonga.

)r. Rene Catala, who established i Noumea aquarium, succeeded in cember in successfully transport : specimens of fluorescent coral m New Caledonia to the big vers aquarium, Belgium. Many empts have been made to achieve s, but without success. However, . Catala made special prepara ns and the colourful specimens > ich left Noumea by plane in De nber were delivered alive in rope a few days later.

Vlr. Jim Leahy, Goroka, New xinea, “coffee baron”, was visit l New Zealand in December, nned in a corner he told a news per man that he harvested his st 20 tons of coffee in 1953, and Is year he expected a record rvest, which might gross £5OO per i. 3e said that in 1948, after 19 years

[?]B. W. Booth, of Rotorua, NZ, was bound [?]Tonga in the December "Matua" to take [?] a position as assistant mechanical engineer with the Government.

[?]and Mrs. N. R. Robinson, with Denise and [?]nt, were bound from Auckland to Fiji in [?]ember, where Mr. Robinson was paying a [?]iness visit on behalf of NZ Forest Products, Ltd.

of gathering gold from the grounc he saw that there was going to b more and easier gold to be picke from coffee shrubs, so he switche over, and things turned out just lik he’d guesed.

Mr. G. Lock, a South Africa] expert on sisal growing, visited th NG Highlands and other areas ii the Territory in December to stud; the possibility of introducing th crop in P-NG on a paying basis He was for 25 years sisal researcl officer in Tanganyika.

Mr. Alan Lennox-Boyd, who waj Britain’s Colonial Secretary befon the October elections arrived in Suv£ on January 12, on the first stage

Married in the Paton Memorial Church, Po[?] Vila, recently, were Miss Rosemary McFarlan[?] of Suva, and Mr. Peter Erbsleben, of Hambur[?] Germany. They met in Suva, and are now living in Vila where Mr. Erbsleben is with Wn[?] Breckwoldt and Co.

Photo: Fung Kue[?]

Mr. D. E. Carson, a native labour officer with the Department of Civil Aviation since 1951, returned to Port Moresby in the "Bulolo" re cently after a leave in Sydney.

a Pacific tour, with Lady iricia Lennox-Boyd, Mr. Lennox rd, who is still Conservative MP Mid-Bedfordshire, was made imember of the Companions Honour before he left the UK. 5 two-months’ tour is in a pri e capacity—he recently became naging director of Guinness Son Uo., the large UK brewers. The /spapers have made much of the t that his great-uncle, Aus ian-born Ben Boyd, who founded rdtown, on Twofold Bay, NSW, ; killed by natives in October, 1, in the Solomon Islands, when went ashore from the Wanderer, I that Mr. Lennox-Boyd “was ag to find out what happened to i”.

Ir. Jack Thurston, well known v Guinea shipping and plantation n, was in New Zealand in Jan y “looking at ships”.

Jiss Norma Journeaux, a World alth Organisation nurse-educator, ived in the Solomons recently to ;e charge of nurses training at atral Hospital, Honiara. She is

[?] ecent visitor to a meeting of the Polynesian [?] ciation of Sydney—Mr. Leslie Harmon, of Fiji. —Tele-Photo.

[?] land residents Misses Josephine and Freda [?] paid a holiday visit to their home island [?] polu, West Samoa, in December, travelling in the "Matua".

working under a plan agn to by the BSIP Governme: the WHO and UNICEF. Appro mately $5,000 will be supplied UNICEF to purchase textboc medical instruments, charts, 2 filmstrips as well as bicycles am Landrover. The programme, cov ing three years, will train nurses maternity and child welfare wc

Mr. Arthur Affleck took up post of Regional Director of C Aviation for Papua-New Guinea 1 month. He is no stranger to ' Territory, though—he was a p: with Pacific Air Transport Co.

NG in 1932-33, then returned Queensland to grow tobacco; wi back to NG to evacuate women s children by air in 1941, when ■ Japs were coming southwards; fl with the RAAF in the Pacific w then, in peacetime, led a party tl surveyed P-NG air facilities and s vices, in 1947. His job for the p 11 years has been Superintendent Flying Operations for the Depa ment of Civil Aviation in NSW.

Among the travellers in the December "Ma[?] from Auckland: Miss V. A. Parton of Ch[?] church, and Miss J. H. Petterson of Ne[?] (front) were having their first look at [?] Islands, and Mrs. S. Sene (right) was return home to Apia. They were farewelled in A[?] land by Mr. Edward Lio (left), and Mr.

Galo, both formerly of W. Samoa but resident in Auckland.

Another recent Port Moresby wedding — [?] Anne Morris to Mr. David Adams, at the Ro [?] Catholic Church. Mr. Adams is a member [?] well-known Port Moresby family. —Papuan Pri[?]

udge R. V. Kay, completing his icnd term as Chief Judge in the :ok Islands, returned to Auckland December with Mrs. Kay. His scessor had not been announced to early January.

Mr. Douglas C. Berry, chief survey aughtsman in the Cook Is. for a imber of years, will transfer to a nilar position at Auckland in arch. Mr. Ron L. Carrad, of ipier, has succeeded him at Raro nga. * * * Two important Qantas jobs in the lands were filled by new executives December—Mr. W. R. (“Nobby’) ,arke, QEA representative at Suva, inded over to Mr. Mervyn J. R. iwton, from Melbourne, and re irned to Australia with his family; id Mr. Ken Wightman, of Lae, oved across to Port Moresby as anager of the branch office there.

Mr. R. H. Morgan, supervisor of Luckland Zoo, has taken a Govern cient job at Tulagi, British Solomon stands. He plans to collect fauna ,nd fish life in his spare time for iverseas zoos.

[?]s Ania Fatu, and Miss Tauesi Paga, now Auckland, recently returned to Western Samoa on holidays.

Fiji visitors who met at the Polynesian Asso ciation's Christmas party in Sydney—Mary Hoi and Assistant Medical Officer Ban Lomaloma. —Tele-Photo.

PEOPLE: Personal Para graphs Of Islands’ Interest 5 London Report: Burns Com mission Hasn’t Been Shackled By Tradition .. 17 Fiji Strike Personalities, Mohammed Tora and James Anthony 18 Season’s First Hurricane Devastates Vila 19 Will There Be A-Bombs In The French Pacific? ... 20 Wallis And Futuna Say “Yes”

At Referendum 20 West Samoa Will Have Its Draft Constitution Soon .. 20 Anger In New Caledonia Over Cancellation Of Air Services 20 The South Pacific’s Biggest Salvage Job Ends 21 Death of Cdr. R. B. M. Long 21 Sydneysider’s WALKABOUT 22 Mr. Hasluck’s New Guinea Tour: Criticism Of Rumour Mongering 23 Magic Relics In The Sepik .. 23 Dutch New Guinea and Papua-New Guinea Will Meet At Hollandia Confer ence In March 23

Commentary: A Look

At Pacific And World Affairs 25 The Editors’ Mailbag 27 L. G. Usher Reviews The Deeper Issues Of The Fiji Riots 29 David P. Ragg Says: “The Fijians Must Learn Co operation” 31

Territories Talk-Talk

With Tolala 33 Pacific Air Transport Faces A Vital Period 41

New Caledonia Confident On 1960 Nickel : 47 A Visit To Lihir Island ... 47 Background Story To Geo thermal Steam 49 The War’s Over, But Has It Ended? 53 West Samoa Battles The Home Brewer 55 Wau Puts On A Real Country Show 57 The South Pacific Will Be Part Of Project Mercury 61 Second Part Of Mr. G. T.

Roscoe’s Address On P-NG Education 65 Education In The Cooks .. 71 A Fiji Tourist Story: The 00-La-La! 73

Magazine Section:

Tropicalities, 77; Crossquiz, 78; Prettiest Girls In The Islands, 79; The Pants Economy Of Easter Island, 80; Do You Remember? 82; Sir Hubert Murray, 82; Bre"t Hilder’s Profile, 83; Book Reviews 84 The Month’s News Of Ships And Yachts 97

Pacific Report: Round

Up Of Pacific News and Pictures (Index p. 21) .. 113 OBITUARIES: Mr. Guiseppe Zavattaro; Rev. Tom Dent; Mr. Jim Hoile; Captain Julius Lundin; Commander R. B. Long, Mr. Paul Vois 145 Sports Review 147 Shipping And Airways Time- Tables 149 Commerce And Produce .. 157

Burns Commission 'Hasn't Been Shackled By Tradition'

From R. W. Robson LONDON, January 2.

Fiji history definitely will be made when the Burns Com mission’s report is released, shortly, by the Governor of Fiji.

I spent a couple of hours this week with Sir Alan Burns and, although of course I was given no indication of the Commis sion’s findings, I got the impression that the job has been done in a most thorough, conscientious and realistic way.

1 THINK it will be found that the three experienced, highly-skilled men who made that inquiry in Fiji in the last half of 1959 have refused to be shackled by ancient

viewpoints and sacred traditions; and have dealt with the facts as they exist today.

In so many words, the Burns Commission was asked to advise the Fiji Government on the steps to be taken to allow the rapidly growing population to feed itself, and enjoy the highest standard of living commensurate with the resources of the country. The Commissioners have tried to do just that.

When the Deed of Cession was signed, in 1874, there was no dominant industry—as sugar is today—and there was not one Indian in the archipelago. Today, the Colony’s economy revolves around sugar; and the 185,000 Indians outnumber the Fijians by at least 20,000.

"Completely Realistic"

It may be expected that the recommendations of a completely realistic Burns Commission will try to fit today’s inescapable social and economic facts (not enough avail able land and not enough estab lished industries to adequately support the growing population) to political conditions that are based rather too much upon sentiment and tradition. (Over)

The crowds in these pictures are running from police smoke bombs in Suva. They were taken in the Rodwell Road area on the first day of the December riots. Below left, union leader James Anthony gives directions to striking oil workers inside a Suva oil installation. More pictures on pages 130-131. Photos top and bottom: D. L. Low.

In my opinion, the Burns Com mission will find that most of the governmental conditions based on the Deed of Cession are due for overhaul.

The Commissioners, I think, will acknowledge that the establish ment of a large and healthy Indian community in Fiji was in some ways unfortunate. But that has nothing to do with the present generation of Fijians, Europeans and Indians. Those communities must accept facts as they are.

Expert View of Riots

Sir Alan was deeply interested in the “December riots” in Suva, and he took away with him, for closer study, the considerable quantity of newspaper cuttings on the subject which had just reached me by mail.

But he ridiculed the persistent newspaper suggestion that this disturbance was anything more than a superficial froth, and that there was real evidence of an anti- European feeling.

He rather accepted the view that these disturbances were the inevit able outcome of an economy that

is out of gear—too many people for the country’s available resources, causing unemployment, poverty and discontent.

I think the Commission will urge that no time be lost in attacking the underlying causes of this dis content, and that the Government, m taking new, urgent measures, should seek the co-operation of the leaders of all classes and all races —and especially the heads of the Australian corporations, which have such large interests in Fiji.

I should not be surprised if the commission recommended the in troduction of a Development Officer, riin • i tat o S equal to that of Colonial Secretary or Financial Secretary, to directly assist the V UP°i r enormously

aheadlt lies immediately

I expect that Sir Alan Burns— S?? 11316 - 6 realist in these matters P V S n }. uch attention to technical education.

All the resources which the Government can command will be to conditions to encourage new industries; and I think Sir Alan will insist that immediate steps be takeS to trafn

(Continued on page 143)

technicians for the staffing of such industries.

I was impressed by the fact that Sir Alan, in conversation, warmly praised the achievements of the Colonial Sugar Refining Company, in co-operating with Fiji’s Depart ment of Education in encouraging new techniques in agriculture and animal husbandry.

British Governmental Connection I did not get the impression that the Report will urge any marked changes in the governmental system. I think the Commissioners probably are afraid of the complications inherent in racial distinctions and common rolls.

Probably—for the present, any way—the Colony will be urged to carry on with the present form of government, leaving to an ex ceptionally strong and experienced man, in the person of the Governor (if such can be found, of course!) the job of getting the real co operation of the racial leaders and the corporation heads in the heavy task of shaping a socio-economic road along which Fiji may travel in security and reasonable content ment.

For a full report of what happened during the Suva riots see also Commentary, p. 25, "Mob Rule Was Only a Minor Part", p. 29; "To morrow's Fiji Will Be For Every body", p. 31; and stories and pic tures beginning on p. 129 of Pacific Report.

Mohammed Tora

Mohammed Tora is in the late twenties. He is a Fijian, and unmarried. He is the president and organiser of the Wholesale and Retail General Workers 4 Union in NW Viti Levu and a leader of the December strike.

Through reading the Koran as a young man, he developed an interest in the Muslim faith.

This interest was strengthened by contacts made while he was serving in Malaya with the Fiji Infantry Regiment against the Communist terrorists. He re nounced Christianity, became a Muslim, and adopted the name of Mohammed.

In Malaya, he also developed an interest in, and sympathy for, the terrorists against whom he was fighting.

On his return to Fiji, he entered the Government service, which he left about two years ago with a sense of deep griev ance, the result of what he be lieved to be injustice in the manner of his dismissal and in events leading up to it. His an tagonism to the Government of Fiji has since grown.

Unlike James Anthony, whose public statements urge the main tenance of peace and order in in dustrial disputes, Tora believes that before the workers of Fiji can progress violence is inevit able.

He has developed a strong sense of mission and sees himself as a man of destiny. His model is Fidel Castro, on whom he is in creasingly modelling himself in appearance. His picture is below.

The 25-year-old James Anthony was born in Fiji of Indian parent age. He is married and has a family of two, with another ex pected shortly.

He moved into the trade union movement when he became dis satisfied with the wages he re ceived, over the years, from firms at Lautoka and Suva.

He tried first to form a general workers’ union, but this is con trary to Fiji law, and he eventu ally formed the Wholesale and Retail General Workers’ Union, membership of which is confined to workers in the distributive trades.

For over a year he has been whole-time secretary of this union. He allegedly has close contacts with Australian milit ant labour leaders, and receives guidance and advice from them.

He vehemently denies that he is a Communist, quoting in proof the fact that he is a devout Roman Catholic.

In labour matters, he is a dif ficult negotiator, as he has, especially in recent months, de veloped a “take-it-or-leave-it” attitude. He signed the arbitra tion agreement which ended the oil workers strike only, he said, because of extreme pressure by other officials of the union.

He has been much flattered by the attention attracted over seas by the Suva rioting and the oil workers 1 ’ strike, photos: Prasads.

James Anthony

Devastates Vila

Two hurricanes within four days of one another devastated Vila, capital of the New Hebrides Condominium and caused heavy damage in other parts of that Group in December- January, and caused lesser damage in Fiji. Winds reached 150 mph.

(HE first hurricane formed about midway between New Caledonia and the southern Solomons 11 clear of land. At 6 p.m. on cember 27 it was described as rere and stationary at that point.

Ct then began to move off to the st-south-east and 24 hours later >ssed Efate Island on which Vila located, causing great destruction houses, commercial buildings, d plantations, rhe hurricane, it was predicted, iuld strike Viti Levu in Fiji, but >tead by 6 a.m. on December 30, was due south of Kadavu Island lere winds of up to 85 mph were jorded, but apparently no serious mage was caused.

On to Tonga Near Nadi, however, one Fijian lie was killed and seven people jured at Yako village when a iall tornado associated with the sturbed weather conditions molished eight Fijian houses ittering portions of them and eir contents over several square ties.

The passage of the low pressure ne associated with the hurricane so caused exceptionally high tides Fiji, where roads were flooded id washouts occurred round the ast of Viti Levu.

The hurricane continued to move the same direction and passed

south of Tongatapu, into open ocean.

Most notable feature of this hurricane was its speed of move ment, which seems to have averaged 25 knots or better. South Pacific hurricanes more often move at from 10 to 20 knots.

The second hurricane four days later followed almost the identical track of the first across the New Hebrides but kept more to the south of Fiji. It expended itself east of the Kermadecs.

About 90 per cent, of Vila’s build ings were damaged or destroyed— and about 1,500 people were made homeless. Most damage was in the first hurricane. Half Vila’s buildings lost their roofs.

Tidal waves swept across Vila’s main street, smashing into buildings, causing damage that the wind had missed. The footrail was the only part of a hotel left standing.

The French hospital was un roofed but the British hospital escaped damage. About £30,000 worth of damage was done to Burns Philp installations alone.

In addition to the land damage caused by the two storms, three small vessels were reported wrecked in the New Hebrides, and consider able damage was caused to furniture in the Matson liner Monterey which was near Kadavu when the first hurricane passed. The Dutch

liner Oranje, on an Islands cruise and bound from Nukualofa to Suva, also received a pounding but suffered little damage.

Help at Vila As soon as word of the damage at Vila was received in Noumea from the French Administration in the New Hebrides, the naval vessel La Confiance was despatched with medical supplies, Army troops, and other aid. The ship was later dam aged when it grazed a coral head and left for Sydney.

A French military Lancaster patrol plane was also despatched and was employed in reconnaisance of outer islands, parachute drops to certain isolated communities, and communications duties. The airfield near Vila was usable.

A RNZAF Sunderland left Suva with building materials and elec trical and radio equipment, and with a party of Public Works De partment carpenters and electricians aboard to help with the rebuilding at Vila.

About 70 Australian army en gineers were recalled from Christmas leave and flown, with equipment, by Hercules transports from Sydney to help the stricken town.

The French High Commissioner in the Pacific, Mr. L. Pechoux, flew to Vila to organise relief measures.

The scene of desolation on Vila waterfront after the December hurricane. Huge waves pounded the sea wall.

Photo: Australian Consolidated Press.

SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 6.—lt will be some months before the House Committee on Interior and Insular affairs makes its report on the find ings about the future of American Samoa, congressmen Wayne Aspinall has told PIM.

Talk of a Base in New Caledonia A-Bombs For The French Pacific?

A Noumea political news

sheet, Avenir Caledonien, has

reported that there is consider able talk in political circles about the creation of an atomic base in New Caledonia. r[E article says it is quite possible that France can hold atomic tests in its South Pacific Territories.

It says that the referendum held in December on the future of the Wallis and Futuna Islands could be connected with the rumours of a possible atomic base.

The article also mentions a projected dispatch of some 7,000 troops to New Caledonia.

PlM’s Noumea correspondent says that the director of the newsheet is the Deputy for New Caledonia.

Mr. Maurice Lenormand and that “he should know what he is publishing”.

The correspondent adds, however, that the rumour about a large body of troops arriving in New Caledonia has been on and off for some years, and there would be great surprise if there were any foundation in it. New Caledonia could not house that number of troops at present.

Meanwhile the French Navy has announced that it is now illegal to photograph installations at its base at Point Chaleix, in Noumea Harbour, and also any navy air installations on the Tontouta Air port.

Draft Soon

, , TT * „ The dra °f West Samoa’s consti tution should he ready soon.

T>ROFESSOR J. W. Davidson.

Y Versity ’ Canberra said th“ln Syd ney in January before leaving for gamoa to attend a meeting of the Workm g Committee on Self Gov ernment. Professor Davidson is adviser to the committee. He expects to be in Samoa until March.

He is hopeful that besides working out the draft of the Constitution, the committee might also produce at T , rea^ y Friend ship Wlth New Zealand “ Most of our problems have been overcome. I don’t foresee any in surmountable ones coming up in these final moves towards independ ence,” said Professor Davidson.

Prof. J. W. Davidson.

in ££ e emb£ IV Zf% a , nd Futuna Islan <*. at a referendum French territories fnstead 0> isto ” ds

oFvoted-4M0 F voted-4M7 iS o e f re t d h^ ot f‘ S ' . 4 ' 576 f’^ 07 I tb ! m for . yes”, Win be held%a o ter a general assembly main islands ) will *2 deal for the people a neW Their Government he said w*,* almost entirely directed bv’ The

Boman CathoL

lslan t ers were P Producing noth mg of value apart from some noor Many of islandere cannot Jac^ues SousteUe, Minister in charge £ f ° Territories. The Islands 2^ e Pvf en by the French oS h the middle of th e last century, aSS^o^ea. Pre " nt C ° ntr ° lled

Late News. As Pim Went

press, Russia had just annoum it would shortly test fire a n rocket from Russia into a Paci target area mid-way between t Hawaiian and Gilbert Islands. £ “US Missile Project,” p. 61.

Anger in N. Caledonia Noumea-Sydney Air Services Cancelled

From a Noumea Correspondent Consternation was can:

here in mid-December at

announcement that Qantas s

vices between New Caledo

and Sydney would cease al

December 31, because of

breakdown in French-Austral

aviation talks.

PEOPLE who have contempla holidaying in Sydney have 1 their plans dashed; IS Hebridean children now holiday from school will find it hard to back to school again.

Before the last jam-packed ph had pulled out travel agents 1 booked other Australian-bound p sengers by TAI services to Nadi Auckland, connecting with Austral bound aircraft there—a night to spent in either of these places ' fore connections are made. Cost this trip is at least double that the direct fare.

Qantas has plenty of sympai and many friends in New Caledo: but as decisions are made in Pe the sympathy is not likely to be much help.

Nevertheless, the local Pr seems to be building up an ar Australian campaign on the question.

Why Not Status Quo?

The man in the street cannot why the status quo could not lu been maintained pending furtl negotiations, but as it is, N Caledonia has been set back 20 ye: in her communications with Ai tralia.

Nothing has been done for 1 future, although the Terrih Assembly has approved a suggest] by Mr. Lenormand that N Caledonia form a company a charter aircraft for its own serv between Noumea and Sydney. It v possible under present internatio] regulations, he said.

See “Air Transport Faces Vital Perio page 41.

The Japanese Pull Out South Pacific’s Biggest Salvage Job Ends

From a Rabaul Correspondent The biggest shipping salvage project ever carried out south of the Equator concluded early in December when a team of Japanese divers and technicians and their four ships broke camp in Bougainville.

lOR three years the men had been clearing war-time wrecked ship ping from the shores of New itain and Bougainville, rheir first camp was established the shores of Simpson Harbour, ,baul, in January, 1957, but for 3 past few years the operation d been based at Bougainville, rhe men and ships revisited ,baul on their way home after making camp. The ships included 3 4,000-ton salvage mother ship itose Maru, a big floating crane, divers’ tender vessel and a sea ing tug. rhe crane and the two smaller >sels were left in Rabaul, where ey will be picked up during 1960 ten another salvage team attacks project in the British Solomon ands.

Diverted to Rescue Leaving a skeleton crew at ibaul to care for the crane and o smaller vessels, Chitose Maru d planned to begin the homeward irney to Japan early in December. 3he was diverted to Helen Reef, the West Carolines, however, tere a modern 7,000-ton Japanese sighter, Nagasaki Maru had gone round. Latest reports indicate it heavy weather in the Carolines ,s delaying salvage work on \gasaki Maru. rhe history of the Japanese Ivage operations in New Guinea ikes a strange story—and a story iich nearly did not have a chance start.

LTp to 1956 public opposition vards Japanese re-entry into New linea was so great that Japanese Ivage operators would not have >od a chance of coming to any rangements. [Jp to that time the only Japanese visit Rabaul since the war had en members of a war graves party d fishing boats in distress.

Even in Rabaul Town Advisory iuncil a motion had been passed posing on principal the re-entry Japanese to carry out salvage erations.

General opinion was: “The Jap ese started the war that caused ch destruction and loss of ship ig, and there is no reason why

they should get the salvage job.”

Later it became increasingly apparent that Japan was about the only nation capable of carrying out the work on an economic basis, and eventually the Okada Gumi Salvage Company was allowed to enter and carry out the work.

Some sections of the public appealed for stringent stipulations against the salvage teams—where they should live, who they should have contact with, and how they should behave.

In the final analysis the project boiled down to a seven-day wonder.

The Japanese worked hard and well and gave no one cause for com plaint. They were seen about the town in Rabaul frequently, but they stuck to themselves.

There was only one incident, and a small one at that. Two of the salvage workers chased a Chinese girl in a cafe, and a complaint was lodged with the police.

The officer on duty acted with great presence of mind by simply picking up the two men, taking them back to their camp, and reporting the matter unofficially to the officer in charge of the camp. The two men were returned to Japan, and most people did not even know that the incident had occurred.

In the three-year history of the operation only one life was lost— that of a seaman who was washed overboard from a floating crane.

Well known and highly experi enced Australian diver Jack Childs, of Rabaul, worked with the Jap anese engineers throughout the project, and was responsible for the preliminary setting up of salvage depots.

The general pattern of the Jap anese operations was to blow up a sunken ship under water, cut it into manageable proportions 1 while still on the bottom, and then raise the pieces to the surface with the float ing crane.

The pieces were then further cut up in depots and shipped as scrap to Japan in Chitose Maru.

One complete hull was refloated in Great Harbour, near Rabaul, and was towed to the Rabaul base camp.

The hull was that of the motor ship Herstein, which was bombed and sunk at Rabaul on her maiden voyage in 1942.

One of the earliest pieces of “salvage” carried out by the Jap anese was to purchase two tugs which had been tied up at Rabaul wharf in an unserviceable condition for several years.

The two were put together to make one serviceable one which was used throughout the salvage project.

The floating crane performed a number of jobs for the Adminis tration and for private enterprise while stationed at Rabaul, One of its biggest outside jobs was to assist reconstruction of the second main wharf (called the “Ship” or “Wreck” wharf) at Rabaul.

Dies In Sydney

Commander Rupert Basil Michel Long, OBE, Australia’s wartime Director of Naval Intelligence, and the man who directed the famous Coastwatchers, died in Sydney on January 8, aged 60. He had been ill for some time. He had begun work in building up the Coastwatching or ganisation before the war, with little funds or recognition. With the war, and with the help of Lieut.-Com. Eric Feldt, who was appointed to a key position in Port Moresby to direct the Islands chain, the work went ahead swiftly with amazing success. The Coastwatchers, working with radios behind enemy territory, helped turn the tide.

Commander Long retired from the Navy in 1945 and became a consulting engineer. He is survived by Mrs.

Frances Long, a son Peter, a daughter Valerie, and two step-children, Robert and Walter.

Turn to these inside pages

for more highlights of the

month’s news: More P-NG Shipping Links—ll 3; NZ Warning to Islands Firms; Some New Hebrides Phosphate—lls; Cook Islands Progress; The Air Fares War—ll 6; Hoarding of £2O Notes—llB.

BSIP Expedition Reports on Skull Houses—ll 9; Prince Tungi’s Tour; UN Information Centres —121; Another D-Xpedition—l23; Trim ming of Fiji Expenditure—l2s; GEIC Labour for Santo Fishery; Fiji Banana Legislation to be Re written —126.

Petrol Caused a Fiji Explosion—l 29; Fiji Had Seen Nothing Like it Before —130; Inquiry Into Rioting —133; Vital Statistics of the Riots —134; Strike Planned to Cut Air Traffic; Extensive Aid Promised New Caledonia —135.

Mr. Hasluck’s New Guinea Visit— -135; New Caledonia Dengue Out break —138; New Caledonia Drought Serious; NG Crocodile Shooter Wins Court Appeal; Pou vaana May Serve Sentence in France —139; Hotel Encourage ment Plan in Tahiti; NG Club Swallows its Old Building—l4o; TEAL Electras from February 1; Fiji’s Biggest Land Deal Com pleted—l4l.

Sydneysider Goes Walkabout

In Peru The Rich Get Richer

LIMA, PERU: Cold Humbolt Current equals tons of fish, equals millions of seabirds, equals guano on the offshore islands.

And guano is the pervading smell in certain winds of Callao, about five miles away and chief port around here. Guano is also one of the chief exports, so if its perfume is not that of Chanel No. 5, it’s just too bad. The income it brings in smells OK.

CALLAO, of course, is where Kon Tiki, Willis’ Little Sisters, and more recently, Tahiti Nui 11, kicked off on their long drifts to Polynesia. But the Peruvians are blase about raft drifts: If monu ments mark the spot, I have failed to find them. "Right from there,” they say off-handedly, waving to the steamer wharf when you ask them where from. * * * this place is like Goroka, New Guinea Highlands, in that everything happens together: pansies, roses, gerberas. May-bush, gladiola, oleanders, hibiscus, bougain villea. Plus geraniums. The geranium is the national flower, and there are more varieties, more highly coloured—rioting over wrought iron railings, climbing up walls, clumped in gardens, spilling out of window boxes—than any place else on earth.

All this, plus the prevailing archi tecture (modem Spanish, plus wr ought-iron) in such smart residential districts as Miraflores, re sults in one of the most pleasant cities most of us in this partv have ever seen. . other side of the ledger, are the hideous tenements where a dozen crowd into a room, the hovels of scrub mats and mud bricks on the outskirts of the town—with spasms of social conscience stick ing up here and there in modern brick government schools and housing estates.

Sociaily and politically there is a policy of equality, with the equality the o^?idiL alS ° i to without cales of most Western countries. Consequently, the rich

tend to get richer, even if the poor cannot get much poorer.

Nonetheless, the Peruvian of Lima, by and large, appears happy, well fed, with a culture and economy that is modified North American. He speaks Spanish and his currency is in sols—27i large brassy coins to the US dollar. But dollars are accepted as readily as local currency. Many of the largest US firms and trading houses are established here, well-known US brand names crowd the hordings, and flaring-fin, US automobiles crowd the streets and highways.

Export income comes from cotton, guano, oil, gold and silver. Best buy: Silverware (about half the price of Australian). Favourite local tipple: Piscay Sour (local grape brandy, lemon juice, white of egg, whipped together and served near freezing.) Famous attractions: Pre-Inca and Inca ruins in the desert a few miles out of the city and the Inca museum in Lima. (The Incas buried their dead curled up in Buka baskets; and fought their wars with clubs so near the pineapple-clubs of ancient Fiji that it makes no difference. Heyerdahl has plenty of superficial evidence in this place to support most of his theories). * * * The big surprise of Lima—ll deg.

S. latitude and near sea-level—is its climate. This is mid-summer, when P eople in places like Suva, or Rabaul or Port Moresby, in similar latitudes, or even in Sydney at 34 deg, s., are literally stewing in their own perspiration. Here, in daytime, it is just comfortable in lightweight wool; or cotton or terylene, with a wool cardigan. At

night something more is nee< There is an underlying sharpi in the air—again like Goroka, ] Credit for this state of aff: goes to the cold Humbolt Cun and probably the proximity of Andes, on whose lowest slopes Li is built. The Andes (which h been obscured from our sight mist and haze, which evidently usual), are responsible for this 1 pf desert, as complete as the Salu in which the city lies.

Port Moresby is said to be in rain-shadow of the Owen Star ranges, but usually between 40 j 50 inches of rain per year esci around the edges. The Andes cc pletely block off natural rain fr this coastal beir. Precipitation about 4 inches per year—in the fo of mist, not from real rain.

Lima, with water from mountains or from coastal artes: bores, blooms and flourishes. Out city limits the grey desert begi patchworked here and there fields of corn or cotton, irrigai from bores sunk in the sand witl a few hundred yards of the oce shore. * * *

Conversation Piece (Frorr

woman from Jersey, US, on her i circumnavigation of the world) : told the taxi man I didn’t ws to see any ruins or any museu or any of that stuff. I told him take us to the best tea place. > had a wonderful tea —six of us, 1 only 3 dollars. And with stra' berries!”

Some males of the touring spec: don’t do much better. Some of t hardened characters from our st made a B-line for San Mart Square and saw Peru thereaft from the lounge of the Boliv Hotel, through a haze of Pise: Sour!

"Sydneysider" (touring "PIM" editor Mrs. [?] Tudor, at right) in a Miami bar, trying o[?] good honest beer after Peru's Piscay Sour. her are Mrs. Ronald Gardner, of Fiji, where husband is with Customs; Mrs. M. McD[?] (Mrs. Tudor's mother); and Mr. Gardne[?]

Back From NG Tour Minister Critical

Of P-Ng

From a Staff Writer in Canberra Dec. 21. 7as Mr. Paul Hasluck’s action ked fortnight’s visit to Papua o Guinea —his first in 12 months t were brimful of anti-Govem it activity in the Territory—a cess?

Mr. Hasluck that today, his first day back in the office after his strenuous Ministerial “-the-people tour.

Well, yes,” he said, across the at pile of work files that are legacy from the tour, and which keep him working over the holi es while other Ministers take e off (Mr. Hasluck has never n accused of being a slacker). “I ught it was most successful”, lut I got the impression that it he meant was it wasn’t a ure. He wasn’t really sure if it Id be classed as a success, in the erlative sense. /hat were some of his im ssions? he people he met on the tour, said, fell into several groups, mps such as the taxpayers’ as iations, and chambers of com :ce, had definite proposals to ke, and clear statements on imalies.

"Insecurity" Again

here were individuals with the le approach, dealing with matters general development, hen there were people who had ticular problems relating to mselves, or their areas—cotton Lae, coffee in Goroka, or perhaps sonal complaints touching nobody lut everywhere he heard the *ase ‘‘feeling of insecurity”. He nd that this covered lots of dif ent things. To many people it ant their own immediate dis isfaction over something.

But when you discarded this sort thing, you were left with the t that there is a lot of genuine ibt as to what is going to happen the Territory in the future,” said . Hasluck. “There is a real con n. A lot of it is created by the at deal of rumour there is in the Titory.”

Ie said he attempted to answer t of insecurity by saying at every )ortunity that Australia was not ng to walk out of New Guinea, e Prime Minister had already told sv Guinea that.

(Continued on page 142)

A Stone Relic of

Sepik Magic

Aibom Island, in the Chambri Lakes region of NG’s Sepik District, is the site of this high haus tambaran (spirit house) and the carved stone pillar, 5 ft. 6 in. high, discovered recently by Angoram trader Peter England, who took these photo graphs. The pillar is part of an arrangement of slabs and pillars said by the natives to have magical powers. They said an early German official was “struck down” for going too close. Anthropologists will investigate the stones.

No Australian Government could walk out, said Mr. Hasluck, leaving its dead of two wars and hundreds of millions of pounds in develop ment, and still expect to remain in office. The Australian public wouldn’t stand for it.

He said the rumour mongering that had caused him most concern was the talk he had heard from Europeans, along the theme that the “natives will kick us out”.

Said Mr. Hasluck, putting down his pen and raising his voice slightly, “That’s very foolish. Stupid.

The best way of starting a row is to go looking for one. Why should we talk like that?”

Rumour mongering of all types had reached serious proportions in the Territory, he said, and it appeared to be spreading.

People had repeatedly asked him questions to which he had already given definite answers. He had said some time ago, for instance, that he would not interfere with the southern leave arrangements, but people had still asked him about “rumours that it would be changed”.

Said Mr. Hasluck, “I said to tl ‘Don’t you believe what I said?’ they believe me—but they had h these rumours. . .”

What was Mr. Hasluck goinj do about rumour mongering?

“I have plans for tackling it, : said, but he did not say what were.

Had any important decision; changes come out of his tour?

“No”, he said.

But I left his office with a fet that the answer was not mean be as decisive as it sounded.

Hasluck has a reputation for k ing decisions to himself until t ready to release them—a enough political viewpoint, altho unfortunately, at times, it cause more trouble than it’s wc

[See “Commentary”, page 25.]

Hollandia As Site

Conference

Will Be Vital

Australia and Netherlands Gov ernment officers will meet in Hollandia in the first week of March to survey progress made in the administrative liaison between Papua-New Guinea and Netherlands New Guinea. r' will be a vital conference.

Both sides, in the light of what has occurred in the last 18 months, will hammer out the policy for the future.

The plan for co-operation be tween the two countries was initiated in 1953, and formally con firmed in a joint Australian- Netherlands declaration in Decem ber. 1957.

The Hollandia conference is the sequel to the Canberra conference of October, 1958 —the first between the two countries—which set the pace that has been followed.

In purely administrative matters the two Territories will have much progress to report since 1958.

There have been new and im proved sea, air and telephone communications between the Terri tories; there has been a widened exchange of technical personnel, and a widening of co-operation in the education field. One result has been an understanding by the Dutch of the value of English to the whole island, and there is to be an increase in English classes on the Dutch side of the border.

Political Progress

Probably the most important item to be discussed at Hollandia will be the matter of political progress.

The Dutch have some definite views on this. Political progress in NNG since the October conference has been greater than in P-NG.

During 1959, NNG made a vital step towards self government when it established the first regional council—in the Schouten Islands sub-district. The council is a local government, with authority over Europeans as well as natives. It is a law making and taxing authority; and will establish village councils in its district.

A network of regional councils will be established, and by 1962 NNG hopes to set up a New Guinea Council, which will be a legislative council of all the people of NNG.

Because of the regional council system, most of the members of the New Guinea Council will have been elected P-NG still has a Legislative

(Continued on page 142)

Council with an official majo only three elected European m bers and not one elected ns member.

Will Become One

At Hollandia in March the Di are not likely to back down their view that if the island New Guinea is eventually to bee one, there will have to be cl political liaisons established i At the October conference Dutch pressed for a consults union, pointing out that dependence in the two Territc could come a lot more quickly t Australia seemed to think.

Australia rejected the scherm

being premature.

Some leading Dutch offi( believe that NNG may have ( 10 years before it can run its < affairs. The Australian attitude, its side of the Territory, puts time at double that, or treble.

The Dutch also want co-opera in the administration field to widened to a full fledged finan economic and military co-opera (PIM, December, p. 37).

Fence Sitting

They think Australia has I doing too much fence sitting the vital issues between the Territories, and that Australia have to make up its mind £ what it wants, even if its deci means antagonising Indonesia.

Meanwhile, Australian Pr i Minister Menzies returned from official Indonesian visit in Decen without making a public staterr on the results of his talks \ President Soekarno.

The Prime Minister was war received in the Republic and tl is a possibility that Presic Soekarno will return the visit October, 1960.

ositive Action

leeded in Fiji

S Sir Alan Burns indicates in L his London interview with R. W. Robson (p. 17), the Suva its of December are not important themselves, but as a symptom of disease.

The disturbances were the inevit ile outcome of an economy that is it of gear. Fiji has too many people r its resources. This has caused Lemployment, poverty—and with it, scontent.

It is, as another authority in cates elsewhere in this issue, a se of the haves and the have its.

The vital question, of course, is lat should be done to remove the uses of unrest?

Action will need to be quick and isitive.

There can be no more of the illy-shallying that has marked e Fiji Government’s outlook in e last few years—its do-nothing iss despite the warnings of many ople that the situation was get ig worse, and that the Colony «ded to change both pace and rection.

Fhe Burns Commission could have en got working several years ago, len an inquiry was first asked for. was in 1952 that Mr. Maurice :ott moved in the Fiji Legislative mncil that such a commission be ►pointed “forthwith”, to advise as what steps should be taken to isure that Fiji would not suffer Dm over population, “to the detri ent of the standard of living of all ces in the Colony”. That resolu >n was adopted six years before the irns Commission was appointed.

As late as the situation is, the Dvernment will have that report its hands in the next few weeks.

It would be useless, in the short terval remaining, to waste too any words proposing a plan of tion, but when the Burns blue int is available there should not another moment lost in tackling e serious ills of Fiji.

In respect of the actual surface plosion in Suva in December, Fiji’s lief Justice, Mr. Justice Lowe, n be depended on to cover the levant aspects when he begins his jmmission of Inquiry.

No doubt the activities of the ►lice will be an important part of e evidence.

It will be interesting to know st how much of the stone-throw g at the police, and how much the apparent anger at the police l that first day, was engendered

by the humiliation that many otherwise law-abiding and peaceful citizens may have suffered at find ing themselves confronted, and charged, by steel helmeted, baton carrying police using smoke bombs.

As the reports in this issue in dicate some of the police action seemed to be against people who were minding their own business. ☆ ☆ ☆

Lessons From a

New Guinea Tour

MR. HASLUCK’S December tour of Papua-New Guinea was neither a success nor a failure.

And in the light of the bad feeling of the past 12 months, that’s probably success enough.

Any resident who thought that the Minister would be a push-over when met face-to-face, learned that here was a man who knew some thing of his subject, and was not quite as divorced from the problems as Canberra politicians are reputed to be.

And the Minister learned that the uproar of the last 12 months has not been the work merely of vocal pressure groups, but is general and based on many genuine griev ances.

It is not putting too unenthusiastic a face on it in saying that the posi tion now is that both sides have agreed to bear with each other for a while longer, in the hope that they will find their way to a better understanding.

There are yet several hurdles to be jumped along the road —not the least of them the pending High Court case in March, in which the constitutional structure of the Territory is being challenged. Pos sibly this battle will now be joined in a climate that is far less hysterical than it was.

Among the other hurdles is one for Territorians to jump that is, nobody has yet achieved anything by shouting abuse. There is still something of the pioneer frontier in New Guinea, to be sure —but Canberra regards itself as being civilised and objects to the shoot ing irons being whipped out and shots fired indiscriminately at every sign of trouble.

There must be a reasonable approach—insistent, persistent and strongly worded if need be —but the complaints have to be specific, and the hotheads who mouth generalities don’t help anybody.

A hurdle that the Minister, and the Commonwealth Parliament, has yet to jump, is the fact that not all those who claim New Guinea as their birthplace have black skins.

And there is also a growing body of what the official mind calls ex patriates who have already made the country their home, and many more would decide to do so if they could find encouragement.

Too many senior Canberra officials hold the view that the Territory is peopled almost entirely by poor white trash from the mainland who stay two years, make a pile, and get out. That, if we may borrow Mr. Hasluck’s own words, is stupid, because the best way of starting a row is to go looking for one.

It is true, as Mr. Hasluck says, that some Territorians are inclined to say that the “native will kick us out”, but it is difficult to believe that Mr. Hasluck does not know that there are several shades of meaning in this phrase. Nobody could support the emptyheads who mean to convey that P-NG might be another Kenya.

But there is a large body of sober minded residents, especially the primary producers, who have been attempting to tell the Government for a long time that present Gov ernment policies could well tend to force the European out simply be cause he won’t be able to afford to stay there. And without Euro pean capital and development, P-NG is not likely to be any better off than Fiji is at the moment, with its longer history.

Those on the spot know very well that the Government, despite what it genuinely believes to be its own regard for the natives and their progress, shows a lot less respon sibility towards the natives than most settlers.

Lack of supervision of natives employed by the Government on project work, especially on day labour projects, has brought about a serious situation for the settler.

Too many natives are not being shown that if P-NG is to progress they must work. They are prepared to loaf on a Government project, that still pays them enough money to buy their tobacco.

What sort of a legacy does private enterprise receive from that? Pri vate enterprise has to operate economically and it can’t continue to afford to employ 60 labourers using the Government stroke if the job should reasonably be done by half that number working steadily and intelligently. Otherwise it simply goes broke —and so do the natives.

The settler learns to live with his native employees and his local native population, the hard way. Without their co-operation he is not likely to progress, and for that reason he has learned much more about native public relations', and how to train

them in the hope they will develop into useful skilled workers who can be employed permanently, and has more personal respect for them, than many Government officials who so loudly advise him, and who are given so much authority over him. [Thus a “feeling of insecurity” to some settlers is quite often a feeling that the Administration officer is going to go out of his way to make things tough for him because he happens to have unwisely shown his independence.] Will there come a time when Mr.

Hasluck will honestly give the much maligned New Guinea settler credit for the valuable job he is doing in the fields of native development and unofficial extension work, and in giving the native a sense of re sponsibility? Or will the European first be forced out by the great weight of indigenes who have been led to believe they can walk before they can crawl, and that wealth can be amassed without work?

There was 1 no evidence that Mr.

Hasluck, during his tour, saw the light in some of these matters.

But possibly the main lesson that came out of the tour, and here neither side had realised the full extent of the gap, is the need for good public relations.

Rumours can be fought with facts.

There has been such a lack of facts available on the day-to-day de cisions that really matter in New Guinea that there should be no sur prise that the Territory is “seeth ing with rumours”.

Canberra puts out great numbers of statements giving the latest native cocoa figures and latest on council development, aimed at in forming the Australian public.

But how about informing the Territory public, fully, on land matters, liquor policy, native labour Legislative Council reform, and such snippets of news that are of vital interest to the settler?

If Canberra continues to wait until the last minute before making important revelations, as it did on the notorious taxation issue, it can expect to be plagued not only by the rumour mongers, but by the type of animosity and anger that the mishandling of the tax issue brought about.

A sympathetic Territorian, on the other hand, would be the best public relations officer Canberra could find. ☆ ☆

There Could Be a Reason

For High Prices

M UC , 1 1,, Seems *° have made ITX of the recent statement by the BevirWrm Flnancial secretary, Mr Bevington, suggesting that many

firms in Fiji were overcharging.

Mr. Bevington quoted some in stances. He could no doubt have quoted some more, but so could a lot of other people. There is no business community anywhere which is not guilty of making excessive profits occasionally on some lines. This is to be deplored.

But it’s the overall picture that counts.

One swallow does not make a summer, and a critic would be hard put to it to prove that Fiji is in the hands of robber barons.

There is very strong retail com petition in Fiji—the Indians, those who run stores and those who buy

from them—help see to that. , it would be ridiculous to sug: that all retailers in Fiji are some kind of a conspiracy to the public. The public pays kind of prices which the econc dictates.

That puts the ball right back i Mr. Bevington’s corner.

The Colony has in the \ resorted to floating loans in UK and in Australia and it she be doing all it can to encourage i investment and new indust] meaning more jobs, and to build a feeling of security.

Fiji certainly doesn’t feel sec at the moment. And the I markets abroad are not going to : there is any security in the CoL unless the Government wo r harder on the really vital proble ☆ ☆ ☆

First Lady Of The

South Pacific

BACK home on her gold, lease Wau, New Guinea, in Janu after a nine months world t renewing old friendships and nat ally making new ones, was 77-ye old Mrs. Alice Bowring—who t “Mom” to thousands of Ameru troops who passed through American Red Cross canteen in w time Noumea when she ran it way she has run her life—w irrepressible cheerfulness, envia vitality, rock-bottom commonser and inspired irreverence to conventions. In America white i spas l away they presented her w a citation naming her “First U of the South Pacific”. It is one the wonders of the American ch acter that they are the only peo in the world who would think that. Their warm hearts are e phasised by their recognition of 1 warmth of Alice Bowring’s.

In Washington on her recent tour Mrs. Alice Bowring is presented with a citation as the "First Lady of the South Pacific" by General Alfred Gruen ther, American Red Cross President. With them is Mrs. Bowring's

granddaughter, Diana.

See Commentary, above.

Difficult?

Professor O. H. K. Spate, Pro fessor of Geography at the National University, Canberra, and author of the Spate Report on the economic problems and prospects of the Fijian people, has this to say on the Fiji riots: “The general political and social structure of Fiji can hardly be said to reflect the real dynamics of a very complex situation, or to offer much hope of a free and orderly develop ment of national unity. At pre sent, inter-racial relations are usually good, sometimes re markably so; yet, unless some heroic economic and political operations can be performed, it is very difficult to envisage the i/ndefinite maintenance of this equilibrium, and equally difficult to see any solution at once feasible and even approximately just.”

Professor Sprite was writing in a January issue of a fort nightly Sydney journal, “The Observer

w Australia Went Out

TU dad Tr-ftrla me DUr iraae r. Jack West, of Rabaul, who has JS™

von Halm

I™ thP last also told us about M y of Bird-of-Paradise skins. e says that abput the only thing did during his initial stay at adjim in 1921, when he was sup- 3d to be learning how to be a itation manager, was to pack i-of-Paradise skins the final ,n-up, made necessary by the ent of Civil Administration and ew humanitarian outlook on the ? industry in general. rhe skins were to be shipped on MV Edith” he says, “with irkshop’ McDonald, the skipper, Jack Francies, Plantation In- •tor in charge of operations and i eight of us budding Plantation lagers aboard, to be dropped ig the coast and at Karkar. An r out we ran into a ‘stinko N. >t’ and nearly everybody aboard sea-sick. We limped into Sek 11+ . a ui p.m.

By the time the Edith got past tsdam, only Francies and Donald were aboard and the idea to run to Hollandia with the is. However, they foolishly ran i Aitape, and while there Francies foul of the Kiap, resulting in Edith being raided and the is confiscated. \.fter District Court proceedings, Birds were taken to Rabaul and re they remained for many ms in the Customs House. One it a Yankee ship that had called Rabaul left, and the next aun. that remained of the BOP was in the pocket of Featherstone bbs’ dust coat, which was hangon the wall of the office. Tolala remember this incident.” ,

igO DogS and

. n

my Deer in Papua

„'„ , . ■he following is part of a para- P£ °?7 Pa P uan ’ in \ific Islands Year Book.

There is a wild pig, which is imon and well distributed. It bably was introduced from laya at a very early date, since now forms a distinct species, jre is also a wild dog, or dingo, . There are no indigenous deer, a number of years ago a number e introduced and liberated near t Moresby, where they seem to r e become acclimatised—although

heard of them 1,1 In relation to these notes, Mr. V, T. Sanders sends the following in comment from Port “I have not yet heard of a species of wild d °S’ or d ingo-nor have I met anybody who has seen one.

“! can assure y° u tha t there are numerous herds of deer, scattered from Port Moresb y t 0 the Dutch border. Deer are being shot regu larly by hunters in the Brown River and Laioki areas. Four sets of antlers are mounted in my lounge, where I write this note, “Only last week I saw a magni ficent stag, only an hour’s drive from Port Moresby.”

Papua (as distinct from Port Moresby and it environs) still has wild dogs of course, although they are not now seen in as many areas as they were once. A couple of years ago there was a lot of publicity when Sir Eklward Hall strom brought two of these dogs down from Papua’s Southern High lands and installed them at Taronga Park Zoo. Sir Edward described them as very like the Australian man y respects; he said that theywere seldom seen during the day but hunted their food at night. p/ m published a picture of the dogs in the j ssue 0 f February, 1957. & J M

KOUndaDOUT Voyage

t l n ij n UT me UIO UayS photo of the old BP skippers, taken about 1920. and published in April and June “PlM’s”, has inspired a great deal of correspondence, in eluding something from old Terri torian, Mr. A. P. Lyons, now living in retirement in Surfers Paradise, Queensland, about one Skipper of that period who did not appear in the photo. He was Captain P.

Bayldon, who eventually left the BP service to establish a Navigation School in Sydney.

He was in command of the old “Moresby” when Mr. Lyons first went to Port Moresby in 1906, arid it was one of those roundabout voyages of the time—from Sydney to Java, via the Solomons, Samarai and Port Moresby. But before Mr. Lyons reached his destination, they had ftad enoug h excitement for several voyages. ..

He wntes - Soon after sighting Wreck Reef we encountered a cyclone, which made things uncomfortable for a couple of days. In due course we reached Marau Sound, southern end of Guadalcanal, and from there, proceeded towards Malaita.

Between two islets called Aola and

Neale Islands, we grounded on a reef and had to jettison a lot of cargo to get the vessel off.

Passengers were landed on Neale, where a trader, named Newman, put us up. Aola Islet was the head quarters of another trader, named Weldon. Two other traders, named Harding and Darbyshire, owned a plantation (Penduffryn) nearby on Guadalcanal. They were two well to-do Englishmen to whom the romantic life on tropical islands appealed.

After getting off the reef, we pro ceeded to Gavutu, the headquarters of Lever Bros., who had recently acquired it and all his other in terests in the Solomons from Cap tain Svensen. Gavutu, at that time, was a naval supply station having a reservoir in the high ground covered by a galvanised iron roof, from which pipes carried water to the jetty below. Near the jetty was a large coal bunker, and a large two storied house and some store sheds and workshops completed the estab lishment.

There was a diving outfit at Gavutu, and it was placed at the disposal of Captain Bayldon. Claude Bernays, of Lever Bros., volunteered to act as diver. He had seen diving done in Torres Strait, but had never before ventured below.

He donned the suit, stepped into the water intending to go alongside the Moresby. But he “blew up” and came up when the air pressure was applied. It looked very funny, with his scared face seen through the front window of the helmet.

In getting him out of the suit, the front window of the helmet was mislaid and next morning it could not be found. The ship’s carpenter made a flanged wood plug for the aperture, and in this gear the 2nd officer (Richardson) went below, located the holes in the ship’s plates (presumably by feel), and patched them up. Cement was poured on top of the patches inside the hold.

We then proceeded slowly on our way to Samari, arriving nearly a month overdue. There was no wire less in those days, and, in view of the cyclone we had come through, and nothing having been heard of the steamer for so long, there was some anxiety on her account.

The Goverment steamer Merrie England was at Samarai when we arrived. She left for Port Moresby next day, and I was a passenger.

The Moresby returned to Australia.

IN THE MAILBAG: This note from a Port Moresby bank officer whose name we’ve withheld for his own protection; “This evening the Hon. Paul Hasluck spoke to us over the air, at a time normally devoted to a programme called Listeners’"

Choice—a quaint conceit. I recog nised his speech. It was No. 2A/4-B, Speeches, Impromptu Ministers, Apprehension Lulling, Vote 1 e s s Areas.”

Mob Rule Was Only a Minor Part The Deeper Issues Of The Fiji Rioting

From L. G. USHER, Editor and Publisher of “The Fiji Times”

The Suva riots of December were spectacular, but they sprang from deeper causes than any of the surface incidents.

Because they were spectacular, they made headlines in many xmntries.

3 put the disturbances, as such, into proper perspective it is well to remember that Fiji events d to gather about themselves an talanced importance if they occur Suva. ’here may be a hurricane, and ps and houses may be destroyed, if all this takes place in the er islands of the group, in places h names which people outside i have never heard of, the 'ld’s Press does not become iuly agitated. But let Suva be ched, and banner headlines in yspapers and scare superlatives

in news broadcasts mark the occasion.

So it is wise to recall that while gangster mobs were making Suva streets unsafe and destroying Suva property, the rest of Fiji was very little affected. There were strikes at Lautoka and Vuda Point, parallel to that among the oil workers at Suva, and road and inter-island transport was generally upset, but the violence that developed at Suva was not repeated elsewhere.

The mobs that caused the im mediate destruction were of the type that large towns breed, the “dead end kids’’, the slum conditioned youths without roots or civilised standards who are the enemies of the police and the peaceful and more stable sections of the com munity.

It says little for the Government or people of Fiji that such an element has been allowed to grow to such proportions in the Colony’s towns, and especially at Suva, ready to be made use of by unscrupulous people who are no friends of Fiji.

"Deep Concern"

The riots have caused everybody concerned with the future to think earnestly about the reason for this growth, about the conditions under which the gangs have flourished and have taken on a criminal tinge, and about the origins of the racial antagonism that showed on the second day of the rioting.

These are fundamental matters, but there are related questions, concerned with the actual disturb ances of the two days.

The first is—to what extent was the violence planned in advance, and its form organised, either over seas, or in Fiji, or both?

The second, round which the most heated local difference of opinion has arisen, is—was the official action taken prompt, wise, and adequate?

There is nothing unfamiliar about the things you come slap up against when you begin to look at the root causes of the growth of the de linquent gangs. They have been talked about often enough, and a

lot more talk will follow the pub lication of the report of the Burns Commission in a few weeks’ time.

It all comes down in the end to a population that is growing too fast for the number of jobs available, and growing in racial imbalance, to the need for better use of the Colony’s land so as to increase pro duction, and to the urgent need for more capital investment, so that more jobs will be available.

The tragic stupidity of things like the riots is that they could have the effect of discouraging that very investment which is the Colony’s main hope.

On the social side, there are too many people in Suva with not enough to do. They are crowded into tenements for which they have to pay exorbitant rentals, and there is neither discipline nor graciousness in their lives.

No Sense of Belonging The Fijians among them have lost the sense of belonging to a community, and the social discipline (satisfactions) of village life, and nothing has replaced these things.

The central Government and the Fijian administration have failed to recognise, or anyhow to meet, a new situation. There is need —now become urgent—for an organised social and political set-up for Fijians living at Suva, based on the traditional village system, but adapted to the circumstances of crowded urban life.

Much was made in some overseas newspapers about the racial element in the riots.

It is well to get this into per spective, too. On the second morn ing, the stone-throwing and the abuse were undoubtedly directed against Europeans.

Placards and slogans on some — but only some—motor-cars carried

[?] ng union leader James Anthony strikes a [?] e in his appeal to the crowd during one of [?]eral strike meetings held in Suva the week of the riots. Photo —Rob Wright.

crude variations on the “Kill t] white man” theme. Stones we brought in cars from suburbs roads and left in convenient pil or passed out to excited boys ai girls who threw them at the window of European-owned shops, ai laughed with unhealthy joy at t] sound of breaking glass.

But this was during the heig: of the riot, while the mob ruled, ai the spirit that rules in any me anywhere, in any age prevaile Evil men, and evil motives come in their own on such occasions But consider the other side the picture.

Genuine Concern

ITiere were many non-Europea: who offered to drive the cars their European friends through tl danger area, to lessen the possibili of stoning. There were warning born of genuine concern, not to g into the streets where the mob h£ taken over.

Fijian and Indian workers walk( many miles to work each day aft( the bus and taxi drivers—for who no sympathy need be felt < excuses entertained—had sudden taken away public transport.

Christmas Eve and the New Ye* period, which in recent years ha) been marked at Suva by nois drunkenness, and by fighting ar aggressive ill-manners, this yes passed off with peaceful goo humour—a few short weeks aft* the riots.

There is in Fiji, as in all mult: racial communities, a measure ( ill-will between individuals an groups, but it is a long way froi being universal.

There are, unfortunately, in a races, ill-mannered, patronisinj arrogant people. But there are als a great many men and women c good-will, who condemn arroganc and ignorant rudeness wherever ; appears, in their own race or i others.

There is now special need for sue! condemnation, and for a bit c honest self-examination about racia attitudes on the part of all thos who live in Fiji and want to see he prosper in peace and good humoui

Evil Influences

There is a large element of per sonal friendship between the peopl of the various races in Fiji, buil on mutual respect and liking. Tha is the core round which to buil< a good future, and people are say ing so. It is the only way in whicl such a future can be built and Fij is better without anyone who feel otherwise.

What of outside interference?

There seems little doubt that be fore and during the trouble perioc evil influences were at work, making use not only of the criminal gangs

(Continued on page 143)

•se violence produced the head s, but also of personally em ered or ambitious elements in vents followed too closely the :ern made familiar overseas, and •e were too many hints in ad ce that there was “going to trouble” to leave any real doubt t that trouble was engineered encouraged, either from over ; or within Fiji, his is one of the matters which Chief Justice will have to try assess in his inquiries into circumstances surrounding the s. his applies also to the part red by the police, here will be controversy for a I time over the throwing of the i smoke bombs. Whether it was sssary at that stage is at least btful, but the inquiry will give police the chance to state the * from their point of view. here were unnecessarily sensa ial reports in some overseas spapers, but printed comment , in general, fair. The London tes leader on the riots did little

to enhance its reputation for in formed comment.

The point where most overseas journals went astray was in assum ing that this was another example of the demand for political in dependence showing itself in violence born of frustration.

Unreal Interpretation

To put any such interpretation on the Suva disturbances is fan tastically unreal. It is greatly to be hoped that no precipitate “reforms” will be forced on Fiji as a result of pressure—however well-meaning, and whether it comes from official sources or otherwise —from people or groups who do not understand the Fiji situation.

A major failure during the brief crisis was the present administra tion of Fiji. At no stage was there any sense of urgency and the people generally were left with the melancholy feeling, which has been brewing for a long time, that policy makers are out of touch with reality and that from an ivory tower of complacency can be expected neither leadership nor drive.

The Pacific Islands Monthly can well say, “I told you so”, but Fiji would be a much more contented 1 place if editorial predictions had not proved to be so unhappily accurate.

'The Need For

Rev. L. D. Fullerton, chairman of the Indian District of the Methodist Church in Fiji, said in Sydney in January, where he is visiting, that a survey of Indian families asso ciated with the Methodist Church in Fiji had shown that 80 per cent, of them lived on a cash income of less than £250 a year. Many lived on £lOO or less.

He said that an official Govern ment Labour report for 1958 in dicated that of 23,500 Fiji wage earners, 68 per cent, were on a wage of between 10/- and £1 a day.

“The wage structure in Fiji must be improved,” said Mr. Fullerton.

“It is impossible to live on this kind of money, and there will be more trouble if we can’t do some thing about it.”

Tomorrow's Fiji Will Be For Everybody

The Fijians, Too, Must Learn About Mutual Co-operation

By David P. Ragg

For some time I have felt very much that problems in Fiji have to be approached in a more realistic manner, in that they concern everyone regardless of race. The Fijian cannot afford to look upon himself as something apart from the other

people in the Colony.

TE must always see that the I Fijian gets a fair deal, but we must be honest in our thinking d try to get him away from the lice in Wonderland” atmosphere ich his own leaders, Government d the Europeans foster. All have ;n apologists for the Fijian cause, ;n in the recent rioting.

Agreed that the Fijian leaders k the irresponsible Fijian element task for their part in the riots, t where was the exhortation that ; underlying problems could only solved by united action with the iian and European and the other •es?

Certainly mention was made that ; European was the Fijian’s friend, list the obvious reference to iian participation in the riots, list not actually stated, was to ; effect that they were responsible • the misguided action of the esponsible Fijians in the mob. h fact, this advice to keep away m the Indians, irrespective of at the Indian influence in the ts might prove to be, will only ve the effect of widening the sach.

Grave Ills *.s we all know, the riots are nptomatic of the grave social momic and political ills which ; at present besetting Fiji.

Briefly, the reason may lie in the ;t that there has been unemploy mt, overcrowding in the urban jas, a low wage-scale structure ;h a relatively high cost of liv ; and the resentment which this renders in the “have-nots” when ;y line up their lot with the more vileged people, and as has hap aed elsewhere, the European is the receiving end of the abuse, d damage which a mob can do. vlobs are mobs in any country d to solve problems which give e to mobs it will take goodwill d harmony from everyone, Fijians, dians, Europeans and others, rhere no doubt will be inquiries d soul-searching on the cause of 5 riots and every right-thinking rson will try to prevent a re rrence, but no one can absolve

himself from the underlying reasons for them in the first place, and the problem is l serious enough.

By trying to play down Fijian participation it becomes a more difficult job than ever, and in this regard the Fijian leaders might have shown a more states manlike approach to the problem as a whole if they had asked their people to join with the Indian in trying to solve their mutual problem.

Underlying it all is, of course, the Fijian fear, and a real one, that the Indians will dominate the situation. Without being pro-Indian or anti-Fijian one must accept the fact that in terms of numbers and their contribution in the economic field the Indians already do.

Must Be Told Another fact is that for good or bad the Indian is a resident of Fiji, and as self-government must come sooner or later, he is going to be come a big factor in the political field as well. The social part of the fabric must be integrated, as must the other elements, if the Colony is to prosper. Any thinking to the contrary is only self-delusion.

Before total self-government arrives the Fijian must be told what to expect and this is the job for his leaders. If he is astute he will use the remaining time to get himself on the same plane as the other people in the Colony at local government level to get the neces sary experience before self-govern ment, possibly in a modified form, arrives. In the course of time there will be complete democratic form of self-government, when there will be only one roll and the people, irrespective of their race or colour, will elect the people of their choice.

When democracy finally arrives, the functions of parliament, or whatever name this institution may be called, will be competent to set aside what land will be required for public or other use, the owners, of course, being justly compensated for its use If they are honest, the Fijian leaders and the administrators will tell their people that their thinking

on the sanctify of the Deed of Cession may have to undergo a change for the common good, par ticularly as there have been hints by some Fijian leaders that “force” may be used to preserve the Fijian rights.

If and when democratic institu tions take over, every resident will become a “Fijian” in a constitutional sense, so there will be no need for a Deed of Cession to be resorted to unless it is applicable to the rights of all residents'.

Britain will have no option but to comply with the policy laid down by her Government that the Colonies are to have self-govern ment, the form in the early stages designed to serve the best interests of those residents who go to form the peoples of each particular Colony.

According to a recent report in a well-known American news mag azine, the Colonial Secretary, Mr. lan Macleod, has set 1963 as the date line for self-government in the smaller British Colonies, of which Fiji was quoted as one. Whether it is correct or not one cannot say. As it is an important date its 1 veracity or otherwise should have some official verification, and if it isn’t true then the correct date should be given to the people, as time is very, very short.

Fiji must have realistic leadership, tolerance and understanding, plus some material assistance in the form of development capital to keep Fiji going. Therefore, it is to be hoped that Messrs. James 1 Anthony, D. B. Lakshman and other trade union people will lead their unions in a responsible and reasonable manner and that industry and the employers will work towards harmony and a decent standard of living, reminding the workers that they, too, have a responsibility to everyone by being reasonable in their demands.

Mr. David Ragg, who Is a member of the well-known Ragg family of Fiji. says: “I am second to no one in my re gard for the Fijian, and I give him full marks as a soldier during World War II and latterly in Malaya, and also for his prowess in sport. Further more I am well qualified to comment being a Fiji-born who was raised with Fijians for playmates, educated in Fiji, and played sport with them, and con ducted business amongst them for well nigh 50 years.

“For the last seven years I have maintained contact with the Colony and its affairs by regular visits con nected with my business interests, and now by residence in Sydney I have been able to follow trends in a more detached manner than might be possible by continuous residence in Fiji.”

By Tolala

Eighteen years ago this month on January 23, 1942, d be exact the Japanese Forces occupied Rabaul.

[E thousand-odd Australian troops, nicknamed “Little Hell” (they were the 2/22nd Battalion) i poker slang, and the NGVR , after a gallant defensive action the beaches, retired to the lings and the South Coast, de -3 an Order of the Day: “There 1 be no Withdrawal,” which inally came from the Brass Hats Australia. (No doubt but that it a sturdy order.) Before long “withdrawal” had developed an “Every man for Himself” ne events of these first months .942 have now become history; the pages do not make pleasant ling, though there are many s of gallantry and fortitude, of ■sacrifice and determination rded on the part of our fight men. y the end of February, 1944, not iuse or building was standing in township of Rabaul. Its name changed to Rubble. But the unes of war had also changed, in September, 1945, Australian ps were again encamped within town-site. nd today: Rabaul is bigger and hter than ever. The wheel has led full circle.

The Booze

Question

Discussions last month with Min ister Hasluck on the liquor question brought to light a mixed dish of opinions. In Rabaul, a Tolai native spokesmen is reported to have favoured a total ban on alcoholic liquor. Later, in Port Moresby, a group of native councillors plugged for drinking permits for “native leaders”.

The divergence of opinion, as ex pressed by the natives on this im portant issue, suggests to my mind that the variety of views is in fluenced by the natives’ religious training, and the possibility of his expressed opinion being not so much his own as that of his religious

adviser. Such tactics have not been unknown in the Territory.

Some mission bodies hold broad and realistic views on the subject* others are just the opposite.

A sidelight of the liquor issue appears in a Times Courier report (16/12/59) of a Rabaul TAG meeting with the Minister when Rev.

Wesley Lutton (Chairman of the Methodists) described the drink situation as “one of the most de moralising problems in our midst”.

Another councillor, Mr. C. Mc- Millan, “suggested that the illegal selling of liquor to natives was a challenge to the church. People who sold the liquor,” he said, “were members of church congregations and the church had a ‘moral obligation’ to correct its members”.

To which statement the Rev.

Lutton is reported to have made the somewhat Pharisaical reply: “I would like to say that the suppliers are not in my church.”

Does one infer that the reverend gentleman knows the identity of those illegal traffickers?

The Booze Question is a ticklish problem. Ban it and you breed black marketeers; control it with permits you encourage class-consciousness and favouritism and build up a ton of work for police and judiciary.

18 years this month since Rabaul was occupied by Japanese. At right, a Japanese gun overlooks the our, which is seen in the panorama below with its of active and extinct volcanoes. In the centre fore [?]d is Vulcan. In the background at left is the North [?]hter, with the town below it, and then the Mother, the South Daughter at the end of the peninsula near entrance to the harbour. Between them, shown white, is the active Matupi.

ro maintain the present status i appears the wisest action, with * addition of a little more of the ailed fist” policy in dealing with enders especially the sellers of ior to natives. Their offence is rallel to that of the early re liters in the Solomons who used sell firearms to the Malaitamen.

:ouraging

grancy L repercussion of the Government icy of encouraging freedom of ion and unrestricted meanderings native people is to be seen in complaint lodged by Central Dis it Officer, D. R. M. Marsh, about )0 native squatters living in ialor in Port Moresby under ►eking conditions, caused princip 7 by unemployed foreigners. In er words, itinerant natives with ir families who arrive seeking : excitement of the bright lights Moresby and stoop to crime when ► larder is empty.

They have been urbanised for long,” said Mr, Marsh, “and iy from the villages that at this ge it would cause hardship to d them back.” lie preservation of village life i communal living was not so g ago an all-high target of ministration policy. Careful tab 3 kept on recruiters to see they not depopulate villages, and if re were any indication of such finishing man-power the area 5 declared closed to recruiting, n Rabaul, the same problem has sen and the vagrants here hi de many native wanderers from resby and other Papuan ports, )ued with the desire to pick le of the alleged plums from this >re prosperous locality.

Such uncontrolled migration can only add to the Administration’s headaches and, if a Sydney paper’s report is correct, providing homes in Moresby for these itinerants at a cost of £1,200 each will be a con siderable drain on the Territory’s funds. And for what? As an ex ample of Democratic freedom?

Isn’t it about time the Admin istration got a bit tough with these wanderers? This so-called freedom which has been allowed since the amalgamation has had nothing to recommend it from any point of view. It is a privilege for which the average indigene is not yet fitted to enjoy in any beneficial manner.

That Amalgamation

Whether it is recognised in official circles or not, I would not know.

But . . . the age-old question of the merger of Papua and New Guinea is not by any means a pleasantly-accepted fait accompli; more especially amongst old TNG’ites of all colours.

Possibly it has never occurred to the Powers-That-Be that the Tolais, in particular, resent being relegated to an inferior status to Moresby.

The expansive Government policy of development in PM has, by no means, gone unnoticed by the more observant Tolais, and they want to know “Whaffor?”

Old European residents of NG, who know only too well of the vari ous Commissions of Inquiry in the past appointed to investigate the

ON THE JOB. Native trainees of the Papua-New Guinea Infant Welfare Service here take an intelligent interest in their medicines and lotions.

Photo: N. V. Salt.

disability of the merger and of lelr negative findings, also realise lat the Trustee Territory has be ime a secondary consideration in lerything save native welfare. And at is naturally played up for the nefit of UNO.

Even oil exploration has been nfined solely within the Papuan rders. Was that purely for tech cal reasons? Or does the political mient come into the picture? The test is on possible oil prospecting the British Solomons!

Despite political assurances that Ve are there to stay” the Trustee jrritory could be anybody’s baby the years to come.

lying Its

ay A report of Minister Hasluck’s eech at Minj, on December 12, ntains the following: Mr. Hasluck said that as long as e Australian Government provided w-thirds of the Territory's finance, i e Commonwealth Parliament mid not relinquish the right to we the final voice.

Without wishing to embarrass the mister, but judging by past per rmances, the Commonwealth Gov nment would not relinquish its jht even if the Territory were If-supporting.

Over 20 years ago the Trust irritory had an initial surplus of yenue over expenditure of £61,906. lat was in 1936-37; in 1937-38 the rplus was £59,691 and in 1938-39 dropped to £17,947.

E have no recollection of Canberra ing any the less vocal on account the Territory’s financial inde ndence in those days. And I leave at that, except to add that copra Rabaul during those days was ound the £7 a ton mark, and the iigene was comparatively happy ,and contented with conditions nerally.

it Bishop Wade

Amongst the season’s greetings e other day came a message from shop T. J. Wade who, since the rly ’Thirties has been Number le of the Marist Mission in ugainville and Northern Solomons, and a most popular man in every ;tion of the community. He went the USA some months ago for jatment and now, owing to ill alth, he is unable to return to the lands and he resigned in No mber.

This is sad news for him, and jo for the many friends he made ring his 30-odd years amongst all lours in Buka and Bougainville, xe mission field can ill-afford to >e men of his calibre for he was tolerant, broad-minded man. May i find worthwhile work in a more ngenial climate.

Magic Monoliths

A Press message from Moresby tells of the discovery of “carved stone pillars and boulders which local natives believe have magical powers” on Aibom Island, in the Chambri Lakes area, by Trader- Writer Peter England; a man who knows his Sepik. [See PIM, this issue].

From England’s description they appear to form a miniature Stone henge and should be well worth in vestigating by an expert on such matters.

There are two stone pillars down Buka way that I know of and credited with having magic powers in my day, though probably keen mission influence in those parts has by now divested them of any supernatural qualities. One was situ ated in the Lontis district of North Buka, the other on the southern portion of Fred Archer’s plantation on Jame Island.

I have seen somewhere that these monoliths were attributed to the Children of the Sun—a pre-historic folk who were alleged to settle where gold and pearls abounded.

There are similar pillars to be found in the British Solomons.

Friend G. A. V. Stanley might have something to say on the sub ject. Come in, G.A.V.

A Pukpuk Tale

The story of Siarua, with very excellent sketch by Brett Hilder of this fine Roroanan (PIM, Dec., p. 85) in which mention is made of Siarua’s service with W. H. Lucas recalls to mind the story told by J. W. Campbell, who accompanied Lucas in 1912 when the latter was selecting land for Choiseul Planta tions Ltd., in Bougainville.

The pair were having a dip in a river near Roroana after tramping through the neighbouring bush look ing for suitable coconut land, when a kiddie suddenly started shouting and gesticulating from the bank.

He was warning Lucas of a slumber ing pukpuk, hidden from Lucas’ eye.

After scrambling to safety up the bank, Lucas turned to J.W. and remarked: “By God! That lad saved my life! I’d better give him some tobacco, I suppose. . . . How many sticks d’you think I should give him?”

J.W. paused a moment, cleared his throat in his inimitable manner and replied: “Well, you’re the best judge of what your life is worth.

I’d suggest three sticks, anyway.”

The lad got four sticks. And it could have been Siarua.

Some years later, J.W., who was then senior inspector of the Ex proboard, of which Lucas was chairman, was telling the story in Ah Chee’s pub in Rabaul. Amongst

; listeners was a very much grieved, recently expropriated ;rman and I heard him remark a fellow-countryman in his own nguage: “What a pity the onkey’ was there to shout a ,rning!” Lucas was by no means pular amongst the German inters.

mparative

xation Dne Aussie businessman, at least, lo recently took a holiday tour rough P-NG hadn’t much npathy for Territorial pub jpers when they complained about cation. rhe tourist, himself a hotelier in IW, when I questioned him on 3 reaction to taxation by folk Up nder, replied: “What have they t to complain about? Nothing!” cited one publican in the Moresby ;a whose licence fee was £6O a ir. “And mine’s £1,500,” said the irist, “and I don’t suppose I do y more business in a year than does. And his staff is mostly tive labour. How’d he like to pay W award rates?” : only mention this in passing, tere’s probably another side to j coin. I dunno. I don’t own a b anywhere. ose B 4

ippers

!’m a bit with Bulolo’s skipper, 1 Wilding, in his effusion regard ; the Lae anchorage and the old ie masters. (PIM, Dec., p. 26).

Certainly, I have sailed in all ise M-seven-lettered ships he ntions—and a few others as well, pre-war years we always anchored the bight to which Bill refers— at least I presume so —as Mil d Haven was very much a war lation.

Dpposite the bight-anchorage jre stood a crane on the high eshore; occasionally there used be landslides along the foreshore and big chunks of it fell into the i. ; think old Henry Eekhoff’s store s the nearest building to the iding spot in those days and there s always plenty of cargo going lore for the Bulolo goldfields to later transported by Guinea : way s’ Junkers.

Bill’s plea for the “Before” ippers is apt. Only those who led with those old-time mariners 1 appreciate what risks they used take in entering anchorages 'ten uncharted) or in laying off mds like Aua and Maty (up in 2 Western Isles) discharging and dng on cargoes. rhe seamanship of these B 4 ppers cannot be rated too highly.

Bill Wilding can rest assured that

the old-timers have elephantine memories. They don t forget.

Local Government The move in some Territorial quarters for the establishment of Local Government and which was put up to the Minitser again dur ing his recent tour had a sympa thetic hearing.

What benefits, exactly, these ad vocates expect to derive from private citizens shouldering public respon sibilities in P-NG I fail to realise.

To start off with; It means another tax levy; it means going, hat in hand, for subsidies from the Government for this, that and another thing. And it by no means

guarantees the Voice of the People being heard or, perhaps, one should say their wishes implemented if for some obscure reason the Govern ment does not concur.

Local Government, in NSW at any rate, has developed into a farce insofar as democratic principle of “By the People, for the People” be ing observed. And there is no reason to suppose that the procedure of LG either in NT or in P-NG (if obtained) will materially differ in this respect.

There is not sufficient co-ordin ated team-work amongst the non official populace to facilitate the working of Local Government organisations. It would breed more headaches than anything.

Everyone Wants To Be in On The Act Pacific Air Transport Faces Its Most Vital Period Yet

As 1960 opens, the South Pacific is faced with the most vital period in its history in the realm of air transport. The new year means the beginning of big battles between America, France and the British Commonwealth for air traffic across the Pacific.

CHE South Pacific air pattern could change completely.

The fight has been brewing for ;veral years, but a whole series of *cent events has brought it to a ead. These are: • World airlines have been able ) consolidate regular trunk routes, nd now have the desire and the ircraft to create new traffic —and le South Pacific has been chosen s the area where a tourist drive ill pay big dividends. • Decisions will be made this ear by the American Civil Aero autics Board on a whole series f applications involving new ser- Ices through the South Pacific. • A breakdown in negotiations etween Australia and France in- Dlving reciprocal air rights between ustralia and France, including the rench Pacific territories; an event hich has thrown a great many irline schemes into the melting ot. • Introduction of jets on the acific, coupled with recent work in le Antarctic which will make it ossible before long to run air ser ices between Australia and South merica over the South Pole. • Improvement of Pacific air orts, and creation of new ones, at ey points in New Guinea, the olomons, New Caledonia, Fiji, merican Samoa, Tahiti and ventually Easter Island.

World airlines have been flying tore passenger miles each year >3,800 million in 1958, an estimated 1 800-m ill io n by 1961, 105,300 million by 1965) and air cargo has een booming, too, and will eventu lly match passenger growth.

It was inevitable that the Pacific ould finally have to have a share f it, especially since the big stup ing lines predicted the coming acific travel boom several years nd laid their own plans accordingly.

American Plans

The American CAB investigations, which have been going on since early last year, involve the whole of the Pacific basin, that is, the North and South Pacific. President Eisenhower himself has been in terested in sorting out all American aviation agreements in the area, and a complete review is being under taken. Among the companies that have applications are some that have hardly entered the South Pacific, but want a bigger share in it now.

The CAB has already heard evidence on the applications in Honolulu, Los Angeles and San Francisco and it is currently sit ting in Washington. Final recom mendations will probably not be made until 1961.

San Francisco correspondent Ralph Craib reported in early January that some witnesses had

described the Pacific as “the last great undeveloped tourist area”, and he said it was significant that many of them repeatedly stressed the im portance of economy class fares in the Pacific.

Hawaiian Airlines president Arthur Lewis said his company was convinced that Tahiti would develop into a major tourist resort if properly promoted and that “you will see one of the most phenomenal developments of tourism ever wit nessed in the Pacific”. Members of his board felt so strongly about it they were now investing in the hotel development in Papeete, he said.

The five firms after new routes are, Trans Ocean Air Lines (a supplemental carrier with 13 years Pacific experience, now operating between the US mainland, Hawaii and the Far East, to the US Trust Territory and Samoa) ; Pan American World Airways; Hawaiian Airlines (30-year-old company now operating within the Hawaiian chain); United States Overseas Air line (supplemental carrier, which has pioneered economy class services from the US mainland to Hawaii); and South Pacific Airlines (formed by the Dollar family, an old American shipping family, which hopes to commence Honolulu- Tahiti services in February).

One American company will get a route to compete with a French Pacific crossing. Under the US- French agreement, an American carrier will receive authority to operate from the US to Hawaii, Tahiti, New Caledonia and beyond to NZ and Australia. (Over)

[?]60 opens on the most vital period in the [?]uth Pacific's air history, with many countries, [?]ith many aircraft, jockeying for the rights [?] carry more and more passengers. Yet it's [?]ly 31 years since the Pacific was first con [?]uered by air, and today the aircraft that performed the feat —Kingsford Smith's "Southern Cross" —lies in state in Brisbane.

France-Australia

The France-Australia aviati breakdown occurred in Decemt The two countries have had a te: porary agreement for some yea giving the French airline TAI 1 right to use Darwin and Brisba on the way to Noumea, and for Ai tralia to operate to Noumea. T agreement was due to expire on I Comber 31, 1959.

During the talks (which initia began in Paris late last year) t French offered a series of servii involving Paris and/or Tahiti addition to Noumea, and asked ] Sydney in return. Australia said ] Australia offered to continue t temporary arrangements until son thing satisfactory to both si( could be worked out, but this til France said no.

Thus by January i, the li Qantas plane had flown out Noumea, causing consternation 0 page 20) and the last TAI pla had picked up and droppi passengers in Australia (TAI is si entitled to technical stops in Ai tralia).

Worth a Lot According to an official a nouncement by the Australian E partment of Civil Aviation, t granting of Sydney to TAI woi have meant giving it extra busin< worth £1 million a year, and tl was far more than Australia woi get out of either Paris or Papee Papeete is not much good Qantas except as a route to Sou America, via Easter Island, but th is not yet built, DCA’s 1 ’ figure might have been rig (TAI announced later that was exaggerated and at t most it might stand to profit £250,000 a year) but there was me to it than that.

TAI is going for a round-th world service, for which Sydn would be a vital airport, enabli] it to compete with Qantas (TAI h recently been given permission run the remaining Pacific legs fre Noumea through Papeete, Honolu and Los Angeles, with Bora Bora alternative until Papeete comes in operation, probably in October), will be using bigger aircraft on th service (DCS’s about June or Jil 1961) and will need Sydney to he fill them.

"Difficult"

With France’s help (TAI is n Government-owned, but is very do to the present French Governme; because of its financial ramifie tions) TAI appears to be attemp ing to get a stranglehold on Pacii air transport. It has two first-cla airports in Noumea and Papee (now building) to help it.

On the strength of how diffici TAI has been making things f Qantas in New Caledonia, the Au

alian authorities had doubts i)out what would happen once TAI ent round-the-world through /dney.

Some of the weapons in use by AT include special fares for cabot ;e traffic, financial exchange con ols which influence passengers to ;e TAI, and a direction to Gov nment servants that they support AI.

TAI has wanted Sydney badly, id still wants it.

The chances are that it will want badly enough in future to start te negotiations again with Aus alia.

he New Patterns

Meanwhile many new patterns •e developing.

It was thought significant in lumea that Pan American Airways presentative there took the first rcraft out to Sydney following mediation of Qantas service. PAA is landing and traffic rights in ew Caledonia.

TAI has a regular service from Dumea to Auckland, but according a Wellington report, this might rike official trouble with the New ;alanders soon.

The fast growing New Caledonia jyalty Islands internal air ser ce operated by Transpac has taken i interest in the New Hebrides ith the idea of establishing a new ternal airline. According to one port, Transpac might make an rangement with a planter and ader, Mr. Robert Paul, of Tanna, tio has been interested in estab ;hing such a service, but who has ) aircraft. The arrangements, said ie report, might initially be for six onths.

Director of Transpac, Mr. Henry artinet, in December, made a sur w in a Stinson, and landed at me islands that had never had a ane before —such as Tanna. He lid particular attention to old war ne strips. Negotiations are being nducted with land owners for the ie of sites for strips, and a new mpany is being formed, which will ie Herons. TAI once tried to com ne with Transpac but couldn’t. It ight try again.

BSIP Plans

An internal air service is also anned for the BSIP. The BSIP overnment has asked the Civil nation Adviser, Mr. A. Corbin, to bmit a report giving detailed timates of the capital required and nning costs.

A Honiara correspondent says it not the intention of the Govern ent to compete with commercial rlines but merely to supplement e inter-island service given by lall ships.

The correspondent says in addi m to present airfields in use— iikum and Henderson, Yandina (in e Russell Islands) and Munda

ew Georgia) there were many old ,r-time strips now overgrown, lich could be cleared and put to

Fiji Airways

Meanwhile, there are develop ;nts in Fiji Airways. Qantas took ji Airways over in 1957, and at 3 end of 1959 there was an nouncement that New Zealand uld also share in the company. At e end of December there was a ether announcement that Britain uld also be a partner.

Fhe company is small at the jment, operating Herons and overs within the Colony, and :asional charter flights to Tonga, it it looks as if it might be allowed go farther afield. [t was announced in Suva in De uber that Fiji Airways would cnmence regular monthly return ?hts to Fuaamotu Airport, Tonga pu, late in January. It is ex cted that the accommodation oblem at Nukualofa will be terh rarily overcome by Fiji Airways ranging to lease Beach House arding house, which has been ed as a residence for Government icials since it ceased public busi ss several years ago.

If the traffic warrants more fre ent flights these will be made. The itial monthly flights will be on a al basis. The flight each way takes out three hours in the Heron, The aircraft will remain at laamotu overnight.

In Auckland, in December, Rear imiral George J. Dufek, who re ntly retired from the US Navy— > was commander of Operation jepfreeze—to join Pan American rways as special consultant in the

South Pacific, said that Pan Ameri can would start flights from Los Angeles through Papeete to Sydney —with possible touch-down in New Zealand—in about 18 months time.

The New Zealand touchdown would be subject to New Zealand approval, and Admiral Dufek in dicated that the bargaining point would be Tafuna Airport in Ameri can Samoa. He considered that TEAL would be wanting to use Tafuna as the nearest up-to standard airport for connection with Western Samoa after the Solent flying-boat is replaced by the Electras this year. Only New Zea land airport at present suitable for the Pan American Boeings is at Christchurch. Auckland’s new air port is held up through argument as to siting.

Admiral Dufek said that Pan American expected to be operating trans-Antarctic flights between Aus tralia, New Zealand, and South America in about eight years time.

This would provide a very much shorter route than the trans- Pacific Qantas is also aware of the pos sibilities of the Antarctic route.

«Australia and France should hurry to patch their airways quarrel.

If they don’t, they may see the United States scoop the pool f on the South Pacific air route,” said the Sydney ‘Daily Telegraph in an editorial on December 24.

The editorial went on, “In recent negotiations France offered Australia air traffic rights in Paris or alternatively in Tahiti and Marseilles for rights in Sydney. The talks broke down. France walked out in a huff. French planes will no longer come to north Australia.

Australia has no rights in Tahiti or France.

“The United States looks gleefully on. France has already given the US air rights in Tahiti in exchange for rights in Los Angeles.

Australia bartered air rights in Sydney for ker semce.

This gives the US the green light across the South Pacific. Pan American Airways has already applied to the US the right to operate a new Los Angeles, Honolulu Tahiti Sydney service. They then plan to fly across Australia to link with the Pan American East Asia network at Djakarta.

“If Australia and France do not get together they will find the Americans sweeping through their South Pacific airports while they still snarl and ban each other from them. The French are notoriously *iard to deal with. Australians are tough. Compromise is the only solution. Australia and France have only a few months to agree.

Tahiti’s grand new airport, to take the biggest 'jets, will be ready by Ihe end of 1960. This quarrel should end quickly. Surely the experts ?an hammer out an equitable agreement.

New Caledonia Confident On 1960 Nickel

From a Noumea Correspondent It is confidently expected here at exports of nickel ore to ipan during 1960 will follow e same pattern as for 1959. otal exports this year will

•obably be between 600,000

id 700,000 tons.

CCORDING to Japanese buyers L here, there may even be a slight rise in the quantity to be iught in 1960, although there is no lestion of any price rise in the ;w contracts to be signed. Com stition from Canadian nickel is keen that Japanese smelters ive to watch their expenses very )sely. , ..

Meanwhile, the activities of the ternational Nickel Company in ;w Caledonia are intriguing local ining men. Three geologists of is big company have been in ecting nickel concessions on the jst coast. They have set up a lall laboratory and have engaged small local staff. A high official the company recently arrived Dm Canada to confer with the ologists.

Locally it is thought that this tivity could mean one of two ings (a) Treatment of very low ade ore by a cheap process, as rried out in Cuba and Oregon, or i) A break into the Common arket in Europe with New Cale inian nickel.

But whatever the plans, they can ily bring added prosperity to New iledonia.

New Japanese Interest It has been announced, too, that French-Japanese company is jng formed in Noumea to exploit ckel mining. Fifty-one per cent, the capital will be local, which necessary under French law, and ie remainder will be Japanese, tie French element is represented r New Caledonia Senator Henry ifleur.

It is more than probable that the ckel ore will be smelted here, lus obviating the long haul of ie ore to Japan.

There is still plenty of room in ew Caledonia for smelting in- The Nickel Company will not at 1 be affected by any new entrants ito the smelting field, for it is ell able to handle production.

-Ng's Lihir Island

Sailing round the New Ireland coast on the MV Mainiro, a sister ship of the Muniara which had sunk not long before in the Gulf of Papua we stayed three days at Lihir Island, 30 miles off the north east coast, where skipper David Herbert brother of Xavier Herbert, who wrote “Capricomia” introduced me to Mr. Jim Sciortino, manager of Londolovit Plantation, one of the most interesting men I came across in the New Guinea Islands.

The Londolovit homestead is beautifully situated on a height above the bay, and the gardens round the house and the plantation are in a highly flourishing condition. Our visit could not have been better timed, for the acquisition of Londolovit Estates Ltd. by Bali Plantations Ltd. was already in the wind; indeed it was announced to Bali shareholders only a few weeks later by Bali chairman J. Dunbar-Reid, from Rabaul.

Lihir is a striking and eminently productive island where there are still remnants of volcanic activity in the way of sulphur springs and fumaroles ; you can smell the sulphur fumes as you travel towards Londolovit along the coast. Seen from the other side, the island has a striking dragon's back effect.

The local native population of this hilly, bush-clad island, which is some 40 miles in circumference, is between 3,000 and 4,000. Every hut on the island has already been sprayed (the first of six six monthly sprayings) by the malaria control unit from Kavieng.

Londolovit Plantation itself occupies 721 acres, has about 32,000 mature coconut palms and 6JOOO new plantings; we also saw many of the 2,000 cocoa trees already in bearing, and the ground being

'prepared for a further 25,000 cocoa trees-

H. E. L. Priday.

Underground Steam

A recent announcement that Papua-New Guinea is in vestigating geothermal steam near Rabaul to see if it will be an economic method of supplying electricity, focuses attention on the successful work in that sphere now being done in New Zealand.

UNIQUE generating scheme is L in operation at Wairakei, in the central North Island of NZ, lich will shortly produce 69 000 lowatts from natural steam. This only the first stage of the pro it, and work on a second stage is jll under way to increase output 150,000 kw. A third stage will obably bring output to 250,000 kw, a total cost for the three stages £NZ2I million.

Only One of Kind

Furthermore, the Wairakei steam ild is only one of the areas in e North Island from which ©thermal steam is produced, and has been suggested that there ight eventually be one million lowatts to be tapped. Nobody lows for sure.

The NZ scheme is the only one its kind in the British Common jalth and only the second in the

world on such a large scale. The Italians have already had a half century’s experience in the use of geothermal resources at Larderello, in Tuscany.

Some of the Italian experience is being relied on, but in other ways the NZ undertaking is unique and is developing its own techniques which are likely to be of value else where. Besides providing direct steam power, Wairakei will probably provide the first example of natur ally produced pressurised hot water being put to work to provide steam for generating equipment.

Rabaul Visitors It’s not surprising then that New Zealand’s co-operation was enlisted for the investigation at Rabaul, which was undertaken at the re quest of the Commonwealth De partment of Works.

The two New Zealanders who

visited Rabaul (they were there in the last week in November and re turned to NZ early in December) are widely experienced in this kind of power supply.

They are Mr. A. C. L. Fooks, of the NZ Ministry of Works, Wairakei, and Mr. F. E. Studt, of the NZ De partment of Scientific and In dustrial Research.

Mr. Fooks has had extensive prac tical experience at Wairakei since 1952, when work began in earnest on the task of winning geothermal steam. He has been project engineer there.

Mr. Studt has been intimately as-

Steam discharging to waste from [?] lls not yet in use roars high into [?] e air in the background at the [?] othermal generating scheme at [?]airakei, NZ. In the foreground [?] e some of the pipes which take [?] e steam to the turbines. Below, [?] ese steam pipes run a mile and [?] half to the squat power house in [?] e distance.

Ir. F. E. Studt and Mr. A. C. L. )ks, who recently visited Rabaul, to investigate the possibilities geothermal steam in that area. iated with successful investiga i work in the Rotorua-Taupo a. He has worked on the Wairakei im fields, and on that field being eloped at Kawerau by the Tas n Pulp and Paper Company.

Tie steam that provides the per at Wairakei is drilled for. lling methods and equipment very much like those used for drilling. Diameter of the pro ;tion casing is usually about eight hes. o far at Wairakei about 70 bores r e been drilled, about 50 of them iable for production. They vary depth from 560 to 4,000 feet, but average is about 2,000 feet.

Loud Noises

’he work could be dangerous hout proper control, but at irakei there have been no fatal s or major injury. When the im or water is tapped there is se of a high intensity, but ncers have been developed to ig this down to bearable levels, Vairakei steam contains about 80 cent, of water with a small con t of chemicals, chiefly sodium oride, silica, potassium salts and taboric acid. lie steam itself is now being put use, but the use of the hot water a’t begin until stage two comes d operation. By stage three, >ut 35 per cent, of the total elec ;ity available will be generated m the steam flashed from this ter. lie water will be separated from steam at the wellhead and piped the powerhouse. ?he dry steam at the present ge comes into the powerhouse ng five main lines of 20-inch mless, insulated steel tubes. The am is admitted to the turbines ect. [lie Wairakei planners are proud their powerhouse, which is more ractive than a conventional verhouse. The building has no okestacks or cooling towers, no ler equipment, fuel or water rification plant.

It’s a square steel building, finished in aluminium and glass, and there has been a lavish use of colour in side and out.

It is also, for obvious reasons in that kind of country, earthquake proof.

The Palmerston Islanders caught 15 turtles during the October- November egg-laying season —and 11 of them were captured by one man, Joseph Dick, according to news from that Cook Islands out post.

They were taken on or near Cook’s Islet on the south side of the atoll.

They Won't Guarantee You

Income tax guarantees are “out” in future, according to a Cook Islands Inland Revenue announce ment. Just what is behind it all is not quite clear.

In the past, provided you could get some one to guarantee your in come tax bill, it was not necessary to pay up on departure from the Group for an overseas trip. Pay ment could be made at the end of the taxation year in the normal way.

In future, every person departing overseas will have to pay right up to date. No guarantees will be accepted.

But Has It

Ended?

Japanese and Philippine author zs have finally called off the urch for Japanese war stragglers Lubang Island, 80 miles from inila, according to a December nouncement from Tokyo.

IHE war with Japan officially ended on VJ Day, August 15, 1945, but as PIM files show, it ls a long way from being the end the war for some Japanese in the ands who refused to surrender would not believe that the war d actually ended. [n June, 1951, 18 men and one iman, survivors of a fishing ssel sunk by American air tack, gave themselves up on latahan Island, 61 miles north Saipan after a lot of aerial idspeaker and other persuasion, •ne of these later wrote a book: latahan, by Michiro Maruyama).

Next, in August, 1954, four panese airmen, still in possession all their equipment, came out of b jungles behind Hollandia, NNG, d surrendered to Dutch thorities. They were taken home the Japanese training ship \isei Maru which called at New linea that year to uplift the ashes Japanese servicemen. [n May, 1955. the Philippines thorities made efforts to round about 40 Japanese still believed be hiding on Lubang Island, icusands of leaflets were dropped er the island and low-flying mes rigged with powerful iplifiers broadcast messages in panese to the jungles below—but no avail.

However, in October, 1956, four Pantrymen surrendered. Their iforms, which they obviously had t been wearing, were in good ler, and they were in possession their rifles and eqluipment 11 ars after going into hiding.

Post Boxes Organised tn January, 1959, two Japanese ire surprised while raiding a rden on Lubang. They shot and mnded a Filipino but escaped to the jungle again. Following is incident another group of ersuaders” was despatched from »kyo in March, 1959. They set up “post boxes” in the jungle, each ntaining letters from the relatives the two men believed to be eutenant Hiroo Onada and rgeant Kinschichi Kotsuka, ac rding to information obtained }m men who had given them- Ives up in 1956 and in 1950.

Newspapers and other official documents proving that the war had ended and orders from the Emperor of Japan for the men to surrender were also deposited.

Further loudspeaking aerial sorties were also carried out, but without result.

In December, Japanese authorities said they now believed the two men to be dead and no further attempt would be made to locate them or to induce them to surrender.

A few Japanese soldiers also held out in hiding on Guam until 1950-51.

Fiji Government To Use Local Products

The Fiji Government will in future use local products wherever these can replace imported items of Government stores, and where the local product is competitive.

Local manufacturers were invited at the beginning of November to of their products so that considera tion could be given to them when ordering stores.

Everybody's Brewing It

West Samoa Battles The Home Brewer

Prom an Apia Correspondent Despite the fact that Western imoa, for almost 40 years, has

:en a “dry” area where liquor

available on a points system

Europeans and only a few

ivileged Samoans, the illicit

anufacture and consumption

liquor among Samoans has

ached alarming proportions.

TORRIED at the steady increase I of drunkenness resulting from the consumption of home brew lamafu ), throughout Samoa, the lice Department has stepped up campaign against home brewers d sly groggers.

Last October, a special section nsisting of a sergeant and two istables was set up to deal solely th liquor offences. In their first ree weeks of operation they cried out 42 raids on suspected swers and sly groggers around ►olu, the main island of Western moa, confiscating over 60 gallons home brew in kegs and tins and bottles. rhese raids resulted in 27 people [ng charged with manufacturing being in possession of intoxicat l liquor. [n spite of these intensified efforts the police, the incidence of home jwing and its consumption seems be on the increase. [n the first three weeks of De nber, the special liquor control :tion made 89 successful raids >und Upolu, and police in Savaii, ? other island, made another 24 jcessful raids. The most liquor it was confiscated on any one d was 37 bottles of home brew, d the smallest amount was six ttles.

Dn the basis of their investiga ns, the police claim that brewing being carried out in almost every lage in Samoa. rhere is no doubt that police ds have uncovered only a very lignificant amount of brewing iivities actually taking place.

Assuming the amount confiscated be as much as 5 per cent, of 3 total brewed, there must be at ,st 36,000 gallons of home brew [ng manufactured each year. This a conservative estimate and the

real amount could be double or more.

This is a staggering amount of liquor for a population of 100,000 people, the great bulk of whom are by law denied the right to drink intoxicating liquor.

"Potent and Filthy"

Laboratory analysis of the beer being confiscated by the police show that the alcoholic content ranges between 8 and 20 per cent., with an average of between 12 and 15 per cent. This is much higher than that found in beers imported for those inhabitants who have a per mit to drink. Imported beer averages around 7 to 8 per cent.

Many of the brewing jars and utensils used by home brewers are filthy, and most of the brews taken by the police contain insects and other foreign matter.

One brew confiscated contained a dead rat!

The beer is either drunk by those who brew it or sold at 3/- a bottle.

A police spokesman said: “We should have at least 10 policemen in the special liquor section, but with our present shortage of police men this is out of the question.

However, even with 10 men the liquor situation is really impossible to control. If people want liquor (and from the amount being manu factured and drunk all over Samoa, it is obvious that they do) then they will get it no matter what we do.”

General consensus of opinion is that it would be better to make available to those Samoans that want it, hygienically prepared liquor with a reasonable alcoholic content, instead of the “gutrot” they are drinking at present.

Are More Destructive

Dr. Paul Surany, of Nairobi, Kenya, who is insect pathologist of the South Pacific Commission, has been in Western Samoa lately in vestigating the ravages of the rhino ceros beetle on the spot.

Visiting coconut plantations in all parts of the territory, he examined and collected a large number of beetles, larvae and eggs for later study. He found differences in local beetles from East African beetles, and believes the Western Samoa species to be more destructive and more likely to kill coconut palms than those in other countries of Africa and Asia.

Dr. Surany favours control of the rhinoceros beetle through biological means, and he is working on the problem of eradicating the beetle by disease-causing organisms.

“A Real Good Country Show"

From a New Guinea Correspondent.

The Australian tradition of an annual Agricultural Show has long since spread to the Australian Territory of Papua- New Guinea, but never before has the Territory enjoyed the number or variety of Shows that are being staged these days.

THERE are now even regular Show followers, with plane loads of sightseers attending every one around the Territory.

The last Show was at Lae—which was the first for Lae—and the latest has just been held not far away, in the mountains at Wau, which has the hone or of having held the Territory’s first post-war show, in October, 19 IS This year’s Wau Show was the eleventh (somi how they missed one year) and the pessimists who thought it might have been held too soon after Lae’s, and badly attended, needn’t have worried, Eight hundred Europeans paid admission (Wau’s entire population consists of 375 Europeans, including a few miners working at Edie Creek, 28 Asians, 15 Euronesians and 14,000 natives). And there were 3,000 New Guineans thronging the magnificent setting in Coronation Park, which has a natural raised ridge to serve as a grandstand, with the glorious background of the Kuper Range, with 9,500 ft. Mt. Missim and a five mile mountain front. The mists linger along the lower slopes of these mountains, giving an alpine look.

There was a real atm:sphere of a real good country Show, where everyone puts all they have into it.

The natives had no less then ’ separate dancing groups strung cut over the showground, and put on what was undoubtedly one oi tne finest exhibitions of native dancing seen in the Territory. The chorus from the throats of 1,000 excited dancers rolled across the green liie the echo of a Stone Age symphony, j n Ladder Dance To round-off the grand parade, the Upper Watuts put on something which few even of the old-timers had seen before—a ladder and whip cracking dance, in which five figures perched on top of 40-ft bush ladders and swung cane whips, as the “ringmaster” at ground level kept pace with the upper strata boys, The ladders had no support other than being thrust into the ground, This apparently was an ancestor dance.

There was also a head-on “fight” between two tribal groups with bow strings twanging and stone clubs swinging in true wild Menyamya fashion. As each wave advanced

[?]rt of the crowd of 3,000 natives which attended the Wau Show [?]December. In the background are the mountains and mists of the [?]au Valley. At right, few Shows can boast a swimming pool where sitors can cool off but Wau has one at its show site in Coronation Park.

[?]ELOW. This enterprising New Guinean did a [?]aring trade at his tea and lolly water stall the Show. Centre picture shows Waria man [?]era (with white socks) with the percussion [?]ill which he operates in the Wau area —see [?]ory. At bottom, some of the wealth of Wau —pine logs in the Grand Parade.

Photos: K. Vellacott-Jones.

id retreated, the dead bodies ere hauled off unceremoniously, to i wailed and wept over by the omenfolk.

The Show had more than native mcing to offer.

New Guinea Goldfields Ltd. lived p to its name with an exhibit on dw to win gold, with a model of jep mine workings and a ton sized ock of “gold”.

The Department of Mines had a “rcussion drill pounding a deep Die in the ground to demonstrate dw it is assisting the mining in istry by being hired out for test rilling. It’s in such demand that it booked ahead for several years.

With the drill—a Bethune 400 — lere was its operator, a Waria itive named Mera, who although e lacks formal education, quickly loved from labourer to operator of le equipment and is now in sole large of the drill and of its work ig team, without supervision.

Halls of Agriculture The “Halls of Agriculture” were ot exactly marbled halls—they ere of bush timber and thatched >ofs —but there the farmers of Wau fid district had the fruits of the irth well displayed.

Former Assistant District Officer, irned farmer, Lloyd Hurrell, got Ef with the honours for general ?riculture, and first prize for the Bst overall Show exhibits. Second /erall was pioneer old-timer Mick eahy.

Mr. Hurrell’s display of farm pro iice included wool, sunflower seeds, hole corn, cracked corn, “ham lered” com, sorghum, eggs, pota >es and other vegetables, jams, allies, chutneys, milk, honey, pea uts, strawberries, coffee. Other ex ibits by him in other sections in- Euded dairy cattle, geese, ducks, ens and dogs.

Wau bases its economic fortunes on gold, coffee and timber, and now mixed farming, but there was not much at the Show to highlight the coffee industry. But perhaps Wau people thought that wasn’t needed — the visitor had only to look out across the beautiful valley to see 500 acres of coffee scattered about in large and small blocks.

Commonwealth New Guinea Timbers Ltd. and New Guinea Gold fields Ltd. had a big-time display of hoop and klinkii pine, and an ultra-modern line of plywoods and plywood furniture.

There were the sidelights.

There was, for instance, the work ing model of a Five Head Stamp Battery for handling gold-bearing ore, a neat bit of work made by a

Papuan apprentice fitter, Harry Pidian, from Dam, who had his work displayed alongside a model mine ore bin fabricated by fellow apprentice Jonatana Vartova.

Eleven-year-old Geoffrey Pascoe, of Wau Primary School, showed his skill with a doll’s house of ply wood; the furniture he made him self, even to stitching the bed quilts. It got him first prize in the children’s woodworking section.

One enterprising local New"

Guinean applied for and obtained a refreshment booth concession at the- Show, erected his booth near the native exhibits and did a roaring, trade in tea, lolly water and a cooked meal of rice and meat.

Little Wau’s eleventh Show was a wow!

[?]ramount Luluai Ninga, of the Wau Valley, [?]th the small wallaby he exhibited at the Wau Show. Paramount Luluai Ninga is an out [?]anding leader of the Wau Valley people, and [?]es a great deal towards promoting their general welfare.

Photo: K. Vellacott-Jones.

The South Pacific Will Aid Project Mercury

From Ralph Craib, in San Francisco A gigantic United States multi-million dollar space research programme is prompting greatly increased official American interest in the South Pacific.

PE latest important announce ment is that Pacific tracking stations will be a vital part of Project Mercury, which America xpects will be the West’s first ffort to put a manned satellite into rbit around the earth.

A 25-million-dollar world-wide ystem of tracking stations, includi ng the Pacific ones, will be com peted in 1960.

The National Aeronautics and Ipace Administration have con- Lrmed to PIM that the Pacific tations will include one each at Janton Island, the BSIP and lawaii and that there will possibly ie two in Australia —at Perth and ,t the Woomera Rocket Range.

“Sites at Canton and in the k)lomons are under negotiation at his moment, and it is impossible o pin-point their exact positions low,” said a NASA official.

He said that the Canton and SSIP stations will cost about 1-million each. Each station will lave a staff of about 20 to 25 cientists and technicians, who will ►perate equipment installed in large ruck-trailer vans. This will enable equipment to be moved elsewhere ater.

Present plans, the NASA man aid, were for the use of caravans o house the staff.

“Very little construction is needed hr the Pacific tracking installa tions,” he said. “All that is wanted s a concrete platform about six hot square, on which would be nounted several small antennae.”

Meanwhile, space pilots for

Project Mercury are now in train ing in the US.

There will probably be a series of five flights, each lasting from 4h to 27 hours.

As things appear at present, the space capsule will travel in an orbit extending 30 degrees north and south of the equator—which means that ground monitoring stations must be located within the area.

The stations will have almost constant communication with the capsule as it travels some 100 miles above the earth; equipment

will be capable of monitoring the pilot’s life support (breathing and heating) system, the physiological reactions of the pilot and the re entry equipment.

The first manned space flight is planned, at present, for 1961 or 1962 “depending on the number and degree of problems encountered in the current developmental phase of the project”, NASA said.

The Big Time

America’s first big Pacific space age effort was made late in 1958 when the US Navy established the National Pacific Missile Range, an area that extends south and west from Southern California for 5,000 miles. It’s an area that is already of importance in satellite and guided missile launching. (Over)

These are the proposed sites for the tracking stations which the Americans hope to use for Project Mercury—the West’s first effort to put a manned satellite into orbit around the earth.

Rear Admiral Jack Monroe, -mimanding officer of the range :id of the Naval Missile Test acility, has predicted an eventual ivestment of $4-billion in the mge.

It is now in use by Royal Air orce and United States Air Force •ews learning to fire guided dssiles.

There is no danger of chunks of ardware falling upon islanders, le admiral told PIM.

“I would say the danger is so imote that there is no danger at 11. These things are difficult to iiarantee 100 per cent. But the jsk is so small that any reason ble man should be perfectly filing to take it,” Admiral Monroe lid.

Admiral Monroe has previously cknowledged that it would be ossible to fire missiles from lalifornia west to the Eniwetok tomic Proving Grounds in the larshall Islands. But he said there 'ere no plans for such a programme t the moment.

The Pacific is ideal for rocket ge scientists because of its vast mpty areas, the Admiral added, •he Atlantic was a “small fish ond” by comparison.

Manus, in the Admiralty Islands and a part of the Australian New Guinea Trust Territory, is one of the locations tipped as an American satellite tracking station. But it should he a tracking station in a big way, if some of the American newspapers know anything.

According to these reports, Manus has been proposed to the US Government by a big Los Angeles engineering firm. The pro gramme suggested would cost $lOO million and take seven years to complete. It would be built in con junction with a $39 million rocket launching station which would be located on Hawaii Island.

The newspapers have mentioned Nauru and Ocean Island and Aitutaki, in the Cooks, as other possible sites, since a big party of high-level boffins made a flight

down through Christmas, Aitutaki, Nadi and Honiara, with an aerial look at Nauru and/or Ocean and Tarawa. That was early last year.

Since then the Americans have been building “something” at Tarawa, American aircraft being fairly frequent callers at Bonriki in recent months. It may be assumed that this has something to do with the recent attempts by the Ameri cans to launch and recover a “capsule ” by aircraft using nets, over the eastern Pacific.

The possibilities of Manus, how ever, will probably come to nothing.

Getting Used To It

NSECT resistance to DDT and other insecticides seriously complicates the fight against lalaria, yellow-fever, typhus and ther diseases transmitted by in lets. So far, 50 species of insects -including flies, mosquitoes, roaches, ed-bugs, lice and ticks —are re orted as being resistant in various arts of the world to one or more [ the new insecticides.

The situation has recently been in Geneva by an expert jmmittee of the World Health rganisation (WHO), as the culmin tion of two years of research.

Tests of mosquito resistance that ere developed through the efforts f the Committee are being applied i many parts of the world, with le result that WHO has today a jasonably complete picture of hich malaria mosquitoes, where, re how resistant to what insecti ide.

This knowledge is vital to the suc ess of the world eradication of lalaria undertaken by WHO.

Tests for resistance in other in- Bcts, including bed-bugs and fleas, r ere defined at the session.

The Committee made detailed on insect control lethods in the light of the latest isecticide research and field ex erie n c e. The recommendations over not only mosquitoes but other isects of public-health importance, s well as pests such as rats, mice nd scorpions. Campaigns against

scorpions have been undertaken, notably in Brazil.

The experts have concentrated on two kinds of insect resistance: Physiological resistance, by which populations of insects, over a num ber of generations, acquire increased tolerance for the insecticides; and hehaviouristic resistance, by which insect populations change their habits so as to avoid contact with the insecticide.

Both kinds of resistance are hereditary. Irritability of mosquitoes when resting on surfaces sprayed with, for example, DDT, is one of the points on which the Committee is now arranging further investiga tions. The time mosquitoes spend between alighting and flying off again may, in successive genera tions, become shorter and permit the insects to survive. Mosquitoes that are not irritated sufficiently by

the poison absorb a lethal dose and die, while the others go on breed ing.

The WHO Expert Committee on Insecticides also investigated the efficiency of insect control methods in aircraft. At present, methods vary from country to country, and there is no internationally accepted way of testing their effectiveness.

In the past, this has led to diffi culties and passenger delays.

One of the dangers to be guarded against here, is that of mosquitoes with yellow fever reaching countries in Asia where the disease does not exist, but where mosquitoes that can transmit it, do. Here again, it is insect resistance which complicates matters.

This world brains trust of the insect war was chaired by Dr. J. R.

Busvine, of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

The Missions’ Role In Education

I was appointed Director of Education on September 1, 1958, and two weeks later the Minister discussed educational policy with me.

I outlined a plan, already discussed with the Administra tor, for Universal Primary Education and Universal Literacy in English. This was accepted in principle by the Minister.

Later, it was worked out in detail and received his approval in January, 1959.

HE plan recognises the need, as an indispensable condition of “social, economic and political irelopment” for every child of 1001 age to have a school to go rurthermore, if the people of this intry are ever to be united, they ist have a common language; and it cannot be Motu, Kote, Pidgin, lanua, Dobuan, or anything but world language, which means vracy in English.

S. survey of our resources shows it it is quite out of the question establish universal primary acation through Government lools alone. Under the most rourable circumstances circum nces more favourable than we are ely to have —at the end of 10,15 or years we might have 100,000 ildren in Government schools; but ‘ estimated potential school pulation is 400,000—and, thanks the Department of Health, this mber is likely to increase rapidly.

Che only practicable way of pro iing schooling for all is by an ;ension and improvement of ssion schools. fhere are in this country, at the ?sent time, 285 Administration lools and between 600 and 700 gistered or Recognised mission lools. A Registered school is one ich has been approved by a de rtmental inspector as satisfying r requirements of efficiency. A cognised school is one in which effort is being made to reach the ndards desired. itive Teachers—How and Where? 1 part from these Registered and cognised schools there are thous ds of Exempt mission schools, impt from the provisions of the iinance and receiving no Govern nt aid because their teachers are qualified and not competent to ich English even at the lowest el. tfany of th c se Exempt schools are worthy of the name and it is ex mely easy for a patrol officer, or * Area Education Officer, to write >orts about them in scathing ms. rhe essence of my plan is that j Department, instead of wash

ing its hands of the Exempt schools, should endeavour to raise them to an acceptable standard. Thus, un qualified teachers who are not com pletely hopeless, may be given short courses of training which qualify them, not for a Teacher’s Certificate, but for a Permit to Teach. This will not entitle them to receive a financial grant-in-aid, but it will entitle the school to receive an issue of school material.

To enable the Department to organise the in-service training of native teachers, both mission and Administration, and to make pos sible the annual inspection of all Primary schools, the organisation of the Department has been changed.

The Divisions of Native and Non- Native Education have been re placed with the Divisions of Primary and Secondary Education.

The establishment of inspectors and District Education Officers has been increased: and numbers of Area Education Officers have been posted who are not responsible for the management of a single school, but for the in-service training of teachers in a group of schools.

The key to the whole problem is teacher training.

There has been a remarkable im provement in mission schools since the basis of payment of grant-in aid was altered from school enrol ment to staff qualifications.

Since mission candidates have been permitted to sit for depart mental examinations for the award of a Teacher’s Certificate, some 1,200 native teachers have qualified, and are receiving grants-in-aid.

Payments to the missions this financial year are at the rate of £5O

Leading Catholic missionary, Father J. Dwyer, of Rabaul, and P-NG Director of Education, Mr. G. T. Roscoe, photographed together in Bris bane in November, where they attended the South Pacific Commission’s Regional Education Seminar.

r each “A” certificated teacher, £7O r a “B” certificated teacher, and for a “C” certificated teacher, le missions are expected to pay is sum to a teacher as a living owance. While native teacher linees are in residence at teachers’ lieges the mission receives a ant of £3O per annum for their lintenance. rhis year, for the first time, a lintenance grant of £2O per num will be paid in respect of w admissions to Mission Inter jdiate schools. This is in recogni n of the fact that it is from e Intermediate schools the ichers’ colleges obtain candidates : teacher training. [Editor’s Note; There have been terations in some of these figures ice this address was given].

ome Teacher Training Problems

Last year there was a very big jrease in the number of qualified tive teachers; 300 candidates from ssion teachers’ colleges obtained sir Teachers’ Certificates. This ar the number will be consider ly less. [ had hoped to see a progressive pansion of teacher training on b part of the missions—knowing ite well that for every new teacher ailable for posting, 30 more pupils aid be admitted to school. How- Br, I am advised by mission rep sentatives that there are serious ficulties in the way of any great pansion of teacher training, rhere is great wastage at the yer levels. In the poorer mission lools, pupils reach adolescence thout passing beyond Standard 11. the majority of Primary schools, th Administration and mission, my pupils leave at Standard IV, d even of those who reach andard VI, and wish to continue eir education, not many can do so, cause there is only limited accom odation at Intermediate schools.

Boarding schools are costly to ild and the maintenance of the pils cannot be done entirely by e efforts of the pupils themselves.

All boarding schools have food gardens; but if the children grow enough food to feed themselves, their school-work is neglected. If departmental requirements are to be met so far as efficient teaching is concerned, garden produce must be supplemented with bought rations — and this costs money.

The intake to mission teachers’ colleges is limited by the output of Primary and Intermediate schools; but there are additional difficulties in providing suitable buildings for teachers’ colleges, in providing qualified European staff, and in maintaining the trainees. A teacher in training must be fully maintained, and I am assured that this cannot be done for less than £5O per year.

One of the reproaches levelled at the Department of Education by its critics is that native pupils are be ing prepared for white-collar jobs and that few such jobs will be available, ~, , Jobs tor educated Natives This criticism is quit© unfair. The Department does recognise the need for balanced development, and knows quite well that extension of Primary education would be useless if it were not accompanied by com munity development and economic progress.

Prior to 1956, community develop ment was a function of the Depart ment of Education; but in that year it was recognised that the provision of formal schooling for all the

children of this Territory is a big enough responsibility for any iirector. The tasks of community development and economic advance nent were in that year transferred X) the Department of Native Affairs.

Dbviously close liaison must still be naintained with the Department of Education.

The Department of Education nust accept responsibility for vocational training, but the business if vocational placement and the de velopment of industries are jobs vith which the school-master should not be expected to cope.

Something has been achieved in the field of technical education. In deed, we have three fine Technical schools at Idubada, Lae and Mala ;una, which provide vocational training for apprentices and native tradesmen; but this form of tech nical education is not enough. It provides tradesmen to work with,

and for, Europeans, but it takes the trainees away fom their village communities to which they are not likely to return.

Something is needed for primary pupils who do not advance beyond Standard IV before attaining the age of adolescence.

We have started, at Kundiawa (in the Chimbu Sub-district) a Local Government Technical School, in which boys will be trained, not with modern machinery, but in the use of simple hand tools which are likely to be available in the native community. It is hoped that they will not crowd to the townships but will stay among their own people and improve the standard of hous ing, furniture and general comfort.

I would like to see this country covered with a network of such Local Government Technical schools, completing the work of the Native Local Government Primary schools.

I would also like to see a low level course of agricultural training provided in association with the technical training—all this for boys who are not likely to make progress beyond Standard IV, or at any rate Standard VI.

It must be made clear that this Department has no intention what ever of invading the fields of agri cultural extension. Having some ex perience of project clubs in Queens land schools, I know quite well that you cannot improve the agricultural practices of parents by teaching agriculture to the pupils. You can, however, predispose the pupils to favourable reception of agricultural extension work when they them selves are adults.

I have, in fact, submitted to the Minister through the Administrator, a plan for agricultural training in schools; but quite obviously we can not divert much of our attention to this special branch until we are get ting somewhere with Universal literacy in English.

A new Youth Club—the first—has been formed at Aitutaki Island to encourage the performance of traditional songs and dances, aid charities, and to generally bring the young people together. The chair man is Mrs. Maria Henderson, and the secretary Teremoana Tangaroa.

Lae Intermediate School

A sample of what is being done in the field of native education in Papua-New Guinea is this new Intermediate school for native students at Lae, finishing touching to which were being made by workmen in December. The top photo graph shows a dormitory; below it, painters work on a classroom; the third photograph shows a view of the mess hall; and the building at the bottom is part of the teachers' quarters.

There will be about 75 native students when the school opens early this year, but later it will be enlarged.

Photos: Pat Robertson.

P-Ng

This is the second oj three articles on Papua-New Guinea education, extracted from an address given by the P-NG Director oj Edu cation, Mr. G. T. Roscoe, to the P-NG Regional Group oj the Royal Insti tute of Public Administra tion, in Port Moresby. It provides the best sum mary yet oj the difficulties experienced in the task oj educating Papua-New Guinea. The first article was published in Decem ber, the final one will appear in February.

The new Suva Grammar •School, located well out of the city on the Suva point coast %nd adjoining the new Catholic teachers’ training college, will come into use at the beginning of the 1960 school year. To it will transfer pupils from the existing separate Boys’ and Girls’ Grammar Schools. The former will close down, but the latter will become a junior primary school.

Education In The Cooks They’re “Spiritually And Culturally Confused"

The challenge of education is the biggest that any South Pacific Terri tory has to face. A particular facet )/ the problem in the Cook Islands s outlined in this extract from a oaper presented in Brisbane in No vember to the South Pacific Com nission’s Education Seminar, by the Director of Education in the Cook Islands, Mr. R. D. McEwan: k MAJOR problem is the heavy CX annual migration to New Zea land labour of many better roung Cook Islands teachers with nitiative, thrift and ambition.

This wastage and the general one vay exodus poses several educa lional problems, perhaps the most lifficult of which is the building up >f a sense of pride of race and love )f country in children and teachers, jonsistent with the ancient and itrong family, with political and ‘conomic ties to New Zealand, and vith the diversity of the scattered sland communities comprising the IJook Island Group.

A committee of Maori and Euro >ean teachers is at work now con jdering a basis from the common Polynesian heritage of the Cook islands for evolving a teacher-train ng and schools syllabus and how o put it into effect.

This part of Polynesia is spiritu illy and culturally confused, with jravely weakened or lost arts and :rafts. With no research staff and tfew Zealand teachers having as yet ittle Islands teaching experience, his is a project in which we shall leed considerable help.

It is, of course, relatively easy to lold teachers to bonded periods of ocal service following training, but hese are short (three years for ocally trained, five years New Zea and trained), and teachers un villingly restrained beyond these >eriods would be of little value.

Deep Rooted Attraction The steady general migration to Zealand also implies that Cook islands teachers and schools must jive the best possible primary train ng to potential New Zealand •esidents, to equip them in some neasure for future social and economic adjustments to their new environment.

The attraction of New Zealand for Dock Islanders is deep-rooted and vide-spread, migration being limited nainly to available transport.

It is a composite indefinable lure flawing the Islanders, as it did their

forefathers, to New Zealand (which is vaguely their metropolis) with opportunities for educational and economic improvement, for rejoin ing earlier family migrants, for travel, for pleasure, and for escape from the limitation of home island environments or irksome customs

or responsibilities.

All Cook Islanders enjoy New Zealand citizenship from birth.

TEAL may increase the frequency of its Auckland-Brisbane flights next winter to extend over a four months period. The results of the 1959 trial service were very satis factory, over 1,350 passengers being carried in 13 return flight with the average aircraft loading at 50 passengers. Maximum load is 55 passengers.

Many Cook Is. Students Studying Overseas

According to Cook Islands News, about 80 young Cook Islanders are at present studying overseas on government scholarships or aid plans.

Of these, 31 were at secondary schools in New Zealand during the year, eight were at teachers’ train ing colleges, six at university colleges, 12 receiving trade and pro fessional training, 13 at Avale Agricultural College in Western Samoa —the new central institution for farm training of New Zealand Island Territorians, 10 at the Central Medical School in Fiji, two of which were doing post-graduate studies.

Pacific Islands Monthly

Magazine Section

Where Is That Secret Bunker?

OMEWHERE in the jungle fast -1 nesses of the interior of Espiritu Santo—Santos to you merican ex-servicemen, correction, tsrans —there is a secret wartime adquarters that no one can find except maybe some of you terans! And there’s probably a mdy-sized tip awaiting someone io will produce the goods on a

>-cure-no-pay basis.

It seems that the scrap boys are i its trail. They have a hunch — ■thing more, no secret maps, faded lotos—that there may be a lot commercially valuable scrap ing round that spot. They say that any people on the island have arched for it, and some think that may have bsen secretly found.

The story is that when the Jap lese were advancing through the ■lomons the Americans made plans r a last-ditch stand at Santo, lere they had accumulated huge icks of equipment. A secret com

mand post was established —using entirely American military labour.

Trucks driven by the “locals” with construction materials went so far and no further. They handed over to American military drivers who completed the journey, and when the bunker was completed consider able quantities of military stores, foodstuffs and clothing went in.

The scrap men figure that all this material would probably have been left where it stood, as it was in many other places, when the troops pulled out and they want to find it.

Only clue that someone might have found something is that Tonkinese and others still show up wearing brand new American military cloth ing, but the scrap men admit that there are probably numerous small dumps of materials still to be located in the jungle, and such clothing might have come from these.

What they want is at least a look at that last-ditch camp.

They Won't Argue

With This One IF Japan’s latest invention comes to Fiji it looks as though the die-hard supporters of the old system of spelling Fijian words will have to give ground.

The invention, which has been built and satisfactorily tested by professors of the electronics depart ment of Kyoto University, prints the spoken language directly in Roman letters —or in Japanese char acters if you prefer that model.

To perform this extraordinary feat it uses about 300 radio tubes and 600 transistors, and it operates on a phonetic system—so Fiji’s “q’s” will certainly be out, and the “Nadi’s” will automatically have their “n’s” inserted. It is said to be ruthlessly candid with the “Orstry leeun” accent, and only Scotsmen will be able to read off the brand of “English” used there.

Even so, it appears to have enormous potentialities in the South Pacific’s multi-lingual Islands.

Pacific Pottery —500 Years BC AN Auckland University team, together with Noumea museum authorities, is searching for ancient pottery on the Isle of Pines, south-east of New Caledonia.

The party of four New Zealanders, led by Mr. J. Golson, a history lecturer at the University, are en gaged in carrying out excavations on the south coast of the island until late February.

The expedition is the result of a find of pottery by an American team in 1948. Some of those finds were similar to pottery found in the past on New Caledonia which was proved to date back to 500 BC.

Bread—On the Quiet THE Rarotonga bakers will still be allowed to sell their bread on Sundays, but only before 7 a.m. and between 5.30 p.m. and 7 p.m.— and they won’t be allowed to blow their conch horns to advertise their wares in future.

That was the result of a debate at a recent Rarotonga Island Coun

cil meeting. Although bread has always been sold on Sundays, it was against the law. The law has now been amended.

Learning the Hard Way

THE most popular former method of seconded civil servants and other strangers learning the Cook Islands language the “sleeping dictionary” now appears to be “out”, at least officially. A thriving class of 40, mainly civil servants and their wives of well beyond the normal student age, has just com pleted a two-year language course with a 4i-hour written and oral examination.

Heading the graduates was Chief Judge Kay. Others mentioned: Chief Surveyor A. Bailey, Social Development Chief T. Muir and his wife, and other well known person alities, Messrs. A. Moreland, A.

Tucker, B. Lucy, O. Sullivan, and D.

McMahon.

The lecturer was Mr. Taira Rere.

Real, Honest-to-Goodness

Shipwrecked Sailors

r!ERE’S no doubt that a few years in the Islands leave a memory that time can never wash out. It’s the lotus touch.

Nobody who was aboard the Melusia alongside Makambo wharf one night in 1924 will forget the scene when the crew of the Mascot arrived.

They were fresh from the Santa Cruz group where they had been castaway for six weeks after the wreck of their schooner on the reef at Utupua, BSI.

Melusia had just arrived from Sydney with a bunch of goggle eyed tourists. Were those trippers thrilled when the Mascot’s men came aboard! Sunburnt, with eight weeks’ beards and clad in the flap ping remains of sailcloth trousers, trade singlets and Utupua-made leaf hats they spelled romance with a capital R. The tourists’ first night in the Islands and they met a ship wrecked crew!

“Come and have a drink sailor.

Tell us about the shipwreck.”

“Have dinner at our table, sail Here, your glass is almost empt l We were the lions of the event as passengers fell over each other entertain us, bombarding us wi questions and lapping up t answers. If Islands colour was wh they were looking for they got by the bucketful that night.

When Carpenter’s whaleboat car about 9 o’clock a couple of us we across to Tulagi in her and up the mess where we had kept o go-ashore clothes. After we had r moved the beards and stains travel we got ourselves up proper and went back aboard the Melus\ And what an anti-climax that wa In neatly-pressed pants, shlri ties and shiny shoes we were i different from any other of tl Melusia’s visitors. One of us W; even taken for a clerk from Level office!

The gilt was off the gingerbrea and we had to watch those of 01 shipmates who were still in costun getting the lion’s share of the part Still, I’m glad for the tourists sai that they got their money’s worl of local colour that Tulagi nigh

Bill Baverstoc

Switching To Bookies?

SOME intriguing advertisemen appear from time to time in tl Cook Islands News, and one j December must have left oversea readers wondering whether t h bookies are taking over financi: affairs associated with Rarotonga occasional beach horse-race mee ings.

Tenders were being called f< the purchase of the tote-house—ar the owner was to donate the prc ceeds of the sale to the Cripple Children’s Society.

On Personal Experiences r' the people of the Australia Islands’ Territories, Canben is a kind of hell hole of ovei paid, brusque, public servants wit shiny pants. I had this viewpoir in mind recently when I found mj self in Canberra, and what’s mor attempting to find somebody in th Department of Territories. The De partment has two separate build ings some way apart and the visitc who expects to make quick head way is doomed to failure, as I wa; But that wasn’t the fault of th staff. Wherever I turned, whereve I made an inquiry, as a loj stranger, I was greeted with polite ness and helpfulness. I later com mented on this situation to som friends in the Press Gallery. “N need to be surprised,” they saic “The Territories Department peopl always go out of their way to hel; anybody and everybody.” In tha case, the fact should be recorded

SI.

Canoe

[?]au, New Guinea, has just had an Agricultural Show (see elsewhere this issue) but this scene was [?]ken at the Lae Show a little earlier. It was Lae's first Show, and this float won first prize [?]r Administration Transport. The "canoe" was built over a Land Rover stripped down to its chassis.

Photo: Pat Robertson.

Across

1. —What is the capital of the Orkneys? 6. —What Australian town has been illuminated by natural gas? 7. —What dye was named after a battle? 8. —Of which of the United States is Albany the capital? 9. —What tradesmen make printing plates? 10. —What is the square portion at the base of a column? 12. —What bands of workmen were formed to smash machinery? 13. What cat came from the Isle of

(For solution see page 99)

Man? 14. —What could be a plant or a wise man? 16.—What is the term for a law enacted by Parliament? 18. —What was the capital of the ancient Assyrian Empire? 19. —What central line is usually in visible? 20. —Who wrote "Seven Little Aus tralians"?

—Do W N

I.—What name has been given to a mining town in Australia and South Africa?

2. —What name has been given to those persons directly re sponsible for the execu tion of Charles I? 3. —What legendary character has been con demned to walk the earth until the Second Coming? 4. —What does Pisa's tower do? 5. —What was Eliza beth Browning's maiden name? 6. —What is the little wheel in a spur? 10. —What character was created by P. G.

Wodehouse? 11. —What part of a car causes the spark plugs to operate? 15. —What quartz has coloured layers? 16. What is the sub division of a tribe in Ireland? 17. —What drop is secreted by the lachry mal gland?

'Prettiest Girls In New Guinea'

“The prettiest girls in this part of the Pacific,” is how P-NG malaria expert. Dr. Peters, described the girls of the Mortlock and Tasman Islands in December. “Why, they’re beautiful,” he said. “. . . .

And they are the happiest people in the world.”

Dr. Peters might be right at that, so long as “this part of the Pacific” definitely refers to Papua-New Guinea. The Territory is not exactly noted for the beauty of its indigenous females. They are not in the same class as the Samoans and the Tongans.

When it comes to tissying themselves up, pretty fashion, the warriors outshine the ladies in most areas of P-NG.

I visited the Mortlocks and Tasmans (they are about 300 miles north-east of Bougainville—out where the NG Trust Territory ends) in 1955 and, like Dr.

Peters, I was struck by the good-looks of the local girls in comparison to what is offering elsewhere in the Dark Islands.

Geographically, the Mortlock Islanders (who are happier and better looking than those on the Tas mans) are Melanesians, but in most other ways they are Polynesians. They are colourful remnants, long since intermingled, of people who migrated from Polynesia at a time so long ago that their story has been erased from memory. They have light brown skins, not the tar black of the Solomons. There are big men in the Mortlocks and big women, after the Polynesian fashion. The name of Tauu, which is another name for the Mortlocks, is a reference to Samoa, and many of the islands of the atoll bear Samoan names although the islanders do not know their meaning.

Their singing has a Polynesian lilt to it, and so have their dances —the girls in this picture were dancing to their own song as I photographed them.

The Mortlocks are off the tourist routes and visitors are not welcome by the P-NG Administration. The islanders have little immunity to outside diseases because of their comparative isolation.

Log books of some of the early Pacific voyagers told of heavily manned canoes of Mortlock Islanders,

looking for blood. As recently as the middle of last century a whaler and its entire crew were destroyed by the then numerous Mortlock people. But the gods were not kind, and by the end of last century the population had dropped with astonishing rapidity.

In 1909, it was 20. But now it’s on the increase and

there are 300 to 400 Tauu islanders.

Stuart Inder.

From JUDY TUDOR, Aboard the MS “Willem Ruys”. one o?the few speak the ri § ht ki " d of language, but Easter Island heaved itself out' hav £ an econom y hased on pants. When on this packet had their LnH k f sea ’ at dawn on December 1, a hundred or so Yanks out there* on 109 ? 6 by pardcular facet of travel - The island, away sands of miles from anywhere and off °7 ‘ ’f e 3 Uat f ° r J~ a blown - awa y speck thou- Islands I never expected to see myself. b aten track of shl P s was one of tbe Pacific

TT was an unscheduled pause in J. this 12-day passage across the tinn P n?‘ fl t C >,T a p ?. u ? e lor the edllica

“l" the retiring captain, who

probably never expects to see it for aU fhp ei rii er ' and °? ly incidentally passengers'™' 31011 ° f Ws I'ooo-°dd 1 ' 000 -° dd The call was unscheduled for the nmre r ecma^tn 8 ’ tb° 0 ’ bUt more equal to the occasion than lng We a re 'd^i. t n in i mlnutes of anchor mg a dozen long, narrow-euttprf boats had put out from the shore each manned by a dozen men and with hS n each r of wh om was equipped with a calico flour-bag full of

SSSaSLT* “ces anl

They Were Prepared

Without any of the preliminaries

tes s-jass *s

decks and in passage ways, in a matter of minutes.

The story is that the island gets PVArT? 1 * supply shi P from Chile ? nths and is seldom visited by other vessels—certainly Wh 01 ? 6 £ f v this siz e. This seems 1 .believe, unless out there they go in for Boy Scouting in a big w ay and are prepared for anv

ity - T„ he shells wertS-t

five 1 minute™ the Carvings made in In such a meeting as this the of ng ThP B i diff * culty is eas ily disposed r a T2 de / S .l oon made it p lain Duih r,nS S $ ’ the £st S- and the m? u - der were nothing in their rJrpi Their English and our Spanish RiiL r c OS n ab T the Good Morning Buenos Dias level, but there are more ways than one of telling a the most desirable thing about him is his pants. of T snaL course, a whole lot oi snags in this kind of trading.

The islanders are mostly of the sli] built, Micronesian type, but he] and there is the huge Polynesia whose ambition to own a pair < pants and a jacket seems to increased with girth. One larg bloke, who would have looked moi at home in Samoa, held out to th bitter end for a jacket and slact and when the only taker was a pint sized American with a pint-size spare suit, the offer was turned dow flat. He toted his huge carving bac to the island.

American tourists seem to b equipped to meet most emergencies but as the majority of thes perennial globe-trotters seem to b superannuated widows of uncertai] vintage, few of them had supplie of men’s pants, shirts, and jacket* But not to be outdone, they raidei the bar for cartons of cigarette* bottles of brandy, and burrowei into suitcases for dresses that woul< have done for an afternoon strol down Fifth Avenue.

Cartons of cigarettes changed tnds for flimsy strings of small ells; trades of one bottle of brandy :ainst a small carving were Locked back (although the trader timated that he might consider re bottles); and the Fifth Avenue esses were a drug on the market, ith e r Momma Easter Islander jars slacks, jackets or shirts (at pinch), or nothing.

Not any old garment would do. mts were acceptable only after ey had been inspected for flaws id holes and measured for size.

I never have been able to swallow is business of the Poor Exploited lander. Not in my time have whole oonut plantations changed hands r a pound of salt and a bush life. But in the realms of Pacific immerce, these Easter Islanders ive a few tricks they could teach ieir brethren to the westward.

To be sure, they had struck pay rt in having a hundred or so

(Continued on page 95)

This rare view of Easter Island, a com posite photograph, was taken by a pas senger aboard the "Willem Ruys", Mrs.

O. Erlanger, as the ship approached from the west. Easter Island is roughly a triangle and this is one of its sides.

At right, the islanders come aboard— note their narrow boats. Below, pas sengers and islanders go in for some bargaining.

innocent globe-trotting Yanks cor ralled together in one spot, at the end of 10 boring days of wide and lonely ocean with nothing to spend money on but grog, the ship’s civilised shop and a hair-do. But even allowing for that windfall, the Easter Islanders’ idea of values is extraordinary.

In these days a First Class, gentleman’s suiting costs up and over £4O; a modest pair of grey slacks can’t be replaced under £7/10/-. A carton of cigarettes or a bottle of brandy are peanuts, but represent a considerable sum to most unsophisticated islanders. In this part of the Pacific they rate only a string of shells that could be picked up in places like Suva for a couple of bob.

Some of the small carvings were well done; many of the larger ones were crude. All showed the influ ence of mission school, or some form of modern instruction. None could be considered genuine “primitive art”. Probably their real value, in any of the more accessible Pacific ports, would be from 10/- to 25/-.

Green, Pleasant

Easter Island, as we saw it, was a green, pleasant place; the “village” a scattering of red-roofed houses in amongst clumps of trees. The huge Pacific rollers with nothing to stop them for thousands of miles south to Antarctica, beat continually on the shore. A road, tree-bordered in places, leads over the lowest part of the ridge and disappears. There were patches of cultivation; and on the higher grass slopes “burning off” was in progress. It could have been a chunk bitten out of the far south coast of NSW; or even a distant prospect of the Isle of Man on a summer day.

There was no sign of the airstrip that was to be in operation “by the end of 1958”, to put a new air service across the South Pacific be

tween Santiago and Sydney. (But one of the two Top Brass that came on board from a motor-boat was wearing air force uniform).

Nor, even through binoculars, were there any signs of the statues that are Easter Island’s trade mark to the world. ♦ * * Mr. Thor Heyerdahl and his buddies are still trying to settle the

larger questions of Pacific migrations and the riddle of Easter Island.

Well leave them to it; but it is easy to see how a few of the minor problems mix and mingle out here in the blue Pacific.

Out of Wellington, encouraged by the air-conditioning inside this ship and the blizzard cold of the Roaring 40’s, in which this outfit chooses to make the Pacific crossing to Callao (port of Lima) Peru, one of the best cold-germs seen this season developed on board.

At the time we hung off-and-on Easter, most of us were blowing and bronching. It’s a pair of pants to a wood carving that a few days after we departed, the same furious flu cold developed amongst our visitors, on their isolated Pacific speck.

But the trade wasn’t all the one way. Crawling on some of the carv ings when the islanders whipped them out of their calico bags were pear-shaped, brown and orange spotted bugs of the lady-bird variety.

Now, 11 days later, and one day out of Miami, a select colony of the bugs—maybe harmless, maybe not—are still flourishing up on the lido deck near the swimming pool.

Let’s hope the fussy US authorities we are due to meet tomorrow morn ing don’t get to hear about it.

The Kokoda Trail

By Basil Hall

Such acquaintance as I had with Sir Hubert Murray, began when he bailed me up behind his dining room door to ask what the devil I was doing in Port Moresby. The occasion was an evening towards the end of 1938, when the Old Man (as everyone called him) turned on one of his infrequent inner parties at Konedobu, and showed the kind of host he could be when the mood was on him.

-A^een^„ Hubert had Papua L f l o e r Ut^ an i;°° Vernor °i in the fleldof ’ J are ? ord tion Hp Sd Lon ft, 1 admmistratraha hid tV 3 hen Aus " hours 6 Germans for neightt o , , . to pttnKMci, ° A ffic F s , had helped to establish the Australian mandate

thpfj Ger pans surrendered

iqis P°™ on of New Guinea in on thp nl j l ° W ’ . Wlt .h the Germans thai ii,P- rod i a £ am » there were signs Srf?? a - h £s and imitators, the

brhfg Guinea

into it once more S W Gumea That was what he wanted to tniv about. wanted to talk I could tpii hirv, T , , m only what I had

learned in the course of a trip begun in Fiji, and continued In leisurely fashion through the New Hebrides and into New Caledonia, When Hitler had won his way at Munich, I had seen French reservists in Noumea reading the firs t of the warning orders that Preface mobilisation. It was a time of taut nerves, when a careless crack could buy an argument, if not a fight, as easily in the Fiji club as in the more relaxed atmos- Phere of Madame Reid’s in Vila. • ™ ere a nese in New Caledonia; most of whom Were . rec - ent ar f l Y als brought in to operate iron mining concessions on the east coast, where production was on a scale sufficient to turn

Sir Hubert Murray was a man of vision, says this writer, who recalls the time when . . .

At left, Sir Hubert Murray, the most famous of Papua's administrators, photographed towards the end of his long term, among the Papuans for whom he did so much.

around a 10,000-ton ore freighter in three days.

Noumea was like a garrison town.

Under the French system of compulsory military service, it was the training centre for the western Pacific zone. Permanent Army personnel belonging to the in structional staff were all over the place, and ready enough to talk about the 2,000 young men who were in their charge.

Coming from all walks of life, many of those recruits were to find a place in units of the Free French forces, who fought so well at Bir Hakeim in the Western Desert.

It was anyone’s guess, then, as to what the Jap’s intentions were, but, whatever way the cat jumped, the French appeared to be in better shape to meet the future than most of us.

Dining Room Door But, what began in mock solemnity behind Sir Hubert’s din ing room door in Port Moresby, extended over a week spent in the official yacht, Laurabada, at the Old Man’s invitation.

It was beginning to look as if a certain pattern was forming around the Marshall and Caroline islands, which Japan had closed to foreign observation in 1935. Sir Hubert discussed this, and other points of Japanese expansion.

In addition to the 151,000 Japanese who lived in Hawaii before the war, there was a colony of 15,000 of them in Mindanao in the southern Philippines.

And, while interest in New Caledonia could be explained by a need for raw materials, it was doubtful whether trade alone was responsible for a Japanese settle ment on the shores of Geelvink Bay in Dutch New Guinea, where some old German plantations had been taken over by a branch of the Nanyo Kohatsu Kaisha (South Sea Development Company), who were known to enjoy the patronage of the Japanese Navy.

Wherever one looked, there seemed to be Japanese!

In the Mandated Territory, the Japanese community had interests extending from Manus to the Solomons. They numbered less than 50, but the localities in which they lived were significant, and, once this was pointed out, it came as no surprise to learn that the only Jap in Papua (a half caste) looked after a small plantation facing China Strait, from where he could see the shipping passing through.

Not long before, this man had been visited by the crew of a

Japanese vessel tied up at Samarai.

That was the Takachiko Maru, one of a pair of smart little ships of about 600 tons, which turned up at times without much notice and called at ports in both Territories, before proceeding to New Caledonia and the Hebrides.

Trade done did not amount to much, and, one way and another, there was a good deal of speculation about their actual business.

Little To Be Done a ui, o fVlic ?o b b r d o|e MMS our own resources in men and in New Caledonia Haohie e fn^nnk W n ftPriSJSp might be &ble to loolc Jiiter tiieir own people, but the New Hebrides was wide open.

In Fiji they were not much better off, for the defence of that widespread group rested in the first instance upon a militia force of 396 men, made up of separate com panies of Fijians, Indians and Europeans.

While in Suva I had seen them Troop the Colour in heart-warming style, but there was nothing then to show what magnificent jungle fighters the Fijians were to prove.

However, news of this volunteer fighting force, brought up the question of raising native troops in New Guinea. The Old Man intro duced the subject himself as show ing the part Papua could play in the defence of the Commonwealth.

In this he was much more realistic than the common run, for, while staff appreciations going the rounds just then nearly all accepted the possibility of an enemy landing somewhere between Brisbane and Sydney, the Old Man was convinced that Australia’s front line should

(Continued on page 95)

be pushed forward to the arc of islands than run from Singapore to Suva.

Weak as the line was, the weakest part was the Mandated Territory, where a stultifying clause in the agreement prohibited the building of defensive works, or the training of native troops other than for simple police duties.

Local troops must therefore come from Papua, where according to the Old Man, the constabulary were soldiers in all but name.

On the Job Quietly This line of reasoning was no abstract talking point. Quietly and entirely on his own responsibility, the Old Man called for an accelerated intake of police recruits in 1938, a precaution that helped enormously when the Papuan Infantry Battalion came to be raised.

Trained and commanded for a time by Major L. Logan, Head quarters Officer of Constabulary in Port Moresby before the war, and at a later stage by officers of the calibre of “Bill” Watson —who hav ing won the MC and DCM in World War I, was to add a DSO to his distinctions as a result of operation on the Kokoda Trail—the PIB grew into the Pacific Islands Regiment, which, with strong reinforcements from the Mandated Territory,

numbered something like 5,000 men by the time the war ended.

The Old Man lived to see guns on Paga Hill and troops in Port Moresby, but I have the best of reasons for knowing that, as far back as 1938, he was talking about the importance of what he called the “only transverse roadway in New Guinea” —the Kokoda Trail, He even urged me to accompany the post boy who took the mail to Buna, and so see the possibilities of attack against Port Moresby being mounted from across the Owen Stanley Range.

It was common knowledge (even in Japan) that one could use motor vehicles or ride a bicycle for long distances between the coast at Buna and the Government station at Kokoda.

The roughest section of the track was always on the southern side of the range, and the gruelling part it played in subsequent proceedings was not due to lack of warning, but to the blank incredulity that greeted the Old Man’s information.

This is the man whom only last year, in Port Moresby, I heard described as a “showman”; it was said that he was aloof, remote and cold.

That was not my impression. I think of Sir Hubert Murray as a great Australian, as one who was able, shrewd and clear-sighted to the end —a grand old man.

A Brett Hilder Profile Mixes Medicine With Paint

Marion Aroha Radcliff e-Taylor, M. 8., B.Ch., F.R.C.S. (Edin.), was born at Dunedin, NZ., graduated in medicine from Otago University, and then went on to Edinburgh to gain her F.R.C.S.

A S a , SU f£l ol h Taylor ( Matti to her friends) went into partnership for four years with an orthopaedic surgeon

In Dunedin before making for Perth, West Australia, to practise. She has had many hobbies besides surgery, and in her spare time has dabbled in modelling, drawing and painting, riding to hounds, boat sailing, and flying light aircraft.

During the war she married Charles Ray Grant-Frost, of the RAAF, who has since reverted to being a pastoralist. Matti also col lected three children, a girl and two boys, who are now all grown up.

In 1954, Matti was suffering from itchy feet, and took a job as surgeon with the Administration in Port Moresby. After 10 weeks she left for Rabaul to go into private practice.

In the last five years she has become quite an identity in that historic town, and one of its most enthusi astic residents.

Her practice keeps her very busy, but she tries to keep each Sunday free to go out painting in oils, in which she has done some very fine work. She has also helpsd to start a local sketching club, which holds occasional shows.

Last year, Matti had a visit from her husband, Ray, who was pleasantly surprised with New Guinea, compared with his war-time experienecs therewith the Japanese.

Their latest idea is to buy a plantation somewhere near Rabaul as a permanent anchorage, for she has no idea of leaving her practice, nor her many appreciative friends

in and around Rabaul.-

Brett

Hilder.

The blurb on dust-jackets has become a sort of art in itself and sometimes it is very necessary in order to under stand the book itself.

THE blurb on the back of Mr.

Ronald Rose’s book ( South Seas Magic) isn’t needed for that purpose, though maybe it comes within the category of those things that could be better put. We quote: "In between periods of field work, Mr. Rose has worked as a statistician, was on the staff of a metropolitan newspaper, and was employed in a mental hospital. He says that there were similarities in the environments of all three jobs. He is now information officer of the Commonwealth De partment of Territories in Can

? berra.”

i We unquote—and make no com .ment on the occupational environ ment of Mr. Ross’s present position. ; When he is not being an informa tion officer, or filling other jobs in the nut-house category, Mr. Rose is >what he calls a “parapsychologist”. ‘This is a new one to us, as it appears to have some of the elements of anthropology, sociology and [psychology, but is not (according ‘to Mr. Rose), any of them.

"Magic, Ghosts"

' It was in the capacity of para psychologist that he and his wife, 'Lyndon, did field work amongst the Aborigines of Australia and the Maoris of New Zealand, and then Went on to Western Samoa to in vestigate the Samoans’ “psychical 'experience”.

This covers their belief in magic, ghosts, forewarnings of death, etc., land from all accounts, the experi ence of the Samoans in this de partment is far inferior to those of the other two groups investigated. , In order to do this work, the Rose family, including a 14-years-old son and nine-years-old daughter, settled in to live in a village on Manono, 'one of the two small islands that lie in the strait between the big islands of Savaii and Upolu. It is at this stage that the “ist” part pf Author Rose is rapidly swamped, so that instead of getting what might be only a fascinating study for learned professors, South Seas Magic emerges as an excellent and kmusing account of life amongst the modern Samoans There is, to be sure, a certain amount of flap-doodle about calcu lating the Samoans’ ESP (extra sensory perception) by means of a pve card trick; and their PK Ipsycho kinesis) by throwing dice, but these passages can be easily avoided.

There have been no end of anthro pological researches made into New Guinea and Papuan natives, few, indeed, either anthropological or even general-interest Into the Samoans.

Since Margaret Mead’s “Coming of Age in Samoa”, all of 30 years old by now, most of the material written about the Samoans con cerned their “march to nationhood” or their coming self-government, all of which is blinding us to the fact that the ordinary Samoan is still ruled by his matai, or family head, and is still a simple islander with an outlook on every aspect of life entirely different from our own.

Although Rose makes few direct references to self-government (in 1961), except to observe that the Samoans will probably do well enough by adhering to the form already established by New Zealand and based on the limited democracy of the matai system, his whole book —probably unconsciously—shows a people completely unfitted for a change-over to any of the forms and conventions of our own form of democratic society.

At the same time, he shows that some young, untitled men of ex ceptional tenacity (not to say moral courage) have bucked the matai

system and gone against the wishe; of their family head. This he feeli is the thin edge of the wedge anc will ultimately result in the system’; destruction.

The Samoan, says Rose, has j philosophy based on today; it is no his nature to look into the future and the past—further than 200 year; ago, anyway—is a closed book t( him.

"The Samoan Way"

The Samoan economy is one o: “just enough”. They work suffici ently to ensure that they have suf ficient food, and although occasion ally there is a miscalculation tha results in supply falling short of de mand, no one would be foolisl enough to plant food in abundanci (although it would be easy enough) when some improvident neighbou; would certainly beg, borrow or most likely—steal it.

Old Samoan custom — fa’a Samoi —is seen as both the strength anc curse of the country. Everythin! from marriage to petty crime cai be adjusted, fa’a Samoa, anc although it probably suits th < temperament of the people anc saves trouble, it presents, also, th< biggest obstacle to full democracy A great deal of Rose’s book i concerned with the lighter side o living with those who have no in hibitions about their sex lives o bodily functions and who thus re quire little privacy; whose ideas o property ownership are elastic whose natural laws are still Samoai and not made-in-Europe; anc whose abiding philosophy is “jus a little work in the sun today, anc love in the moonlight tonight”.

"Indispensable"

Some items of European culture they have adopted enthusiastically however. No Manono household o any pretentions whatever, write Rose, would be without thre essential articles of European manu facture —an enema; a chamber-pot to the übiquitous umbrella.

The use of the chamber-pot is of course, self-explanatory; the cul of the enema Rose leaves to th imagination; but he explains at sonr length the fa’a Samoa, as it applie to the übiquitious umbrella.

In Samoa, he says, the umbrelk has a significance apart from it more utilitarian use—it is used a a symbol of sickness. If a persoi is ill he walks slowly from his housi with his umbrella open above hi head; as he gets better he will carr; it furled under his arm; and whei fully recovered will sally fortl again using it jauntily as a walkin* stick The umbrella in other ways i probably the most useful article eve: introduced to Samoan by the Euro pean, because apart from its use t< keep off sunshine or rain, it can b< taken apart and used in many ways

The cloth with the centre cut out used by women as a loose blouse sat can be easily tossed aside for ieedom of movement —umbrella nuses are still frequently seen on lanono, and others are deliberately it to the same pattern. The stick the umbrella can be used by defs and orators to indicate their iportance; and the ribs can be ounted on a suitable pole and to ; used as a fish spear. If the uropean has given the Samoan othing else, it has provided him ith a whole department store in le shape of one brolly.

The Rose family spent six months i Manoro where no other Euro

;an had lived permanently

>r 60 years. Few anthro-

Dlogical (or parapsychological) ex

3ditions include a whole family nit, and it can be imagined that lis one was not without its trials nd its shocks, but out of the gold sh bowl existence that they led, lere has emerged an engaging ;udy of a semi-sophisticated native eople. (SOUTH SEAS MAGIC. Published by ,obert Hale, Ltd. Our copy from Hicks, mith and Sons, Sydney. Australian price, 2/6.)

rish Journey, With

lenty of B and G

rJSH novelist and playwright Walter Macken explains the reasons for his latest book Seek he Fair Land thus: “In a period of the lives of my wn people, I saw a time in the eventeenth century when the rish were living the history of all teoples. This was the dark night >f the Irish soul, and it was to ast a long time as Cromwellian ►rutality, persecution and the well mown satellites and camp ollowers of conquerors, famine, lisease and pestilence, fell upon he Irish. These were not really mportant. What was important vas that the ordinary people, some (f them, managed to survive them ill and pass on their own ndomitable courage, hope, and aith to their children, who would n turn dig in their heels and urvive until the sun shone again md the waves of terror had ibbed.”

Well and good, but the message icems to have been lost among the )lood and guts.

Seek the Fair Land tells the story )f how one family escapes from the nassacre of Drogheda and flees icross Ireland to an uneasy peace n Connacht. The journey takes some years and there are many ;rials and tribulations on the way, md even when the party arrives ,n the fair land there are more ;rials and tribulations ahead.

Along the way, the English bash )ut the brains of babies against ioorposts, rape and mutilate every female within cooee, pack the

children off as slaves to the cane fields, draw-and-quarter odd bods here and there, strangle a few others, and burn one leading character at the stake after dragging him behind a horse. (You get the details in technicolour).

All this rather indicates that the English of the day were baddies, which is quite right. But where Mr. Macken seems to get off the beam is that he makes out that all the poor Irish and their hunted priests were just too good for this sort of persecution. He gives them twentieth century minds in a seventeenth century slice of history.

But since he still leaves the English with the witchburning outlook which was common to all in the seventeenth century, his history

of the Irish working classes comes out a little lop-sided. The reader, ends with the impression that Mr.

Macken is still personally a little bit mad at the English.

If you overlook this and read the novel as an adventure story it’s good stuff —providing, of course, you have the right kind of stomach. (SEEK THE FAIR LAND. Published by Macmillan. Australian price, 20/-.)

he Know-How—But Not The

,ang —Of The Surf

THERE are no better surfing beaches anywhere in the Pacific than those along the 12,000-mile •astline of Australia, and there is ) sport in Australia that has more stive participants than that of irfing.

Along the hundreds of sandy »aches that line the east coast of le continent (the zone which sup irts the greatest part of Aus alia’s 10 million population) surf ig is probably even more than a >ort. It is a regular habit, like go ig to church or to school, or buy ig the groceries. Whole families ike to the surf.

Every year a number of surfers rown nearly always at quiet caches not patrolled by some of le 17,000 young men who now make p the voluntary membership of le Surf Life Saving Association of ustralia. But the patrols have sscued 110,000 others from the surf nee they have been operating.

This popularity of surfing in Aus ■alia is a comparatively modern evelopment. For many years after le coming of the white man, the caches near Sydney—which to ly are the greatest mecca of the irfers—were used only as tracks ► the north and south of the settle lent.

Gradually, men began to explore le joys of sea bathing, until the rudery of the Victorian era pro uced edicts to prevent them. No srson, said one ordinance, could ithe in waters exposed to public ew from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. Hardy mis who still persisted in their anton excesses were thus compelled > rise with the birds.

Despite the lack of official en mragement, swimmers not only mtinued to surf but to try their ;rength and skill. Tommy Tanna, South Sea islander employed as a ardener’s boy at Manly, near ydney, was first to amaze onlookers y his habit of throwing himself a a wave, and then hurtling >wards the beach with it. Local irfers were quick to acquire this bility to “body shoot”, and soon it as being practised by other illegal vimmers on other beaches —illegal ecause the surfers were now surf ig outside the prescribed hours.

Gradually the restricting ordin nce became difficult to police, and s end came with a memorable act f defiance. On September 1, 1902, le editor of a Manly newspaper, 7. H. Gocher, announced in his ewspaper that he intended to a the publicly outside the permitted ours.

The following Sunday, at noon, he athed at Manly’s now famous cean beach. No official action was iken —despite the wide public in erest in the case.

Gocher continued to bathe un molested again and again on Sun days, and others quickly realised that the freedom of the beaches was ensured —as it was from then on.

John Bloomfield, a former Aus tralian surf champion who is now a sports master at Maitland High School, NSW, takes a closer look at the Australian surf in Know-how In The Surf, which is described as being the “first book in history to combine an ABC for the surfing be ginner and an invaluable aid for the expert”.

This it might well be—we can’t recall any other book with the con tents of this one, nor can we recall more than one other book on the Australian surf, despite the popu larity of the sport. It is likely for this reason to be a very useful book.

It is not, unfortunately, going to be a book that will live in the minds of men for itself alone. A book on Australian surfing could, we think, be written as some experts can write books on the best of the French wines—books that say a lot more than merely how the wine is produced; books that bring out the very bouquet of the wine; books that

conjure up scenes of the vineyards themselves.

Know-how In The Surf has none of the froth and foam and the salt tang of the Australian beaches. It is an adequate, if pedestrian, account of the technique of identi fying and catching body waves—and of avoiding dumpers; of the tech nique of using boards and skis; of the mechanics of the surf carnival and how best to train yourself to take part in one, or how best to train others.

The book has some excellent photographs and drawings.

(Know-How In The Surf. Angus And

Robertson. Australian price, 25/-.)

When "Cyclone Jack"

Scratched for Tin

THE tally of Australian author lon L. Idriess’ books is now push ing the 40 mark —he has ranged Australia from the inland, the out back and the pearl seas of the north-west to Torres Strait, the Coral Sea and even Papua-New Guinea. In his latest one, The Tin Scratchers, he goes further north from the locale of his last one.

Back O’Cairns, and uses Cooktown and Cape York, the Big Peninsula, as his background of his own per sonal story.

In his early 20’s, Idriess journeyed to Cooktown, lured by gold, but gold was in the jungle country and the aborigines were wild and plentiful—they hadn’t yet met up with the Spanish influenza that all but wiped them out in the Pen insula—so he turned instead to tin mining.

Idriess was writing even in those days, almost half a century ago, and his eagerness to scan through packages of the Sydney Bulletin when they arrived on mail-day cost him his first job on Rossville field.

You couldn’t hunt through the “Red Terror” for your published pars and tend to your windlass and buckets at the same time —leastwise, not while the boss was around.

They nicknamed the dreamy, slow-w ork i n g scribbler “Cyclone Jack”, in biting irony; but, going it alone, he got on to a patch of “flood tin” and won enough from it to get a stake to venture out and discover for himself all he could about the tin-mining business, from fossicking to sluicing.

Idriess spent 11 years up North and his experiences make enter taining reading. Now 69, his memory of the old-timers’ tales still is sharp and his pen has lost little of its cunning, as he reels off endless anecdotes of those now-vanished times and the rugged characters who put colour and vitality into the frontier days of Cooktown’s tin mining area.

But The Tin Scratchers is not only about mining. The great gold

ish of the Palmer River and i e toiling Chinese pack-gangs, niggling the 100 miles of ambush Dm Cooktown base; the North leensland sandalwood trade and i King, Hughie Giblet; the luggers id links with New Guinea (such Jimmy the Larrikin, who found t. Hartley tin field but left it for 3w Guinea’s gold—only to be abbed, cooked and eaten by NG vages)—all are fascinatingly re eated. (THE TIN SCRATCHERS. Published by igus and Robertson, Ltd. Australian Ice, 22/6.)

tercule Poirot After

he Pigeons

[THERE must be as many different L ways of writing detective stories as there are people writing stective stories, yet one method is robably most satisfying to the 3al connoisseur of crime fiction, hat’s the method which goes to re trouble of putting all the clues i the text, so that the crime lover ither (a) beats the author to the >lution by a page-and-a-half (b) icks himself for not having done D.

Agatha Christie, referred to by er publishers as The Queen of rime (after 61 detective novels le is entitled to be called some ling) is not one of the writers )r connoisseurs—despite her huge Dllowing, and despite the uproar lat statement will no doubt touch [f in some of the more ignorant uarters of the globe.

To put it bluntly, Miss Christie heats. She does not always cheat, ut she cheats enough to deserve greater reputation than she’s got Dr that particular crime.

Nothing can be more galling than d have read happily through a hristie crime, to find on the jcond last page that the murder as committed by somebody the sader has never heard of, in cir iimstances which he could never ave been aware of, since Miss hristie only thought of them her slf at the last moment so she could nish off the book and begin lunch, hat is the impression the crime annoisseur occasionally gets, any ow.

All this is by way of saying that liss Christie’s new murder book, 'at Among the Pigeons, mercifully oes not cheat. Not all the clues are lere, to be sure, and it is doubtful : deduction alone will win the eaders their trophies but at least liss Christie appears to have ifficiently planned her work so as > convince most readers that they aven’t been diddled.

There is some nice characterisa :on, too, particularly of Miss lulstrode, the school teacher who uilds up her school from nothing i its position as one of England’s fading colleges for young ladies.

Murder among the mistresses is

the basis of the book, and Hercule Poirot gets involved in it at the later stages.

(Cat Among The Pigeons. Published

by Collins. Australian price, 15/6.)

The Grand Tour

Brought Up To Date

WHEN Colin Simpson wrote Adam in Ochre and Angus and Robertson Ltd. published it in 1951, they combined to introduce a new standard in Australian book publishing that has continued through Simpson’s other Adam books and is climaxed in his Wake Up In Europe, issued last month.

Lavishly illustrated with 30

colour-plates and over 80 photo graphically perfect black and white pictures, it delights the eye and titillates the travel sense of even the dullest stay-at-home. The author’s wife, Claire Simpson, too, has expertly handled the book’s decorations.

Wake Up In Europe is a five months’ record of the Continent and Britain seen through the perceptive eye of an Australian who has a particularly apt gift for describing places and people exactly as the average Down Under or Islands tourist would see them for the first time.

Simpson travelled by KLM route to Europe, as a Cook’s lIT (In dividual Inclusive Traveller) and he

makes no bones about his frank ad miration for the Man from Cooks and the lIT plan that allows stop overs for as long as you like at any place along the way that takes your fancy. Thus, before he woke up in Europe, he sharpened his pencil on word-pictures by sampling Bangkok (Thailand) and Beirut (Lebanon).

His continental tour took him first to Holland, which the Dutch have unaccountably managed to keep as a picture-postcard country for foreign tourists and at the same time make it modern and progressive (Rotterdam has the largest com mercial building in Europe). Then into Western Germany and down the Rhine, Bavaria and Austria, and on into Italy, via the Brenner No little part of the charm of Simpson’s book is his flair for meet ing up with “interesting” people.

Beginning with Helen, a American chemist, with whom he watched the Rhine castles on the river trip, he glides along the Grand Canal with Peggy Guggenheim, art-collector (and millionairess), who lives in Venice; obligingly turns over his private-bathroom to Janet and Beth, two hitch-hiking Australians, for their first hot soak in three weeks; and lets Geraldine, “in scarlet pants and chartreuse sweater, with a bun cf blonded hair and a figure that can wear a bikini”, show him the rock and roll haunts of Capri. Not to mention half a dozen other as sorted travel-companions who seem to bob up at just the right time.

Italy and Rome get lengthy but interesting treatment, for the book in part is angled to go into the travelling-bag of a large slice of the expected 70,000 Aussies and New Zealanders who will trip off to the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome and then wander for a time in Europe until the budget dries up.

Switzerland (with capital Berne nominated by Simpson as the best kept city on the continent), France and Paris in the spring, Monte Carlo and Nice, fleetingly in Spain—all add their quota. Maybe, it’s to give the red-blooded he-men readers their money’s worth that an all-in de scription of the nudity of the Folies Bergere and the Lido is included.

Incidentally, Simpson isn’t coy about describing the less ritzy areas of the cities he visits there usually is mention, brief or in detail, of the Ladies of the Night and their estab lishments. Maybe his observations have shown him what the after d a r k tourist-on-the-loose is in terested in, at that.

A chapter on Britain covers more than most of what the average traveller has time to take in. Some 2,500 miles of motoring through England, Scotland, and the edge of Wales allowed Simpson to visit and describe with feeling and insight a host of places that remain forever only names in literature and

history to the great majority of Antipodeans.

Flying home, he set down in the two Berlins, and found that going behind the Iron Curtain wasn’t as hard as he’d been led to expect, His chapter comparing bright East Berlin with Big Brother’s West Berlin in both enlightening and thought-provoking, (wake up in Europe. Published by Angus and Robertson Ltd. Australian price, 37/6.)

Netherlands Neighbours

T>lM, in December (p. 20), pubr lished a brief extract from a small book, Our Neighbours In Netherlands New Guinea, by G. T.

Roscoe, which had just been published in Brisbane.

The author is the Papua-New Guinea Director of Education and the book gives an account of a recent trip Mr. Roscoe made to Netherlands New Guinea as part of the exchange of personnel and ideas between the two Territories.

The book gives a direct and clear account of what Mr. Roscoe saw on the other side of the border.

It deals with such matters as health, education, and the native people, and finally it has something very brief to say about the road to self and in respect to some other matters, one feels that perhaps Mr. Roscoe has reserved his comments and opinions more than he should. It would have been interesting to know more of what he felt on the things that he saw.

No doubt, of course, he was conscious of his present position with the P-NG Administration and might not have felt that this was the occasion to speak his mind too freely.

Despite the book’s slim size, and despite this lack of comment, the book is most readable, and anyhow would be worth having for no other reason than that it is the latest authoritative record on the Dutch Territory to have been produced in English by an outside observer. It should be read by anybody interested in New Guinea affairs.

[ (Our Neighbours In Netherlands

NEW GUINEA. Published by Jacaranda Press. Brisbane. Australian price, 8/6.)

Relic Of The "Bounty"

This "yoller" stone is believed to have come from Tahiti with the women who left there with the "Bounty" mutineers.

Cut from coral —scored criss cross—it was and still is used to break hard, uncooked vegetables before cooking them. The indentations at each side are where the stone fitted into a wooden stand. The stone is owned by Ivy Buf fett, of Norfolk Island, and was loaned recently to Mr. Leonard Moran, of the Polynesian Association of Sydney. —Tele-Photo

A Studious Book On Fiji Fishes

Henry W. Fowler’S 670-

page “Fishes of Fiji”, the manuscript of which was presented by the author to the Fiji Government as long ago as 1942, has at last been published —and will cause disappoinment in some quarters.

Although fishing enthusiasts in Fiji might willingly pay the price of £F3/10/- for such a well produced and masterly study of some hundreds of fish, 27 of which are peculiar to Fiji, they will be disappointed that the local names of the fish have not been included with their scientific names. As a source of identification for local sport fishermen it is therefore not as useful as it might be. From the scientific aspect the work will get full honours. It is a most ex haustive study.

Publication was first held up by the war and later by lack of funds. The printing has been done in New Zealand. The edition is very limited and is available from the Government Printer, Suva.

Mr. Fowler is —or was Curator of Ichthyology and Herpetology at the Academy of Natural Sciences at Phila delphia, and honorary con sultant in ichthyology at the B. P. Bishop Museum, Hono lulu.

Those who imagined that the air age would quickly wipe out the sea passenger trade are being proved falser prophets every day. Latest to join the fleet of ocean giants which will service the Pacific Islands in the next few years, is a 21-knot 22,000-ton 1,400-passenger one-class sister to Shaw Savill’s Southern Cross.

'I OUT HERN CROSS represented 5 the most daring and revolu tionary change in passenger bip design in post-war years—a no argo vessel with engines aft, de igned solely for the comfort of assengers and for operations ccording to a strict timetable Trough elimination of cargo delays, ’hat this beautiful ship has filled be bill is proved by the fact that haw Savill has now ordered another nd by the fact that others are nitating the design.

The O & P liner Canberra, soon 5 enter service, is a similar vessel, ut has the further unusual feature f twin slde-by-side funnels like lose of a whaling factory ship.

No name has been announced yet Dr the Shaw Savill vessel, whose eel will be laid in March, and hich would enter service in April, )62, when the connection with Fiji, nd perhaps Tahiti, will be doubled.

In the war for the Pacific assenger trade, in which big iritish, American, Dutch and balian (Panama flag) lines are com eting, hard words were flying in lecember. The British Conference Ines were telling their Europe ound passengers that there may be o rides back home to the Pacific Dr those who perhaps think of iving money by travelling to urope with the “pirates”—that is, le Dutch and Italian lines, especi- Ily the Sitmar Line which has been laking deep inroads. Sitmar has icreased its trans-Pacific voyages :om two to five per year over the ast three years, and its scheduled ill at Tahiti en route to Panama ; forcing the Conference to make imilar provision. Between 400 and 00 passengers boarded Sitmar essels at Auckland (NZ) alone this ear, and the Auckland agents re orted that there were 700 applica ons for berths in Castel Felice in anuary.

Sitmar was quick to reply to the inference Lines that a return assage will be guaranteed to all r ho travel to Europe, though it r as not stated how this would be one. Sitmar has heavy commit lents in the Italian migrant trade d Australia on the outward-bound oyages.

Conference Lines later explained

that they would not refuse to carry ex-Sitmar passengers, but they would naturally give first priority to passengers who had made the Europe-bound voyage in their own vessels.

While competition is keen, there is no sign of any fare reductions.

• Ship Safety —And The

10,000 TO 1 CHANCE: During 1959, at least two vessels were lost in the South Pacific as a result of collisions in coastal waters. A daily news despatch concerning one of these accidents called it a “10,000 to 1 chance’’. Without suggesting that any such philosophy was re sponsible for either of the two dis astsrs, the idea conveyed by that news despatch is totally inaccurate and the odds could be reduced by at least 9,900 under similar circum stances.

It should surely be worthwhile for yachtsmen and launch owners, and perhaps some Islands smallships masters, to ponder that ships lay courses from light to light and from headland to headland, usually by the shortest available route. Thus ships on reciprocal courses can be fully expected to meet each other —

if not head on, at least at no great spacing of their tracks. That they do not meet head on more often is likely to be due to errors in steer ing or fortunate terrors in allow ance for compass and current.

• The Emergency Radio:

Although no progress was made during 1959 towards establishment of legislation whereby all registered trading craft in the Islands could be compelled to carry one of the foolproof type of waterproof port able emergency radio transmitters, there is continuing progress in the design of such equipment.

With the transistor now firmly established we may be certain that much lighter and more com pact transmitters of lower power and requirements will soon appear.

There has also been great progress in the development of devices pro ducing electric power from the sun’s light or its heat.

It is now possible to produce a transmitter of reasonable power for life-boat use which could be entirely powered by the sun. The objection to batteries for emergency trans mitter use lies in the fact that too often these are unserviceable when really wanted. • DOWN TO WORK: The Scripps research vessel Stranger, mentioned last month as having called at

Owners of the "New Siren", Don Silk and Bob Boyd left Rarotonga on their yacht, the "Patsy Jean" (above) for New Zealand, via Tonga re cently. They arrived at Whangarei, NZ, in December and will return to Rarotonga in May to carry on the job of renovating the "Siren".

See page 107. Photo: D. C. Berry.

lonolulu, arrived at Bangkok late 11 November to carry out a big irogramme of oceanographic re sarch in the South China Sea.

The South Pacific Commission’s’ itest Quarterly Bulletin contains in interesting article by Michel ngot, which makes it clear that ’ranee is contributing its share in ceanographic research in the South acific tropical area with the foumea-based 75-ft wooden vessel )rsom 111, owned by the French nstitute of Oceania, which organ iation is equivalent to Australia’s iSIRO and New Zealand’s DSIR.

Apart from her important con ribution to the IGY, Orsom Ill’s rork has apparently firmly estab shed the fact that a tuna fishing idustry employing Japanese long ne methods could be based on Idumea with the main operational rea south-west of New Caledonia, specially in summer months.

It has been proved that surface shing methods would not be suc essful, except close inshore, where smaller troller-fishing industry rould be warranted.

As a result of these findings there 5 already interest in commission ig vessels for the latter type of ishing which calls for less capital.

• Something Slipped: Navi

ators of trans-Pacific vessels, like 11 other navigators, would like the nagnetic and geographic poles to oincide, but at least they can be hankful that things are not as Dr. ’akeshi Nagata says they were 500 o 1,000 million years ago.

Dr. Nagata, leader of the Jap nese IGY Antarctic expedition, has alculated from magnetic readings aken down South last year, that he North Pole formerly was located ,t what is now 3 degrees N and 127 iegrees W—or midway between ?ahiti and Mexico —but there was irobably no water there then, so ympathy for the old-time Second Jates may be reserved.

• The Four-Legged Trade:

7he ex-passenger liner Delfino, of LOOO tons, and on Fiji registry, sailed rom Sydney for San Diego (USA) irith her third cargo of about 25,000 ambs in mid-December, but it was eported at about that time that the >ermit which Mr. James Delfino, of California, had obtained from the JZ Government for the shipment »f 10,000 cattle from that country lad now lapsed.

The stalls built in the 8,174-ton delfino are designed only for the larriage of sheep, and no other sat sfactory stock vessel could be chartered on suitable terms to carry he cattle, the shipment of which nmmenced in July, 1958, when the inverted 6,923-ton Catusha made me voyage with 1,100 head, after yhich she was sold and broken up dr scrap.

In addition to shipping difficulties, here has been strong opposition

to the importation of live lambs also.

• Another Rare One: Suva

saw the South Korean merchant flag for the first time, and the Finnish flag perhaps for the first time, during 1959. There now seems a possibility that 1960 might open with the appearance of a Chinese Nationalist-flag vessel, though this was not quite certain in mid-De cember. The 5,806-ton, French-built, 23-years-old Van Yung, ex La Quinta, ex Louis L.D., ex Fomal haut, ex Louis L.D., was to load scrap in NZ ports in December- January, and then go on to Suva if a possible consignment of over age empty drums was finalised.

This ship is owned by the Taiwan Chung Hsing Steam Ship Co. Ltd., which also owns a 37-year-old 2,704ton steamer named An Lung (which may perhaps be translated as “one lung” at this stage of her career!)

• Still In Trouble: Ever

since the 70-ton Joyita sailed on her ill-fated voyage from Apia on October 3, 1955, she has never long been out of trouble.

Towed into Suva and sold by her Honolulu owner to Mr. David Simp son, of Vanua Levu, at an auction in July, 1956 (price £2,425, plus Customs duty £1,260), the one-time yacht was extensively rebuilt and was recommissioned in November, 1956, in the Fiji inter-island trade.

Baleout Camilla Canberra Castel Felice Catusha Chitose Maru Craig J Deifino Deutgan Dobiri Dugout Eole Foxton Ginga Maru Guadalcanal Jnaha Janis Jinyo Maru Joyita Kochab Korrigan La Confiance Melanesian Marilen Mission Bay Moana Roa Monarch

Mandalla Nagasaki Mam New Silver Gull Orsom 111 Patsy Jean Poseidon Ranginni Romayne Sarong Sacred Sea Chanty Shearwater Singora Sirene Stranger Te Matangi Te Rapunga Tokelau Van Yung Verao Viti Waikawa Wairuna Wanderer Wanderer 111 White Squall

HE BUILT IT IN HIS SPARE TIME

On January 8, 1957, Joyita went n Horseshoe Reef in the Koro Sea -that resulted in her being out of ommission until October 6, 1958. luring 1959, business was slack and he ship was laid up for a time. )n one occasion she put back with ter master ill, and there were everal other technical hitches.

Then, on November 20, the wooden essel again went ashore on Vatualu. She floated clear after a ouple of hours, proceeded to Levuka or inspection, then sailed for Suva.

St e S to S h r k s e anT te at ba L d e^ k S a 'hart, was pumped out sufficiently ms be beache d d\r a r S e o pairs Wh i e n e Deember the then owners (Mr David S he vessel and it is now owned by hoducer’s Shipping Co., a group of ranua Levu planters) were conemulating putting the vessel up for notion again, “as is, where is .

There are probably people in the ISA who would buy her simply as collector’s piece. nriTTr 1 tit f-pTjTh patp? • Mr tpw

motioned

L hfISS the

j? for P re sale oerto t tL / has now also the same owner’s other -essel, Foxton, 209 tons, a wooden win-screw Auckland-built craft, aunched in 1929. She, too, will be tverhauled and offered for sale.

Ships in which Mr. Graham has it one time or another had a share lave contributed largely to post-

war South Pacific shipping history, Names like Karoro, Alexander, Nuka- Urn, and Scot will all ring bells. Add to them Nikau, now owned by HP’s, inaha is being registered in Vila (New Hebrides) and Foxton probably in Suva (Fiji).

Ttx , O

•TH E Y V E GOT FIJI S LAUNCH: The Auckland Division of the RNZVR has benefited by thede commissioning of the RNVR in Fiji, 72-ft patrol launch which was HMS Viti, loaned to the Fiji unit,

SSWTT'ffiTSftta? vetel^r

™Nzs

foTf years,

This HDML will n 0 lon ß er b£ : ar the

ZSvWfcw""" l

simply no. Jo&d.

Wires Everywhere: The

boffins are at it again. While the ironmongery from above falls all around, they’re busy fixing lots of w i res down below to detect what goes on overhead. Wake Island (be tween Hawaii and Guam) was the first Pacific Island to be wired for missile detection-or is it sub marine detection?—early last year, Five 70-mile electric cables radiate spoke-like from the island along the b °ttom and the r is I “ t w^°^ er t^^Sr wm similarly wired up mis year, Another expensive piece of wire will be snaking its way right across the Pacific from Sydney, via Auck land, to Canada in the next four years. It will be the first trans-

Pacific telephone cable—the present cables are telegraph only, except for one cable from USA to Hawaii laid several years ago.

The Sydney-Auckland section will be completed by 1962, then the main span will be laid in the two fol lowing years.

To cost £26 million, the cable will have “repeater” amplifiers, which should never require any attention, every 27 miles, and it will be capable of handling 80 simultaneous con versations. The job will be done by the cable ship Monarch, owned by Cable & Wireless Ltd. • SOLD EAST: The well known Union Co. trans-Pacific freighter Waikawa, laid up in Vancouver, due to lack of profitable business over the past year, is reported sold to Hongkong, and there were rumours —which could not be confirmed in Auckland—that Wairuna, similarly laid up in Auckland, might also soon change hands. Of the other vessels which have operated trans pacific in post-war years, Waite mata has been in continuous ser vice, and Waihemo and Waitomo have recently resumed after a period of idleness. With Wairata and Wairimu on the service to India, all these ships were war-time built in Canada or US.

• Another Stranger: The

3,038-ton, single-screw, motor vessel Mundalla, ex Mundoo, recently sold by the Adelaide Shipping Co., is reported to have transferred to Vila registry in the name of Southern Shipping Co.

Inquiry in Auckland as to whether this might in fact be the Southern Cross Shipping Co., of Vila, owners of the small Suva-registered tanker Verao, which operates trans-Tas man in the molasses trade, brought an emphatic denial that there was any connection between these two companies.

PIM has no information as to Mundalla’s intended trade. It is pos sible that the transfer of registry to Vila is simply associated with the delivery of the 33-year-old vessel to overseas ship-breakers. • STAND CLEAR: Falcon Island, in the Tonga Group, gets most of the publicity when there’s talk of jack-in-a-box islands, but there are others, and the waters just east of Epi and north of Tongoa, in central New Hebrides are worth careful navigation. A number of undersea volcanic vents are in this

This 17-ft. cabin cruiser, "Moana Toa", was built by Mr. John Comesby, at Rarotonga, in his spare time. It has a plywood hull coated in fibre glass, and took two years to build.

The cruiser is powered by a Johnson 35 hp outboard and an auxiliary, 10 hp outboard, which gives it a speed of more than 25 knots.

Photo: D. C. Berry.

rrea and there may or may not be •rater over them.

A hump of pumice reaching nearly 100-ft above sea-level appeared here in 1949 and was given the mme Kama Island—but it had all roded away again through wind, lain, and sea, a year later. Other uch pumice heaps appear from ime to time in this vicinity, and me was in the making again in September when there was consid erable volcanic activity with smoke dsible for miles belching from a :rater about 3I miles east of Epi md 3 miles north of Tongoa. Large jatches of floating pumice, likely to >e mistaken as shoals, were drift ng on surrounding waters.

• Trouble At Vila: An Ex

flosion of another kind and an out >reak of fire in the engine room )f the small vessel Tokelau, as she ay in Vila Harbour on September !9, caused considerable v damage to he ship and serious burns to one 'Jew Hebridean member of the ;rew, who jumped overboard but vas rescued by boat. PIM has no ;echnical details of Tokelau, which s owned by Mr. Marcel Marinacce, vho also owns the 211-ton Deutgan, mother craft which has made head lines in the past.

• Another Light: Future

Solomons navigators, as they :ruise past Rua Sura Island, at the eastern end of Sealark Channel, will ponder for a while the unexplained loss with all hands of the BSIP Gov ernment vessel Melanesian some where near Sikiana on or about July 10, 1958. A collection is now being taken up for half the cost of a lighthouse for Rua Sura; the other half will be met by the Gov ernment. • USE OTHER DOOR: If recom mendations made by a Fiji Economies Committee are accepted by the Government, Levuka will cease to be a Port of Entry—and there is little reason to suppose that the recommendations will not be acted upon. The Committee found that Levuka’s trade had declined to such an extent in recent years that few overseas vessels now had need to call there. The establish ment of copra crushing mills at Suva halted the direct loading of big ships at Levuka. A saving in Customs staff could be made by re ducing the port from its Port of Entry status. • THE T H R E E-S T O R I E D ADMIRAL; Rear-Admiral J.

Richard Evenou, commander-in chief of French land, sea and air forces in the Pacific, who paid an official visit to NZ in December, is a man of wide experience, equally at home in a diving suit as on the bridge or in an aircraft cockpit. The vessels of his Pacific command are Francis Gamier, La Capricieuse, La Confiance, Tiare and Lotus.

• Look Who’S Here: New

Zealanders are likely to be found in unusual places, but one of the least expected places must surely be in a Japanese merchant marine officers’ training ship. When Tokyo Mercantile Marine University’s 3,171ton Ginga Maru (Ginga means Milky Way) called at Auckland in July, 1957, and again when the vessel called at Papeete several months ago, the ship’s complement included one lone European, Professor Eric S. Bell, lecturer in English, amongst her 21 officers and instructors. Mr.

Bell, formerly of Christchurch, has lived in Japan for many years—he

was interned there throughout the war, and Japan is now very much, his home.

Ginga Maru gives a year’s prac tical training—following the theo retical shore training—to about 60 budding deck officers and 45 en gineer officers. Captain H. Orihara is in command.

• They All Got Home: Chief

Radio Officer Toshio Tobita, of the Taiyo Company’s tuna mothership Tenyo Maru No. 3, writing from Yokosuka, reported that his ship arrived home on November 23, and Jinyo Maru on November 24, thus

:iding the 1959 mothership tuna ishing season.

Tenyo Maru No. 3 sailed for the mtarctic late November to load ackaged whale-meat from the ictory ships which were already eading South for the baleen haling season, due to open about anuary 7. Southbound, some of lese fleets were sperm whale fish ig. Two southern voyages at most, len it will be time for Tenyo \aru No. 3 to set course again for le GEIC-Fiji area to mother the )60 Taiyo fleet of longliners which ill be already on the job and wait ig to discharge into her when she rrives at the end of May.

• Headache South Of Mid

WAY: Captain A. Foot, of the utch salvage tug Elbe, had a spot • bother 630 miles south of Mid ay in mid-December. The old US avy aircraft carriers Guadalcanal id Mission Bay, stripped of fit ngs and bound for Japanese melt ig pots, parted the tow-line in eavy weather, and the towing gear ailed the tug’s propeller. Out went radio call for assistance, and in ent the US Navy with the carrier on Homme Richard and the de royer Richard S. Edwards.

Aboard each of the derelict irriers was an eight-man tow-line nding crew but, surprisingly, jparently no portable radio equip .ent for communication with the ig.

• Coming Your Way: If

:ums of aviation gasoline start lowing up in Tonga, Fiji, and irther westward, 10 to 1 they’ll be ■om the French Polynesia Public forks Department’s 235-ton LCT e Porionuu, which took the big unge at the end of last July.

News of the disaster has only just Itered through to PIM. The vessel as running a cargo of aviation isoline from Papeete to Bora ora airport when she suddenly irang a serious leak during the ght and went down in about 20 inutes, somewhere off Huahine. r ith her went the captain’s new otor scooter and his two sextants id chronometer. The 11 men )oard got a boat away, but had a ard 17-hour windward pull to uahine, where they arrived safely.

Purchased as war-surplus from awaii about eight years ago, Te yrionuu’s bottom plating was said i be in poor condition at the time f her sinking.

• In Town Tonight; Captain

ugh Williams, of Rarotonga, took Is 117-ton Noumea-built Dobiri ito Auckland on December 20, and le will remain there until the end ! the Cooks hurricane season (if Dt sold sooner, as seemed possible). or the run south, the vessel was anned by her four-man crew, plus volunteer emigrants, and she

carried a cargo of about 200 of the owner’s empty fuel drums for refilling While the 85-ft wooden vessel lies at Auckland, with engineer Les Livingstone holding the fort, Captain Williams may take a furlough in Japan.

• Pom-Poms In Sydney; The

French frigate La Confiance (Commander d’Antin de Vaillac, eight officers and 121 ratings) from Noumea station, was in Sydney for three weeks to December 20, for drydocking and general refitting. Three years ago, the Commonwealth Government agreed to allow French ships stationed in the Pacific to do annual refitting in Sydney She is a 2,200 tons A class frigate, built in UK in 1943, and handed over to a Free French crew for Atlantic

convey work during the war was named after a famous French warship which captured a much larger British man-o-war, Kent, in the Bengal Gulf in 1800.

Launching Near; Because

Edinburgh’s summer has been par ticularly fine work by Grangemouth Dockyard Co. on Moana Roa, re placement for the old NZGS Maui pomade, has been speeded up some s \ x weeks ahead of schedule, Launching is expected early in February. For the Cook Islands and Niue trade> she will carry 40 passengerS) have 85,000 cu. ft. in £ulated cargo capacity, and is ex ted to ake 131 kno ts.

K m,,

• On Helen Reef; To Help

salvage one of Japan s most modern

irgo ships, Nagasaki Maru (7,000 ms), aground on Helen Reef, Aus •alian diver Jack Childs flew from .abaul, NG, to the Carolines late ecember. The grounding ripped er hull from stern to engine-room ad Childs will work underwater in le flooded holds to build a frame ork into which hundreds of tons f cement can be poured to seal le damage. It is planned then to ear water from the holds by pump ig; Childs will set some 600 ex losive charges in the reef to blow away from the hull; then Chitose laru, the 3,000 tons mother ship of apan’s salvage fleet that has been iking part in the salvage of war me wrecks in New Britain and ougainville waters will take her in >w for Japan—if all goes well.

Chitose Maru left Rabaul on •ecember 15 for Helen Reef with cargo of timber, sand and cement >r the salvage operation. She was > call at Hollandia, NNG, to pick p two salvage engineers who flew own from Japan.

In open ocean, Helen Reef is a arrow belt of coral surrounding vo small uninhabited islets right own in the south-west corner of le US Trust Territory of the acific Islands.

O Wharf At Tarawa; The

rilbert & Ellice Islands Colony rovernment is building a small harf at Tarawa and Mr. D. Buck, mior partner of Wilton and Bell, .ondon, consulting engineers for le Fiji Government (who has been i Fiji looking over the Lautoka harf project) took the opportunity f inspecting it in December, when •ansport was available.

Mr. Buck is also checking on pro ress of the plan for two new slip

ways at Suva (one to take ships up to 1,000 tons deadweight, the other to 500 tons); there has been

some engineering difficulties so far,

because of the depth of mud on Suva’s harbour floor. His firm, too, has a

scheme before the Fiji Government

for the reconstruction of King’s

Wharf, Suva.

The Condominium Government

of the New Hebrides was also in terested in Mr. Buck’s visit to the Pacific. He had been asked to re port on the possibilities of a deep water port at Vila.

News of Cruising Yachts

• ROMAYNE, of Vancouver, 49Vz-ft. ketch and one-time yacht of the son of Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany, arrived at Auckland from Rarotonga December 2.

Then things started to happen. Crewman Hans Reiner married crewgirl Ann Cowan within a day or so of arrival, and crewgirl Emily Shepard announced her intention «>f marrying owner-skipper Stuart Riddell -n January 16. Also aboard and relaxed: Michael Kinloch and sister Caroline, and navigator George Miller. This yacht, com pleted 1928, will be In Auckland for a few months. Picture, page 111. • SEA CHANTY, of Vancouver, 16 days out of Suva, dropped anchor at Russell, NZ, on December 2, and will be in NZ waters for some months. • PATSY JEAN, of NZ, left Rarotonga November 16—same day as ROMAYNE — bound for Nukualofa and Auckland. With owners Don Silk and Bob Boyd was Cook Islander Nekeare Tutini. She arrived in Whangarei in mid-December. • SIREN, Suva - built ketch long beached at Rarotonga, has now been al most completely rebuilt by Don Silk and Bob Boyd. It is understood they will re turn from NZ after the hurricane season to complete the job, and probably to put

Reported missing re cently between Raro tonga and Wellington, NZ, with lone yachts man James Moore aboard, the "Drifter", is here photographed at Rarotonga.

Photo: D. C. Berry.

e vessel to work in the inter-island de. » WANDERER, with Stirling Hayden 1 children, arrived back at San Francisco m Tahiti in November. » SARONG, which left Auckland in mid- S for Sydney, changed hands there, re ned to NZ, then sailed again for Europe, ared Balboa about November 16 for the lapagos, French Polynesia, Auckland i Sydney. Aboard the 37-ft. Colin Archer ch is owner Ted King, Ted Payne, ter Wilson, and Andy Sundstrom. No ter details, except that the ketch left L several months ago. > JANIS, of Sydney, with Anton vacek, and TE RAPUNGA, of Tasmania, ;h in Auckland since last March, show signs of moving yet. George Dibbern TE RAPUNGA returned to his farm •lier in the year, leaving the boat in i hands of an Aucklander. » DUGOUT is the name we’ll call the parently unnamed dugout canoe which

Michael Fomenko paddled from Banks Island. Torres Strait, to Merauke, Dutch New Guinea. in November - December.

Following this 126-mile hop. 29-year-old Fomenko is now reported to be sharpening his paddle for a further reef-hopping ex cursion to the Solomons in easy stages—if they will let him. • BALEOUT could be a more fitting name for the twin outrigger contraption consisting of a main body of five end-to end 44-gallon oil drums plus one for each outrigger which Peter Pedaja, of Sydney, wearing green Tyrolean hat, white shirt and tie, fawn waistcoat, and tartan swim shorts, boarded for a trans-Tasman voyage in December. The accommodation was pro vided by cutting the upper side out of one of the drums. Fortunately, the sea was too rough right at the start, so Pedaja put back, sold the strange con traption, and is now saving for something more seaworthy. He made a similar sortie from Darwin two years ago and was rescued. • RANGINUI, 33-ft. Auckland ketch which was a contestant in the 1956 Auckland-Suva Race and afterwards sailed to Noumea and on to Port Moresby, met her fate on a reef off Cooktown, Queens land, on December 5. With owners Harold Farnsworth and Mervyn Whitten was Sydney crewman William Balmain and the yacht was bound from Port Moresby to Auckland. The men were lucky in getting a small dinghy away at night in bad weather. Thanks to the box-kite of an emergency radio transmitter they were sighted by the tanker STANVAC PALEM BANG after a long hard row towards land. They had rowed 24 miles in 16 hours and were then about three miles off Cape Bedford and 20 miles north of Cooktown.

They were landed at Cairns. The yacht was a total loss, with no insurance. • RAFTS of the RON TIKI type are still in fashion. The latest one hasn’t a name yet, but it will soon set off from Guatemala as the vehicle for a Radio Ham DXpedition to Lima, Pern, calling at Cocos and possibly the Galapagos. Estimated duration of the voyage, 90 days each way. Radio callsign OA3F. The raft will consist of 36 26-ft. balsa logs. To supply radio power there will be a diesel generator aboard, and 200 gallons of fuel. No details of crew yet available. Launching date: soon.

• POSEIDON, successor to GEMINI, which Jack and Leah Wheeler sailed through these pages in recent years and sold last year, now rides a Honolulu moor ings and will probably be seen south of the Line one of the days. Built in US this year, POSEIDON is a steel double bottomed ketch, 48-ft. x 13 3 ,4-ft. x 6-ft., of 1 4-in. plating. She has a diesel which gives her an easy 8 knots, and carries 1,000 gallons of fuel and 300 gallons of fresh water in the bottom tanks. There is inside steering from a midships dog house. She’s the Wheeler family’s idea of what a cruising boat should be. • SHEARWATER, of Brisbane, with Bill Sellen and Sid Nettleton, now at Auckland until about Easter, called at Gau, Lakeba, Vavau after leaving Suva in September.

Permission to call at Nukualofa after Vavau —a rhinoceros beetle port—was refused, so the yacht continued direct to NZ. • WANDERER, of Auckland, with Tom Buchanan and companions, is likely to clear Auckland for the Islands In March- April. • WHITE SQUALL, of Auckland, with Ross and Doreen Norgrove, who have cruised the Islands before, will be headed for the US Pacific Coast via Islands ports about March-Aprll. • KOCHAB, of England, with Dr. John Franklen-Evans, was last sighted at W’han garei. NZ. He too is reported to be plan ning to head for deep water again early in 1960. • SINGORA, of London. England, a 63year-old 40-ft. ketch should be somewhere along the route to the Pacific. She sailed some months ago. No details of crew other than believed three men aboard. Our in formation shows the owner as Lieut.-Col.

L. H. Landon, R.A.

[?]e "Camilla", a Swedish tanker, seen for the first time in Lae, New Guinea, as she called in [?]m the Persian Gulf to unload 4,000 tons of petroleum products in November. She later went to Rabaul and Queensland. She has a crew of 42, and was one of the largest tankers to have put in at Lae. Photo: Pat Robestron.

The "Craig J", recently arrived at Rarotonga, where its owner Dayton John Lalonde, an American, is attempting to break a record for a lone handed circumnavigation of the world.

The ketch is only 20-ft.

• MARILEN of Los Angeles, with Mr. id Mrs. E. Howard Gee, children, and lends, which left Suva November 8, lied at Atiu Island on December 2 en ute from Nukualofa to Papeete, South nerica, and home. This is a 60%-ft. itch. • CRAIG J—some say J CRAIG, the -ft. ketch in which Dayton J. Lalonde r La Londe) arrived at Rarotonga on >vember 22, intends to try for a non-stop mp from there to Brisbane. Lalonde id he is attempting to break the round e-world lonehanded record for speed id size of boat. He left New Orleans me 4. Precise dimensions are not known, it this yacht is approximately 20-ft. o.a. id 16-ft. waterline. She was cutter or ion rigged when the voyage commenced, it the mast was broken and with the ro pieces she was later re-rigged as a itch, according to our brief informa m. This cruise should be worth watch g- • TE MATANGI was the source of some »rry for a while in mid-December. A Payday” distress call was picked up by iller’s Launch Service radio station at ussell, northern New Zealand at 2.4 p.m. i December 18. Two calls were heard at short interval, but although the “May iy” signal was clear the message, in a Oman’s voice, with a child’s voice in the ickground, was indistinct. It was thought i relate to a fire and to the vessel turn ,g turtle. The Search and Rescue rganisation went into action—but not itil 5.30 p.m.—when all shipping was ad sed by Auckland Radio of the known stalls. At daybreak next day, an air larch commenced in waters north and ist of NZ. It was thought that the call ight have come from the 35-ft Nevada stch TE MATANGI. owned by the Ferguson imily and understood to have left Nuku lofa about December 10 for NZ, but later &R reported that it had been confirmed rat TE MATANGI had no radio trans dtter. Up to late December, the source of re call was still a mystery, but the caller >uld have been at no great distance from ussell as the radio range of a small vessel a 2182 kc/s in daytime would not be reat. • WANDERER 111 and the Hisoocks, ccording to an unconfirmed report, left

the UK in July on another world cruise. hive not yet

Z and' £L2£t

fr'„r,J a a"r ! r t ? o raw, D w°| h l h

ass

Virgin Islands, in recent years. • EOLE, a 32-ft. (approx.) steel doubleender, with Radio Ham Guy Clabaut, of Paris, which has been in Papeete since early July, is expected to continue west about April. • KQRRIGAN, which New Hebrides trader and planter Bob Paul, bought from American lone-hander Bob Grant after she went aground on a reef off the west coast of Erromauga, NH, in mid-1955, was lying in Vila harbour, having an engine fitted when the hurricane hit the group in Decernber. Originally salvaged from Erromanga by

Paul, she was towed to Tanna, where she

Kerrigan Jsjt Sts Kss

fab^ped^LS't' r 1 ed P ' S .me 50 yards »s .2= £* a rtf a ss * new set of ribs. • NEW SILVER GULL arrived in Sydney from Fiji on November 20 at the end of a 12-years’ voyage, during which the Scotts estimated they visited about 480 ports in Pacific and South American waters. With the Scotts on the last leg from Suva, were John Boulton and Gus Smith, both of Suva. Boulton has since returned to Suva while Smith is at present working in Sydney. Mr. Scott will spend the next 12 months recuperating from a recent opera tion, and he and his wife have no cruising plans for the immediate future.

[?]e yacnr "Romayne", of Vancouver, In Auck land in December. See page 107.

Adventure

“I tried everywhere a year ago to get a copy of your ‘Pacific Islands Year Book’ before making an ex tended trip through the Polynesian Islands, as it is considered by yachtsmen as being the very best— but it was out of print”, reported Gene Pettengill recently, from Newport Beach, California, USA, sending $5 for a copy of the new recently-issued edition of “PIYB”.

Pettengill’s ketch PU’ORI, ex- GOLDEN RULE, completing her nine-months’ cruise of Hawaiian, Marquesas, Tnamotu and Society islands, put in to Newport Beach a few months ago just as the fleet of yachts were starting the Los Angeles - Honolulu race. PU’ORI now has a ‘‘For Sale” sign tacked on her bowsprit and awaits her next adventure.

Pacific Report

The month’s round-up of news and pictures of people and events, from PIM correspondents in the South Pacific.

: or Papua-New Guinea

Transport in the South Pacific las a habit of being available either is a feast or a famine. New ship ping arrangements affecting Dutch uterests and Papua-New Guinea in the feast class —and nobody n the Territory is likely to com plain about it.

The Dutch KPM Line has recently naugurated services involving two hips, the Arfak and Korossa, be ween NNG and P-NG ports, and n December two major Dutch ship ping companies, the Netherland anes and Royal Rotterdam Lloyd, nnounced that about February they rould operate alternating services rom Holland to P-NG.

The KPM Line arrangements have Iready started (see PIM, Shipping lection, Dec.). Recently a repre entative of the line, Mr. Th. Hut, Isited P-NG to get things under ray.

In Lae, Mr. Hut told a PIM cor espondent that the first idea of , shipping link between the two rerritories followed the Canberra Difference on co-operation in Oc ober, 1958. It had originally been uggested that one service from each territory should alternate; however £PM had offered to start a service n a monthly basis for a six month’s rial.

“KPM feels that with the lifting f import restrictions in P-NG there hould be a bigger flow of cargo rom Europe to the Territory,” said ilr Hut. “Also, until now, cargo rom the UK to Territory ports has tad to be transhipped from Hong :ong—taking four months—although lollandia gets a ship every three reeks.

Thus cargo transhipped at lollandia will take a much shorter ime, and there will be a lower reight rate. For example, textiles hipped from Europe to Madang at iresent cost 547/- a ton. Shipped la Hollandia they will cost 457/i ton.”

The motor ship Arfak, which can oad 100 tons of cargo, will ply be ween Hollandia, Wewak, Madang ,nd Lae, and the 2,000-ton motor

ship Karossa will run from Merauke to Port Moresby, Sorong, Timordilly, Singapore, and back to Port Moresby. The latter accommodates 20 first-class passengers, 30 second class, and has room for third-class and deck passengers as well as cargo.

The Arfak does the round trip from Hollandia and back in a fort night, sailing from Hollandia on the fifth of each month. The com pany has taken Arfak on charter from the Dutch Government. Apart from carrying cargo ex Europe to New Guinea ports, the company will also canvass for cargo from New Guinea to Hollandia. No cargo will be carried between inter-Territory ports.

The Karossa will carry cargo ex Europe to Port Moresby after transhipment at Singapore, The Port Moresby-Singapore ser vice should appeal to Territorians with long leave as it offers two alternatives. They can either do the round trip, which allows 12 days in Singapore, or disembark at Singapore and make trips to Rangoon, India Hongkong, and Bangkok—spending approximately 40 days—and then catch the next steamer to Sorong,

According to the cap tion that came from Pago Pago, this photo graph shows "Dr. Jones, TB specialist with the Samoan Medical Services, barefooted, joining in a siva with one of his nurses during a social evening at the nurses' quarters". That is all very well but "PIM" believes that everyone named Jones should have initials —and we wrote away for the good doc tor's initials some time ago. We still haven't got them. But we can brook no further delay in publishing this de lightful photograph, so Dr. Jones is now minus both initials and shoes. —Pan American Prints.

Mr. Th. Hut, in Papua-New Guinea to see about shipping.

Photo: Pat Robertson.

Dutch New Guinea, picking up urossa there. The same facilities >e offered passengers from Port loresby to Europe and return by urossa, that are already offered issengers via Hollandia, i.e., single ire with reduction of 30 per cent.

Mr. Hut, who has been with the :-mpany since 1939, pointed out at KPM ships were not strangers old-time Territorians, who would call that before the war a number them called regularly at Port oresby from Singapore these ;re the Maetsuycker and Van Rees.

The company, which operated in idonesia prior to 1957, owned the 31l known ocean liners Nieuw olland and Nieuw Zeeland, now ms Johan von Oldenbarnevelt, illem Ruys, and Oranje, a tanker jet, and has interest in a line inning between Europe and the madian Lakes.

It was Mr. Hut’s first visit to the jrritory.

The official announcement in De mber on the other services said: “Starting early next year, two ajor Dutch shipping companies, e Netherland Lines and the Royal Dtterdam Lloyd, will operate an ternating service from Europe he Netherlands) to P-NG.

“It will be a nine-weekly service, id from Europe the ships will call Hollandia before going to Rabaul, le and Port Moresby. The call at adang will be optional.

“From the Territory, ships will it return to Hollandia but will ,ss on, alternatively, via the lilippines and Indonesia, to trope.

“The ships will be 10,000 tonners, id will have air-conditioned commodation for 12 passengers, le first sailing date from Holland scheduled for February, 1960. No ;ures are yet available for freight sts and passenger fares.”

Z Warning to

lands Firms

Islands firms who advertise in ;w Zealand newspapers are likely be doing less business in future.

In recent months the NZ Customs jpartment has issued two warn gs to people in New Zealand who irchase transistor radios and nilar items from Western Samoa, ji, and other Islands areas.

The Customs Regulations allow private individual to import for s own personal and private use ods not exceeding £lO in value, parcel post, but only where the ndors of those goods have not licited for business in New Zea ad.

If it can be shown that the vendors ive advertised such goods in New ialand, or sought business in any her way, the goods can be seized Dods associated with any business,

for example, parts for machinery, are also not permitted. The regulation is intended only to permit the duty-free entry of bona fide gifts. A person wishing to import other goods must apply to the Customs Department for an import licence — and at present he has very little chance of obtaining one for nonessential goods.

Several hundred transistor radios seized by the Customs under these restrictions and in other circumstances were sold by auction in Auckland in December at prices ranging from about £lO to £l6. The police were called to control the huge crowd that attended the auction.

SnrnP Npw Hpbridps

JOme licW neunutJb

PhnorhatP Snnn

rHOSpnaie 300 H

Definite progress is being made towards the exploitation of phos phate deposits on the east coast of Efate Island, New Hebrides, at Forari.

The big Compagnie Francaise des Phosphates de I’Oceanie, which operates the workings on Makatea Island, French Polynesia, has been showing an active interest in the Forari deposit for some years past, Recently the managing director of that company, Mr. Lamotte dTncamps, visited the area. He said that a contract had now been

awarded to Compagnie Industrie! de Travaux (CITRA) for the coi struction of a loading jetty, ar that work on it would commence : December. Equipment and materia arrived on the site in Octobe Certain negotiations regarding tl company’s exploitation of the d posit were completed satisfactori by Mr. d’lncamps with the Britk and French Resident Commissione across the island at the capita Vila.

Progress In All

Directions in Cl's

Things are happening in all dire< tions in the Cooks. Gone now a the days when a client at the movi in Rarotonga might be asked by tl happy vahine in the next seat ■ hold onto a set of wet naps for minute while she fits out the bat in a new set. They’ve just broug] in a law barring children und< three from entering. It’s believe that young children often pick i infections in movie houses.

Progress towards self-governmei is also bringing some surprises : new taxes. The Island Council, no responsible for certain public work has to raise funds somehow. IS longer is all of it coming from Ne Zealand. A tax of £1 has just bee placed on every new bicycle sold and there are many bicycles c Rarotonga’s flat perimeter roa That has been followed by a ne road improvement tax of 10/- pi annum per head on all males b( tween the ages of 18 and 60.

Now on the stocks is a licensir scheme for traders. Up to now, you wanted to go into business yc hung out your sign. Soon it will I necessary to apply to a committe which, if it grants a licence, wi extract an annual fee.

Between passing or considerir these new means of gathering taxe the councillors found time in Nc vember to raise their pay from £‘ per annum to £5O, and to arrang that they also receive £1 each tin they had to attend a meeting ( any special committee set up 1 look into any particular problem

First Shots In The

Fares War

Duncan Sandys, British Ministf of Aviation, told the House c Commons, in December, that tb Government had given its approvi of BOAC’s policy of cutting ai fares.

He said that new aircraft on orde by BOAC and BEA would carr about 50 per cent, more passenger; and being faster would be able t accomplish more flights in quicke time. To make economic use of thes aircraft, a larger increase in ai traffic was essential.

“I am convinced that the only ay to do this is by boldly cutting >wn fares. Experience has shown lat a reduction in fares quickly tracts new passengers,” said Mr. indys.

What Mr. Sandys had to say will ive an impact on the South Pacific r entually. He was opening an air le fare war.

The last lATA traffic conference ; Honolulu concluded without aching agreement on fares on a insiderable number of the world’s r routes. This was largely due to OAC”s’ insistence on the introduc on of economy fares, a measure hich did not meet with general jproval.

“After carefully considering this hole matter I have decided to uthorise BOAC to introduce :onomy fares on the cabotage >utes to West Indies, Africa and ie Far East. These fares will vary jtween 10 per cent, and 20 per >nt. below existing tourist fares,” lid Mr. Sandys.

Because of BOAC’s stand at onolulu the fares to be charged on number of international routes aring the new year beginning pril 1, have yet to be fixed. lATA ad decided that the traffic confer ice—which alone can agree on ires—would not meet again until lere was a reasonable chance of yreement.

Now BOAC may be able to modify s demands since it has got its ay on cabotage (overseas pos jssions and dependencies) routes.

[?] NGAN HONOUR. Mr. T. Mather, of Auckland, [?] o has had much to do with Tongan visitors New Zealand in the last 10 years, recently [?] de a six months visit to the Kingdom him self and came away loud in his praise of its [?] spitality and friendship. "A lovely Queen, [?] ely people and lovely islands," he said. He [?] o came away with this taovala, and a Tongan title name of "Mauo".

Perhaps lATA will convene anotl traffic conference in order to res agreement on the internatio] routes which have been the subi of dispute.

BOAC is a leading protagonist lower fares on these routes and, the News Chronicle said in a rec( leading article, “it is not throu want of trying that only now, a only on a few routes to Colon territories, BOAC is to be alloy; to cut its fares. There is ho however, that this is the thin ed of the wedge. . .

“The routes on which the cuts s to be made do not come within t jurisdiction of lATA. But this bo could do well to take the hi: Britain’s principal airlines are qu powerful enough to go it alone cuts continue to be resisted. So s those of several other countri The rest would be wise to gi ground.”

Are The Peasants Sifting

On £2O Notes?

To prevent hoarding the F Government intends to call in i £2O notes over the next two yea The Financial Secretary, Mr.

R. Bevington, speaking during t Budget session of the Legislati Council, recently, outlined 11 situation.

Mr. Bevington said that the were about a £1 million worth £2O notes hoarded away somewhe —the total circulation of the notes amounted to £1,730,000, b the number in possession of ban on a recent check amounted value to only £494,000.

A great proportion of tho hoarded were believed to be in t] possession of peasant farmers possibly to the value of £1,200,00( All £2O notes now coming in banks will be withdrawn and £ notes issued to replace them, people want them.

In a year’s time it should 1 possible to see how many we actually being hoarded. If : million was being so hoarde £25,000 a year was being lost the owners in interest at savini bank rates.

Depending upon the number ( notes received during the ne: year, the Government may the announce that £2O notes are to I formally withdrawn and that the cease to be legal tender after tt end of 1961. Before then a publicil campaign will be launched 1 encourage the hoarders to put the: money to work or in the safety e banks.

“I hope all members will do a in their power to ensure ths farmers and others do not thin that Government is going to tak or nullify their savings,” said M: Bevington, “The reverse is the casi We are trying to safeguard an increase their savings.”

ladi "Will Not

e Overshadowed"

Nadi Airport has a tremendous iture and there was absolutely no istification for pessimism in some uarters that some other airport light take its place as the aerial rossroads of the Pacific, said Mr. . R. Rae, chairman of the South acific Air Transport Council in is address to the Council at its sth annual conference in New ealand in December.

Mr. Rae did not say so but it lay by assumed that he was herring to suggestions that Tafuna .irport, still being built in Ameri an Samoa, might steal Nadi’s aunder, or alternatively that 'ahiti’s new international airport light make inroads on Nadi rans-Pacific traffic.

Quake Damage, Skull Houses

)n Solomons Expedition

After completing three months in ae Western Solomon Islands as jader of an expedition to explore tie virtually unknown interiors of ae large islands in the New Georgia Iroup, Dr. Dick Stanton, of the Iniversity of New England, Armi ale, returned to Sydney recently.

He was assisted in the expedition y Dr. David Bell, a newly appointed

geologist in the Solomons, and about 30 islanders, some of whom had been with Dr. Stanton in the course of his two previous expeditions to the Solomons, in 1951 and 1956.

Working on the small launch Noula, much ground was covered, but it is understood that further work is needed to complete the undertaking. Towards the end of his work the old Miena (the ship on the 6d Solomon Islands stamp) was also brought into service. This work is to be continued by Dr. Bell.

The party had some interesting moments in the field, experiencing minor aftershocks of the August earthquake, and at one stage negotiating on foot from south to north the island of Vella Lavella, whose centre had been shattered

and vast areas of the jungle canopy thrown down into the gorges from the mountain tops.

Dr. Stanton described dangerous landslides of 1,500 feet and more, which it was necessary for them to climb.

He said that he had never seen anything like the shattered rock core of the central mountain Tu’umbuo. The surface effects' there had been very great, but the area was quite unpopulated, and there were no casualties.

The rivers must have been blocked for a while by a confused mass of shattered timber, rock and soil, but they had quickly cut their way through and were still depositing large quantities of sediment in the sea, which was stained brown for

[?]OWING THEIR OWN. How's that for a bunch [?]bananas! Perhaps not quite up to Islands [?]ndard, but these are growing in the garden the Ellis family in Auckland. Ron and Esther [?]rand-children of Mr. Bertie Leyden of Vavau) [?]ep a close eye on progress. Mr. Les Ellis, [?]rmerly of Tonga, brought some plants back [?]m Tahiti and planted them in March, 1957.

"PIM's" roundsman in December helped to eat [?]me sizeable and fully ripe fruit from the palms!

If a mile offshore near Parasa, on 2 north coast of Vella Lavella. rhe Islanders reported that the ck mudflows which followed the lin earthquakes smothered all uarine life.

Dn another occasion, while the rty was nosing into the mangrove amps of western New Georgia, jy came across partly sunken panese ships and barges almost rered by vegetation.

Vlany other relics of the war were icovered. The most conspicuous re piles of beer cans and Coca la bottles. rhe expedition was enlivened ten members of the party tripped er somnolent crocodiles, on one

occasion killing a 12-ft long monster with improvised spears and stones, in a mild scramble that lasted half an hour.

The central parts of these islands are rarely penetrated by Europeans, and the party were surprised by the number of places sacred to the heathen that they discovered. It is probable that these places have never before been seen by Europeans.

Skull houses, ancient graves con taining shell money, old walls, terraces and village sites were located in many places, particularly on Vella Lavella, Vangunu and Simbo.

Interesting material awaits the study of archaeologists.

Prince Tungi on

Extensive Tour

Tonga’s Prime Minister, Prince Tungi, is at present on an extensive business tour. He is expected back at Nukualofa late in January.

Prince Tungi left Nukualofa on November 23, travelling per Hifofua to Pago Pago. From there he flew to Honolulu by Trans Ocean Air lines to represent Tonga at Hawaii’s Admission Day celebrations which extended from November 26 to No vember 29 and marked the occasion of Hawaii becoming the 50th State of the United States.

From Honolulu, Prince Tungi was to fly to Manila via Wake and Guam, and after a week at Manila he was to fly on to Bangkok and Colombo. His schedule called for six days at Colombo.

He was then to leave by Comet jet airliner for Kuala Lumpur and Singapore, thence to Hongkong, where he was to spend Christmas.

Prince Tungi was to leave there on December 27 for Tokyo and from there would proceed to Ise on the Inland Sea to inspect progress on the new tuna longliner Teiko, which was launched in mid-November and is now fitting out.

From Japan, Prince Tungi will again fly to Honolulu and then to Nadi and Suva, from where he will return to Nukualofa.

Prince Tungi is believed to be discussing various agricultural, pro duce marketing, and purchasing matters along the route, and there are rumours that he is also making inquiries regarding the construction of another larger ship for the Tonga overseas trade.

[?]SENTATION. In Suva in December the captain the "Arcadia" Capt. G. A. Wild, received [?]n Lady Liku, a tanoa (carved kava bowl) [?]ch Lady Liku presented to the ship to mark [?]appreciation and that of the Fijian people the care given to her husband, Ratu Sir [?] Sukuna just before his death in the [?]cadia" while on his way to England in 1958. [?]M. W. Leivers and Sister P. L. Bissell, the [?]eon and nursing sister who attended him [?]le he was ill, watch the presentation. The [?]around Lady Liku's waist is known as a [?]ala, symbol of mourning to the Lauan people of Fiji. —Rob Wright.

>w High Chieftainess

>r Aitutaki

In day-long ceremonies, chants, il d celebrations in November, mrukura Tungarangi Ariki was wated to the rank of High deftainess of Aitutaki Island, in e Cooks.

Fhe coronation ceremony, in the cient native rite, was performed Taunga Monga, senior native test. Later a Christian service was nducted by Pastor Samuela of the IS Church.

as It Another

>st Explosion?

k sudden and complete radio le-out was recorded at Rarotonga 7.10 a.m., on November 30 (1840 tfT, November 30) and lasted for out half an hour.

Recalling the complete and pro iged radio fade-out experienced the Cook Islands when the aericans carried out their high ;itude nuclear bomb tests on igust 1 and August 11, 1958, near hnston Island, radio men at Raro iga were speculating whether other test shot had been fired or tether the fade-out was the re- It of a sun spot or solar flare. ie short duration of the fade t this time suggested it might ve been a natural cause.

ir the Card Collectors—

lother D-Xpedition

American radio “hams” in De tnber were planning another of eir DX (that means “long stance” in radio lingo) expedi n to far-away places. This time e target area is New Zealand’s ikelau atolls, where no indigen s “ham” exists. identifying letters are allocated to ery country in the world by the ternational Telecommunications ireau in Switzerland with the reement of the member countries, ie “ham’s” constant aim is to ike contact with as many of these untries as possible, and to obtain and display on the wall a rification card for every one of e separate prefix-letter areas, hen even two “hams” make con ct for the first time they ex ange cards.

In recent years American “hams” ive financed expeditions to many lall, isolated territories where ere are no “hams”.

There, with the permission of the sal authorities, the expedition embers set up shop with portable uipment for a few hours, days, or seks, and make contact with as any overseas stations as possible,

and especially the stations which have helped with their dollars to finance the expedition.

Eventually cards are printed bearing the call-sign allocated to the station by the local administration, and those cards are sent out to all who were lucky enough to make contact.

Apparently, however, the New Zealand authorities insisted that a British “ham” would have to be included, and that the license would actually be in his name. This was OK by the Americans, but the problem was to find a British “ham” nearby who could spare the time Finally, Mr. Peter Alexander, of Vatukoula, Fiji, arranged to make the trip. He and Mrs. Alexander,

together with Dr H W. Meredith and his wife, sailed from Suva for the Tokelaus on December 29 by the chartered Maroro. It will be a busy week for them, after they set up their radio gear—they plan to make contact with about 10,000 “hams” throughput the world dur inS that short time. 7 , , Early last year a New Zealand “ham” did a DXpedition to Tonga for the benefit of the card collectors,

New School At

Palmerston Is.

A new school was completed at Palmerston Island in late November, the labour being provided by the local people from materials sup-

iied by the Cook Islands Admin tration and delivered by the onald schooner Tiare Taporo.

Most of the Island’s older build igs of European type were con ructed from, lumber washed up on le atoll from past shipwrecks, and om the timbers of such ships lemselves.

Much of the Island’s furniture has distinctive 19th century nautical avour about it,

ig Trimming of Fiji

Government Expenditure

Savings in many Government de artments are recommended by an conomies Committee which looked ito staffing and methods recently.

Under the scheme there would be substantial reduction of Public rorks Department manpower—from bout 3,400 to about 2,000 direct nployees.

This would be achieved by letting 11 major Government works to out de contractors, who would pre imably absorb a good deal if not 11 of the staff which would be pro ressively eased out of Government jrvice over a period of five years r more.

The PWD would continue to Derate certain Government services

like water supplies, and would do maintenance work on its own mechanical equipment, but by reducing its functions there would be a major reduction in stores held in reserve and in the staff necessary to onerate that section There will be a good deal of doubling up of jobs or down grading of certain jobs in other Goveminent departments, especially the medical department in the administrative and field sections.

Certain vacancies in the Establishment will not be re-filled, and certain salary scales will be reduced as ttie existing office holders retire or are transferred. There will be

some “streamlining” to make up for reductions in staff Female employees jjm not be happy to learn that it is rfttom mended that unmarried females should work the same hours as males, and that eventually the con cession to married females whereby they start half an hour late in the mornings, should also be withdrawn, . There will be no general increase in working hours- it was pointed out that th e i"e could be a reduction in staff if office hours for Government employees were ex tended by half an hour The pos sibility of staggering the lunch hour will be considered. (Over)

[?]ME SAVING. This refinement for sun louvres [?]uld be of value in the South Pacific. It has [?]en successfully developed in South Australia [?]Wunderlich Ltd. The louvres in the photo graph are in Adelaide's new satellite town of [?]zabeth, installed along the whole 161-ft. front the General Motors-Holden plant, and they [?]ver need adjusting. A photo-electric cell [?]erates the louvres in shutting out the sun's [?]ys right throughout the day. The whole [?]ocess is automatic, but a pushbutton control [?]can be used to over-ride the electric brain.

A suggestion that undoubte< will appeal to the females is tl the telephone be used more obviate the time wasted in writi unnecessary letters.

All recommendations have yet be approved by the Legislature.

GEIC Labour For

Santo Fishery?

Some Gilbertese may be employ the South Pacific Fishing < (N®) ktd. tuna fishing b£ at Palekula, Espiritu Santo folia mg a recent visit of inspection a a similar British-Japanese tu fishing company might later established in the Gilberts.

Tebati Teeta, of Kuria Islai and Kalwanati Tebano, of Aroi Island journeyed to Palekula in t fishing company’s refrigerat cargo vessel Santo Maru to vi the working conditions there.

There has been no stateme from the GEIC Government but is understood that the idea Gilberts labour going to Palekr is to train them for similar dut back home, in the event of sat factory arrangements being reach regarding the financing of a tu fishing base in the GEIC . p ago Pago has shown that the is no doubt that such a base cor be a valuable money earner through taxation—for a territory restricted resources like the GEI

Fiji Banana Legislation

To Be Re-Written

A . bill to establish a Banai Marketing Board in Fiji, which w to be presented at the Decemb session of Legco, is being wit] drawn and re-written.

A Government statement sa that 15 amendments had bei agreed upon and it would thereto be simpler now to re-write the bi The bill did not come into fori on January 1, as originally planne After the bill has been passe the Board members will have be selected. They will then probab have a number of meetings • decide on regulations to be mat under the new ordinance. The will then be submitted to tl Governor for his approval, afb which the Board will invite applies tions from persons who wish i become licensed suppliers—the sa overseas will be entirely in i\ hands of the Board.

All this is expected to take mar months.

Changes to the original bi (reviewed in PIM, September, ] 63), include a new definition of “supplier”. A grower may no longt necessarily be a supplier. Only th person delivering directly to th Board will come under th; definition.

Some of the powers of search c inspectors have also been reduce(

hey will no longer be allowed to ivade private residences in the ;ad of night in search of sub andard bananas or packing cases, heir activities will be confined to icking sheds.

Another important alteration is lat where suppliers were, under le original bill, to receive full lyment upon shipment, they will jw receive only a down payment itil all the shipping costs are ilculated —presumably a week or

yo after shipment.

olonial Development Fund

ssistance for Cathay

A remark by the Governor, Sir enneth Maddocks, in his opening idress to the Fiji Legislative ssembly in November to the effect lat the Colonial Development orporation was already participa on with Cathay Hotels (Fiji) Ltd. i the development of additional otels in the Colony was the cause : some surprise.

This appears to have been the rst news of any such participa on.

Sir Percy McNeice, Cathay’s lairman of directors in Fiji con rmed to the Fiji Times that Ivice had been received in October lat the company’s application for nancial aid had been accepted on le basis of a loan with the option f acquiring shares in Cathay iter.

Sir Percy did not reveal the mount of the loan.

Other interests in Fiji also in vested in building new hotels jem to have been taken by surprise rat such funds might have been vailable to them. From comment lade later in the Legislative buncil debates it appeared the orporation would be unlikely to stend similar financial assistance ) other hotel companies at this incture, as they will be operating d some extent in competition with iathay in which it has now com litted funds.

Emergency Voyage

To Chatham IS.

The officers and men of NZ Island Territories Department’s MV Maui Pomare sacrificed most of their normal Christmas-New Year leave in Auckland this year to make a special school children’s voyage to the Chatham Islands.

Because a RNZAF Sunderland flying-boat struck an uncharted reef in the only sheltered landing area in the Chathams in November, and because constant bad weather had prevented a re-s urvey of the

Waitangi lagoon by a party since Sent out, a flight with 20 children due to return home from schools in New Zealand had to be cancelled.

The land airstrip was considered unserviceable.

Maui Pomare, which arrived in Auckland from the Cook Islands on December 22 was the only suitable vessel available for the job. She was hastily discharged and was despatched on December 26, the children being sent by rail from south to join her.

The children thus missed their Christmas at home, but would have most of the school holidays there.

[?]REWELL. Popular Lae couple Mr. and Mrs. [?]J. Coolhaas are back in Sydney again—"gone [?]ish" after four years in the Territory, where [?]. Coolhaas was Regional Hydrographer with [?] Commonwealth Department of Works, Lae. [?]s. Coolhaas was well known for the interest she took in local kindergarten work.

etrol Caused a

iji Explosion

“Sorry, no petrol,” the signs said ; most of Suva’s petrol bowsers on ecember 9. The reason was a strike 300 petrol workers in the Colony a strike which touched off the ggest civil explosion in Fiji’s story. Here is the log of events: October 24. Wholesale and Re -11 General Workers’ Union opened jgotiations for increase of basic ly rate from £3/0/6 to £4/15/-, and r proportionate increases of other ,tes, payment of overtime, and rtain other improvements in con tions, retrospective to October 24. ibour Department was advised of jgotiations, which continued •©radically into December.

Final offer from oil company em oyers was for increase of basic ,te to £3/10/- as from January 1, 60, and for negotiation of other aims in February.

December 7. Negotiations broke >wn.

Some 250-300 oil company em oyees at Suva, Nadi and Vuda Dint come out on strike. Union jcretary James Anthony addresses rikers and other workers at Walu ay industrial area. Bus drivers id some taxi drivers strike in mpathy.

December 8. Government state ent condemns strikers for failure make full use of negotiating achinery. Rush on petrol bowsers t private motorists, remaining ,xis.

December 9. Oil companies’ tankers, corted by police, deliver petrol to tree Suva bowser stations. Some inor incidents in intimidation by rikers.

In afternoon, Secretary Anthony prevented by the police from idressing strikers and big crowd

of public unable to obtain bus trans port home from work. Police throw smoke bombs into crowd after it fails to quickly disperse. Some re taliate with stones.

Vandals join in wanton destruc tion of windows. Stone throwers continue activities through night, aided in eluding police squads by destruction of street lights 1 .

Official union statement rejects Government statement charges.

Some 300 casual workers at Millers and BP’s, in Lautoka, strike in sympathy, but no violence there.

December 10. Fiji Legislative Council, which had been in session, met and adjourned, voting sub stantially for no discussion of the strike or riots at this time. More stone-throwing and damage to the main Suva business houses in the morning, as Legco dispersed. Gov ernor announces Safety Regulations, including 7 p.m.-5 a.m. curfew at Suva-Lautoka-Nadi. Outdoor gather ings of more than three persons liable to be dispersed. Army Terri torials and police reserves called up.

In the afternoon, Mr. B. D.

Lakshman, MLC, at a public meet ing at Albert Park prior to the im position of the Safety Regulations, extracts a promise for the continu ance of essential services and for restraint from further violence from a crowd of about 3,000.

December 11. Worker buses resume skeleton service by union agreement.

Some biscuit company men come out on sympathy strike, but factory was already idle. Some further minor damage, apparently by vandals not connected with strike. Court hearings of arrested persons com mence, first at Suva gaol as a matter of convenience.

December 12. Fijian chiefs —members of Legco—address Fijians at open-air meeting, calling for re straint and condemning destruction by Fijians.

December 15. Interim strike settle ment announced.

December 18. Windows smashed in Millers store, at Lautoka, when union secretary Anthony is refused permission by police to address unionists at an open-air meeting.

Curfew, which had been eased slightly, was reimposed at Lautoka.

Governor announces total damage in the Colony assessed at about £20,000. Private estimate is about £14,000.

December 20. Curfew totally lifted throughout Colony.

December 21. Hotel bars reopened for normal 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. hours.

December 24. Governor announces appointment of Commission of In quiry into riots at Suva, to com mence its work late January fol lowing completion of arbitration proceedings between union and em ployers.

—Rob Wright.

Fiji Had Seen Nothing

Like It Before

The reasons for the Suva riots— and there are many of them—will be argued for a long time yet, but the actual occurrences of the three days from December 9 are the events which will remain in the minds of Suva residents of all races. Fiji had seen nothing like it before since Cakobau ceded the islands to Queen Victoria in 1874 Events had moved slowly early in the day of December 9—th|e third day of the oil workers’ strike.

The Government that day de cided to deliver petrol from the depots to the petrol bowsers, under armed guard.

First reaction was a lighting strike by taxi drivers. They then went to the Suva bus station in Rodwell Rd., pulled the bus drivers out on strike by devious means — threats, cajoling and appeals to “workers’ loyalty”.

With the transport system now suddenly paralysed, thousands of Suva workers moved towards the bus station after knocking-off time.

The police earlier had sent out a riot squad to that area. Mobile police patrolled Rodwell Rd. for its full length.

The riot squad was soon in action. It broke up a procession of placard-carrying strikers (mainly taxi drivers) at the corner of Prince’s and Margaret Streets.

Large crowds watched this brief episode.

With no means of getting home, stranded workers moved from the bus station to a vacant allotment at the end of Rodwell Rd., just opposite the Phoenix Theatre, where Mr. James Anthony, secretary of the Retail and Wholesale General Workers’ Union was to address the striking oil workers.

As a big crowd gathered, and spilled on to Rodwell Rd., mobile and riot squad police took up posi tions nearby. Mr. Anthony’s arrival caused a stir.

The police, a few minutes earlier, had announced twice over a loud speaker from a Landrover that there would be no meeting. They gave an indication there would be trouble when they asked all women and children to leave. They then refused Mr. Anthony permission to address his meeting.

The riot squad, with perfect dis cipline, under Assistant Superin tendent L. W. Allen-MeUph, and armed with batons as big as pick handles, carrying wrist shields, and wearing; steel helmets, stood in Rodwell Rd. facing the crowd All wore respirators. The crowd had now grown to something like 5 000 or 6,000.

A policeman now hurled a smoke gas bomb into the crowd. There was

Members of the po[?] riot squad, with s[?] helmets, shields [?] batons, await m[?] trouble in a Suva m[?] street. Shop at re[?] Stinsons, owned by Mayor of Suva, [?] badly damaged [?] looted in the rioting.

With petrol rationed and hundreds of cars queueing up, police (right) take over some Suva petrol pumps. Be low, crowds watch cars queue at a service station in Rodwell Road, markets and bus ter minus of Suva, and main trouble spot during the riots. —Rob Wright.

;lld scatter as they tried to avoid smarting smoke. ■unning in all directions, they a melted away to a safe distance. en-Mersh, at the head of his :ad, and with a rearguard of six ijmen, marched along Rodwell lome of the crowd, angry at nt had happened, began to throw les at the police, who carried on liinchingly. llen-Mersh halted hi s squad i or three times during the rch and stood facing the crowd, st of whom were still apparently dldered by what had happened, opposite the bus station the ad came to its final halt, where Indian MLC made an appeal calm, and said that an Indian ncillor would arrange trans t for them. .t odd intervals people in the wd continued to throw stones at police, and one of them, istant Superintendent Eric Smith

[?]n leader Ratu G. T. Cakobau, after the main [?]ng, addresses a crowd gathered in Albert to listen to a union leader. He and other [?]n chiefs who spoke asked the crowd to re member Fiji's good name.

Crowds above flee

from police during

the first day's dis turbance in Rodwell Road. Suva stores soon barricaded their windows (right) against stone throw ing. The size of the stones can be seen along the kerb at left.

Top photo: D. L.

Low, others Rob Wright.

10 was in plain clothes and tak photographs) was hit on the j of the head. inally, exasperated by the stones, police threw more smoke bombs I again the crowd withdrew idly to a safe distance.

Tie crowd jeered some passing torists and stoned a petrol ker (which should never have n allowed into the area). The wd also jeered and booed the ice.

Tie big crowd slowly came to iler again, mainly in the bus fcion. ncidents were now occurring ularly. Several of the riot squad ised a man into a lorry park, and en he surrendered and was lost surrounded another riot ad policeman charged into him full gallop. ’he crowd was by this time be riing incensed, and the hail of nes became thicker. The police tin retaliated with their smoke nbs, although what they were empting was not apparent. /Ir. Anthony drove past during quiet moment and the crowd, ►tting him, followed his taxi to i vacant lot where he had planned speak. The riot squad police piled 0 a special bus and followed.

This time the police wasted no le. They broadcast a quick warn : to the crowd to disperse and in began to heave their smoke nbs again, in all directions, even bystanders on high ground, who re not interfering.

There was no escape from the oke, which was cruel to the eyes d harsh on the throat.

The crowd, now thoroughly roused, )lied with stones from a safe tance. The riot squad was ever ick to form up, and now ready go into action with their batons, ich they had not used up till m.

IThe hooligan element in the >wd then started on its trail of itruction.

With most police at one end of dwell Rd. they raced into Robert -1 Rd., between the new Car iter Building and Burns Philp.

Grabbing any ammunition they could they began throwing it at all exposed glass.

Carpenter’s had earlier taken the precaution of battening all plate glass windows on the ground floor, but the upper storey windows were exposed to the mob’s fury. It was a mystery where the stones came from, for the area all round the two buildings is paved. In fact the appearance of stones during the two days was a mystery, unless the crowd picked them up in the un paved portion of land between Rod well Rd. and Harris St.

Several people, wise after the event, claimed they had heard stories that taxis had been taking

them to the area earlier that day.

The hooligan element continued its destruction around Rod well Rd. after dark, having smashed all street lights to make it easier.

That night the Government did nothing to prepare for possible future violence. On Thursday morn ing groups of hooligans—arrogant and noisy—walked exultantly along the streets, with not a policeman in sight.

The Government had not arranged to meet until noon to approve emergency regulations, although it was apparent to many people in Suva that the urgent need was to break up the small groups early.

By noon there had been real trouble, with more window smash ing, with European cars, and Euro peans stoned.

One photographic store which had its window smashed had all its photographic equipment dragged out and broken up on the pave ment. The main stone throwers and looters were little boys and girls, principally Fijian, but some Indian —with Indian adults and some Fijians shouting in approval.

“The scar of those few hours,” said one man later, “will take a lot of healing.”

News got around that Mr.

Anthony would talk in Albert Park in the afternoon, and the mob began to stream down to the waterfront, throwing stones at windows as they Went. (Over)

Late in the afternoon the emer ency were announc but at the public meeting Mr. B. : Lakshman, Indian MLC, spoke. I said that all the violence had stop.

“And they did it,” reported i onlooker. “They walked home aga like lambs”

The main part of Suva w like a ghost town that night. The was peace, if little sleep.

Next day the same little grou began to form and some people we worried. A popular view was that the police had had their men the streets jollying the crowd alon London Bobby style, keeping the moving, better control would ha been had. But the police appear* to operate as a kind of mobi force directed from headquarters trouble spots.

But despite the small grou* events remained fairly quiet in tl streets. During the morning, M Anthony decided to let the bus run in the mornings and evenings Mr. Lakshman tried to introdui a motion into the Legislative Com cil, asking for an inquiry into tl police action in throwing smol bombs on the first day. The Go-' ernment closed the session on gag motion —a move that won it r friends.

Said a correspondent, “The Goi ernment showed no sense of urgent at any time during the rioting an came out of it badly. The polit were both active and well discipline but they appeared to adopt an ai titude of war rather than of keej ing the peace”.

Ixtensive Aid"

omised N. Caledonia

Extensive aid has been promised New Caledonia in various forms, e French High Commissioner for b Pacific, Mr. Pechoux, said in lumea in December, on his return )m a visit to Paris, where he had conference with Mr. Jacques ustelle, Minister in Charge of r erseas Territories.

Vtr. Pechoux said the Vietnamese estion had nearly been resolved, d he was confident that word iuld arrive soon that would settle Fhis statement was received with eat satisfaction in New Caledonia iere people for years have been itating to have the Vietnamese patriated to their homeland.

r. Hasluck In P-NG:

Friendly Ending

kfter a touchy beginning peppered th strong public criticism, the jcember tour of Papua-New linea by the Australian Minister : Territories, Mr. Paul Hasluck, ded on a fairly friendly footing.

Public leaders (including some onymous ones in the Adminis ati o n itself) criticised Mr. isluck’s early conduct of the tour, t later admitted that “some ing appeared to have been hieved”.

The tour lasted a fortnight, and vered Rabaul, Port Moresby, Lae, ivieng, Madang, Popondetta, and e Highlands. It was for “fact iding”, and to meet as many ople as possible.

But things got off to a bad start len Mr. Hasluck accused reporters persecution tactics at interviews Port Moresby and Rabaul. In e latter interview he showed a swspaper reporter to the door on e grounds that the reporter’s

;tions were cheeky and imper nt. :ie questions (without the vers, which were never given) later published. General ic opinion was that the itions were in the most part ./ant, and should have rated at :b some sort of answer, lis incident added fuel to the .ngs of some people in Rabaul Port Moresby that Mr. Hasluck side-stepping issues of impor ;e to the Territory, and that he doing too much listening with enough answering. /en before he had left Rabaul ral days later, however, there a swing in feeling. Much of swing was attributed to a ight from the shoulder talk 2h Mr. Hasluck gave to members Rabaul Chamber of Commerce, r. J. K. Dowling said after the ting: “This was the third major itation to Mr. Hasluck with Dh I have been associated in past three days.

Ve were disappointed with the . two, but this one was a beauty, came straight out and told us e of the real problems which and his administration are ng.

Vhen he does something like and we can see some of the ters from his point of view we in a much better position to erstand the whole picture.

Ve only wish he would come and talk this way more often id more publicly, if possible.” iter, on the New Guinea Main l Mr. Hasluck followed a very ely-organised itinerary which : him into contact with Ad istration and private people ■ a wide area. bst people said that they had id their talks with Mr. Hasluck rful, and that he had offered issist in a number of matters, ne of the most hectic meetings the tour was at Minj, in the igi Valley, a pioneer district re the residents are mainly iters, most of whom are vocal ments of Canberra policy, peakers at that meeting didn’t ler to mince words and for vhile it was heated, but it stened down when the Minister 3 as good as he got. Some ikers said they wanted real •esentation in the Legislative ncil not “the comic opera” slature they had. There was bund insecurity, and private iative, either by native or Euro 1, was regarded as an chronism. t. Hasluck made it quite clear : he is willing to listen to any ig reasonable, but he wanted s and figures and not abuse, bst people left Mr. Hasluck’s tilands meetings satisfied that 7 had heard something, but a hlands correspondent later re :ed: “There has been a reaction

here. People seem to have decided that the Minister’s policy was, ‘I am going to let you complain, and now that you have complained and I’ve heard it, you can shut up in future’. Time will tell. Perhaps the trouble is that there is not enough of these official visits—not enough opportunities to complain to the people who matter”.

The correspondent added that Highlands people who heard Mr.

Hasluck gave him full credit for his insistence on facts and figures, chapter and verse. Generalities didn’t matter to him.

Mr. Hasluck wound up his tour in Port Moresby—from where he had started—and the results of his visit were generally well received there.

Matters discussed throughout the Territory tour covered all possible subjects. Among the most prominent were roac j programmes, taxation, parallel development of all racial communities, primary production problems and requirements, travel facilities, education, radio broad casting policy, hospital develop ment, naturalisation of mixed race people, opening of new land for

rural development, financial ass tance for rural or indust]

development, shipping facilities

cargo, public service proble: constitution of Territory Gove ment.

Generally speaking Mr. Hash made no direct answer to i request put to him, but he t< details of circumstances and formation for later inquiry.

Some of the most significant marks he made during the b were: • As long as the Austral Government continues to prov two-thirds of the Territo] finance, the Commonwealth Par] ment will not relinquish the rij to have final voice in the Territc • Let there be no mistake ab the fact that the Legislative Coui of the Territory is specifics constituted to give a majority vc to the official government memb Precedence for this type of legis tive arrangement has been est! lished in British systems, and being retained because of necessity in a territory of the t; of Papua-New Guinea. • People at Port Moresby £ Rabaul can have local munici government if they really want If a sufficiently strong mass me ing asks for it, the government i be glad to sit down and talk over. • As Minister for Territories, ] Hasluck personally takes full £ final responsibility for administ tion of the Territory, but he is ] prepared to enter into pul inquisitions concerning pe o p responsible to him for that s ministration. • The Commonwealth Gove: ment has made a specific rep and decision regarding natural! tion of mixed race people, 1 details of the decision cannot disclosed as they are at presi before the Australian Departrm of Immigration which is the fi: authority in a matter of t nature. • If at any time a resident the Territory feels that he is g ting less than justice he is entit to write direct to Mr. Hasluck, approach him personally, and case will receive consideration.

An overall summary of the o come of the tour and the questk

icussed was given by Mr. Hasluck a broadcast speech shortly before returned to Australia. The tin points he made were: • The people of Australia as a pulation provided the guarantee security in New Guinea rather an did the Government. • The taxation system was not changeable or fixed, but was oject to adjustment as needs and iditions warranted. • In any case, the tax question d not loomed as large during the ir as might have been expected. » It was important that the >ple and the Administration Duld establish confidence between 3h other. Good government re ired an efficient, public service, t it also required co-operation by 3 citizen. » The white man’s future in w Guinea lies in the attitude it the native takes in 20, 30, or more years ahead. Therefore 3 white man’s relations with the tive today will in effect determine ; place in the future.

ought Still

rious In N. Caledonia

'Tew Caledonia’s drought re dned unbroken at the end of cember. The east coast had icived some good rains but the st coast, centre of the cattle tions, was still badly in need of battle in the north were dying i rivers drying up. >ome old identities said the mght was the worst they had Dwn. rhe once beautiful Yate Lake, med by the construction of the te Dam, is now more than half pty, and once submerged vege ion and dead trees make a iful spectacle. bridge, which was submerged ;h the filling of the lake and ,de necessary the construction of miles of deviation road, has v come to light again.

ocodile Shooter

ows Them How

n the first case of its kind iching the Territory of New inea, the High Court of Australia

in December upheld the appeal of a man who had been charged and convicted of having entered the Territory illegally.

In addition to upholding the appeal, the court quashed the conviction and awarded all costs against the Crown.

The man is 40-year-old New Zealand crocodile shooter Hewton (Ossie) Amess whose legal victory created a wave of interest throughout the Territory and capped one of the strangest stories the Territory has known in recent years. (PIM June, p. 143).

The story goes back to March, 1959, when Amess arrived in the Territory at Buin in his small motor vessel Vega, and with a native crew of one.

He carried a passport which was

stamped at Buin, after which he came on to Rabaul. Following a series of official investigations and messages between the administra tions of the British Solomons and New Guinea, Amess was charged with having illegally entered the Territory.

He appeared without legal repre sentation in Rabaul District Court and admitted that he did not have an entry permit. The court sentenced him to two months gaol on the charge, Amess decided to appeal on the grounds that as master of his own vessel he did not require an entry permit so long as his passport and other papers were in order, Meanwhile a wave of public support swung out to Amess who was confined to Rabaul Harbour

pending the hearing of his appeal and was thus unabll to earn money by shooting crocodiles.

Several private citizens and the RSL distress fund at Rabaul gave him financial help, and Mr. Dudley Jones of Rabaul, took the brief for Amess.

The appeal was heard before the High Court of Papua-New Guinea and was dismissed. Amess decided to take the case further, and it was listed for the High Court of Australia sitting in Sydney.

While waiting for the outcome of the second appeal, Amess arranged for his wife Suzanne to come from Brisbane to Rabaul, but at the last moment immigration officials prevented her coming. Later she was

able to arrange a ten-day temporary permit to visit her husband, and she went to Rabaul in November. . ..

Shortly before Christmas the High Court unanimously upheld the appeal, quashed the conviction, and took the unusual course of ordering all costs in both appeals against the Crown, It was a happy day for Amess— but he was not the first to learn of his victory because neither his barrister Mr. Jones nor the RSL which had helped him could find him for some hours, The news was finally brought to Amess by PI M’s representative at Rabaul.

Amess threw his hands in the air

and said: “This is the grea thing I have heard in nine mont In the bar of the Retui Servicemen’s Club a notice scrawled on a blackboard: “C Amess wins his appeal backed your local sub-branch. All c against Crown”.

Amess who drinks mai: lemonade—was in later to th the members of the club and : branch for what they had d The president of the sub-bra: Mr. L. M. Henry, asked him h to Christmas dinner, but Ar said he had been a tie on community too long.

He said: “I can’t thank you enough for what you have d The best thing I can do nov get out and earn some money guess I will spend Christmas a the crocodiles”.

And he did, too. Four days be Christmas, MV Vega clej Rabaul Harbour with Amess at wheel—and with a local na crew.

“I don’t know when I will back,” Amess said, “But it wil] when I am carrying as many si as possible. It might take a weeks, it might take longer, bu will be some day.”

Hotel Encouragement

Plan In Tahiti

Tahiti’s Assembly has just ] posed a plan to exempt from tj for a period of 10 years all hotel construction with a minin of 50 rooms. This is to encoui French and foreign capital.

Also being studied is a plar grade hotels, from the deluxe d< to the fourth class. At prei tariffs are high in Tahiti, and standard of comfort not good.

They Swallowed Up

Their Old Building

On December 23, 1949, a grou] ex-servicemen with the Pacific only four years behind them ope a Returned Servicemen’s Club ir old tin shed (ex-army) at Rab And on December 23, 1959years later to the day — the sj club officially opened the J section of its big new premises the same site as the old build The first building, which shipped from New Ireland, di( cost much (“but we can’t remi ber the actual figure off hand’ committee member said), but new building has already cost ir than £lO,OO0 —and there is a more to come.

And perhaps one of the stranj parts of the whole story is t the old building is already sta ing—inside the new one.

The old building will eventu be dismantled piece by piece “i whipped out the back door of new one”, as one member put neatly.

At present it is being allowed to ind undisturbed in a yet-to-be 'eloped section of the new build , but the billiard table inside it •still in use.

The new building is of pre dicated steel. Sections already med include the main bar and • lounge, a kitchen, store, and vice sections. Later additions 1 bring in a general lounge, liard room, main hall, and ac nmodation facilities.

The opening ceremony was a big :asion attended by nearly 500 mbers, associate members, wives d guests. Members assembled the bar in the old building and *n filed into the new bar lounge, . by the president of the club, Stan Weston, and the presi lt of the Rabaul RSL sub inch, Mr. L. M. Henry, rhe opening was performed by a uor member of both organisa ns, Major E. V. (Wally) Smythe, .0 has also turned the first sod earth for the new building, dr. Smythe spoke of the history the club and the way in which had developed.

Phe first drinks over the new r were served by three founda n members of the club, Mr. M.

Foley, Mr. W. Dupe, and Mr.

Flynn.

Tribute was paid to the members the committee for the big ume of voluntary work which d resulted in the building of the v club, and also to the club mager, Mr. Jeff Stone, who had rked outside his normal duties bring the project to success.

AL Electras

Dm February 1

TEAL’s new Electra turbine ipellor aircraft were to replace ; old DC6 aircraft on the ckland-Nadi and trans-Tasman vices from February 1. As eady announced, the Electras I take over from the Solent ing-boat on the Coral Route to hiti in the middle of the year.

The DC6’s will be stored at lenuapai, Auckland, pending ;ir disposal.

i's Biggest Land

lal Completed

The transfer of Colonial Sugar fining Company land in the wa Valley of Fiji to the Fiji ivernment in exchange for other id elsewhere in Viti Levu became ective on January 1. Some 77 >cks of land of from five to seven res have now been leased by the ji Government to ex-CSR iployees at £1 per acre per annum, rhe land transfer was the result the CSR decision not to replace s old Nausori cane mill, first CSR II to be established in Fiji, which s reached the end of its useful e, and to concentrate its sugar

production in the drier areas where the sugar content of the cane is higher.

Pacific Unaffected by

France's New Franc

On January 4, 1960, the new French “heavy” franc became fully official in France—bank notes now circulating bear in red the overprint of their value in the new francs.

For example, a 5,000 franc note now is marked “50 new francs”.

However, French Pacific Terri tories will not be affected by the change. Their currency is the Pacific franc (called the CPF) and the same notes and coins will con tinue to circulate in New Caledonia,

New Hebrides, and Fr. Polynesia as heretofore. No changes in the price of merchandise coming from France are expected.

The CPF franc, 18 of which hitherto equalled 100 Metropolitan francs, will keep its parity; for con version purposes now, the value of the CPF franc will be 0.055 heavy francs.

Cathay Hotel for Lautoka

Cathay Hotels (Fiji) Ltd., owners of the GPH, Suva, were given a con ditional licence for their proposed £lOO,OOO hotel at Lautoka, on De cember 24. Northern Hotels Ltd., owners of the present Lautoka Hotel, were refused a licence for a second hotel there in November.

What is the function of a United Nations Information Centre?

The question is in the news following the recent Trusteeship Council decision calling for the establishment of Information Centres in or near Trust Territories (PIM, December, p. 26). The resolution was carried by 59 votes to 12, with Australia and New Zealand being among those voting against it. Mr. Kevin Kelly (Australia) said he believed the resolution was ,{ not sincere”, and, he added, considering the references made to New Guinea during the debate, it was in fact “a formal insult to my Government”. UN documentation was readily available in New Guinea and Nauru to those who knew the language.

Here are the functions of a UN Information Centre, as stated officially by UN: It is expected (U) to help promote an informed understanding of the United Nations among the peoples of its area; (2) to provide information to the press and help cover any UN activities taking place in its area; (3) to publish or encourage other bodies to publish pamphlets, etc., on the work of the UN; (4) to engage in or encourage the use of radio and TV to spread information about the UN; '(5) to help newsreel and photographic press agencies and take part in the production and distribution of documentary films, filmstrips, posters and other graphic exhibits; (6) to maintain an enquiry and reference service, give out educational materials and accept speaking engagements; (7) to distribute free materials while also encouraging the sale of certain publications.

The Governor of Fiji, Sir Kenneth Haddocks, on December 24, nnounced the appointment of a Commission of Inquiry into the nmediate causes of the Suva riots. The sole Commissioner is the *hief Justice, Mr. A. G. Lowe.

The terms of reference are: T . ...

“To inquire into the immediate causes of the disturbances which ccurred in the city of Suva from December 9-12, 1959, inclusive and zto the events which occurred in connection with and related to such isturbances from December 7-12 inclusive ; to express such opinions elative to such events and disturbances as are necessary and to eP °The Commissioner was to institute his inquiries after the strike rbitration proceedings had been completed. These were to commence n January 11 and were expected to be completed by late January.

The Suva Riots

Here are the vital statistia of the Suva disturbances: Damage to private ana £2OOOO C pTOperty > m2 >°oo tc Seriously injured: Mr. Bruce Brownlee, merchandise man ager, Bums Philp Co.; a glasi sign dislodged by a thrown stone fell on him as he watched the riots. He was flown to NZ for expert medical treatment on January 7, after three weeks in CWM Hospital.

Wounded: A Fijian was shot in a scuffle with a special con stable. His condition (January 7) was “very good”.

Casualties: About a dozen other people were hurt by stones and in the melees; none seriously.

Arrests: 145 cases were heard, to December 23; 105 were con victed (mostly fined).

Cut Air Traffic"

The 'primary aim of the petrol strike was to cut in ternational air traffic through Wadi, a Suva correspondent re ported in December. He said that it had failed, because the government had taken fuel supplies to Nadi from the nearby Vuda Point installations under police escort.

He added, “When James Anthony was being interviewed ty overseas correspondents on this point he became very ex ited and denounced the Gov ernment’s action in escorting the fuel. It was a matter of jreat importance to him.”

In N. Caledonia

New Caledonia has just ha an epidemic of dengue feve\ particularly severe am on school children. Dengue ha become more prevalent ove the years in New Caledonic American forces during the wa did good work in keepin mosquitoes down, but the goo example has not been followec

Sentence in France

It was reported from Papeete n December that Pouvaana a Dopa, Tahiti’s left-wing political leader recently found milty of crimes of violence and sentenced to eight years im prisonment and 15 years vanishment from Papeete, may ve transferred to France to \erve his sentence.

Mr. Guiseppe Zavattaro

Supervising the last log to be icked on a pile for burning, Mr. niseppe (“Ned”) Zavattaro, man iing director of New Guinea In .stries Ltd., was killed when the j swung unexpectedly and crushed m, at Nadzab, Morobe, NG, on scomber 11. He was 58.

Well-liked and widely known, he ,d been a resident of P-NG for years. From Turin, Italy, he went North Queensland and, in 1935, is one of a small syndicate which ised a mining area in the Upper atut Valley, NG. He served with e US Forces in the war, and :er founded New Guinea Industries riginally formed to purchase my disposal stock).

Later, he branched out into other isinesses and became chairman directors of Lucas and Ducrow d. (transport and timber), Morobe mtations Ltd., and Munum Plant lons Ltd.

His funeral was the largest ever m at Lae. Mrs. Letizia Zavattaro aucluse), his widow, a daughter, rs. Diana Alcorzo, and son Walter, th of Lae, survive him.

Rev. Tom Dent

A. former BSI Methodist .ssionary, who served 12 years on ands in New Georgia group, died :ently in England, where he was retirement. He was the first white ssionary at Morovo, and among e people there his memory is kept een by the fact that many ildren have been given “Dent” as eir Christian name.

Mr. Jim Hoile

Dne of the early NG miners, Mr. n Hoile, died in a Sydney hos ;al at the end of November, fol ding heart attack.

He and his brother, Jack, had a ise on Lower Edie Creek in 1931 d later he was interested in a edging area on the Bulolo, but he ,s not one of the lucky prospectors, i will be remembered as the man io built and ran the first picture eatre at Wau—it was a boon to e amusement-starved miners of e old days.

Vlr. and Mrs. Hoile were evacu ed to Australia during the war, t returned afterwards to NG and ide their home on the old Jap ese wreck on the beach at Mala ng, Lae. They turned it into a ow place, with comfortable living arters and gardens.

He is survived by his wife (now [ng in Sydney), and two daughters, •s. Narida Tait (Lae) and Mrs. ,ione Smith (Minj).

Jommander R. B. M. Long

Commander Rupert Basil Michel ng, RAN (retd.), head of Aus

tralian Naval Intelligence during World War 11, died on January 8, aged 60. (See page 21 this issue).

Mr. Paul Vois

Mr. Paul Vois, a director of the Nickel Company, Noumea, in the early days of World War 11, died in Paris in December.

While he was returning to New Caledonia from Australia, just after the collapse of France, in 1940, on the Notou, the ship was captured by a German raider in the Pacific.

The Europeans, passengers and crew, were later taken with other captured voyagers to occupied France for internment; the native crewmen were dumped on Emirau Island, New Guinea. Mr. Vois wrote a book about his experiences and life aboard the raider.

He is survived by his wife, formerly of British nationality.

Captain Julius Lundin

After having retired only six weeks previously as master of MV Matoka, Captain Julius Lundin died in hos pital at Rabaul, NG, after a brief illness on December 5. He was 69, and had spent half a century on small ships in the New Guinea area and elsewhere.

ighty Boy Of

Cricket

S Fiji Cricket Association un onsciously slapped the Fiji lugby Union in the face when Nacanieli Uluiviti to dn the team which is now on in New South Wales. Two years ;he rugby moguls decreed that Iti would not go overseas again a rugby team. course, Uluiviti—Nat as he is n to his friends —was not on iwn, but the FRU firmly be l he was one of the “naughty” of that 1957 tour of New Zea- Nat, in his own quiet way, set 0 prove that he was not the

ter alleged.

th cricket ability above the ,ge, he showed that he was go ) be one of the first men chosen. appointment as 1960 cricket in was well received through riji, for apart from his ability is shown himself to be a keen nt of the game, and a good r, that happened on that 1957 was that Nat was inclined to his independence, to the dis- Drt of one or two who thought Fijians should be subservient 1 times, vever, Nat had gone to Auck- University for three years, and Plunket Shield honours for

Auckland province, plus a tour of NZ with the Fiji cricket team In 1954—when he was still an Auck land University student.

His attitude to the game is re freshingly Fijian, in spite of having been trained in the orthodox approach to the game. In Fiji they were saying that New South Wales cricket fans were in for something out of the ordinary.

The team received a royal wel come in NSW, with much made of their yaqona (with some of the usual assumptions that it was alcoholic) and sulus. But bad weather dogged them in their initial games.

Will It Be Too

Little, Too Late?

From Norman Baxter, in Suva IT’S on again. Fiji is talking about sending an athletics and box ing team to the 1960 Olympic Games at Rome. In the usual fashion the question of raising funds is again being left until very late. When officials are questioned they are inclined to be coy, and reply, “We have plans”.

The “plans” obviously boil down to a bite on the public, a polite sort of blackmail, an approach to those well off with the pointed sug gestion, “you can’t let Fiji down”.

Lack of finance almost prevented Fiji’s participation in the 1956

Olympic Games at Melbourne, the 1957 Malayan Merdeka Games and the 1958 Commonwealth Games at Cardiff. Only last minute public donations enabled the 1956 and 1958 teams to get away, while in 1957 Malaya, remembering the part Fiji’s soldiers had played in fighting the Communists for four years paid the piper.

Perhaps, after the 1956 and 1958 efforts, it would be dogmatic to say that Fiji won’t be represented at Rome. But unless the athletic officials move quickly there will be a final hurry and bustle as in the past.

All Now?

This old photograph should revive a few memories in Tonga. It is one of Tonga’s earliest Rugby teams— the Government Primary School team of 1923, when Mr. J. D.

Whitcombe, now of Auckland, was school principal. Mr. Whitcombe, who loaned this photograph, recalls that a copy of the Rugby code, which had been supplied by Mr.

Mahew, secretary of the Rugby Association of Auckland, was trans lated into Tongan by himself, Mr.

H. Selwood, Head Teacher of the Government College, and another teacher, Jone Tuhatoko. In the photo are: Back row—J. D. Whit combe, T. Fagalahi, T. Fufu, L.

Malohi, S. Fifita. A. Fisifau, C.

Vailea, and B. Fifita —a teacher.

Front row—J. Misi, J. Taliauli, A.

Aloi, G. Tuitavake, S. Takai (Cap tain), P. Tubou, J. Vikilani, and D.

Kefu. The last name is not avail able.

11 sailings are approximate and may vary by as much as two weeks.

Sydney-Papua-N. Guinea

V Montoro sails from Melbourne for ney, Brisbane, Port Moresby, Samarai, ,aul Kavieng. Madang. Lae, Port •esby. Last Sydney sailing: Jan. 18. t Sydney sailing April 14.

V Malekula sails from Sydney for ibane, Port Moresby, Samarai, Rabaul, vak. Alexishafen, Madang, Lae, Sydney, t Sydney sailing: Jan. 12. Next Sydney ings; Feb. 23, April 5. .

V Malaita sails from Sydney for Bris e. Port Moresby. Samarai, Rabaul, ibrum Lorengau, Madang. Lae, Samarai, ;bane, Sydney. Next Sydney sailing: Ly Feb., after docking. [V Bulolo, modern liner, sails about ry six weeks: Sydney, Brisbane, Port •esby, Samarai, Lae, Madang, Lom tn, Rabaul. Next Sydney sailings: Feb.

Mar. 21, May 4. etails from Burns, Philp and Co., Ltd., iridge Street, Sydney.

S Pakhoi: Leaves Sydney for Bris e Port Moresby, Samarai. Last Sydney ing: Jan. 12. Next Sydney sailing: Feb. [V Soochow: Leaves Melbourne for ney, Brisbane, Pt. Moresby. Samarai, aul. Kavieng, Madang, Lae, Pt. Moresby, t Sydney sailing: Jan. 15. Next Sydney ing: Mar. 4 (approx.).

V Shansi; Leaves Melbourne for Sydney, sbane Port Moresby, Samarai. Lae, iang, Wewak, Rabaul. Last Sydney Ing: Jan. 9. Next Sydney sailing: Feb. [V Sinkiang: Leaves Sydney for Bris e, Honiara rBSIP). Rabaul, Kavieng. awa (G&E), Rabaul, Lae. Next Sydney ing; Feb. 19 iapprox.), etails from New Guinea Australia Line Ire and Yuill Pty., Ltd., agents). 6 3ge St., Sydney. [V Elizabeth Boye: Leaves Sydnej ithly for Port Moresby, Lae, Rabaul. :t Sydney sailings: Approx. Jan. 29 ;er docking), late-Feb. etails from Karlander (NG) Line IF.

Stephens Pty., Ltd., agents), 176 Day Sydney.

Sydney-Netherlands NG

hree weeks service by MV’s Sigli, Silin ng, Sibigo and Sinabang carrying pas gers and cargo from East Australian ts to Hollandia, Biak and Sorong, NNG th call at Manokwari alternate trips), nee Borneo, Bangkok, Singapore, thence itralia direct. Last Sydney sailing; Igo Jan. 9. Next Sydney sailings: Sigli i. 18. Sinabang Mar. 8, Silindoeng Mar. ictails from Royal Interocean Lines, 255 jrge St., Sydney.

letherlands NG—Papua-NG

■he Dutch KPM Line operates MV ak (70 tons) from Hollandia, NNG, on sth of each month, to Wewak, Madang I Lae, in P-NG; and MV Karossa (2,000 s) from Merauke (south coast of NNG) tut every six weeks to Port Moresby NG), Sorong (NNG), Timordilly (Port, nor), and Singapore, with passengers i cargo.

United Kmadom-Australia-

Pnrt Mdrpchx/

rui I mui cawy The Federal Steam Navigation Co., Ltd., has extended its regular quarterly UK- Australia service to Port Moresby.

The vessels sail from Liverpool via Suez to Sydney, Brisbane, Townsville, Cairns, Port Moresby. Next vessel: Galway: Due Port Moresby Apr. 28 (approx.).

Sydney agents: Birt and Co. Chef 4 Bridge St. Port Moresby agents. Burns Philip (New Guinea), Ltd. .

Far East-Sth West. Or Centra

rdf tdil Jill. VWC3I. « vciMiai

Parifir

r dtlllL The China Navigation Co., Ltd., vessels Chefoo and Chekiang maintain a six-

weekly service from Japan to Hongkong thence southwards through Papua-New Guinea ports, BSI, New Hebrides, New Caledonia and Fiji, with an extension to Tonga if cargo is available; return to Japan direct, Chungking; From Japan via Hongkong, Rabaul, Madang, Lae, Samarai, Port Moresby Jan. 19, Townsville Jan. 21, Santo j an 30 Vila Jan. 31, Noumea Feb. 3, Suva/Lautoka Feb. 8, then return to Japan direct, arriving Feb. 26. She then will leave the service. oo: From Japan, via Hongkong, K avieng, Rabaul Jan. 27, Madang Jan. 30, Alexishafen Feb. 1, Lae Feb. 3, Pt. Moresby Feb. 8, Honiara (Tenaru) Feb. 11, Santo Feb. 15, Suva/Lautoka Feb. 18, thence return t 0 Japan direct arriving Mar 4 (approx.). Sails from Japan southwards again on Mar. 24.

Chek i a ” g: I D ® P I I J 0 a Q pa A/r kong, Rabaul Feb. 29, Madang Mar. 3, Lae

Mar. 6, Samarai Mar. 10, Pt. Moresby Mar. 14, Honiara Mar. 17, Santo Mar. 20, Noumea Mar. 24, Suva Mar. 28, thence return to Japan direct, arriving April 22 (approx.).

Details from China Navigation Co., Ltd. (Swire and Yuill Pty., Ltd., agents), 6 Bridge St., Sydney.

The Australia-West Pacific Line motor vessels Aros, Citos, Delos and Milos main tain regular services between Australian ports and Japan. Northbound vessels call at Manila, Hongkong and Japan; south bound vessels call at any or all of the following: Hongkong, Manila, Sandakan.

Madang, Lae, Rabaul. Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide, with quarterly calls at Gizo (opt.), Honiara and Vani koro. in BSIP; and at Santo and Vila, New Hebrides.

Citos; From Japan via Honkgong, North Borneo ports, Madang, Rabaul Jan. 20, Honiara Jan. 23, Lae Jan. 27, Brisbane Jan. 31, Sydney Feb. 4. Dep. Sydney Feb. 24, via Manila and Hongkong, for Japan, arr. Mar. 19.

Australia-NZ-Fiji-Canada-USA

’ Ja P?' n Jan - 14> +via,,H?ng £ong, Manila, B ° rn f op ° rt ®’ Madang Feb - 3 - Lae Feb - 5 - Rabaul Feb. 8, Honiara Feb. 11, Vanikoro Feb. 15, Santo Feb. 17, Vila Feb. 18, Brisbane Feb. 21, Sydney Feb. 24.

Delos: Dep. Japan Feb. 27, via Hi kong, North Borneo ports, Rabaul ] 20, Lae Mar. 24, Brisbane Mar. 28, Syi Mar. 31.

Aros: Dep. Sydney Feb. 9 for Jj direct, arriving Mar. 3. Dep. Japan so wards Mar. 12, via Hongkong, Nth. Bo ports, Madang Mar. 31, Lae Aprl Rabaul April 6, Honiara April 9, Brisl April 13, Sydney April 18.

Details from Wilh. Wilhelmsen Ag Pty., Ltd., 30 Pitt St., Sydney, or Isl; agents (R. Tebb, Lae; Town Trans] Rabaul; A. Strachan, Madang; BSIP T ing Corp., Honiara; D. J. Gubbay and Santo; Wm. Breckwoldt and Co., Vila]

Sydney-New Hebrides-BS

Bougainville, Etc.

MV Tulagl, 10 passengers, makes a r< trip Norfolk Is., Vila, Santo, Hon and BSI ports, Bougainville ports, lea Sydney about once every six weeks. 3 Sydney sailings: Jan. 29, Mar. 14.

Details from Burns, Philp and Co Bridge Street, Sydney.

Sydney-New Caledonia-

New Hebrides-Tahiti

Vessels of Messageries Maritimes 1 coming from Marseilles, via West Ir and Panama, call about every six w at Papeete, Vila (New Hebrides), Nou and Sydney, and return by same rc At present on this run are the me ships, Tahitien and Caledonien am chartered vessel, Melanesien. Next Sy< sailings: Caledonien Feb. 17, Tahitien 1, Melanesian May 13.

MV Polynesie (Messageries Maritii maintains about monthly passenger i ings between Sydney and Noumea the New Hebrides (Vila and Santo).

Sydney sailing: Jan. 15. Next Sydney i ings: Feb. 5, 26, Mar. 25.

Details from Sydney agents; Messagi Maritimes, 36 Grosvenor Street, Sydne

N. Zealand-Fiji-Tonga-Samc

MV Tofua maintains a service 1 Auckland to Suva, Nukualofa, Va Niue, Pago Pago, Apia, Suva and rei to Auckland. Next sailings from Auckls Jan. 26, Feb. 23.

MV Matua maintains a service 1 Auckland to Lautoka. Suva, Apia, Ni alofa, Lyttleton, Wellington, and rei to Auckland. Next sailing from Auckls Feb. 11.

Details from all offices of Union St Ship Co. of NZ.

Sailings of Orient and P. &

O. Line Passenger Ships

1960

Iberia

Himalaya

Orsova

Oronsay

Sydney

depart Feb. 6 Mar. 15 Apr. 23 May 27

Auckland

arr/dep Feb. 9 Mar. 18 Apr. 26 May 30

Suva

arr/dep Feb. 12 Mar. 21 Apr. 29 June 2

Honolulu

arr/dep Feb. 17 Mar. 26 May 4 June 7

Vancouver

arr/dep Feb. 23 Mar. 31-Apr. 1 May 9-10 June 12-i:

San Francisco

arr/dep Feb. 26 Apr. 3-4 May 12-13 June 15-lf

Los Angeles

arr/dep Feb. 27 Apr. 5 May 14 June 17

Honolulu

arr/dep Mar. 3 Apr. 10 May 19 June 22

Suva

arr/dep thence return thence Japan, May 26 thence Ja]

Auckland

arr/dep U.K. direct.

Far East and May 29 and Far E

Sydney

arrive U.K. direct.

June 1 July 18 Details from Orient and Pacific Lines, 2-6 Spring St., Sydney.

Jney-S. Africa-UK-Pacific

Ports-Sydney

w Savill’s one-class all-passenger iSouthern Cross makes four round urld voyages per year, two west , then two east-bound, calling at land Papeete every trip. On present ;; Dep. Sydney Jan. 18 for UK via own, Las Palmas, Southampton (arr. 52 1. Next voyage dep. Southampton 1, via Panama Canal to Papeete 25-26), Suva (Mar. 31), Wellington 4- Sydney (Apr. 9-11). returning irts to UK (arr. May 16).

N. Zealand-Cook Is.

passenger vessel Maui Pomare ains a regular service between and and the Cook Islands, ills on application to NZ Govern- Department of Island Territories, igton, or to any office of the Union . of NZ. Ltd.

. America-Tahiti-Central

Pacific-NG

Ific Islands Transport Line’s vessels Isle and Thorshall maintain a regular b from Pacific Coast North American with sailings over 35-40 days. Some depend on cargoes offering. rshall: Dep. Seattle (after drydock uver) Feb. 17, San Francisco Feb.

Los Angeles Feb. 28-29, Papeete 11-15, Pago Pago Mar. 19-21, Apia 22-23, Nukualofa Mar. 26-28, Suva 29-30, Noumea Apr. 1-4, Townsville -9, Lae (opt.), Pago Pago Apr. 17-19, ngeles May 2-4, San Francisco May rsisle: Dep. Vancouver Mar. 13, b Mar. 18-19, New Westminster Mar.

San Francisco Mar. 22-25, Los JS Mar. 26-29, Papeete Apr. 9-12, Pago Apr. 16-19, Apia Apr. 19-21, Suva 14-25, Noumea Apr. 27-29, Lae (opt.), Pago May 4-6, Los Angeles May 19- ,n Francisco May 22. ills from General Steamships Cor on Ltd., 432 California St.. San Isco, USA, and Islands Agents.

5- Pago-Fiji-

Australia

son-Oceanic Line of San Francisco ;es a regular five-weeks passenger service from Los Angeles with the ra, Sierra and Sonoma. (Alameda charter to an associate company for definite period.) Southern terminal vary with cargoes offering. Vessels t Papeete, Pago Pago and Suva, de ig on cargoes. ; Sydney sailing: Sierra Jan. 7. Next y sailings: Sonoma Feb. 28, Ventura larch. srlcan Pioneer Line has eight ships ;er Gem, Isle, Glen, Reef, Cove, Star, Gulf) on Australia - Panama -US tic Coast service with calls at te on southbound voyage. Sailings k. every 3 weeks.

Sydney-Fiji-Vancouver

Ific Shipowners, Ltd., of Suva (sub y of W. R. Carpenter and Co.) te a service three times yearly with i,OOO ton, 98-passenger vessel Lakemba the above route. Accommodation

is entirely first class, two-berth cabins, with calls at Suva, Lautoka and Honolulu.

Next Sydney sailings; Feb. 18 (approx.), then mid-April.

Details from American Trading and Shipping Co. Pty., Ltd., 19 Bridge St., Sydney.

Sydney-Fiji

MV Rona (4,500 tons) leaves Sydney every three weeks for Suva and Lautoka, with cargo and passengers (first class accommodation for eight). Next Sydney sailing: Feb. 5.

Details from Colonial Sugar Refining Co.

Ltd., 9 Bent St., Sydney.

Sydney-(or NZ)-North

America

Cargo vessels Waihemo and Waitomo, and others, operated by the Union Steam Ship Company of NZ, Ltd., main tain a monthly service across the Pacific, from Sydney to Vancouver and USA ports, via Suva, Lautoka, Nukualofa and Apia, as cargoes offer. Occasional calls are made at Fanning Island. They have limited passenger accommodation. Last Sydney sailing: Waitomo (for Fanning Is. and USA), Jan. 11. Next Sydney sailings: Koranui Jan. 19, Waihemo mid-Feb.

The Waltemata, from NZ ports, makes 3-4 trips yearly to Vancouver (via Raro tonga and Papeete).

UK-Panama-Fiji

The Fiji Direct Service, with various vessels, maintains sailings at regular monthly intervals out of London, via Panama, for Suva, Fiji, and occasionally to Lautoka. Bethell, Gwyn and Co., Ltd., act as Loading Brokers in London, and Burns Philp (South Sea) Co., Ltd., are agents in Fiji. Cargo for transhipment at Suva to Samoa and Tonga is handled on wards by the Union Steam Ship Co. of NZ Ltd.

Sailing dates from London for 1960 (sub ject to alteration without notice) are as follows: Feb. 11, Mar. 10, Apr. 7.

May 5, June 2, June 30, July 28, Aug. 25.

Sept. 22, Oct. 20, Nov. 17, and Dec. 15.

North America-Tahiti-N.Z.-

Sydney-Fiji-Samoa-Hawaii

Matson Line’s Mariposa and Monterey make round passenger trips from US Pacific Coast ports to New Zealand and Australia, via Pacific Islands ports.

Mariposa: Dep. San Francisco Feb. 14, Los Angeles Feb. 15, Papeete Feb. 23-25, Auckland Mar. 2-3, Sydney Mar. 6-9, Auck land Mar. 12, Suva Mar. 15, Pago Pago Mar. 16, Honolulu Mar. 21-22, San Francisco Mar. 27.

Monterey: Dep. San Francisco Mar. 2, Los Angeles Mar. 3, Papeete Mar. 11-13.

Auckland Mar. 19. Sydney Mar. 22-25, Auckland Mar. 28-29, Suva Apr. 1, Pago Pago Apr. 2, Honolulu Apr. 7-8, San Francisco Apr. 13.

Details from Matson Lines. Berger House, 82 Elizabeth Street, Sydney.

Far East-Fijl-NZ

Royal Interocean Lines operates a service from the Far East to NZ, with four vessels calling periodically at Suva and/or Lautoka.

They are Van Cloon, Van Nort, Van Neck and Van Waerwijck. Next calls at Fiji: Van Cloon Feb. 7-9, Van Nort Mar. 14-16.

Sydney-Tahiti-Europe

The Italian Sitmar Line (Panama flag) passenger motor-vessels Fairsea and Castel Felice (fully air-conditioned) sail from Sydney for Europe, via Auckland, Papeete and Panama at irregular intervals provid ing a sea connection in the eastbound direction only with Tahiti.

Next Sydney sailing: Castel Felice Apr. 15.

Details from Navcot Aust. Pty., Ltd., 58 Margaret St., Sydney.

Tonga-Fiji Shipping Service

The Tonga Shipping Agency, as agents for the Tonga Copra Board, operates a regular monthly cargo and passenger service between Nukualofa and Suva with MV Aoniu, 500 tons gross. Turn-round in Suva is usually two days, and the Agents there are W. R. Carpenter and Co. (Fiji).

Ltd.

During the first half of 1960, departure dates from Nukualofa will be; Jan. 16, Feb. 13, Mar. 12, Apr. 9, May 7, June 4, leaving Suva about four days later in each case.

Transpacific Services

1. Australia (or NZ)-Fiji-

Hawaii-N. America

(First and Tourist Class available all Services)

By Qantas Empire Airways

(Boeing 707 Jets)

Northwards

Tues.: Sydney (dep. 5 p.m.), Nadi (Fiji), Honolulu (Hawaii), San Francisco.

Wed. and Sat.: Sydney (dep. 5 p.m.), Nadi.

Honolulu, San Francisco, New York, London.

Pri.: Sydney (dep. 5 p.m.), Nadi, Honolulu, San Francisco, extending to Vancouver.

Sun.: Commencing Mar. 6. Dep. Sydney (5 p.m.), Nadi, Honolulu, San Francisco.

Southwards

Mon. and Fri.: London. New York, San Francisco, Honolulu, Nadi. Sydney.

Tues.; San Francisco, Honolulu, Nadi, Sydney.

Sat.: Vancouver, San Francisco, Hono lulu. Nadi. Sydney.

Sun.: From Mar, 6, San Francisco, Hono lulu, Nadi, Sydney. (Note: International Dateline crossed be tween Nadi and Honolulu).

Qantas Super - Constellation aircraft, under charter to TEAL, from Melbourne and Auckland connect at Nadi on Wednes days with Qantas northbound flights, and on Thursdays with southbound flights (see table 17).

TEAL Jet-Prop. Lockheed Electra air craft from Auckland, NZ, connect with Qantas northbound flights at Nadi on Tuesday and Saturday, and on Sunday and Wednesday at Nadi for southbound flights.

Qantas Fri. service ex-Sydney connects with BOAC London service at San Fran cisco (dep. Sat.).

BOAC service ex-London Mon. connects at San Francisco Tues. with southbound Qantas service.

By Pan American Airways

(With Intercontinental Jet Clippers*) Thurs.: Dep. Sydney 5 p.m. via Nadi (Fiji)

and Honolulu (Hawaii); arr. Los Ai Thurs. 4.25 p.m. Connections at 1 lulu for San Francisco, Portland Seattle.

Tues.: Dep. Los Angeles 8.15 p.m Sydney via same route; arr. S' 8.50 a.m. Thurs. (Note: International Dateline ci between Nadi and Honolulu.) * Pan American B-377 (Strato-Cli is used on a connecting service Aucl Nadi, Tafuna (American Samoa), Honolulu (see table 20).

By Canadian Pacific Airlini

(With Super DC-6B Aircraft) Every Thurs.: Sydney (dep. 1 p.m.), . land, Nadi, Honolulu, Vancouver on to Amsterdam).

Every Sat.: Dep. Amsterdam at 11 for Vancouver (dep. 1.30 p.m. £ Honolulu, Nadi, Auckland and Sy (Note: Crosses International Dateli: route.)

Sectional Services Ii

Pacific

2. Sydney-New Guinea

By Qantas Empire Airways

Northbound

(Super-Constellations) First Class Tues. & Sat.

Dep. An Sydney, 9.30 p.m. Brisbane, 11.45 Wed. & Sun.

Dep. An Brisbane, 12.45 a.m. Pt. Moresby, 6 Dep. An Pt. Moresby*, 7 a.m. Lae, 8.20 First and Tourist Class Mon.

Dep. An Sydney, 9.30 p.m. Brisbane, 11.45 Tues.

Dep. An Brisbane, 12.45 a.m. Pt. Moresby, 6 Dep. An Pt. Moresby*, 7 a.m. Lae, 8.20 First and Tourist Class Fri. Sat.

Dep. An Sydney, 10.30 p.m. Brisbane, 12.45 Sat.

Dep. An Brisbane, 1.45 a.m. Pt. Moresby, 7 Dep. An Pt. Moresby*, 8 a.m. Lae, 9.20 First and Tourist Class Thurs.

Dep. An Sydney, 8 p.m. Brisbane, 10.15 Thurs. Fri.

Dep. An Brisbane, 11.15 p.m. Townsville, 2.15 Fri.

Dep. Arr Townsville, 3.15 a.m. Pt. Moresby, 6 Dep. An Pt. Moresby*, 7 a.m. Lae, 8.20 (Jet Prop. Lockheed Electra) First and Tourist Class Fri. Sat.

Dep. An Sydney, 11.59 p.m. Pt. Moresby, 5 Sat.

Dep.

Pt. Moresby, 5.45 a.m. (for Manila and Hongkong).

Southbound

First and Tourist Class Fri.

Dep. Arr. 9.10 a.m. Pt. Moresby, 10.30 a.m.

Dep. Arr.

Moresby, 11.30 am. T'vllle, 2.10 p.m.

Dep. Arr. isville, 3.10 p.m. Brisbane, 6 p.m.

Dep. Arr. ;ane, 7 p.m. Sydney, 9 p.m.

First Class Wed. & Sun.

Dep. Arr.

9.10 a.m. Pt. Moresby, 10.30 a.m.

Dep. Arr.

foresby, 11.30 a.m. Brisbane, 4.45 p.m.

Dep. Arr. >ane, 5.45 p.m. Sydney, 7.45 p.m.

First and Tourist Class Tues.

Dep. Arr. 9.10 a.m. Pt. Moresby, 10.30 a.m.

Dep. Arr. loresby, 11.30 a.m. Brisbane, 4.45 p.m.

Dep. Arr. iane, 5.45 p.m. Sydney, 7.45 p.m.

First and Tourist Class Sat. )ep. Arr. 10.10 a.m. Pt. Moresby, 11.30 a.m. )ep. Arr. loresby, 12.30 p.m. Brisbane, 5.45 p.m. )ep. Arr. ane, 6.45 p.m. Sydney, 8.45 p.m. (Lockheed Eiectra) First and Tourist Class Sun. Arr. . Hongkong Pt. Moresby, 8.45 a.m. 1 Manila. )ep. Arr. loresby, 9.30 a.m. Sydney, 2.30 p.m. etween Lae and Port Moresby pas srs are carried in DC4 aircraft.

, Moresby-Cairns-Townsville

Pt, Moresby

uglas DC4. Dep. Port Moresby Sun. p.m.. arr. Cairns 3.05 p.m., dep. is 3.50 p.m., arr. Townsville 5 p.m., Townsville Mon. 9.15 a.m., arr. Cairns a.m., dep. Cairns 11.15 a.m., arr.

Moresby 2.05 p.m.

, P-NG Internal Services

Operated by Qantas

Drt Moresby-Kikori-Baimurd

(DH Otter) fule Island, Kerema, Baimuru, Kikorl: t. Tues., returning same day via limuru, Kerema, Yule Is. (Jan. 26, :b. 9, 23, Mar. 8, 22, etc.).

Rt Moresby-Kikori (Dh Otter)

fule Is.. Baimuru; Alt. Tues. return g same day (Feb. 2, 16, Mar. 1, 15, 29, c.).

Kerema, Baimuru, Kikori. Baimuru: t. Thurs. (Feb. 11, 25, Mar. 10. 24, c.), returning via Biamuru, Kikori, erema the following day (Feb. 12, 26, Jar. 11, 25, etc.).

Port Moresby-Daru (Dcs)

Baimuru; Alt. Thurs, returning same ly via Balimo (Feb. 11, 25, Mar. 10, , etc.).

Kerema, Baimuru; Alt. Wed. (Feb. 3, , Mar. 2, 16, 30, etc.), returning alt. •i. (Feb. 5, 19, Mar. 4, 18, Apr. 1, etc.).

It Moresby-Samarai (Dh Otter)

Moresby, Abau, Samarai each Mon., (parting Port Moresby 8.15 a.m., re rning same day.

Alt. Wed.: Port Moresby, Samarai, depart ing Port Moresby 8.15 a.m., returning same day (Feb. 10, 24, Mar. 9, 23, etc.).

Alt. Sat.: Port Moresby, Samarai, depart ing Port Moresby 8.15 a.m.. returning same day (Feb. 6, 20, Mar. 5, 19, etc.).

Alt. Sat.: Port Moresby, Samarai, Esa’ala, departing Port Moresby 8.15 a.m., re turning same day (Feb. 13, 27, Mar. 12, 26, etc.).

Lae-Madang-Wewak-Manus

Kavieng-Rabaul Service

(Dcs)

Mon.: Dep. Lae 6.30 a.m., Madang arr. 7.35 a.m. Wewak, Manus, Kavieng, Rabaul, arr. 3.45 p.m.

Tues.: Dep. Rabaul 6.30 a.m., Kavieng, Manus, Wewak, Madang, Lae, arr 3.55 p.m.

Thurs.: Dep. Lae 6.30 a.m., Madang, Awar, Wewak, Manus, Kavieng, Rabaul, arr. 4.05 p.m.

Fri.: Dep. Rabaul 6.30 a.m. Kavieng, Manus, Wewak, Madang, Lae, arr. 3.55 p.m.

Central Highlands (Dcs)

Fri.: Lae (7.45 a.m.) to Wabag, calling at any of: Goroka, Nondugl, Minj, Mt.

Hagen, Baiyer R., Kainantu, Wapena munda. Arrival back at Lae depending on stops made.

Lower Highlands

(DH Otter) Fri.; Lae (7.30 a.m.) to Goroka, calling at any of Gusap, Aiyura, Kaiapit, Rintebe, Kainantu, Goroka, Arena.

Arrival back at Lae depends on stops made.

Lae-Bulolo-Wau

(DH Otter) Mon.: Dep. Lae 7.30 a.m., arr. Wau 8.10 a.m.

Mon.: Dep. Wau 8.25 a.m., via Bulolo, arr.

Lae 9.25 a.m.

Wed., Sat.: Dep. Lae 8.30 a.m., arr. Wau 9.10 a.m.

Wed., Sat.: Dep. Wau 9 25 a.m., via Bulolo, arr. Lae 10.25 a.m.

Pt. Moresby-Wau-Bulolo (Dcs)

Wed., Sun.: Dep. Pt. Moresby 7.20 am., arr. Bulolo 8.30 a.m.

Wed., Sun.; Dep. Bulolo 8 50 a.m., arr.

Wau 9.05 a.m., dep. Wau 9.35 a.m., arr. Pt. Moresby 10.40 a.m.

Madang-Goroka-Madang (Dcs)

Mon.. Thurs.: Dep. Madang 10 a.m., via Mt. Hagen and Minj, arr. Goroka 12.30 p.m., dep. Goroka 12.50 p.m., arr.

Madang 1.25 p.m.

Madang-Lae (Dcs)

Sun.; Dep. Madang 7 a.m., arr. Lae 8.05 a.m.

Pt. Moresby-Mt. Hagen-Madano

(Dcs)

Tues. and Fri.: Dep. Pt. Moresby 7.30 a.m., via Goroka. Minj, arr. Mt. Hagen 11.10 a.m.; dep. Mt. Hagen for Madang (either direct or via airfields as re quired) 11.40 a.m.

Madang-Pt. Moresby (Dcs)

Tues. and Fri.: Dep. Madang 7.30 a.m., via Goroka, arr. Port Moresby 10.20 a.m.

New Guinea-New Britain

(Dcs)

Wed., Sun.: Dep. Rabaul 5.45 a.m., direct to Lae, arr. 8.15 a.m.

Wed., Sun.: Dep. Lae 10.30 a.m., Finsch hafen 11.30 a.m., Rabaul 1.45 p.m.

Tues., Fri.; Dep. Rabaul 5.45 am., Finsch hafen 8.10 a.m., arrive Lae 8.45 a.m.

Tues.*, Fri.: Dep., Lae 10.30 a.m., Finsch hafen 11.30 a.m., Rabaul arr. 1.45 p.m. * Calls Hoskins on request on Tues. from Lae.

Rabaul-Buin-Rabaul (Dcs)

Thurs.: Dep. Rabaul 6.30 a.m., Buka, Wakanai, Aropa, arr. Buin 10.30 a.m., dep. Buin 11 a.m., Aropa, Wakenai, Buka, arr. Rabaul 3 p.m.

Rabaul-Hoskins-Rabaul (Dcs)

Alt. Mon.; Dep. Rabaul 9 a.m., via Jacquinot Bay, arr. Hoskins 10.55 a.m., dep. Hoskins 11.15 a.m., arr. Rabaul 12.20 p.m. (Feb. 1, 15, 29, Mar. 14, 28).

Services By Mandated Airlines

(Scheduled flights with DCS Aircraft) Mon.: Depart Lae at 7 a.m. for Goroka, Madang, Wewak, Madang, Rabaul— remaining overnight. Depart Lae 7 a.m. for Goroka, Wau, Port Moresby.

Wau, Goroka, Lae.

Tues.: Depart Rabaul at 7 a.m. for Madang, Wewak, Madang, Goroka, Lae.

Wed.: Depart Lae 7 a.m. for Goroka, Madang, Wewak, Momote, Kavieng.

Rabaul. Depart Lae 7 a.m. for Goroka, Wau, Port Moresby, Wau, Goroka, Lae Thurs.; Depart Rabaul 7 a.m. for Kavieng, Momote, Wewak. Madang, Goroka, Lae.

Fri.: Dep. Lae at 7 a.m. for Goroka, Madang, Wewak, Momote, Kavieng, Rabaul —remaining overnight. Depart Lae 7 a.m. for Goroka, Wau, Port Moresby, Wau, Goroka, Lae.

Sat.: Depart Rabaul at 7 am. for Kavieng, Momote, Wewak, Madang.

Goroka, Lae.

LAE-HOLLANDIA (Neth. New Guinea) Qantas, with DCS aircraft Dep. Lae 11 a.m. alt Wed. (Feb. 3, 17, Mar. 2, 16, 30, etc.), calls at Madang and Wewak, and arr. Hollandia 3.30 p.m.

Dep. Hollandia 10 a.m. alt. Thurs (Feb. 4, 18. Mar. 3, 17, 31. etc.) and. with calls at Wewak and Madang, arr. Lae 3.50 p.m.

Biak (Nng)-Lae

Netherlands New Guinea Airlines, with DCS aircraft De Kroonduif NV (Netherlands New Guinea Airlines) maintains a fortnightly service between Biak, Hollandia and Lae with Dakota DC3 aircraft. The airline is a private company operated with the assistance of the Dutch Government.

Dep. Biak, alt. Wed. 6 a.m., arr. Hollandia 8.10 a.m.; dep. Hollandia, alt. Thurs. 11.30 a.m., arr. Lae 3 p.m.

Dep. Lae alt. Fri., 10 a.m., arr. Hollandia 1.30 p.m., dep. Hollandia 2 p.m., arr.

Biak 4.05 p.m.

4. Aust.-Netherlands NG

By KLM Royal Dutch Airlines (Super Constellation Service) A weekly service between Sydney (dep.

Fri. 3.45 p.m.) and Amsterdam with calls at Biak (NNG) and Manila (Philippines).

DC3 aircraft link Biak with Hollandia, Lae (see above), Sorong, Merauke, Tenah Merah. Manokwari, Noemfoer and Ransiki; Beaver to Kokonao; and Twin Pioneer to Seroei.

DC7C aircraft dep. Biak Tues. and Sat. at 2.45 a.m. for Japan, Alaska and Amster dam.

5. N. Guinea-Solomons

By Qantas with DCS Aircraft Mon.; Dep. Lae 6 a.m. for Rabaul, Buka, Munda, Yandina, Honiara (BSI), arr. 5 p.m. same day.

Tues.: Dep. Honiara 7 a.m. for Yandina, Munda, Buka, Rabaul, Lae, arr. 3.45 p.m. same day.

6. Paris-Saigon-Noumea

Auckland

Transports Aeriens Intercontinentaux with DC6B aircraft Dep. Paris every Wed. for Athens. Cairo, Karachi, Bangkok, Saigon, Djarkata, Darwin (re-fuel only), Noumea, Auck land, arr. following Mon.

6a. Noumea-Fiji-Papeete

TAI, with DC6B aircraft Dep. Noumea every Sat. for Nadi (Fiji) and Bora Bora (Fr. Polynesia); transfer to flying-boat for flight to Papeete (Tahiti), arr. Sat.

Dep. Papeete every Sat. on return flight (same route), arr. Noumea Mon. (Note; Crosses International Dateline between Nadi and Bora Bora.)

7. Sydney-Lord Howe Is.

Ansett Flying Boat Services Pty. Ltd. with Sandringham Flying-boats Regular return flight from Rose Bay base each Tuesday and Saturday (with extra flight Thursday as required).

8. Sydney-Norfolk Is.

Qantas, with Skymasters Alt. Sat. (Feb. 13, 27, Mar. 12, 26, etc.); Dep. Sydney 8 a.m., arr. NI 2.45 p.m.; dep. NI Sun. 2.45 p.m. for Sydney, arr. 6.45 p.m. (Flight extends NI-Auckland- NI. See table 12 below).

9. Sydney-Noumea

Qantas, with Skymasters Service suspended as from Jan. 1.

10. New Caledonia-Ne

Hebrides

TAI with DCS Aircraft Mon. and Fri.: Dep. Tontouta (N at 7 a.m., arr. Vila 9.15 a.m Vila 9.45 a.m., arr. Santo 11 dep. 12.30 p.m., arr. Vila 1.45 p.

11. New Caledonia-Fij

Wallis Is.

TAI with DCS Aircraft Dep. Noumea 6 a.m. second Tues month (Feb. 9. Mar. 8, etc.] Wallis Is. (via Nadi, Fiji) at 3.4 dep. Wallis 7 a.m. following (Feb. 15. Mar. 14, etc.), arr. I (via Nadi) 2.45 p.m. same day.

12. Norfolk ls.-Aucklai

TEAL, by Qantas (Charter) Alt. Sat. (Feb. 13, 27, Mar. 12, 26 Dep. Norfolk 4 p.m., arr. Auckla p.m. Return next day, Sun. (F 28, Mar. 13, 27, etc.). Dep. Ai 10.30 a.m., arr. Norfolk 1.30 p.m table 8 above).

13. Auckland-Sydney

Tasman Empire Airways, daily Jet-Prop. Lockheed Electras Daily: Dep. Auckland 9.30 a.m.

>ey 11.30 a.m.

Dep. Auckland 7.30 p.m., arr. iney 9.30 p.m.

Dep. Sydney 12.30 p.m., arr. Auck il 6 p.m.

IDep. Sydney 11 a.m., arr. Auck ii 4.30 p.m.

4. Christchurch-Sydney

with Jet-Prop. Lockheed Electras Tues., Thurs., Fri.; Dep. Christ rch 8 p.m., arr. Sydney 10 p.m.

Sun.: Dep. Christchurch 7.45 p.m., Sydney 11.40 p.m.

Wed., Fri., Sun.: Dep. Sydney 1 ... arr. Christchurch 6.30 p.m.

Christchurch-Melbourne

, with Jet-Prop. Lockheed Electras Sun.: Dep. Christchurch 8 p.m., arr. bourne 10.55 p.m.

Thurs.: Dep. Melbourne 12.30 p.m., Christchurch 6.30 p.m.

>. Auckland-Melbourne

with Jet-Prop. Lockheed Electras Dep. Auckland 8.30 a.m., arr. Mel rne 11.40 a.m.

Dep. Melbourne 1 p.m., arr. Auck -1 7.25 p.m.

17. Melbourne-NZ-Fiji

with Soper Constellation chartered from Qantas Dep. Melbourne 7 a.m., arr. Auck -1 3 p.m., dep. Auckland 4.15 p.m., Nadi 9.30 p.m. Return, same route, owing day. meets at Nadi with Qantas Boeing t service from Sydney to USA.)

18. New Zealand-Fiji

i, with Jet-Prop. Lockheed Electras and QEA Soper Constellations Sat.: Dep. Auckland 6.30 p.m., arr. li 10.15 p.m.

Dep. Auckland 4.15 p.m., arr. Nadi i p.m.

Sun.: Dep. Nadi 11 a.m., arr. Auck -1 2.55 p.m.

Dep. Nadi 11 a.m., arr. Auck -1 4.15 p.m. aesday flights ex - Auckland, and lay flights ex-Nadi are operated by i under charter to TEAL.

19. Fiji-Western Samoa

TEAL, with Solent Flyingboats Dep. Suva alt. Thurs., 9 a.m., crosses Date line, arr. Satapuala (Western Samoa) Wed. 1.55 p.m.

Dep. Satapuala Mon. at 8 a.m., crosses Dateline, arr. Suva Tues. 10.55 a.m. (Dep. Suva Feb. 4, 18, Mar. 3, 17, Apr. 14, 28, etc.; dep. Apia Feb. 8, 22, Mar. 7, 21. Apr. 4, 18 etc.)

20. NZ-Fiji-Am. Samoa-

Hawaii

Pan American Airways, with 8377 (Strato-Clipper) aircraft Dep. Auckland 4.45 p.m., Thurs.. arr. Nadi 10.15 p.m.; dep. Nadi Fri. 11.30 a.m.. crosses International Dateline. arr.

Tafuna (American Samoa) 3.45 p.m.

Thurs.; dep. Tafuna 5 p.m., arr Honolulu 6 a.m. Fri.

Dep. Honolulu 10 p.m. Mon., arr. Tafuna 7.40 a.m. Tues.; dep. Tafuna 8.40 a.m., crosses International Dateline, arr. Nadi Wed. 11.25 a.m.; dep. Nadi 6 a.m.

Thurs., arr. Auckland 11.35 a.m.

21. Fiji Tahiti

TEAL, with Solent Flyingboats Dep. Suva 9 a.m. alt. Thurs., crosses Inter national Dateline, arr. Satapuala (W.

Samoa) 1.55 p.m. Wed.; dep. Satapuala 2 a.m. Thurs.. arr. Aitutaki (Cook Is.) 7.30 a.m.; dep. Aitutaki 9.30 a.m. arr.

Papeete (Tahiti) 2 p.m. (Dep. Suva Feb. 4, 18, Mar. 3, 17, Apr. 14, 28, etc.) Dep. Papeete 7.30 am. alt. Sun., arr.

Aitutaki 11 a.m.; dep. Aitutaki 12.30 p.m., arr. Satapuala 5 p.m.; dep. Sata puala 8 a.m. Mon., crosses International Dateline, arr. Suva 10.55 a.m. Tues. (Dep. Papeete Feb. 7, 21, Mar. 6, 20, Apr. 3. 17, etc.)

22. Fiji Internal Airways

Fiji Airways, Ltd., with Heron and Drover Aircraft Suva-Nadi-Suva; Two flights daily— morning and afternoon.

Suva-Labasa-Suva: One flight daily.

Suva-Labasa-Suva (via Matei, Taveuni): One flight—Mon.

Suva-Labasa-Suva (via Savusavu): One flight—Thurs., Sat., Sun.

Suva-Savusavu-Suva: One flight—Mon.

Suva-Ura (Taveuni)-Suva (via Savusavu): One flight—Wed.

Suva-Ura-Suva: One flight—Thurs., Sun.

Suva-Matei-Suva: One flight—Sat.

Suva - Savusavu - Labasa - Savusavu - Matei-Suva: One flight—Tues.

Suva - Matei - Labasa - Matei - Savusavu - Suva: One flight—Fri.

Details from Fiji Airways Ltd., Victoria Parade, Suva.

23. N. Caledonia-Loyalty Is.

Internal Service

TRANSPAC, with Herons and Rapides Noumea-Mare; Tues. (dep. Noumea 2 p.m., arr. Mare 4 p.m.) and Thurs. (dep.

Noumea 8 a.m., dep Mare 10 a.m.).

Noumea-Ouvea: Wed., Thurs. and Sat. (dep. Noumea 8 a.m., dep. Ouvea 10.30 a.m.).

Noumea-Llfou: Tues.. Wed., Sat., (dep Noumea 8 a.m., dep. Lifou 10 a.m.), Thurs. (dep. Noumea 11 a.m., dep. Lifou 1 p.m.).

Noumea-Kounie (Isle of Pines); Mon., Sat. (dep. Noumea 10.30 am., dep.

Kounle, noon).

Noumea-Koumac: Mon., Sat. (dep. Noumea 1 p.m., dep. Koumac 4 p.m.); Wed. (dep. Noumea 2 p.m., dep. Koumac 5 p.m.). Note: On this flight a call will be made at Plaine des Oalacs If re quired.

24. French Polynesia Inter-

Island Service

Rescan Aerlen Interinsnlaire with flying-boats Thrice weekly service to the Leeward Group.

Wed.: Papeete (dep 7.30 a.m.), Huahine, Raiatea. Bora Bora, Raiatea, Papeete (arr. 4 p.m.).

Sat.: Papeete (dep. 7 am), Raiatea, Bora Bora (arr. 8.45 p.m.), Papeete (arr 11.30 a.m.), Papeete (dep. 3.30 p.m.). Bora Bora (arr. 4.45 p.m.).

Fri.; Bora Bora (dep. 7.30 a.m.), Raiatea, Papeete (arr. 9.30 a.m ).

Booking agents in Tahiti: Messagerles Maritimes, Qua! Bir Hakeim, Papeete.

25. Hawaii-American Samoa

Trans Ocean Airways Every second Wednesday, a Boeing Stratocruiser operated by Trans Ocean Airways, of Honolulu, Hawaii, makes a return flight from Honolulu to Pago Pago. (American Samoa).

[?] Search Moves [?]o The Solomons

v surprise announcement made over the Solomons 0 on December 10 that Oil

rch Ltd., of Sydney, was

otiating with the BSI Gov nent to acquire oil licences the Protectorate.

ITROLEUM Regulations for BSI were proclaimed early last year —unusual enough in themselves, e the Solomons have always been ight to be entirely volcanic, rever, geological exploration by Government has been under there since early in 1950 and present move, it is presumed, t be based on reasonably sound nises. here apparently was a hitch in :ing the announcement. It was inally intended that a simul ;ous statement would be issued Honiara and in Australia, but Sydney directors of Oil Search , did not make any public state it until December 23, when the dara announcement was already wn in Sydney. il Search has a 15 per cent, in st in Australasian Petroleum Co. , Ltd., which is actively engaged oil-seeking in Papua. However, BSI venture is being under m by Oil Search Ltd, alone.

60 Copra Prices

ay Be ‘ Satisfa ’

SPORTS from world copra producing countries In 1960 probably will be similar to 1959, 1 “a continuation of satisfactory :e levels”. hat was the opinion expressed on :ember 31 by Mr. Ian McDonald, irman of the P-NG Copra rketing Board. hilippines production should be k to normal and there should be d crops in the Pacific and Ceylon, onesian production should show siderable improvement. How r, improved standards of living producing countries probably will e care of the extra production, iforld production in 1959 was esti ted at 2,9000,000 metric tons e Pacific’s share being calculated around 265,000 tons).

ECEMBER PRICES. —December weekly rages for Philippines FM grade (basis

for Islands rates) was £Stg.B7/15/- (equal to £ AlO9/13/9), cif UK/Continent. com pared with £Stg. 88/12/6 (£AIIO/15/6) in November. The trend during the month was upwards; it began at £Stg.Bs/14/3 and climbed to £Stg.9o/5/2 on December 29.

It appeared that the US Government’s disposal plan for stock-piled coconut oil did not have much effect, after all, on the market —actually, it means the equivalent of 5,000 tons of copra reaching the market every six weeks, not over-much in a period of the year when production is low.

BSl’s GOOD YEAR.— Solomons Copra Board annual report (to September 30 last), released in December, showed re cords all round. Production was 22,125 tons (up from 20,287 tons in 1958); and the turnover, with high overseas prices, reached £A1.824,945. resulting in a net profit of £A151,201.

Average price paid to producers for Ist grade was just over £A7O (for the full calendar year of 1959, they averaged in excess of £A76). Quality was maintained at 63 per cent, hot air dried against 37 per cent, smoked.

For 1960, the Board will further narrow the price differential between grades.

When January rates are announced, they will be based on Ist grade £AI/10/- over 2nd grade, which in turn will be £A2/10/more than 3rd grade (smoked). Thus, the overall difference in price now will be only £ A4—in 1957 the difference was £ All.

Loloma GM to Form

Subsidiary Finance Cos.

Loloma (Fiji) Gold Mines, NL. made a smaller profit for 1958-59, compared with the previous 12 months —£A 85,665 against £A93.914 (1957-58). Profit came entirely from Australian investments. Mining operations in Fiji disclosed a deficit of £A28,126 (£A7.430 deficit in 1957-58).

The company paid a dividend of 2/- a share (unchanged). At the annual meeting last month, Mr. M. J. Cody (chairman) said the company is forming a finance subsidiary, Loloma Finance Corporation Pty., Ltd., to engage in underwriting and financing general and industrial develop ment activities. Asset backing of the parent would help the project—market value of Loloma (Fiji) GM investments equalled £2/17/10 a share.

Emperor's Profit Steady But

No Dividend for 1959

Emperor Mines, Ltd’s, operations in Fiji in 1958-59 showed a steady profit at £A22,734 against £A23,659 in 1957-58. No dividend was declared, however.

The company’s current production was being maintained at nearly the same level as last year, the chairman. Mr. John F.

Wren, said at the annual meeting in Melbourne in December. About 25 per cent, of the advantage of the Government subsidy was lost through increased operat ing costs.

PI Mines Will

Be Listed Next Month

Directors of Pacific Island Mines, Ltd., report that applications for shares in the recent issue (5,000 £5 ords. at par) have been received in excess of the minimum

amount. The company will immediately proceed to allotment.

Sydney Stock Exchange listing will be sought early in February.

The company plans to develop areas on Misima Is., Papua.

Bulolo GD Cos. Interested

In Lakekamu Field, Papua

An application for gold mining rights on Lakekamu River, Papua, has been made by Bulolo Gold Dredging, Ltd. The area was worked in pre-war days by individual alluvial miners.

Mr. A. E. Gazzard, BGD general manager, made this announcement on his return to P-NG from Sydney in December.

Tobacco Cos. Might

Manufacture in P-NG

Associated Tobacco Manufacturers (Hold ings), Limited, of Sydney, is considering a plan to manufacture part of its output in Papua and New Guinea, chairman Mr.

R. C. Moulton said at the annual meeting in December.

The net advantage of 3/9 lb to cover ex-Territory manufacturers was more than sufficient to offset the additional cost within P-NG, he said. A further announce ment will be made later on, he indicated.

Joint Test of Central

NG Highlands Areas

Australian Gold Development, NL, and King Island Scheelite (1947), Ltd., which are jointly testing and developing Mt.

Victor areas at Kainantu, Central High lands, New Guinea, report that work since May, 1959, has proceeded on schedule The areas are held by AGD under option.

Average assay of ore exposed in the workings is 4.7 dwt gold a ton. The grade indicates 70,000 tons of ore.

Enterprise of NG Production

The mine manager of Enterprise of NG Gold and Petroleum Development, NL re ported for December that 68 tons of ore treated yielded approximately 57 oz re torted gold.

CSA Sugar Price Lower

. Commonwealth Sugar Agreement price of raw sugar for 1960 will be 13/2

lower than in 1959, according to a London announcement in December.

Quotas will remain at a total of 2,375,000 tons, and the individual quotas will be: Mauritius, 470,000; South Africa, 200,000; Fiji. 170,000; Australia 60,000; West Indies and British Guiana, 900,000.

The agreement has been extended another year and, unless further extended, will now expire at the end of 1967.

First Shipment of

BSI Cocoa to UK

First commercial shipment of cocoa from BSI to Britain left the Protectorate at the end of 1959 by MV “Lossiebank”. Com prising seven bags (approximately 1.000 lb), it was consigned to an English choco late manufacturer—not a large quantity, by any means, but a start at least.

Cocoa was introduced commercially in BSI only in 1952, by Mr. R. C. Symes, of Ysabel. In recent years, the BSI Agri culture Department has been fostering the industry among native growers on Malaita.

Most European cocoa-plantings are in the Western Solomons—namely, on Rendova and in the Shortlands group.

The first year of a new decade opened with a buoyancy on the Sydney Stock Ex change that few observers thought possible.

Since last recorded (Dec. 2) in “PIM”. the index of Ordinaries rose from 306.08 to 311.81 when the stock market closed for 1959 on December 24; it re-opened on January 4 and, within a few days, the index rocketed to an all-time peak of 321.7. All groups rose under pressure of heavy buying.

A score of surveys on the 1960 economic outlook by experts in every field generally agree that export returns will rise by over £AIOO million, due to increased primary production, especially wool.

The Australian business outlook is healthy, with continuing expansion. Inflow ° f JL verseas ca P ital is still at a high rate.

T* l6 other side of the coin, however, is the increases in wage margins for skilled workers and others announced in late December that might well add £AI3O million to the nation’s wages bill. While it is too early yet to gauge the full effect manufacturers probably will be forced to

raise prices, which in turn could i another round of inflation and a living rises before the year is out

Sydney Sales Prices

Dec. 3. ’59 Jan.

Burns Phllp . 103/io: Burns Phllp (SS) . . 70/- 61 C.b.K Dylup Plantations ! £74/12/6 31/6 £1 •jf Hackshalls . . . 58/6 Jv Kauri Timber . . 22/- Dk 2( Kerema Rubber 9/- 26/- 12/- 8/9 5/9 Koltakl . . .

Lolorua . . .

Maribol . .

S 2( 15 t t Norfolk Is. Whaling Queensland Insurance Rubberlands 97/6 7/6 9f Sthn. Pac. Insurance 30/6 4( Steamships Trading . 48/6 51 W. R. Carpenter Hold. 24/3 2f Timor Oil 5/9 c

Oil And Mining Shares

Fiji

July 9. ’58 Dec. 3, ’59 Jan.

Emperor . b5/9 b6/b6 Loloma . . — b41/6 b4

Papua-New Guinea

Bulolo . . . b35/b36/- 1 N.G.Q. Ltd. bl/9*/ a b2/2 Oil Search b2/6 b5/5 i Ent. of N.O. b7d b3d i Papuan Apln b9d b3/10 t do. opt. . bGVid bl/7 t Placer Dev. b86/6 b99/6 t Sandy Creek b4d bid t

(Unless otherwise stated, quotation in Australian currency. Aust. £ approximately 16/- Stg., NZ, o Samoa; 18/- FIJI; 20/- Tonga, Solom WPHC areas; 196 Pac. Frs.; SUS 2.

Copra

The British Ministry of Food 0 Contract, which governed Copra in Papua and New Guinea, Fiji, W' Samoa, Solomon Islands, and Ollber Ellice Colony (and. to some exter Tonga and Cook Islands) expired oi cember 31, 1957; since when each 1 tory has made its own arrangement collection and marketing of copra.

Papua-New Guinea;—Aii Prodi

is delivered to Copra Marketing I controlled by six members, including planters’ representatives; and the : directs distribution and sales, and i payments to the producers. Prod; goes mainly to (a) Unilever (under tract covering 1960), (b) Australia local consumption) and (c) crushlnj in Rabaul. Prices generally arrangt accordance with ruling rate in Philip market, with premiums for hot-air i Prom July 1, 1959, P-NG < Board’s Tentative Purchase Prices, copra delivered main ports: Hot-Air I £A72/10/- per ton; FMS, £A7I per Smoke-Dried, £A7O per ton.

FIJI: —No Government control—prod sell where they wish. Bulk of copra to crushing-mill in Suva, whose on wharf, Suva, is announced each On Jan. 11 prices were: HAD, £F7S

Fmi, £P77/15/-; Fm2, £F76/10/-.

WESTERN SAMOA:—Official C Board receives all production, and same and makes payments to prodi Large proportion goes to Unilever Philippines FM grade rates, plus miums up to £S3 per ton for

ilried Prices unaltered since March, Hot-air dried, £867/13/8 per ton; 'dried No. 1, £S6S/3/8; sun-dried ■2, £B6l/13/8. »NGA:—Sales are under Government rol. Part of production goes to Europe, •r arrangement with Unilever con ed by Philippines prices, and part ,o open market.

DLOMONS:—AII production marketed ugh official Copra Board, at prices i on Philippines market. Price de id for December; Ist grade, £AB3; 2nd e, £ A 81; 3rd grade, £A77 per ton, BSIP ports.

XBERT AND ELLlCE:—Production keted in Europe through official Copra rd, at prices based on Philippines s, less “stabilisation fund” charges, SAMOA:— Producers receive 6 cents lb. 5134.4 or £A6O/5/- approx, per long . Periodic bonus, if average proceeds ed Govt, buying price and expenses. 1W HEBRIDES:—Price was approxi ;ly £ A 64 per ton delivered Vila/ o on Dec. 22. On Dec. 31, price was iOO Metrop. francs per metric ton, c.i.f. seilles. )OK IS /NIUE/TOKELAU: Subject to provisions of the copra contract he rn the Cook Islands-Niue-Tokelaus pers and Abels, Ltd., of Auckland, operate the only New Zealand copra hing mill, the price for the second of 1959 was £NZBS/8/9 for First ie, and £NZB4/3/9 for Standard ie. per ton, in sacks, f.o.b. Rarotonga/ /Apia.

Other Produce

)COA: —Islands prices are based on the for Ghana cocoa which, on Jan. 7, £ 5tg.233/10/- per ton, c.i.f., Sydney. . SAMOA:—Nominal price quoted in ley early Jan., £5245 f.0.b., Apia, le 1; £5235, grade 2. -N.G.: Jan. 8, quote No. 1 £A3OS ex rf Sydney; quote No. 2 £A3OO. )FFEE: —P.-N.G.: Jan. 8, good quality :rade, per lb, 4/2 to 4/4; B grade, to 4/3; C grade, 4/-, c.i.f., Sydney. early Jan. price quoted for Tanga a A grade was £Stg.36s; B grade, g. 355; Undergradings, £ 5tg.265, all ton and c.i.f., Sydney. Uganda Ro a was offering at approx. £Stg.lB7 . Sydney.

SANUTS: P.-N.G., Jan. 8, kernels; te Spanish 1/6y 2 lb; Virginia Bunch, (no recent sales).

LIBBER: —P.-N.G. price is based on :apore rate, which Jan. 7 had dropped No. 1 RSS, spot, 115% Straits cents per 41.25 d Aust.).

INILLA BEANS: Victor Karp. Tulk & Sydney, advised Jan. 8 that their iti agent reported “no stocks available sw season’s crop all going to France”.

ICE (Australian):—Price from May 1, I —P.-N.G.: Dry brown and dressed, lb bags, 5 tons and over, £6l/10/ton, f.0.w.; under 5 tons £62 per Vitamised and enriched white, 112 jags, 5 tons and over. £6B per ton, v.; under 5 tons. £6B/10/- per ton. er Pac. Islands: Dry, brown, etc., £7O ton f.0.w., Sydney or Melbourne.

EARL SHELL.—Firm quotations in Jan. independent M.O.P. shell agents were: nd £ AB5O, D £A6OO, E £A3OO, EE 200 (in store Sydney). Penrhyn ;g.400 (nominal), f.0.b., Rarotonga, ilhiki lagoon is still closed.

ROCHUS. —Little demand nominal e c.i.f. Sydney, Jan. 8, £260.

REEN SNAIL SHELL.—Strong demand, ticularly from Japan, has raised the

price to £A4OO per ton. P.-N.G. and 8.5.1. shell still in short supply.

London and US Quotations

Copra: London, Jan. 7, Philippines, in bulk, $229 per long ton, c.i.f., UK/North European ports. Straits/Borneo, FMS, de livered weights, c.i.f. UK/Nth. European ports. £ Stg.93 per long ton. New York.

Dec. 3, Philippines. $247.50 US per short ton, c.i.f., Pacific coast port. (£1 Australian is equal to about 2.25 US Dollars.) Coconut Oil: London, Jan. 7, Ceylon, in bulk, £ Stg.l4l per ton, c.i.f.. UK/North European ports. Straits crude, £Stg.l33/10/- c.i.f.

Rubber: London, c.i.f., Jan. 7, RSS No. 1, Spot 34y 4 d Stg. per lb; Jan., 1960, 33y 2 d Stg.; Jan./Mar., 1960, 33V 8 d Stg.

London Cocoa Position

LONDON.—According to reports there are some hundreds of tons of New Guinea cocoa in store in the United Kingdom, which is looking for buyers that aren't forthcoming.

About three well-known plantations in NG have firm orders with two of the big chocolate manufacturers here, but those producers who sent their cocoa to brokers here just on spec, are not doing much good.

UK manufacturers won’t readily depart from established formulae, based on cocoa from other countries; New Guinea cocoa, except in the few cases mentioned above, don’t come up to their requirements.

One opinion expressed here is that NG types would be more acceptable in Ger many or Switzerland where manufacturers already use types similar to NG to pro

duce “dark” chocolate. In the UK “milk” form of eating chocolate is popular one.

FlJl.—Through BANK OF NSW. ANZ BANK and BANK OF NZ. Australia on Fiji, basis £lOO Fiji: Buying, £Alll/2/6; Selling, £AII3. Fijl-London, basis £lOO London: B. £llO/15/-; S. £ll2. NZ-Fijl, basis £lOO NZ: B. £lll/11/9; S. £llO/4/3.

SAMOA.—Through BANK OF NZ. Aus tralia on Samoa, basis £lOO Samoa: B. £ A123/12/6; S. £124/10/9. Samoa- London, basis £lOO London; B. £99/7/6; S. £lOl/10/-. Samoa-NZ, basis £lOO NZ; B. £100; 8. £lOO/10/-. Samoa-Fljl, basis £lOO Samoa; B. £111; S. £llO.

NORFOLK IS. —Commonwealth Bank quotes exchange rate Australia - Norfolk Island: 5/- per £AIOO.

Papua - Ng.—Commonwealth Bank

(Pt. Moresby, Lae, Rabaul, Goroka, Bulolo, Kavieng, Madang, Wewak). BANK OF NSW (branches: Port Moresby, Lae, Bulolo, Rabaul, Madang. Samarai, Goroka; agencies: Wau, Boroko, Kokopo), ANZ BANK (Port Moresby, Lae, Rabaul) and

National Bank Of A/Asia. (Port

Moresby, Lae) quote exchange rate Australia-Papua-NG: 10/- per £AIOO.

French Pacific Colonies,—Pacific

(CPF) francs are used in New Cale donia. New Hebrides, and Fr. Polynesia.

FRENCH BANK (Comptoir National D’Escompte de Paris) in Sydney Jan., 1960, quotes: Selling, Noumea, 196 Pac. francs to £ Aust.; Papeete 194.3 Pac. francs to £ Aust.; 246 Pac. francs to £ Stg.; 88.55 Pac. francs to US $: Noumea. 18 Pac. francs to 1 French heavy franc (con version rate: 1 Pac. franc equals 0.055 heavy franc). Paris-London; Selling, 13.73 heavy francs to £Stg.

Akta-Vite ... 122 Amal. Dairies . . liO Angliss, W. & Co. 136 Arnott, Wm. ... 54 Aspro 38 Aust. Cotton ... 62 Ballina Slipway . 104 BALM Paints ... 6 Bank of N.S.W. .111 Bank of N.Z. . . 74 Berec Ltd 86 Berger Paints . . 62 Bethel I, Gwyn . . 150 Blackwood Hodge . 48 Blaxland-Rae . . 103 8.0.A.C 152 Bradford Mills . . 76 Braybon Bros. . 139 Brandts P/L . . 160 Bristol-Myers . .117 British Paints . . 16 Brunton & Co. . . 93 Bunting, A. H. . 86 B. 85, 90, 119, 141 Cadbury 13 Carlton Breweries 36 Carpenter Ltd. . 50, 106, 146 Castelow ... 87 Clark Equipment 144 Colgate 68 Colonial Meat . . 120 Colyer Watson . . 127 C'wealth Bank . . 5 Crammond Co. . 102 C. Co. . . . 155 Cystex 55 D. Meat Packers ... 122 Donald Ltd. . . 115 Douglas, W. Co. . 71 Dunlop Rubber . . 46 Econo Products . 14 European Express 153 Frigate Rum . . 115 Gardner Eng. . . 108 Garrett, D. & M. 157 Gilbey, W. & A. . 12 Gillespie Bros. ... 74 Gillespie, R. . 1, 94 Glaxo Lab. ... 75 Gordon's Gin . . 123 G.P.H. (Suva) . 148 Grant's Whisky . 138 Grove Ltd. . . 46, 70 Halvorsen, B. . . 102 Halvorsen, L. ... 98 Hah, G. B. . . . 88 Hastings Diesels . 8 Hellaby Ltd. ... 63 Hemingway Robert son Institute . 38 1.C.1 124 International Harvester ... 40 Island Industries 156 Kanimbla Hall . . 129 Kennedy, Capt. . 105 Kerr Bros. ... 142 King & Yuill . . 159 Kiwi Polish . . . 125 Kodak 6 Kopsen & Co. . . 114 Lawrence, A. . . 70 Lyons Trading Co. 105 Mcllrath's ... 145 Manokwari Slip way 96

Mai leys Ltd. . .

Mendaco . . .

Millers Ltd. . .

M. H. Ltd. . . V- Mu Maly & Byrne Mungo Scott . .

Nathan & Wyeth . . . .

National Bank o 1 Aust. . . .

Nautical Services Neill, B Nestles . . . .

N. Aust. Line Nile Products .

Nixoderm . . .

N. & R. . . 52,

N.Z.N.A.C. . . ,

Ogden Industries Orient Line . . .

Pacific Islands Transport Line Parke Davis . 30, Philips . . 134, P. I. Society . .

Piccaninny Wax Qantas . . . cc Old. Insurance .

Old. Milling . .

Ransomes, Sims I Jeffries Ltd. .

Reid, R. & Co. .

Rohu, Sil . . . .

Scientific Service; Co.

Scott & Bowne A/sia. Ltd. .

Seward Ltd. . .

Shaw Savill . . .

Sparklets Ltd. .

Stapleton, J. . .

S. P. Brewery .

S. P. Fish Co. . .

Steamships Tr. .

Stewarts Lloyd .

Sthn. Pac. Ins. ' Sullivan Ltd. . .

Swiss-Clox . . .

Taikoo Dockyard .

Tait, W. S. . .

Tatham, S. F. .

Taubman's Ltd. , T. . . . coi Thornycroft Co. , Tilley Lamp Co.

Ti I lock & Co. .

Tongala Milk .

Tooth & Co. . .

Tyneside Eng. .

Vacuum Oil Co. .

Ventura . . . .

Vi-Stim ...

Victa Mowers .

Walkers Ltd. . .

Waters, Edwd. 42, Watson Bros. . , Webster, D. . .

Western Barbed Wire & Nail P/L Westfield Freezing Weymark P/L . , White Rose . .

Whites Aviation .

Wills Ltd. . . .

Wrigley's . . . .

Wilhelmsen, W. .

Wunderlich . . .

Yardley ...

Yorkshire Ins. . .