Pacific Islands Monthly - 1 November 1953

Pacific

Monthly

November, 1953

Vol. XXIV. No. 4.

jhj

transmission by post as a newspaper ]

Royal Visit

to Pacific

A formal portrait (by Baron) of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, whose visit with HRH The Duke of Edinburgh, to Fiji and Tonga in Dec ember is regarded as probably the most important event in the history of both those Pacific coun tries. The Queen is wearing the blue Ribbon and Star of the Garter, and a diamond and pearl diadem which was reset for Queen Vic toria and dates back much earlier.

There now are comparatively few ship ping lines running on regular time-tables In the Pacific Islands. The following time taoies are only approximately correct— they are subject to much alteration at short notice:—

Sydney-Papua-N. Guinea

MV Bulolo, modern liner, sails about every six weeks; Sydney-Brisbane-Moresby- Bamarai - Lae - Madang - Manus - Rabaul -

Samaral-Moresbv-Brlsbane-Sydney.

Next sailing approximately December 16.

MV Malekula leaves Sydney approx.

December 4 for Samarai, Rabaul, Manus, Wewak, Madang, Lae, Samara! and return to Sydney.

Details from Burns Philp & Co. Ltd., 7 Bridge Street, Sydney.

MV Soochow and MV Shansi, modern 3,000 tons vessels, will leave every six weeks approximately (making a three

weekly service): Sydney-Brisbane-Port

Moresby - Madang - Rabaul - Pt. Moresby, BJrdney. Next sailing Shansi, about Nov. 30. Next sailing Soochow, about Dec. 10.

Details from New Guinea Australia Line (O. S. Yuill & Co., Ltd., agents), 6 Bridge Bt„ Sydney.

N. Zealand-Fiji-Samoa-Tonga

Motor vessels Tofua and Matua, from New Zealand, serve Suva (Fiji), Nukua lofa and Vavau (Tonga). Niue Is., Pago *ago (American Samoa), Apia (Western Samoa). Tofua leaves Auckland for any )r all of above ports at approx, five weeks ntervals. Matua calls at Wellington and jyttelton (NZ), Lautoka (Fiji) and sup ilements Tofua’s schedule in Islands, sailing at ports as directed by owners.

Tofua has been on annual survey.

Resumes from Auckland November 24.

Matua will leave Auckland on her next voyage on December U.

N. Zealand-Cook Is.

The NZ Government’s old motor vessel Maui Pomare is scheduled to leave Auck land every month for Rarotonga and other Islands in the lower Cooks, subject to requirements of trade. This vessel carries 30 passengers; her next departures from Auckland are Nov. 13, Dec. 10, and Jan. 7. On her return to Auckland after January voyage will withdraw for annual survey, expected to take about 2 months.

Pull details on application to NZ Government Department of Island Terri tories in Wellington, or to any office of the Union SS Co. of NZ, Ltd., which Company acts as Agent for this vessel at some ports.

Sydney-New Hebrides-BSI-

Rabaul, Etc.

MV Malaita makes a round trip at about 8-weeks intervals from Sydney to Lord Howe-Norfolk Is.-New Hebrlde* Ports - BSI ports - Bougainville - Raoaiu - Samarai-Sydney.

Next sailing from Sydney October 14 Details from Burns Phlip & Co. 7 Bridge Street, Sydney.

Sydney-N. Caledonia-Tahiti

Vessels of Messageries Marltimes Line, coming from Marseilles, via West Indies and Panama, call about every six weeks at Papeete. Vila (New Hebrides).

Noumea and Sydney, and return by same route. Details from Messageries Marl

times. Luxurious new liners Caledenien and Tahltien recently added to this service.

Small motor-ships Polyneslen (Messa genes i,*aritimesi and Neo Hebrldals (H.

C. Sleigh. Ltd.) maintain fairly regular service between Noumea and Sydney.

N. America-Fiji-Hebrides, etc.

Norwegian motor vessel Thorslsle, carry ing cargo and passengers maintains a regu lar service between North American ports and French Oceania, Samoa, Fiji, xsew Caledonia and New Hebrides. , LveAC bailing irom San Francisco Oct 30, Papeete. Nov. 12. Apia, Nov. 17. Suva.’ only) 21 ’ Noumea> Nov ‘ 28 - 'Dates approx.

Details from General Steamships Cor poration Ltd., f!2 California St., San Francisco.

Trans-Pacific Services

1. Australia (or NZ)-Fiji-

Hawaii-N. America

By Pan-American Airways

With Strato Clippers, using Sleeperettes and Berths mur. and Sun.—Sydney - Nadi (Fiji) janton Is.-Honolulu-S. Franclsco-Seattle ’ortland. and Mon,—Return via same route.

Thur. and Sun.—Auckland-Nadi (Fiji) Wed. and Sat.-Nadi (Fiji)-Auckland.

Connecting with Strato Clipper at Nadi.

Y British Commonwealth Pacific

Airlines (Bcpa)

(DC-6 All-Sleeper Service) Sat.-5ydney-Nadl (Fljl)-Canton Is.-Honolulu-S. Francisco-Vancouver on. and first Thur.—Dep. southwards.

Thnr / 0Ute ° n sec ond or alternate Thursday, flight commences at S Francisco.

Auckland-Nadi-Canton-Hono lulu-S. Francisco-Vancouver.

V ? ncouver and s - Francisco AulSand J: “ Samc route tc

By Canadian Pacific Airlines

(Cpal)

(With Super DC-6B Aircraft) e , Tuesday—; Sydney - Auckland - Nadi (Fiji) - Honolulu - Vancouver.

Bry Friday return by same route.

Sectional Services In

Pacific

2. Sydney-New Guinea

Service by Qantas Empire Airways , northwards nesdays and Saturdays (Skymasters) epart: Arrive sbln'e 7 ?? S? 1 Brisbane, 10.15 pm sbane, 11.40 pm Moresby, 6.30 am ■«by, 7.30 am Tje's^L onnectmg services north o(' Lae by ver to Bulolo and Wau. * n!« da f and Sunda ys (Sandringhams) depart: Arrive ney, 7.30 pm Brisbane, 10.50 pm fc.’ Mon", a ” Cairns, 7.05 am ■ns, 8.35 am Moresby, 12.25 am echvr * d on (Night stop) gy. 8.30 am Samarai, 10.30 am arai, 11.30 am Esa’ala, 12.10 pm (Alt. weeks)

Esa ala, 12.25 pm Rabaul, 3.25 pm The Wednesday Sandringham from Sydney terminates at Port Moresby a connection north to Lae on the following bay at 9.00 am being by D.C.3. • The Sunday Sandringham from Sydney arrives Moresby Monday and after a night stop there goes on to Rabaul via Samarai etc., on Tuesday.

Southwards

Sundays and Wednesdays (Skymaster) Depart; Arrive: Lae, 10.25 am Moresby, 11.40 am Moresby, 12.40 pm Brisbane, 7.15 pm Brisbane. 8.45 pm Sydney, 11.30 pm Connecting service from Wau by Drover Arrives Lae 9.35 am Saturday.

Thursdays (Sandringham) 0 u Depa s t ; Arrive: Rabaul. 5 30 am Samarai, 8.45 am Samarai, 9.15 am Moresby, 11.15 am Moresby, 12.15 pm Cairns, 4.5 pm . „ (Night stop) Cal £, n f- 930 am Brisbane, 3.45 pm (Fri.) Brisbane, 4.45 pm Sydney, 8.5 pm Saturdays (Sandringham) Dep art: Arrive: Moresby, 6 am Cairns, 9.50 am Cairns, 11.20 am Brisbane, 5.35 pm Brisbane, 6.35 pm Sydney, 9.55 pm A connection from Lae, with a DCS to pick up Saturday Sandringham, arrives In Moresby on Friday at 8.20 am.

3. N. Guinea Internal

Services

Operated by Qantas LAE—HOLLANDIA (Dutch New Guinea)

(Dcs)

Every 4th Monday (Nov. 30, Dec. 28).

Departs Lae 8 am, calls at Madang and Wewak, and arrives at Hollandia 1 5

a E s„i h s-rv D

ssvvrs* and MadanB

- (Dcs)

Every Wednesday.

Lae, 10 45 am; Finschhafen, Rabaul Kavieng, Manus (5.45 pm) Returns Saturdays (dep. 8 am), via , and Rabaul >’ optional call at Finschhafen; arr. Lae, 2.45 pm.

MORESBY-DARU (Sandringham)

l K r! re t m u’ ana (optional).

Klkor1 ’ L - Kutubu.—Every alternate

Friday, returning same day (Nov 27 Dec. 11, 25). 1

Rabaul-Moewe Harbour

(Sandringham) Alt. Wed. Rabaul-Jacquinot Bay-optional call Lindenhafen - Moewe Harbour - Talasea-Rabaul— (Nov. 18, Dec 2 16 30, etc.).

N.B.—The direction of operation changes with each service, 1.e., each alternate service operates Rabaul-Talasea-Moewe

Harbour-Lindenhafen (optional) -Jacquinot Bay-Rabaul.

New Britain-Bougainville

(Sandringham) Alt. Wed.—Rabaul - Buka - Kieta - Buin —(Nov. 11, 25, Dec. 9, 23, etc.).

Alt. Wed. (same day) Buin-Kieta-Buka- I Rabaul.

Lae-Madang-Wewak-Manus

Kavieng-Rabaul General

Service

(Dcs)

Mon,, Thur. Dep. Lae 6.30 am, Madang I arr. 7.35 am Wewak, Manus Is., Kavieng, Rabaul arr. 3.35 pm.

Tue. only Dep. Rabaul 8.00 am, direct Madang arr. 11.00 am, Lae arr. 12.35 pm.

Central Highlands

(Dcs)

Fridays.—Lae (8.30 am) to Wabag, calling I it any of: Nadzab, Kialpit. Arena, Kainantu, Bena Bena, Goroka, Nondugl, Banz, Mlnj, Mt. Hagen, Ogelbeng, Balyer R., Wabamunda, Wabag. Return to Lae arriving 6 pm.

Lae-Bulolo-Wau (Drover)

3ep. Lae.—Tues. 3 pm.—Mon. & Sat. 7.30 am. )ep. Wau.—Tues. 4.30 pm—Mon. 9.00 am —Wed. 12.35 pm. Direct to Lae in 35 minutes.

Lae-Finschhafen (Drover)

Svery 4th Tuesday, leaving Lae 1 pm, returning same day. (Dec. 1, 29, etc.).

Madang-Goroka (Dcs)

Wdays.—Depart Madang 8.25 am, arrive Goroka 9.00 am, returning same day; depart Goroka 9.30 am, arrive Madang 10.5 am.

Services By Mandated Airlines

With headquarters at Lae, this company ms regular services for passengers, relght and mails to all New Guinea ittlements.

4. Aust.-Dutch N. Guinea

By KLM Royal Dutch Airlines.

A weekly service with Constellations (tween Sydney and Amsterdam with a II at Biak, DNG, and Manila. Philippines.

DC3 aircraft link Biak with Hollandia, irong, Merauke and Tannah Merah.

5. N. Guinea-Solomons

By Qantas with DCS 3 Plights Every Pour Weeks* m. (Nov. 16, 23, Dec. 7, 14, 21, etc.), Lae (dep. 6 am) Finschhafen Rabaul Torokina (Bougain.) Vella lavella—Yandina—Honiara, BSI (arriv ing 4.25 pm). *■ (Nov. 17, 24, Dec. 8, 15, 22, etc.), Honiara (dep. 7 am) Yandina Vellalavella Torokina Rabaul Finschhafen—Lae (arriving 3.15 pm).

6. Indo-China-Brisbane-

N. Caledonia

By Air France, Monthly. astellation aircraft dep. Saigon, Nov. 29 and every 28 days thereafter for Darwln-Brisbane-Noumea, and return.

Btralian agents: Messageries Maritlmes.

7. Sydney-Lord Howe Is.

Ansett Flying-boat Service, with Sandringhams and Hythes. ilght services per month, return same 7.

8. Sydney-Norfolk Is.

By Qantas, with Skymasters. emate Thursdays (Nov. 19, Dec 3 17 i. etc.), returning same day.

9. Sydney-New Hebrides

By Qantas, with Sandringham (Weekly Flying Boat Service) Depart: Arrive: Sydney, Mon. 7.30 pm Brisbane, 10.50 pm Brisbane, 12.20 am (Tue.) Noumea, 7.00 am Noumea, 8.30 am Vila, 11.05 am Vila, 12.35 pm Santo, 1.50 pm (Night stop 1 Santo, 6.00 am (Wed.) Vila, 7.15 am Vila, 8.15 am Noumea, 10.55 am Noumea, 1.00 pm Sydney, 8.40 pm

10. Sydney-Noumea-Suva

Qantas with Sandringham Flying Boats—Weekly.

Depart: Arrive: Sydney, Thur. 7.30 pm Brisbane, 10.50 pm Brisbane, 12.20 am „ (Pri.) Noumea, 7.00 am Noumea, 8.30 am Suva, 3.00 pm Suva, Sat. 6.30 am Noumea, 11.00 am Noumea, 1.00 pm Sydney, 8.40 pro

11. Auckland-Norfolk Is.

By NZ National Airways, with DOS’s Sundays—From Auckland double service returning same day.

12. Sydney-Auckland

Tasman E. Airways, with Solents Tue a * S o Un V ( r? ept ; „ Sy< ? ne y 12 midnight arr ‘ 8- 2 0 am following day.

Sat., Sun.—Dept. Sydney 7.30 am, arr. 4 pm.

Dep Auckland 8.30 am, arr 1.30 nm Mon.. Tue., Thur.. Fri., Sat.

13. Sydney-Wellington

Tasman E. Airways, with Solents Dep. Sydney 10.30 pm Mon., Tue., Thur Fn. Arr. 7.30 am following dav ** Dep. Wellington 10.30 Tue.. Wed Prl Sat., arriving 3.45 pm.

14. Melbourne-Christchurch

Tasman E. Airways, with DC4 Skymaster Th o r f;~ Dep - Melb > 1025 P“: arr. Ch’ch.. 8.15 am next day.

Prl De P- Ch’ch., 11 am; arr, Melb., 5 35 pm.

15. New Zealand-Fiji

See Also Table 18.

Tasman Empire Airways, Ltd., with Solents.

Dep. Auckland—November 10, 17 24 December 1,5, 8, 12.

Return to Auckland on November 16 18 30, December 3,7, 14.

Depart Arrive uckland. 9.30 am Suva, 4.30 pm m, 9 00 am Auckland, 4.15 pm

16. Fiji-Western Samoa

See Also Table 18.

Tasman Empire Airways, Ltd., with Solents. ip. Auckland, Nov. 10, 24, Dec. 5,8, 22.

Depart Arrive ick.. 930 am Sat. Suva, 4.45 pm Sat. va, 6.00 am Sun. Apia, 11.05 am Sat, ila. 1.30 pm Sat. Suva 4.35 pm Sun. va, 9.00 am Mon. Auck., 4.15 pm Mon.

f. New Zealand-Chatham Is.

n the 1953-54 season, Solents will make hts to the Chatham Is. as follows: member 5, December 3, 14, January 27, rch 11. April 8. Departure from tkland 3.30 am, dep. Wellington 7.30 [ arr. Chathams 10.30 am. Dep. 2.30 [ same day for Auckland.

18. New Zealand-Tahiti

Tasman Empire Airways, Ltd,, with Solents EAL Service, Auckland-Suva-Apia itaki-Papeete, is operated with Solent ng-Boats once every two weeks. Dep. kland, Tuesday, 9.30 am. Arr. Suva ( pm. Dep. Suva (Wednesday) 9.00 [ cross International Date Line: Arr. i 1.55 pm Tuesday. Dep. Apia 2.00 [Wednesday. Arr. Aitutaki 7.30 am.

Aitutaki 8.30 am. Arr. Papeete 1 I Return by same route every alt. ay, leaving Papeete 7.30 am. ic next flights leave Auckland imber 24, December 8, 22, etc.

19. Fiji-Tonga

fasman E. Airways with Solents.

Suva December 2, 16, January 27, etc. lepart Arrive land, 9.30 am Suva, 4.45 pm

lesday) (Tuesday)

,7.00 am Nukualofa, 10.20 am

ednesday) (Wednesday)

alofa, 2.00 pm Suva. 4.10 pm

Bdnesday) (Wednesday)

9.00 am Auckland, 4.15 pm

lursday) (Thursday)

20. Micronesia

Qian services, based on Guam, using ined amphibious Catalinas, run re ly to Koror (Palau), Yap (West toes), Truk (Central Carolines), >€ (E. Carolines), Majuro (Marshalls) Saipan (Marianas). Details from -Ocean Airlines, Guam, via Honolulu.

. Fiji Internal Airways

r Fiji Airways, with twin-engine de Haviiand Rapides l to Nadi & Lautoka* and return ags—Daily except Thursday. After —Daily except Monday. i-Labasa: Daily. isa-Suva: Dally.

I & Lautoka to Labasa: Every day. isa to Nadi & Lautoka: Every Kcept Monday. i-Savusavu: Mon., Thur., Sat. -Taveuni: Tues., via Labasa; Thur., I (vusavu. l-Taveuni: Mon., via Nausori; Tue., I fausari and Labasa; Thur., via

1 and Savusavu.

call on Sundays.

Approximate Airways Fares

The following figures are not guaranteed accurate, but they are approximately correct. Details should be obtained from the Air Company named in the Table.

Unless otherwise Indicated, figures are in Australian currency.

The beautiful native-type home of Madame Margot Nordman, at Papara, Tahiti, narrowly escaped destruction in October. An oil stove exploded, setting fire to the thatched roof. By sheer good luck 30 men in a bus heading for an (illegal) cock-fight in Papeete were passing, and rendered immediate assistance, tearing out the burning sections of the roof and providing a bucket-brigade to douse the flames. r After two years in Sydney, Mr. and Mrs. Rolf Born will return shortly to Papua. Mr. Born, who is a member of District Services, has been taking the two years’ diploma course at the Australian School of Pacific Administration. He was stationed in the Northern Division of Papua just before the eruption of Mt. Lammgton and will be return ing to duty in that district.

J. , K eith Harmer, 22, a son of the late Mr. F. J. Harmer, recently gamed the degrees of BA and LLB at the University of Sydney, and has been admitted to practice as a solicitor. His father, who was an engineer on Nauru for 20 years remained with the Administrator, Lieut-Colonel Chalmers, on Nauru, to help the natives, when the Jap anese invaded in 1942; and, like the Administrator, he was murdered there by the Japanese.

Prom Sydney To—

Table Mngie tteiurn MO.

Moresby . £46 11 0 £83 16 0 2, 2a.

Lae .. .. 55 7 0 99 13 0 2, 3 Rabaul .. 64 10 0 116 19 0 2, 3 Honiara,

Bsi ..

80 7 0 144 13 0 5 Vila. N Hebrides 51 9 0 92 13 0 9 Noumea, NC . . 43 3 0 77 14 0 10, 9, 6 Norfolk It. 25 0 0 *5 0 0 8 L. Howe . 12 8 6 24 17 0 7 Nadi (Fiji) . 60 10 0 108 18 0 Suva (Fiji) . 64 2 0 115 5 0 Auckland 47 5 0 85 1 0 12 Wellington . ,. 47 5 0 85 1 0 13 Christch. (from Melb.) . 52 18 0 95 5 0 Honolulu . 225 9 0 405 16 0 1 S. Fran’co 279 1 0 502 5 0 Vancouver 279 1 0 502 5 0 1 Papeete (via Suva direct) . 129 18 0 233 17 0 19 PROM AUCKLAND (NZ Currency) TO: Norf. Is. .

Single Return Table No. £15 12 0 £28 2 0 11 Fiji . . . 35 15 0 64 7 0 1 16 Samoa . . 47 2 0 84 16 0 16 Aitutaki . 67 11 0 121 12 0 18 Papeete . 82 10 0 148 10 0 18

A.M.L. & F. . 112

A. & N.Z. Bank 100 Achun. G. . . 34 Akta-Vite ... 98 Aluminium Ltd. 92 Amplion Pty. . 54 A. & R. Ltd. . 24 Ardath Co. Ltd. 62 Amalg. Dairies 146 Arnold Eng. . 129 Armstrong & Sprlnghall . . 64 Amott, Wm. . 90 A. Ltd. . . 52 Aspaxadrene . . 9 Aspro 49 Assoc. Tr. Jnls. 135 Bank NSW . . 103 Bank of NZ . 126 Beth ell, Gwyn 3 B. Co. . . 50 Bleri, O. . . . 142 Bllson’s (NSW) 42 Blaxland Rae . 126 Blundell Spence 75 Borthwicks Ltd. 70 Brasso ... 46 Braybon Bros. . 53 Breckwoldt. W. 154 Breden, W. S. 122 Bristol-Myers . 11l Brunton & Co. 45 Bryant Bros. . 11 Bunge Pty. 42, 115 Bunting, A. H. 114 Burroughs Ltd. 144 B’way Motors . 61 5.P. 74, 85, 104, 155 3adbury-Fry . 108 Maine’s Studios 99 Carpenter 68, cov. iv Carpenter (Fiji) 119 Carr Pountney 118 Charmosan . . 27 Clae Engines . 128 Classified . . . 159 Colgate 44, 143, 157 Jolman & Co. . 97 Colonial Meat . 4 Columbia Pty. 26 Colyer Watson 8, 29 Cooke Bros. . 117 Irammond Co. 116 Cystex ... 61 Jangar, G. & M. 10 ►arling, J. Ltd. 74 tonald Ltd. . . 98 •ouglass, W. C. 67 'unlop Rubber 45 •ynon, J., Co. 140 Uwood, Jack . 93 rskine Stamps 153 t. Donald . . 106 veready Pty. . 71 Wrmile ... 131 arrer, Wm. . 154 errier & Dickin son ... . 125 ord Sherington 73 ranke and Heidecke . . 99 •igate Rum . 65 arrett, D. M. 160 arrick Hotel . 7 llbey, W. & A. 41 illespie Bros. 105 Ulespie, R. 1, 55, 63, 101. 113, 148 Ulette, Ltd. . 86 oodall & Co. 142 ordon’s Gin . 69 rahame Books 31 P.H. (Suva) . 12 rove Ltd. 33, 102 • & R. ... 23 andi Works 47, 107 irvey Trinder 132 llvorsen, B. . 121 ilvorsens . . 123 irdman, Hall 102 astings Diesels 134 iwleys Ltd. . 130 sinz & Co. . 109 sllaby, R. &w. 95

Holbrooks Ltd. 94 Hygeia Co. . . 66 Hytest Co. . . 136 Is. Industries . 51 Is. Transport . 133 Jackson, B. W. 38 Johnson’s Wax 137 Karp, Tulk Co. 71 Kasper Refrig. 91 Kennedy, Capt. 133 Kerr Bros. . . 50 Kerry, M. Pty. 141 Kiwi Polish . . 145 Kodak Ltd. . . 37 Kopsen & Co. . 127 Kwit Detergent 60 Lillis & Co. . . 36 Lincoln Electric 124 Mcllrath’s Ltd. 149 Mendaco . . . 105 Millers Ltd. . . 58 Morgan Vernex 72 Motor Tractors 138 M. H. Ltd. . 22, 59 Mungo Scott . . 97 N. & R. 23, 39, 121 Needham & Co. 66 NG Aust. Line 3 Nile Products . 96 Nirex Pty. . 24, 72 Nlxoderm ... 7 Nordman . 101, 157

Nznac ... 6

Oliver-Britstand 30 P. I. Line ... 5 Pan Pacific Co. 109 Papuan Prints 37 Parker Pens . 38 Polynesian Hotel 57 Prouds Ltd. . . 40 Qantas . . cov. ii Qld. Insurance 5 Qld. Milling . 135 Quirk’s Co. . . 76 Ransomes Co. 114 Reed, W. E. 129, 147 Refrig. Inst. Co. 87 Riverstone Co. 150 Robinson, G. H. 65 Rohu, Sil . . . 89 Sandy, J. Pty. 32 Saunders Ltd. . 28 Seward Ltd. . 136 Shell Co. . . . 43 Silver Jacket . 58 Sims, A. G. . . 2 Smith-Rees . . 110

S.M.P. Co. . ~62

Spruso Co. . . 31 S. Ltd. . . 93 Stewarts-Lloyds 70 Sth. Pac. Comm. 156 Sthn. Pac. Ins. 53 Sullivan Ltd. . 89 Tait, W. S. . . 94 Taylor & Co. . 49 T. . cov. iii Thornycroft Co. 122 Tilley Lamps . 139 Tillock & Co. . 56 Tongan Photos 107 Tooheys Ltd. . 88 Tooth & Co. . 106 Translators . . 147 Turners Supply 110 Tusculum ... 90 Tyneside Eng. . 35 Typewriter Eff. 118 United Radio . 117 Vacuum Oil Co. 120 Ventura Co. 46, 160 Vidal, Emile . 145 Vi-Stim ... 113 Vincent’s APC . 25 Waltham Tr, . 158 Warnock Bros. 151 Westfield Meats 48 Williams, Dr. 69, 87 Wills, Ltd. . . 152 Wise Bros. . . 54 Wright, N. R. 131 Wrigley’s ... 57 Wunderlich Co. 34 Yorkshire Ins. 125

Editorial: The Mission of Queen Elizabeth II 13 Another Indian Commission for Fiji 14 Queen Elizabeth’s Fine Gesture to Salote of Tonga 14 British Monarch in South Pacific 15 TEAL May Use Landplanes to Nadi 16 Do You Remember? Extracts from PIM of 20 Years Ago .. 16 Copra Price Next Year—Rates Should be Maintained .. .. 17 Appointment of New Niue Is.

Commissioner 17 Australia’s Dead in New Guinea —Some Aspects of G-G’s Visit to War Cemeteries 18 Samoa to Remain “Dry” ... 19 No Penal Sanctions Says Minister 20 Britishers Sustain Interest in Queen Salote 20 Editors’ Mailbag 21 Debate About Productivity of Papua-New Guinea 24 BSI Tax Challenge Dropped . . 25 Territories’ Talk Talk 27 Two Marine Disasters—Tonga and Fiji 31 New Guinea—Trout Angler’s Mecca of the Future 31 Fiji’s 79 Years of Progress .. 33 Fiji Can Expect Next Earth quake 200 Years from Now .. 34 Papuan Man is Madang DC 38 Less Whale Oil in 1953 Season 42 Last of Solomon Is. Scrap ... 43 New Guinea Beer Selling in Queensland 45

Emergency Procedure For Damaged Sandringham ... 46 US, Australia & NZ Co-operation Saves Seriously 111 Man ... 47 Coastwatchers’ Memorial Will Probably be a Navigation Light 50 P-NG Exports Were £IOJ Million in 1952-53 51 Japanese in Northern Solomon Waters 53 How Do Islanders Communi cate? 55 “Screeching Unlimited” from Australian Press and Radio .. 56 Suva Proclaimed a City .. .. 57 World Needs More Cocoa ... 58 Fishing By Electricity 59 Fiji’s Reluctant Rehabilitation of Exservicemen 63 Asiatics in New Hebrides ... 64 Swains’ Headache Labour Problem for Old Family ... 67 An Amazing Tongan Boxer .. 70 NG Stone-Age Men Sample Outside World 73 Trans-Busu Let Again 74 More Education for Samoans 75 Magazine Section: Tropicalities, 77; Suva Knew Tahiti’s Nature Man, 78; The Town the Yanks Left, 79; This Adam was a Kuku kuku 82 Samoa Abandons British Pre ference Tariff 94 Canberra Asked to Back Talk With Hard Cash 95 Nassau’s New Settlers Do Well 97

Western Samoa Under Micro scope g War on the Beetle IQ Snow on the Equator 10 Small NG Ships that Don’t Care iq The Basic Problem in Attacking Malaria 10 More Money for P-NG Public Works 10 P-NG’s 280 Students Cost Ad ministration £48,000 II Plans for the Islanders—l2th Session of SPC m For Pacific Radio Amateurs .. 11l Tongan Boxer Has Bout of Temperament h News of the Smallships .. .. 12 Niueans Appeal Against Con viction for Murder 13s Pointed Sticks in Place of Bull dozers on Highlands Roads .. 12 Prayer as Weapon Against Rhino Beetles is Sheep Possibilities in New Guinea 14^ Beetle Has Probably Been lii Fiji For 2 Years 1# City Council Poll in Suva .. .. 1# OBITUARY; William E. Cald well; Madame Jerusalemy Charles Gifford; Joseph Gib son; Madame Lagarde; F. W.

Clark; Sister Beatrice Dev enish-Meares; Mrs. A. Irvine; Mrs. John Grant is West N. Guinea Affected By Indonesian Chaos is Papua-N. Guinea Round-up .. IS Moderates Gain Control in Strange Vote in Tahiti .. ..is Commercial, Markets, etc 1©

The Newspaper-Magazine of the South Seas Distributed in AUSTRALIA. NEW ZEALAND and the following PACIFIC ISLANDS:

Australian Territories: Papua. Norfolk Is.

Cocos Is.

Aust. Trustee Territories.

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Vol XXIV, No- 4.

November, 1953

PRICE; 2/- Per Copy.

The Mission Of Queen

A CRISIS in human affairs, as well 1 as a very great event in the history of the British Empire, 5 marked by the arrival in the louth Pacific of our lovely and very ivable Queen, Elizabeth II of Eng md. , . * All the West European nations ave contributed much to the estab shment of the way of life which e call “Western Civilisation”; but le major contribution probably has ime from the British Isles. The inception of individual freedom, ommon Law, government by a arliamentary system based on one un-one-vote these things, hich have spread across the world i the forefront of Western civilisa on, are peculiarly British institu ans.

It is so huge, elaborate, complex, is structure we call Western Civi ;ation, that few can trace its his ry or see its design. Yet both are sar. They are based on the con ation that, whilst no two men are rn equal in quality, all men are titled equally to individual free m and opportunity. That is fun mental.

Western Civilisation was created d developed to serve the indivi al. The price of individualism is iustry, thrift, strict justice for e common man in every phase of man relations, and especially lss relations. While that prin ce was observed, Western civili an guided and ruled the world

and humanity as a whole made rapid progress towards higher stan dards of living.

GRADUALLY, under the growing complexities of life, individuals and classes lost their sense of moral obligation. The freedom of the individual has been sacrificed to the interests of sections and classes. Powerful groups prey upon weaker groups. The one-man-one vote system of government has been destroyed, because Parliaments no longer function as originally planned, as the direct representa tive of the common man their authority has been usurped by party organisations of ruthless power

Sectionalism, attended frequently

by corruption, increasingly domin ates most of the administrations based on the electoral system. The common man, bewildered and re sentful, knows not where to turn S , s °, me res P ects » the “Western World is like a mad house.

Upon this scene, to make confus ion more confounded, there have entered two new factors of grim significance the extraordinarily rapid rise of the world’s other two great races (the sophisticated Asiatics and the primitive Africans) to nationalism; and a cold-blooded conspiracy by a section of the Euro pean nations to substitute for the apparently discredited Parliamen tary system, which is based on in dividual freedom, a system of Total itarianism, in which the organised

State is supreme and the individual has no rights at all.

The Western European structure is not yet doomed; but it is now severely shaken. Unless it develops within itself a moral resurgence, so that greed, corruption and section alism can be thrust out of govern ment, and the protection of indi vidual freedom restored, the West ern European system will collapse, the horrors of Communism and inter-racial struggle will take its place, and humanity will suffer an other Dark Age, WESTERN EUROPE’S hope now lies in the English-speaking world. A combination of the British Commonwealth and the United States can save our civilisa tion But the call is for clear thinking, self-sacrificing leader ship, unity, and a merciless attack upon the evils which have cor rupted and partially destroyed our people’s faith in our governmental system evils like greed, nepotism, incompetence, dishonesty, and every form of corrupt sectionalism.

Above all, we need unity. We can save ourselves if we will forget internal dissensions and selfish class struggles, and stand together.

United, the “Empire on which the sun never sets” still can give secur ity and inspiration to the Western nations, in a world of terrifying politico-economic confusion.

British leaders are making a mighty effort to stop the social rot which has crept upon us in the stresses and exhaustion of two wars.

There have been many signs in the past year that British prestige is being restored, despite Red plot tings and the disconcerting racial

furies of blindly-developing nat ionalism.

But the unity of the British Com monwealth is vital.

And the first and chief purpose of the visit to us of our young Queen (the very first visit of a Brit ish monarch to the British coun tries of the South Pacific) is to seek our loyalty to remind us that to-day, as never before in our his tory, united we shall stand, divided we shall surely fall.

Patrol Officers

Port Moresby, Nov. 14.

rJO Patrol Officers in Papua- New Guinea District Services have been killed in the Tele fomin area of New Guinea. The officers are Cadet Patrol-Officer G. B. Harris and Patrol Officer Gerald Leo Szarka.

Telefomin is in the mountains not far from where the borders of Papua, New Guinea and Dutch New Guinea meet; it is one of the most isolated patrol-posts in Papua-New Guinea and has been established only since 1948. Natives around the station are regarded as being “under control” but further out they are still hostile.

Telefomin was mentioned in the records of some of the earlier patrols from Papua, notably by Karius and Champion. It was also a point on the route of some re sidents of Wewak, New Guinea, who escaped from the Japs in 1942 by walking from the Sepik River over land to the Fly, in Papua. Their journey took about eight months. (Following news of these tragedies, there has been considerable critic ism of the Minister for Territories, and his policy of bringing all of New Guinea under control within a specified period; and of District Services for sending young, inex perienced men to isolated areas like Telefomin).

Fine Gesture To Salote of Tonga

rE usually alert commentators of the world’s newspapers seem to have missed the significance of the change of plans made in con nection with the visit of Her Maj esty Queen Elizabeth II to Tonga.

As first announced, the Queen was to end her Suva visit late in the evening of Friday, December 18; sleep aboard the Gothic in Suva Harbour; sail for Nukualofa at 6 a.m. on Saturday morning, the 19th; and the Royal party were to arrive in Nukualofa on Sunday morning, 20th, and depart there from about 3 p.m. Sunday.

This would have given Queen Eliz abeth a quiet day at sea (Saturday) after her strenuous programme in Fiji; but it was discovered, follow ing the publication of the tour arrangements, that it would create quite a serious problem in Nukua lofa.

Most of the Tongans, including the Royal Family, are staunch Methodists and strictly observe the Sabbath, The arrival of the Queen of England, on a formal visit to Tonga, was an unprecedented hon our that called for every resource of Tongan courtesy and hospitality there must be feasting, dancing and welcome on a magnificent scale.

But (wailed the good church people) how could the Tongans really put their hearts into such a welcome if all the time they were conscious of

Sabbath-breaking?

Some folk treated it lightly; but, for the rulers of Tonga, it was a very real and embarrassing prob lem; and the echoes of it, sometime before Queen Salote returned from the Coronation, had reached Sir Ronald Garvey. Governor of Fiji, who has the welfare of Tonga within his official care.

No one knows what happened.

But we do know that at one stage the Tongan authorities seriously contemplated calling the Tongan Parliament together to enact a special Bill providing that, on that occasion, the Sabbath day should be observed not on Sunday, but on the preceding Saturday, or the fol

lowing Monday.

The Governor of Fiji is a shrewd tactician and we suspect that, some how or other, news of his dilemma reached Royal circles in London.

The next thing that was heard was Salote’s surprise announcement that Queen Elizabeth would arrive in Tonga on the Saturday morning in stead of Sunday morning and all was well with the Tongan Sabbath.

The Tour arrangements had been altered see report elsewhere.

It is probable that never before in international history was a more notable compliment paid by a great

monarch to a very small Kingdoms than the decision of Queen Eliza beth of England to forego her quiet: day at sea (on Saturday, December 19) in order that London’s idol* Queen Salote, and the tiny nations of Tonga, should be saved embar rassment over the observance ofl their Sabbath.

Sydney

Christmas Festivities

AS usual, parties for children and adults will be held at Christmas time this year by the New?

Guinea Women’s Club of Sydney.

The party for children will be orr Monday, December 14, commencing at 2 pm. All children of Terri torial who are in Sydney at thatt time are invited. Parents should: contact the Secretary of the Clulil at the club rooms, c/- Feminist; Club, 77 King Street, Sydney.

Donations are now being received: by the Secretary of the Club to entertain the kiddies at this annual treat. A complete list of donations will appear in the PIM for De cember.

The adults’ Christmas Party will! be held on December 18, commenc ing at 6.30 p.m. All Territorianse ex and actual, are invited to the Club Rooms on that evening to participate in what is always a very bright occasion.

Commissioner tor Fiji

DR. Nagoji Vasudev Rajkumai has been appointed Commisi sioner in Piji for the Govern', ment of India in succession to Mn A. K. Sen.

He was born in 1914 in SoutE India. He was educated at Indian Universities and is a Fellow of thu Royal Economic Society of Londoni joined the Foreign Relations De? partment of the All-India Com gress in 1946 and in 1952 he wa* an adviser to the Indian delegai tion to General Assembly UNO.

Dr. Rajkumar has travelled widell in Asia, Europe and America.

He is the third Indian Commiss sioner to Fiji. The first was appointed shortly after the partii tion of India and Pakistan and res mained in the Colony—where hr was popular—for over a year. Then was then a long interval until thr appointment of Mr. Sen, in 195i< Mr. Sen, however, had barely arrives in Fiji before he was whisked ole elsewhere.

H Mr. K. R. Fleisehman, of Sydney has been appointed Inspector o Mines in Fiji.

British Monarch In South

Formal Visits to Fiji and Tonga

'II7TTHIN a few weeks there will ▼ T occur an event of outstanding importance, and unique in the I history of the South Pacific islands.

F The world’s greatest monarch.

Queen Elizabeth II of England and the British Commonwealth, accom panied by her Consort, the Duke of Edinburgh, will make a formal visit to the British Colony of Fiji and the Kingdom of Tonga (under British protection), while en route from the West Indies to New Zealand and Australia.

This is not only the first time in history that a King or Queen of England has visited the South Paci fic countries it is also the first time in history that any great mon arch has been here.

The honour that has been done Fiji and Tonga by including them in the Royal Tour is something that never will be forgotten. Fiji and Tonga are deeply conscious of the fact; and the preparations which are being made for the reception and entertainment of the Royal party on December 17-18 (Fiji) and 19-20 (Tonga) are marked by a wave of mounting excitement which, nevertheless, is orderly, de signed, and calculated to provide on the days mentioned a series of spectacular events worthy of the oc casion.

The liner Gothic, on which the Royal party is travelling, left Eng land for the West Indies in mid- November. Many members of the Royal party were then on board; but the Queen and her Consort, and their personal staff, have flown to the West Indies to join the liner there. A number of British colonies and territories in the West Indies will be visited before* the Gothic proceeds, via the Panama Canal, to the eastern Pacific, en route to Fiji.

PFiji, under the personal direc tion of the Governor (Sir Ron ald Garvey) and Lady Garvey, i number of committees have been lard at work for many weeks, com peting the details of the formal wents which have been included in he two-days’ programme.

Given fine weather always a [amble at this time of the year in ’’iji the Fijian ceremonies of welcome in Albert Park, Suva, soon Jter the Queen arrives in the morn ng of Thursday, December 17, pro lably will be an outstanding event n the Royal tour.

From a platform, decorated with Baves and tapa, specially built for hem, the Queen and the Duke will witness a series of Fijian ceremonies 'f welcome the Qalowaqa (a welcome to a lady of high rank),

he Qaloqalovi; the Luvanitawake;

the Sevusevu; and the Yaqona, or kava drinking. Some of these are ceremonies which the oldest in habitants of Fiji have rarely, if ever, seen.

After Her Majesty has made an address to the Fijian people, there will be formal presentation on be half of the Fijian people of great quantities of food which, of course, will be dealt with a little later in mighty feasting.

On this occasion, the Colony of Fiji will make a presentation to the Queen, the Duke and their two children. Fiji’s gift to the Queen will be a ring containing a Fiji grey pearl set in diamonds and emeralds.

For the Duke there is a walking stick, beautifully made of Fiji woods.

There is a model canoe for Prince Charles and a doll, in Fiji cere monial dress, for Princess Anne.

This is only one of the events which the busy committees have or ganised in and around Suva and in Lautoka, and which will fully occupy all of Thursday and Friday, Dec ember 17-18.

There will be many presentations °f Tabua the whales’ tooth which is so very highly prized in the most important Fijian cere monial occasions. . The committees and high offic ials have had to prepare not only for the ceremonies themselves but alsp for the handling of the crowds which are expected to arrive in Suva from all parts of the Fijian Islands creating special problems of trans port, food and accommodation.

A great deal of the ceremonies will be connected with native life and customs; but opportunity is being given to the other communities Europeans, Indians and Chinese to join completely in the Colony’s demonstrations of welcome and lov alty. J

In Tonga

UNDER an unexpected re arrangement of the Royal tour (the cause of which is dis cussed in another article) the Royal

The huge, white-painted Shaw- Sayill liner Gothic sailed from the United Kingdom on November 10 for Jamaica, direct. The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh, with their personal staff, are due in Bermuda by air on November 24. After 24 hours in Bermuda, they fly on to Jamaica, to undertake a strenuous programme extending over 21 days during which they receive delega tions from other British West Indian territories. Then they join the Gothic and proceed immediately through the Panama Canal. Thus they will have 18 days of complete rest before arrival in Fiji.

couple will not terminate their visit to Suva late in the evening of Friday, December 18. They had in tended to depart from Suva harbour m the Gothic very early on the morning of the 19th. Instead, they will remain in Suva overnight as the guests of the Governor and Lady Garvey while the Gothic steams to Nukualofa; and, the following morning (Saturday, 19th) they will fly 400 miles to Nukualofa,

(Continued on Page 148)

The Palace at Nukualofa,.where Queen Elizabeth. and the Duke of Edinburgh Will stay on the night of December 19.

where they will rejoin the Goff As a result of this, Queen EIJ beth and the Duke of Edinburgh spend most of Saturday and a g* part of Sunday in Nukualofa, When Queen Salote returned!

Tonga, in early October, she cai a large meeting of High Chiefs j leading officials and made to th the surprise announcement ti Queen Elizabeth would arrive Saturday, 19th, instead of Suno 20th, as originally planned, and tf Tonga’s preparations of welco would have to be expanded s speeded up accordingly.

The little Kingdom immediatj was thrown into tremendous ack ity, and elaborate preparations dancing and feasting have be under way ever since.

The plane carrying the Rcd party (presumably the plane mix available by TEAL for the Quee; visit to Lautoka on 18th) will am* in Nukualofa about noon on 19tt Queen Elizabeth’s first duty t be to place a wreath on the Tongi War Memorial. This will be follow by a presentation of Tongan git; followed by feasting and danco until four when the Queen will tire to the Palace and rest uu the Roval dinner with Queen SalL at the British Consulate. The Qu«i will spend the night at the Pali! which hundreds of Tongans v surround all night with torch!

Dawn will be heralded by t Tongan Guard playing nose fluff On the morning of Sunday 2(D: the Royal party will attend a serw in the Wesleyan Church, aft which Queen Elizabeth will go wv Queen Salote to visit the latte) country estate. The rest of t Royal party will partake of a feis on the Malae at Nukualofa.

The Queen and Royal party w depart from Nukualofa for NZ Zealand in the Gothic at 3 p.mn It is probable that the events g Tonga, like the events in Fiji, w provide a memorable chapter in t history of Queen Elizabeth’s rounj the-world tour.

Polynesia And N. Guineas

During the ensuing four month the Royal party will be on tour i New Zealand and Australia, ae very elaborate preparations g being made in each country.

In order that the people of Wee ern Samoa and the Cook Islam may join in the welcome to ti Queen, the New Zealand Govern ment has arranged to transptq selected delegations of Samoans as Cook Islanders to NZ in DecemHr and January. Some very picture*! que ceremonies of welcome by tt Maoris of NZ have been arrang§x but it is expected that the Polo nesian parties representing Samm

id Cook Islands will be allowed organise their own welcome, while e Royal party is in Auckland.

It had been hoped that the Queen ight be able to make a brief visit Melanesia especially the east n part of New Guinea but that ,s not been found possible. Bow er, a selected number of people )m Papua and New Guinea will lit Australia, so that they may ke part in the welcome to the leen.

Pour Europeans from New Guinea d four from Papua will accom ny the Administrator, Brigadier eland and Mrs. Cleland to Can •ra between February 13 and Feb iry 20 to represent New Guinea ring the Royal Visit to the Aus lian capital. In addition, there 1 be a full representation of tive servicemen, Army and Navy, 1 the Royal Papua-New Guinea nstabulary; and as well, one offi and 12 other-ranks of the ?ua and New Guinea Volunteer les (a European unit).

FIE Europeans who have been chosen to represent the Terri tory are: Bishop P. N. W. ong, Mrs. Myra Humphries, Mr.

A. James, and Mr. E. J. Frame n Papua. And from New Guinea,

Mr. D. Barrett, Mrs. Doris Booth, Mr. James Leahy and Mr. Paul Mason.

II Mrs. C. H. Maclean, of New Guinea, has been down in Sydney since early October and intends re maining until early in the New Year when she will return to the Territory. Mrs. Maclean was ill for some weeks before she left NG and spent some time in hospital after she arrived in Sydney, but she is now well. In the Territory she makes her home with her son, Dis trict Commissioner Colin Maclean, of Sohana.

Mr. John Koontz, an American of Columbus, Ohio, arrived at the Lutheran Mission at Madang, New Guinea, in early October, where he will direct the printing plant. He has been foreman of the Lutheran Press in Columbus for the past few years, although he was in Madang in 1946-47. At that time most sup plies were impossible to get, ink and paper having to be imported from America. He built his own accom modation from army surplus mat erials then, but this time he has been supplied with a three-bedroom house.

TEAL May Use land- Planes to Nadi Re organisation of Pacific Airservices Forecast

NO official announcement has been made on the outcome of thp conference on airservices which took place at top political level in°New Zealand in mid- October between Australian Mm ister for Civil Aviation, Mr. H. L.

Anthony, the New Zealand Civil Aviation' Minister, Mr. Macdonald, and the Parliamentary . Under- Secretary to the UK Minister tor C The A press° was not admitted But the decisions of the conference have been treated with a considerable amount of “intelligent anticipation by several newspapers. C 0m lt is believed that B monwealth Pacific Airlines will be merged with Qantas ana that the present trans-Pacmc ser vice from Sydney to Vancouver by B° p A will be run under the direc tion of Qantas. „ pffie to use land planes between Sydney and Auckland instead of Solent flying boats as at.present, and that land planes will also be used on the TEAL service from Auckland to Fiji —terminating at Nadi instead of at C ' ;{l oc Qt nresent TEAL already Suva, as at P*® UviqW-f rnrn uses landplanes, chartered from Australian air companies, iO run its Service between Melbourne ana Christchurch.

At present there is no suitable aerodrome at Wellington, NZ, to rVIanPQ rnnnblp of flying the take pinaes capdUie Ui uymß Tasman, nor, due to. the terrain of this part of New Zealand, IS it likely that one can be easily pro- Vided.

IT may be taken as certain that Tirill Hp Hnnp to something will be done to rationalise the services in tne South Pacific in which UK, Aus tralia and NZ have an interest. All nf these Government-owned ser vices have lost a great amount of VICOS nave lost a gicdi Vl* money—and some of them are still losing it. (See October issue of Informed opinion in Government aviation circles IS that the mergers, absorptions and rationalisations that have lately been the order of the day in the United States and the UK must be followed in the South Pacific where the three Gov ernments concerned in overseas aviation have, in effect, one too many airlines. It is pointed out that the aviation business is evolv ing SO rapidly—particularly in speed and the capacity of new equipment that three aircraft of to-day, or —tnai inree , ui to-morrow, Will do or be able to do, what five did in 194 b.

The same opinion is to the effect that if these airways are ever to

nay and compete with the rest of the world, they will have to forget national ambitions and be prepared to bury their identities—such as QEA, BCPA, TEAL, etc.—in a more widely embracing and therefore more economic scheme.

It is believed that the next gen eration of aircraft will turn the scales and that airlines will then— but perhaps not for five or 10 years —begin to show real profits.

It is pointed out that these air lines have brought to the countries concerned benefits not shown on balance sheets: that there is also the matter of prestige and defence; and that they have been such large

scale undertakings to be beyond the scope of private enterprise. is correct A LL ot wmcn ’ oi course, is coneci.

Aas far as it goes However, the layman may, with reason, ask if swift evolution in the industry is entirely to blame for the huge financial losses suffered in the or if some of the blame cannot be fairly apportioned to [he post-war saciahst m UK,to^traha and New Zealand, whose passion for consol and enterprise led them into the an transportation business than was economically prudent oi even sensible.

20 Years ago *

There is nothing new under the

sun—particularly with regard to

affairs in the South Pacific. Twenty years ago we were chewing over pressing problems that had been well-chewed on 20 years before that. And to-day, the same old conundrums are providing a steady diet for the political-fixers of 1953.

Here are some extracts from the PIM of November, 1933: The then Australian Minister for Terri tories (Mr. Marr) called a meeting in Canberra of Administrators of all of Australia’s Pacific Territories. Sir Hubert Murray was there on behalf of Papua; Brigadier - General Griffith, for New Guinea; Captain Pinney, Norfolk Island: and Commander Garcia, Nauru, This was the first conference of its kind. One of the things discussed was “steps to con solidate the laws of Papua and New Guinea,” particularly in regard to mining and health. (They are still passing legislation to bring Papua “into line with New Guinea”). * * * “News from Fiji indicates an unsatis factory position so far as Fiji Airways, Ltd., is concerned The company started operations a year ago and pro vides a valuable coastal and inter-island service for passengers and mail. It appears that the service, has not re ceived the whole-hearted support of the Fiji Administration and certain interests in Fiji The driving force behind Fiji Airways is Guinea Airways, Ltd., the successful New Guinea air transport company.” * * * The Melanesian Mission ship Southern Cross VII, which replaced Southern Cross VI when she was wrecked In a storm in the New Hebrides while on her maiden voyage in November, 1932, was dedicated in the UK by the Bishop of Liverpool. (This vessel is now on her last “tour” of the Melanesian Mission diocese and will be replaced shortly by Southern Cross VIII.) Two new industries were announced from Norfolk Island—the establishment of a local butter factory (where is it now?) which would “save the island £2,000 per annum on imported butter”; and a shark-fishing Industry which was reported to have “Chinese money behind it.”

How history repeats itself! Some people in Tahiti were incensed in 1933, at press reports that hinted that Tahiti was be coming: an unsafe place for foreigners to live in. There had been a number of robberies that had received a little pub licity but Tahiti retorted that there was no more crime in Tahiti than elsewhere —and indeed, that some of the robberies had been performed by foreigners! * * * Police raided the headquarters of the Mau organisation in Apia, Western Samoa, and also the home of Mr. O. F. Nelson.

Literature relating to Mau activities was seized and eight Samoan chiefs were arrested on charges of collecting monies for unlawful purposes. * * * We reported that an economic blizzard had hit Western Samoa where the price of cocoa had slumped from £5O per ton to about £7/10/-. At the same time, native producers of copra were getting 1 1 of a cent, per pound; European pro ducers about £3 per ton, or far below the cost of production. Bananas, at 3/a case, were said to be the only profitable commodity produced by the Territory— and there were complaints that the “Maui Pomare” could not lift more than 7,000 cases per shipment, * * * Someone whom we described as a “commercial manager” expressed the direst forebodings as regards the “Indian problem” in Fiji (a comparatively new expression then). He said that it was only a matter of time before the Indians drove the Fijians out of Fiji and entirely possessed their country. He believed that the British, in introducing Indians to Fiji had betrayed the Fijian people.

Editorially, the PIM invited the British Colonial Office to get busy on the “problem;” if they did not. we said, the Indians would dominate Fiji in “another 20 years.” * * * Papuan rubber planters had “heard with dismay” the news that customs duty into Australia on raw rubber had been reduced without warning to 2d per pound.

In March, 1933, an imposition of 4d a pound duty was imposed on Papuan rubber imported by Australia. This duty was then refunded to Papua for the assistance of the rubber Industry. The new move again placed the rubber in dustry of Papua in a critical position.

Next Year

[?]tes Should be Maintained

IHERE is nothing in the present outlook to indicate any marked alteration next year in the ice of copra to be paid for the pro ct of Papua-New Guinea, British lomon Islands, Fiji, Gilbert and ice Islands, Tonga, Western moa and Cook Is., under the 9ars Contract made in 1949 by the Itish Ministry of Pood.

Jnder that contract, a price was ed which could not be varied, up down, by more than 10 per cent, any one year. Since then the ce for Papua-New Guinea copra •ices in the other British South

fific countries are approximately

■ same) have been as follows:

P-Ng Copra Prices. 1949-53

n the following table, “MOF price” is amount paid in Sterling by the MOF, I Territory ports, to the P-NG Copra keting Board.” “Planters Rec’d.” is amount planters received in Aus ian currency for hot-air dried copra i the CMB. The difference in the res (Australian currency is 25 per under Stg.) being deductions ight, stabilisation fund collections, made by the Board. Until 1952, ? prices for P-NG were adjusted in ch instead of in January as in the of the Pacific Territories.)

he world market price in 1952 wed a falling tendency for a le, and it was anticipated that re would be a 10 per cent, fall for J. Fortunately for the South

Pacific, however, the world market recovered in the later months of 1952, and the price was maintained in the 1953 period. As a result of this and increased production in many places, the South Pacific countries generally in 1953 have benefitted by millions of pounds.

There have been some slight fluc tuations in the world market during 1953 but the market has been firm in recent weeks and shows every indication of remaining firm until the end of December, when the var ious South Pacific territories will proceed to negotiate with the Brit ish MOF, to fix the price for 1954.

Last year, the MOF fought hard for the 10 per cent, reduction, and it seemed at one time likely that it would succeed; but the market’s re covery at the end of the year turned the scales against London.

The British officials probably will again make the same claim but definitely with less prospects of success.

The British Ministry to-day is paying South Pacific countries ap proximately £65 Stg. fob for copra which is about equal to £77 Stg. cif. The current market price in London is about £9O Stg. cif.

As the British Ministry deliber ately made this contract with a view to stabilising the South Pacific copra industry at a time of some uncertainty, the British Ministry is entitled to some advantage under the contract. It has had that ad vantage. During the five years of the contract (1949-53), the world price has been almost always well in advance of the MOP price as it is to-day. Taking everything into consideration the copra industry of the South Pacific should be able to count on at least the present price in 1954 and, in fact, some shrew der traders may be able to make out

a good case for a somewhat higher MOP price in 1954.

As the MOF Contract is now half done it has four more years to go and will expire at the end of 1957 and as the reduction pro vision has not y e t been put into operation, it looks as if the South Pacific copra industry is due for a further period of stability.

Drought May Affect Copra

The long dry spell in Fiji, Tonga and Samoa in recent months is ex pected to lower the copra yield from all three territories.

Copra producers in Fiji in October thought that the yield might fall by 7,000 or 8,000 tons of copra this year, as compared with last year’s peak yield of 40,000 tons.

Ear

Planters

Mof Price

Rec’D,

£Stg. per £ Aust. per ton ton 1949 48 48 1950 48.10 48.10 1951 53.15 54.5 1952 65 69.5 1953 65 70

[?]Standing in the grounds of the Administration Centre at Konedodu, Port Moresby, [?]his attractive new buiding, now nearing completion, where the Administrator of [?]a and New Guinea, Brigadier D. M. Cleland, the Government Seeretary, Mr. [?]onergan, and the Official Secretary, Mr. Frank Hughes, will shortly be installed. [?]an Assistant Administrator is appointed he, toom will have his office there. Cost [?]he building is "top secret".

Photo by Papuan Prints.

Appointment of Niue Is.

THE man chosen to succeed Mr.

C. H. W. Larsen, as Resident Commissioner, Niue Island, is Mr. J. M. McEwen, an outstanding Maori scholar and an official of the Maori Affairs Department in NZ.

He joined the Department in 1935 after graduating from Vic toria University College as a Bachelor of Laws and working with a law firm for three years.

He has been engaged for the last three years in a revision of Williams’

Maori dictionary and since his early youth has been a keen student of Polynesian affairs of which he is a recognised authority.

He married in 1941 and there are three sons of the marriage. (Mr. Larsen was murdered on Niue Is. on August 16).

THE little Banaban community transplanted after the war from Ocean Is. to Rabi Island, in Fiji, has 60 Girl Guides, as well as an energetic Boy Scout unit. All of them hope to get to Suva for the Queen’s visit on December 17-18. The island had a general celebration for the recent visit of the Guide Commissioner (Mrs. J. M.

Jardine), who has reported: “The Banaban Guides are keen and quick to learn, and it is a pleasure to work with them.” The Banaban Island Council and other officials at Rabi are strong supporters of the Scout and Guide movements. fl M. Roger Carour, Managing Dir ector of Messageries Maritimes, the French shipping line, was in Aus tralia on business in October. He was on his way home to France after a visit to Tahiti, New Hebrides, and New Caledonia.

Some Aspects of G-G’s Visit to War Cemeteries

THE ceremonies of unveiling the Crosses of Sacrifice in the three great war cemeteries of Papua-New Guinea (Port Moresby, Lae and Rabaul), which were car ried out in late October by the Gov ernor-General of Australia (Sir William Slim), were notable for three things; • It was a triumph of organisa tion by Brigadier D. M. Cleland and the high officials of his Administra tion. Nearly 50 officials and their women folk, and 23 next-of-kin of servicemen buried in PNG, had to be accommodated and moved rap idly from place to place Port Moresby ceremony on October 19: Lae on October 21; and Rabaul on 23rd but everything appears to have run smoothly and according to schedule. • Although an appalling pro gramme of engagements was thrown upon Australia’s new Governor- General, he carried the heavy strain without a tremor. On the days between the cemetery ceremonies he met hundreds of Europeans and Chinese, and thousands of natives and attended countless functions; but everywhere he gave an im pression of great sincerity and ur banity, and every one of his three main speeches was distinguished by a high level of thought, a pointed application of the lessons of sac rifice presented by the war cemetery, and high literary quality. • Despite the hurry and official anxiety involved in bringing all these widely-scattered events with in the compass of one week, the proceedings were notable for smoothness of official performance, and great goodwill on the part of the three communities concerned.

SUCH good work by the Admini stration tended to remove the first bad impression given by Canberra’s bungling, when it pro posed to send a large party of Top Brass, and its attendant women

folk, at the public’s expense, to wit ness the Governor-General perform these ceremonies, while the party was to include less than a baker’s dozen of soldiers’ next-of-kin.

The caustic comments of public and Press sent Canberra into a wild scramble for more next-of-kin; but the eventual total of 23, carried as

the country’s guests to the wa; cemeteries, looked poor and thin h comparison with the 45 or mor Ministers, High Commissioners, Par liamentarians and other decorativ folk who went along to enjoy th ride and observe the scenery.

It is not a happy chapter in th story of Australia’s Administrate] of these Territories. The unveilin ceremonies and the general invita tion to next-of-kin to visit Papua New Guinea, should have take: place years ago. After all it is eigh

At Top: His Excellency, the Governor General, Field Marshal Sir William Slim, chats with Sgt. Gabua-Gairo (Interpreter at Supreme Court for many years), while the Administrator, Brigadier D. M.

Cleland, and Willie Gavera (Chairman of Hanuabada Village Council) loo? on.

Monday afternoon, October 19, during the dancing on Ela Beach.

Lower Left; Well-known Territorian, Mrs. Eileen Webster (daughter late Mr.

Tom Byrnes, Chief Collector of Customs) places a wreath on the Cross of Sacrifice on behalf of the Port Moresby Comforts Fund.

With the Administrator and Mrs.

Cleland, the Governor-General meets Bishop P. N. W. Strong of the Anglican Church, Papua, at the reception at Government House, on the night of October 19.

Photos by Papuan Prints.

rears since the war ended and a ong time since the war cemeteries srere finally established.

A T Bomana cemetery, 13 miles :jL from Port Moresby, there are the graves of 3,911 Australians ,nd 409 United Kingdom, New lealand and native men who served.

“Let Australia never forget that t was up in those mountains, only 5 miles from this spot, that Aus ralia’s fighting men first broke the pell of Japan’s invincibility on ind” was one of the Governor leneral’s ‘ striking phrases in the peech he made here.

Another memorable phrase: “It is ot how many years a man lives lat matters, but what he does in le years that are granted to him.”

In the Lae Cemetery, where the jremony took place on October 21, lere are buried 2,285 identified ustralians, a small number of New ealanders and British, 348 un tiown Australians and 431 un lown Indians.

At the Bita Paka Cemetery, near abaul, there are interred the bodies 28 Australians who died in New uinea in World War I; and, result ' World War 11, 1,300 unidentified id 440 identified Australians, 621 idians, 35 Fijians and 20 New uinea servicemen.

The Governor-General, in another nking speech here, quoted the an ent Greek saying: “Only those de rye freedom who are prepared to ifend it.”

Some of the old Territorians who (predated His Excellency’s strik g phrases, but who could not for t some of the terrible things that ippened in that area in 1942, said: le is saying, now, all the right mgs here, where High Official m did all the wrong things a zen years ago.” \HE references to the Indians buried in these cemeteries may puzzle some people. They were istly members of the old Indian my who were captured in other satres of war, and brought as cap es by the Japs to New Guinea, lere they were cruelly treated and (ere large numbers died. Where er possible their bodies were thered together after the war, and ried in the Australian war ceme ;ies. The Governor-General, in a erence to them, praised their fine dierly qualities. [n his speeches the Governor meral made acknowledgment of 5 magnificent help given by the tiericans in preserving Australia ainst Japanese invasion, and Te nded us that this factor will be ted in a memorial to be unveiled the Queen of England soon at nberra.

Australian Territories Minister isluck was prominent in all cere >nies and made some notable ieches. He emphasised that “our st-war foundations are built on r wartime sacrifices.”

ONE of the outstanding events of the week was the native wel come given to the Governor- General at Butibum village, near Lae. Thousands of natives from all over the district gathered in special costumes to present their dances; and Sir William Slim appeared in tensely interested in all these mani festations of a disappearing culture.

When speaking to the natives here, and elsewhere, the Governor- General laid great emphasis on the need for more village schools and more education for the natives. He probably did not miss the signifi cance of the fact that practically all his speeches to the natives, delivered in English, were promptly rendered into Pidgin by the competent men of District Services.

Owing to problems of accommo dation and transport, the whole 70 of the official party did not make the round-trip to Lae and Rabaul.

About half the party had to be ac commodated in private homes in Port Moresby during the first two days of the visit. Officialdom, how ever, treated the next-of-kin with much consideration a special plane flew them over parts of the Owen Stanley ranges and the Mor obe area, so that they could see the terrifying mountain and jungle trails and coastal swamps where their sons had fought and died.

It was noted that, whenever His Excellency addressed the natives, he “plugged” the Village Councils.

“You cannot build well if you build too fast,” he declared in a speech at Rabaul. “You should join the Village Councils and gain exper ience in local government.” And Tuvi (of Raluana fame) who was standing respectfully at attention (says a correspondent) listened without a sign.

The Governor-General proved to be a good mixer, but had little small-talk. He preferred to listen and observe, while others talked.

But he jolted some of the talkers at the RSL function. The subject was cocoa-planting, in which the Rabaul area now is deeply interested. His Excellency remarked that some of the locals had planted their cocoa too shallow. How did he know, they asked. By the colour of the leaves, replied H.E. Obviously, he has been m a cocoa-growing country at some time.

Damage

An earthquake which the officer in charge of Sydney’s Riverview Observatory said “shook the world like a jelly” occurred in the after noon of Wednesday, November 3 It was reported from many places around the world, and located as 1,700 miles north-east of Sydney somewhere between the Solomons and New Hebrides, in the vicinity of the Loyalty Islands.

‘Dry’

Special Visitors May Drink

A LENGTHY debate on proposals for the future control of liquor in Western Samoa, made by a recent NZ Commission, ended in Apia in mid-October. The Legis lative Assembly finally approved an amendment, by 12 votes to 7, that the proposed Liquor Board be per mitted to grant special liquor allocations, at its discretion.

In introducing the amendment— it had earlier been decided by a majority of members that no liquor would be made available to visitors or for special occasions—the Hon.

G. F. D. Betham asked only that such liquor be made available to local residents for special occasions and to “distinguished visitors like the UNO Mission, Dr. Beeby and others.”

The final recommendations to NZ are, in summary: (i) The establishment of a Liquor Authority of 4 Samoans (Commis sion recommended 2), 1 European, and 1 part-European, presided over by a Chairman with a legal back ground and outside local politics if possible. (ii) Legislation to give the Authority powers to grant and con trol permits. (iii) Court control of permits under certain circumstances. (iv) Government to retain con trol of import and sale of liquor. (v) No transfer of permits ex cept to a club, for the permit holder’s own use at the club. (vi) No permits to hotels or clubs for the use of visitors. (This had been recommended by the Commis sion but was rejected by a majority). (vii) The Board to have power to grant special permits at its dis cretion. (The debate made it clear that, in practice, this power is not likely to be freely exercised).

The outlook for other than “dis tinguished visitors, UNO officials, and Dr. Beeby,” therefore looks par ticularly dry, and hopes of a larger tourist trade of the dollar type for Western Samoa can be written off.

There may be sufficient non drinkers to build up a special tourist traffic—but so far they have not been sighted south of the Mason- Dixon Line.

The Education Department of Eastern Samoa recently took over the local, low-powered radio broad casting station WVUV at Pago Pago and will soon use it for educational broadcasts. About 200 English, Bush radio receivers are on order for issue to schools and villages.

WVUV has not had much use since the Navy’s departure. It has a power of only 50 watts and is barely audible at Apia, W. Samoa.

No Penal Sanctions, Says Minister But Native Labour Desertions Go On

SHORTLY before he left Port Moresby on October 25 to re turn to Australia, Minister for Territories Hasluck said that all matters relating to the F-NG Native Labour Ordinance were being closely examined and that during the examination there would be fur ther opportunity for all interests in the Territory to make their views known. But in order that there should be no misunderstanding, he could state definitely that re-intro duction of penal sanctions was con trary to government policy.

Last May, when some minor amendments were made to the fre quently amended Native Labour Ordinance, the Administrator, Brigadier D. M. Cleland, said that by the end of May, the Director of District Services would submit to the Minister a review of the whole basis of the Ordinance and policy in regard to native labour generally.

The review and Ministerial recom mendations would then be further considered by the Administration.

Apparently (as the Minister said in Moresby) the whole Ordinance is still being “closely examined” — somewhere along the rosy red-tape way between Moresby Departments and Canberra.

Of interest to Territorians—par ticularly those on the New Guinea side —will be the Minister’s re ferences to penal sanctions.

These so-called penal clauses were dropped from the NL Ordinance some years ago in order to soothe the tender feelings of socialists who believe that all indentured labour is slave labour, and to placate the equally tender susceptibilities of members of the UN Trusteeship Council.

Before the war, when a New Guinea native ran away from his

employment or otherwise broke his indentured labour agreement, he was proceeded against in the Courts and usually compelled to return to his employer. Since the removal of penal sanctions from the Ordin ance. a native labourer, even although he still works under an agreement to remain with a specific employer for 18 months or 2 years, as the case may be, can desert and there is very little the employer can do about it.

Mr. Don Barrett, Member for the New Guinea Islands in the P-NG Legislative Council, who has spent a great deal of time and energy on the problem of labour desertions, es timated that in 1952 there were 600 desertions from New Britain alone.

Although a native cannot be pro ceeded against for desertion, as such, theoretically it is possible for employers to take civil action against a native for the recovery of moneys to which they hold he is not entitled. In practice, civil action proves completely abortive. The deserting native rarely has re coverable money of that sort, and the only recorded proceeding of the kind was an attempt by New Britain planters to bring some of these de serting natives to book by charging them with not working the number of hours prescribed in the Ordin ance.

A verdict for the employers was obtained in a lower court, where upon the District Services appealed against the verdict and had the de cision reversed —thereby completely nullifying what the employers had set out to do.

Residents of the Territory will therefore be interested to see what solution to the problem—other than the reintroduction of penal clauses —the revised version of the Native Labour Ordinance has to offer.

As things stand, the employers go to the expense of recruiting labour, paying expensive air-fares, equipping them, providing for the necessary guarantees demanded by the District Services Department, and take the chance as to whether the labour will remain or not.

Interest in Queen of Tonga

ALTHOUGH public interest in an; celebrity is notoriously fickle this has not been so in th( case of Queen Salote’s popularit; with the people of Britain.

Latest manifestation of the grea impression the Queen of the littl Kingdom of Tonga made in the UK where she was an official guest dur ing the Coronation, is the reques to name a British aircraft after hei Queen Salote has given her per mission for the aircraft a machine manufactured by F. C Miles Ltd. to be called “Saloh Queen of Tonga.” She said: “I an my people are honoured . . . and am happy to give my consen May God always watch over he and her crew, and may she serv to strengthen the increasing bone of friendship and respect betwee our two countries.”

Since Queen Salote returned froi the Coronation in August there been repeated inquiries made i Sydney from UK newspapers for tl latest information about her mov< ments and intentions.

Even more recently the represer tative of a London and Sydney pul lisher has been in that city co lecting material for a book aboi Salote and her Tongan Islands, is expected that the book will I published in London and on sa early in the New Year.

The Salote Legend apparent began on Coronation Day wh( London produced some of its mo unpleasant weather. Tonga’s Quei insisted on driving through t) streets with the hood of her ca riage down. This delighted the SO' den crowd which had stood f hours in pouring rain and was thi cheated by the wet from seei: most of the celebrities who retir into the dryness of hooded carriagi

Trophies won during the year were formally presented at a Ball held by the Port Vila (New Hebrides) Tennis Club on October 34. This group photograph shows the winners of the championships,

Y. Reid, Mr. Russet, Mrs. Thoroughg[?] Mr. Lodwick, Mrs. Jamieson, Fren[?] Resident Commissioner, Mr. P. Anthon[?] Mrs. Jones, Mr, Catteau, Mr. Holder, Bairstow, Mr. Richards.

and the two Resident Commissioners, who made the presentations. Left to right:— The British Resident Commissioner (Mr.

H. J. M. Flaxman), Dr. Merle (president of Vila Tennis Club), Mrs. Holder, Miss

Itewart’s Handbook

Does anyone want a copy of ' tewart’s Handbook of the Pacific stands, 1918 edition—a compilation rhich now is comparatively rare nd considerably in demand. If so, tie Rev. A. H. Voyce, well-known lethodist Missionary at Kihili, uin, Bougainville, Territory of New 1-uinea, has a copy in practically erfect condition which he is pre ared to dispose of.

Stewart’s Handbook, for many sars, was the only compilation of le kind in existence, but it ceased ablication in 1921. Its well-known iitor, Mr. P. S. Allen, who was >r many years a member of the iitorial staff of the Sydney Morn g Herald, now lives in retirement i North Sydney.

0 Reds in Fiji

A marked parallel between con tions which have led to such astic action in British Guiana, id those in Fiji, is found by a irrespondent, “Old European Re- Sent,” who lived many years in iva. He points out that the largest mmunity in both colonies com ises Indians brought in to work e sugar industry and that both ive developed anti-British tend cies. He refers in biting terms the recent behaviour of Indian wn councillors in Suva, and to Blhi’s maintenance in Fiji of a >ec i a 1 Commissioner for the dians; and he urges that every dian in Fiji be compelled to learn heart the terms of the Deed of ssion made between Great Britain d the Fijians.

We would remind our corre pndent, however, that there is in ji no sign of the dangerous Mus vite Communism which in recent ars has penetrated the Central nerican countries in such large jasure; and that, to an increas -1 degree, the British authorities ? showing confidence that the w generations of educated Fijians d educated Fiji-born Indians, will pettier find a suitable solution of e Indian problem in Fiji. ft is worth noting, however, that 5 . Fiji Indian weekly, Pacific view, was quickly in action with vehement defence of the pro mmunist set-up of Cheddi Jagan Guiana. The Fijian language ekly Volagauna, on the other nd, produced an equally vehement lunciation of Jagan, with a diplo itically-worded but unmistakable that, if there are signs of ythmg of the sort in Fiji, the lians will be stirred to take a dly active hand in politics.

ie Japanese

.rom a man who once lived in i Far East.

I notice that the head of your

returned soldiers is raising an out cry against the development of new and friendly relations with Japan. He is bitter because, when the war criminals were shipped home from Manus the other day, we accorded them military honours.

Cannot he understand that we now must believe that the Japanese will align themselves with the West, as our friends?”

Well, maybe. But we of the PIM somehow cannot forget the Islands people we know who were murdered by Japs between 1942 and 1945.

Nor can we forget the lines written by Ogden Nash, before World War II: How courteous is the Japanese: He always says, ‘Excuse it, please He climbs into his neighbour’s garden, And smiles, and says, 7 beg your pardon’.

He bows and grins a friendly grin, And calls his hungry family in.; He grins, and bows a friendly bow: ‘So sorry, this my garden now’.

Atom Bombs?

While Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa had too much sunshine in an ex ceptionally dry spell through August, September and part of Oc tober (Fiji reports a real drought) the Lower Cook Islands were ex periencing the opposite in weather.

“Absolutely foul —cold, wet and tempestuous without a break for two months,” writes Meteorologist Gordon Russell, who was in Fiji for some years beforei going to Rarotonga. He adds that he has never before known such a spell of weather in the tropics.

From the other side of the Pacific, residents of Madang, New Guinea, report the driest spell in memory. Domestic water-tanks <and there is no town supply) have dried up and most of the trucks in the town have been diverted to carrying water from the Gum River.

They have had only two showers in the last four months.

Australia, too, is experiencing freak weather. Droughts in the north, and an unusually cold spring further south. During the night, following the recent atomic ex plosion at Woomera, most of NSW was lashed by violent electrical storms, with hail and fire-balls and all the trimmings. It was inevit able that “them atom bombs” should collect most of the blame. Scientists sneer at the idea and say that the sun continuously gives off thousands of times more heat than any atom bomb likely to be devised by man.

Nonetheless, there are scores of people who believe that we have had more freakish weather since science learned to split the atom

A Crack—But not Sinister

A valued correspondent in Suva informs us, mildly, that the report that the Carpenter building there was cloven in two by the earth quake was, like Mark Twain’s death, slightly exaggerated.

Actually, there are two buildings one on piles, and one built later on a floating foundation, so it could subside independently, if it wanted to. It subsided about 3 inches; and then, about 20 years ago, it came to a permanent roost whereupon the crack between the two was plas tered over. The quake shook the plaster out, and made the crack look interesting; but, actually, neither building was damaged or disturbed by the September visita tion.

Word of Old-Timer

Writing cheerily from Kampar, Perak, Malaya, New Guinea, old timer E. C. Monk claims that the kai-kai story we printed a few months ago, and which does the rounds occasionally, was first heard in “Ethel’s bar,” at Ushers Hotel, Sydney, famous for many years as the unofficial club of men from New Guinea.

“Ethel was a real good sport,” writes Mr. Monk. “She had a little bar on her own, and was held ih high regard by New Guinea-ites who congregated there. Many ai our chaps who went broke in Sydl - were helped financially by her to the extent of £2O and, as far as I know, only one fellow ever failed to repay her.”

Mr. Monk was on the Morobe goldfields for several years. Then he leased Ah Chee’s hotel in Rabaul, and re-named it the Cosmopolitan; and later he was the licencee of the Rabaul Hotel. He wants to know what has become of various old identities—naming especially Yorkie Booth, Frank Pryke, Bill Cash, Jackson Banks, Eric Wynne.

He sends kind regards to all old friends.

Since leaving Rabaul in 1939 he has worked as an engineer in Nigeria, Gold Coast Colony, and Malaya and has done a little world wandering as well.

At A TB Hospital

Sharp criticism of conditions at the Tuberculosis hospital at Tama vua, Fiji, is contained in a letter from an Auckland resident who re cently visited the Colony.

“Perhaps it would have been better for my peace of mind had I kept to the track of the average tourist,” she writes. “. . . The hos pital is well situated and the wards well kept; but the cooking facilities, especially for the medical students, were extremely primitive. The wash ing of dishes was being carried out on the stone floor—there appears to be insufficient room for benches.

They were using cold water to

inary thing that such conditions d? «he W « n v? S! ss of criticism ol this institution. r T i o

Whence Lame Iney.

S.H.C., writing from Brisbane, in Odorata” r (Sep b0 piM ‘page' ?he r 6 s S un ‘ bere 15 n °‘ hkg n6W Under "You state,” he writes, "that this beautiful and valuable tree should

be Quite suitable_lor the SPTem

pfKSSf irtS

tnd^they‘were 3 then SMS

HX£ y^?iS d S!

McKinnoS sawmU™, of Port

Romilly, had something to do with the supplying of the seeds or seea lings. In this, however, I may be ™°lt B would be interesting to know

?he Defta SmSS

would oblige with a photo of the largest one.

Debate About The

Of Papua-N. Guinea

the Territory of Papua and \j New Guinea supply all Aus tralia’s tropical needs” was the title of an interesting and unusual “Forum of the Air” debate, through the Australian Broadcasting Com mission’s network, on October 28.

The debate actually was recorded in Port Moresby some time previously.

The affirmative was taken by Messrs. J. L. Foldi (Acting Director of District Services) and Mr. Frank Henderson (who is in charge of the Department of Agriculture, in the absence of Mr. R. E. P. Dwyer). Mr.

E. A. James, well known Port Moresby businessman, and Mr. C. J.

Sefton, rubber planter, took the negative.

The question was not well phrased. Undoubtedly, under cer tain conditions, P-NG can supply Australia’s tropical needs. So the debate, instead of being a direct affirmative and negative, developed rather into an argument as to whether the necessary conditions are in sight, or ever likely to be in sight. This, of course, brought up immediately the paramount ques tions of whether there are avail able the necessary lands, labour, and capital.

The two departmental heads made out a very good case for theii respective affirmatives. They were able to emphasise the tremendous productive potentialities of the twe territories. But, in the opinion oi all those who know the Terri tories, the arguments of Messrs James and Sefton appeared un answerable —there is no possibility of any great increase in the pro ductivity of Papua-New Guipes (such as would be necessary if thos( Territories were to supply Aus tralia’s tropical needs) unless then is a huge increase in the land am labour accessible to European enter prise, and such an alteration in con ditions that new capital will b( encouraged to go in and do the job The outstanding debater was Mr James. He spoke clearly and witl assurance, and he marshalled hi facts most convincingly—in fact, h disclosed a first-class radio per sonality.

The headquarters company of th Papua-New Guinea Volunteer Rifle held four-day field exercises a Taurana, Fort Moresby, during Oc tober. Highlights of the exercise were a dawn attack and a night fighting patrol in which smok grenades, flares and booby-trap played an active part. Three-inc: mortars firing smoke bombs gay noisy realism to the attack. It i expected that a platoon of th PNGVR will be established at Sam arai shortly.

BSI Tax Challenge Appeal Dropped

r[E appellant in the case R. C.

Symes Pty. Ltd. v. the Attorney- General of the British Solomon islands Protectorate has discon inued his appeal.

The appeal was against the judg nent of the Judicial Commissioner, lelivered in Honiara in May this r ear, that the Income Tax Regula ion was valid.

The appeal was to have been leard before the Supreme Court, Tji, on October 15.

Last year, acting on the advice f one of Australia’s leading con titutional lawyers, some persons in he British Solomon Islands refused d pay their income taxation, and iter, through Mr. R. C. Symes, hallenged the legality of theregula ions under which the Administra ion of the BSIP imposes taxation n incomes.

The challenge hinged on the owers conferred on the Western acific High Commission by the acific Order-in-C ounc i 1, 1893, hich gave power to the HC in five Lrections, namely: Control of risons; control of immigration; ower to compel the lodgment of jturns of imports and exports: Dservance of treaties; power to gislate for peace, order and good Dvernment.

The question appeared to be how ir could the fifth power be in :rpreted as giving the right to tax.

The case was heard before Judicial ommissioner W. T. Charles, in oniara, in April. His reserved de sion, delivered on May 11, was to le effect that income taxation was ilid within the legislative power mferred by the Order-in-Council : 1893.

Mr. C. L. D. Meares, QC, of- Syd 3y, instructed by Mr. P. F. Galvin, ew to Honiara to represent the Dpellant.

Trade with NZ

VHEN Mr. F. L. A. Gotz and Mr.

E. T. Tirikatene, New Zealand MP’s who attended the cen mary celebrations in Noumea in sptember, returned to Auckland ey reported that Noumea business en were keen to do business with ew Zealand.

The obstacle to such trade has ways been, and still is, the absence i back-cargoes from New Cale )nia. Timber is the only export lat New Caledonia could offer ew Zealand, and it would appear lat this is not offering or that le freight rates involved are too gh. A small vessel could probably )tain a monthly full cargo from ew. Zealand for Noumea, but the nount of timber that she could ad would probably not make the ng voyage payable.

By Tololo

THERE should have been plenty of B 4 folk around Rabaul to have given information to the correspondent (PIM, Oct. p. 13) re garding the grave of Phoebe Horgren, located between the house and beach at Dawaun, on the old Kokopo road.

Phoebe was the youngest daughter of Mary Ann Horgren, and died rather suddenly while her mother was on a trip to Bougainville, visit ing another daughter, Mrs. Doel linger, the wife of the German DO at Kieta. Mrs. Horgren was a sister of Queen Emma, and died shortly after her daughter’s death —it is said of a broken heart at the loss of Phoebe. As far as I can remember the mother was buried beside Phoebe, and there should be traces of the headstone, unless bombs from the last war have obliterated it.

Phoebe was an Islands beauty and a well-known and popular belle of Rabaul in her time. * * * Many a God’s Acre is dotted here and there throughout NG and a particularly historical one is at Kuradui—the old Parkinson home, not so far from Queen Emma’s old headquarters at Ralum. It is on the quiet hillside cemetery at Kuradui that the ashes of Queen Emma were laid. Whether the remains of Mrs.

Parkinson, who died in the Nama tanai district during the Jap in vasion, were eventually placed be side those of her family at Kuradui I know not. She would have liked it so.

The most imposing individual memorial I remember seeing in the Territory was one at Bogadjim, south of Madang, to a German naval officer and explorer. I forget his name. And the most isolated collection of graves was on Tas man Islands; that lonely atoll group way east of Bougainville, where for some years Death stalked with

alarming regularity.

* * * Headstones and cemeteries make i gruesome topic; nevertheless, they tiold great historical interest and ralue, and their locations should be nearly recorded for future refer ences and will make a useful task or the proposed historical society

it Moresby.

* * * NZ correspondent enquiring for lata on Pacific shell money (PIM, Jet. p. 95) should consult any of he works of anthropologists like

Jalmowski, Thurnwald, Hogbin or

Raymond Firth to name but a few. le refers to the word “itambu” £ having possible connection with he Fiji “tambua.” I think it has, •ut only in the general sense of omething being sacred or precious.

The small shell money used in New Britain Blanche Bay area is called “diwara” and the shells are —or used to be—obtained from the Talasea district. All native money requires effort to obtain hence, naturally, its value: the white cowrie shells so highly valued by the inland natives of the NG main land, and the gold-lip half-moons.

In Buka, the old native money con sisted of flying-fox teeth strung on fathom lengths of fibrous rope— and that would take some collect ing in the bow and arrow days! * * * New Britain’s first missionary, Dr. George Brown, brought Fijian teachers with him and they were responsible for introducing words into the Blanche Bay dialect when that vocabulary was found to be inadequate of expressing needs of advancing civilisation. “Lotu” (the Christian religion) was one; the Bible became “A Buk Tabu” (pro nounced tambu because “b” has the qualities of “mb”) and Holy Ghost Tulugien Tabu.” I have an idea that “Talatala,” or Protestant missionary, also comes from Fiji. ♦ * * A reader from New Ireland asks:

In your opinion, who is the sur viving European in NG with the longest territorial residence, not in cluding missionaries?” This is a bit of a poser, as I am not sure whether some of the older residents are still up in the Territory, or have re tired to other lands. Until more or less recently I would say that Karkar” Schmidt was, but now he is living near Gosford, in NSW.

There is Dr. Kroenig still down at Toboroi, near Kieta. And there is Rudie Diercke, who was born in the Territory before War I, but spent some time in Germany dur ing his youth. His father was the owner of Tinputz in Bougainville his mother a niece of Queen Emma Possible qualifiers could be H L.

Schultze (lately come to Australia permanently), and Paul Parkinson.

Any other nominations for the Long Residence Stakes? * ♦ * I see where the Rabaul TAG has been discussing the need for a town water supply—once more. In B 4 days that was a subject receiv ing attention at periodic intervals and sources such as the Keravat and Warangoi were often mentioned.

But that was all.

During the War when Jap forces in Rabaul numbered anything from 50,000 to 80,000, the problem was solved in short time by wells sunk all over the town, and the Botanic Gardens reservoir being put

to good use. In war-time, of course, one is not so fussy, but I don’t remember hearing of the Nips suf fering from any outbreak of disease as a result of bad water. Anyway, it’s only used to wash and cook with. Unless, of course, tastes have changed since pre-war days. * * * Gone are the days in Rabaul of the good old “kick cross,” which often acted as a timely safety valve amongst the vari-tribal native labourers when they couldn’t see eye to eye over some domestic or social question.

The Rabaul Soccer Assn, has now trained Rabaul natives to play soccer without bloodshed, accord ing to SP Post report. No mention is made of an alternative method of settling tribal differences. Per haps it means more work for the local courts, a greater expenditure of prison rations and even then the grievance still remains between the principals. It’s no good forcing primitive emotions to go under ground. * * * Perhaps someone might start a boxing ring as a means to supply ing a new safety valve. This was the method used for settling such arguments amongst the natives em ployed in the Engineers’ section of the Military druing War 1 in Rabaul, much to the disgust of local non-military residents. It was introduced by a farrier, named Lyons. He had a flair for organ

ising. He is now known to the world as Don Athaldo, the strong man! * * * In reading through statements appearing in both the PNG and Australian press one cannot but notice that the thought uppermost in the minds of politicians is the defensive value of PNG to Aus tralia. “Our Northern bastion.” It is all a reaction to global jitters and one wonders how much considera tion PNG would receive if there were no threat from the “have-nots” or Reds from our Near North. .

On the other hand, officialdom in PNG appears to be obsessed with the one idea of putting on a good show for the hyper-critical members of UNO, an attitude well described not so long ago by N. H. White to the Wau-Bulolo TAG when he re ferred to the “decadent policy of appeasement for the satisfaction of the UN General Assembly.” * * * Some such expressions of opinion were voiced recently in an ABC Forum of the Air broadcast from Moresby (October 28) when the question, “Can we produce all Aus tralian Tropical Needs?” was dis cussed by Messrs. Henderson and Foley (for the affirmative) and James and Sefton (for the negative).

Each speaker rode his own par ticular hobby horse, which rather clouded the main issue and made listeners realise, more than ever, that unity of purpose and co-opera tion are the principal attributes

for the successful development of

Png..

* * * Australia has been granted a “waiver” by the International set up GATT (General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs) which, it is stated, “allows Australia to help the economic development of PNG” by admitting primary products duty free or to reduce tariffs. It will be Interesting to see what benefits, if any, PNG derives from this “waiver,” especially the old TNG as compared with pre-war tariffs. I never heard any complaints of the old tariff which placed all member countries of the League of Nations on the one footing insofar as tariffs were concerned, and enabled many European goods to be landed in TNG far cheaper than in Australia. ♦ * ♦ High Commissioner for Pakistan, Habibur Rahman, who attended the unveiling ceremony recently in PNG, hit the nail on the head when he returned to Sydney, by saying that education would give the natives a higher aim in life. He added: “They don’t work to their full capacity because their needs are simple.

They have no worries and plenty of food and sunshine.”

I am inclined to ask: “Why force them to a ‘higher aim in life’ which only complicates their needs, brings economic confusion, im measurable worry and atomic tension which is exactly where our

own western civilisation has landed us all to-day?”

I have an idea that the Carpenter from Nazareth plugged for simplicity as one of the keystones when He laid the foundation for the Christian Religion. But simplicity now, 1953 years after His birth, is considered a near-crime. Surely it is as much a Human Right to be simple as it is to be educated. * * * Latest PMG trade figures give cause for thought. Papuan imports exceeded exports by £2.57 million, while New Guinea exports exceeded imports by £1.31 million. Little wonder NG producers are not too happy with the merger of the two territories. * * * I see where a Works Department employee complains of having to get a clearance from certain Admin istration Depts. in Rabaul before obtaining his permit to leave the country. This has been the custom for many years and the reason is simple; To prevent people slipping away without paying their telephone bill, rent and such-like and ensur ing that native-labour matters have been properly finalised. It is an old NG custom and, providing the departing person is not trying to make a flit and avoid his creditors, there is no reason to complain. * * * Latest reversal of economic form in the sale of PNG beer in Bris bane at 4/- a bottle, and more stocks anticipated to be available in Syd ney and Melbourne before Christ mas. What next? * * * Applicants for the Civilian In ternees’ Trust Fund grant should take heart at long last. Latest tip is that payments will commence this month —November.

Of Travelling Bananas

Anew Zealand scientist on the staff of the industrial laboratories of the DSIR re cently had the interesting task of nursing a consignment of bananas on an all-night train trip from Auckland to Palmerston North.

Temperatures were taken at regular intervals to see whether the patients were becoming too cold as the train climbed through the high country in the central part of the island.

Cause of the investigation was a theory that bananas are suffering in quality on the rail trip south from Auckland through being per mitted to get too cold.

The finding was contrary to the theory. But some shipments of bananas are still arriving inland in poor condition. tf Pastor Ken Gray and family, SDA Missionaries in Papua, were on furlough in Australia in October.

Two Marine

Tonga And Fiji

TWO marine disasters are re ported—one in Tonga and one in Fiji.

Nukualofa reported in mid- October that an unnamed cutter, bound from Lifuka to Kao (30 miles to the westward) foundered with the presumed loss of seven lives, on October 2. One person aboard was a Fijian. Two Tongan survivors landed on Kao.

From Suva came news of the loss of the 35-foot auxiliary cutter Nora, when bound from Ngau Island to Suva, on October 21. Though normally licensed to carry 19 per sons all told, the 32-year-old Nora had 39 aboard at the time. She was struck by a squall and capsized.

Twenty-six persons reached Moturiki on rafts; eight men and one woman were lost; and five others, including the captain, were saved, following an extensive air and sea search. They were picked up, almost exhausted, clinging to the upturned hull, 23 hours after the accident. They told of sharks circling the derelict, waiting for the men to drop off, one by one.

Nora is listed as belonging to Mr.

J. Eastgate, of Levuka. She had a Fijian master.

Mecca of the Future?

[N years to come, New Zealand may have a rival as the trout fisherman’s paradise of the Pacific. Trout released in the highlands and in rivers in the tforobe district of New Guinea are ■eported to be doing very well and f they continue to progress as at >resent, will be a matter of excite nent to anglers everywhere—as well is to the local natives.

Between ten and 20 thousand »aby trout were released in a stream lear the Nondugl Experimental Station in December, 1949—they lad been flown from Sydney in a pecially equipped plane at the nstructions of Sir Edward Hall trom and released at Nondugl 24 lours after leaving Sydney. Noth ing has been heard of these fish ately—although they were sup tosed to have been tabu to the latives for at least two years—the -ge at which they spawn.

A year ago trout were released in he Baiune River by the Bulolo iold Dredging Co. and are reported o have grown an inch a month nd to be about 11 inches long now. ust recently, BGD made another ,000 troutlings available for re ?ase in the upper reaches of the tulolo River. (Next Column)

Probably the trout in the Baiune and Bulolo have a better chance of survival than those in the High lands. There are comparatively few indigenous natives in the former areas; in the Highlands there are a great many, and few natives can resist a fish—from the size of a minnow, and upwards.

H Mr. T. G. Pollard was married in September to Miss Patricia Southerden, of Brisbane. He is the eldest son of the late Mr. A. O.

Pollard, who once was a well-known planter in the Hisiu district of Papua.

Bank of NSW Now at Madang, NG

close on its recent establishment of a branch at Balolo and an Agency at Wau, NG, the Bank of New South Wales has opened a full branch at Madang, NG.

Manager will be Mr. W. H. Cargill, of Queensland. Madang is an important copra area on the New Guinea mainland; the Bank of NSW was represented in the town immediately before the war.

Madang is the sixth post-war office of the Bank to be opened in New Guinea and Papua. Others are at Port Moresby, Bulolo, Wau, Lae and Rabaul.

A notable mountaineering event took place in the Pacific on September 28, when a Frenchman and two French- Tahitians succeeded in climbing Tahiti’s 7,339-foot pinnacle, Mount Orohena, for the first time. A number of atempts have been made in the past to climb this mountain, notably by the late Charles B.

Vordhoff and companions, but the honour aow falls to Monsieurs L. P. Alphonse Hollande, aged 46, Marcel Varuamana, »ged 27, and Raymond Tiaore, 22.

The Tahiti despatch describes Orohena as the highest mountain in the Pacific islands, but this statement must of course be modified—there are much higher peaks in the Solomons, New Britain, New Guinea, the Hawaiian Islands and New Zealand. Few people are aware, however, that Tahiti has a peak of this height.

The photo shows the conquerors of Mount Orohena—left to right: Marcel Varuamana, Alphonse Hollande, and Raymond Tiaore.

Fiji’S 79 Years Of

rE commemoration of Cession Day the anniversary of the signing of the Deed of Cession on October 10, 1874 was cele brated throughput Fiji last month.

As usual, Fijian and European leaders of the community spoke to large gatherings in many parts of the Colony.

The Governor, who was absent at the South Pacific Commission meet ing in Noumea, telegraphed his greetings.

“On October 10, 79 years ago” said His Excellency’s message, “your fore fathers freely decided to cede your country to Queen Victoria. On the path of progress which they then chose Fiji has already gone far. If we continue to go forward, accept ing both the advantages and the responsibilities of modern life and living together as a united com munity, I am sure that even better things lie ahead.” fl The London manager of the Colonial Sugar Refining Co., Mr.

Mallon, and the chief inspector, Mr. Carver, spent 10 days in Fiji during October.

Suva Can Expect

200 Years From Now

A REPORT issued jointly by Dr.

W. Skiba, Senior Geologist in Fiji, and Mr. H. Wellman, a New Zealand expert on tectonic (non-volcanic) earthquakes, shows that there is no evidence to support the theory that Fiji’s September earthquake was of volcanic origin.

Soundings of Suva Harbour and its approaches to a depth of 2,000 feet showed no traces of recent eruption; but they did indicate that a considerable underwater land slide had taken place. In one place

the depth has increased by about 300 feet and in another it has decreased by the same amount. Many thous ands of tons of material were in volved, and this movement was probably responsible for the tsunami, or so-called “tidal” wave (though the tide is in no way involved) rather than the actual earthquake itself.

Extensive cracks along and parallel with the coral reefs off shore near Suva have been ex amined. The parts of the reef sea ward of the cracks have tilted sea ward and numerous very large blocks of coral have been thrown onto the reef.

The report emphasises that the recent earthquake was not an

isolated event. Earthquakes of similar intensity have occurred in Fiji several times during the last 100 years. A list of these is being prepared.

On the basis of evidence at pre sent available of past earthquakes, it seems likely that a similar shake might occur at intervals of approxi mately 20 years, and within the Suva area at intervals of possibly 200 years.

The report explains one occur rence that gave ground to the sug gestion that the earthquake was of volcanic origin. During the shake, sand-saturated water spouted from the ground on the alluvial flats of Ba, Wainibokasi, Vunidawa and Navua. They were caused through compaction—as the surface soil settled onto the less compact, water saturated stratum below.

A full technical bulletin on the earthquake will shortly be issued by the Geological Survey Department.

Seismic Reporting Stations

As Warning

Meanwhile, Mr. J. C. Grover, BSIP Government geologist, visit ing Suva during October, advocated the setting up of a Pacific-wide net work of seismic reporting stations to give advance warning of tsunami waves which sometimes cause great damage at points thousands of miles from their point of origin.

Though no such damage seems to have resulted from the recent earthquake in the Suva region, there have been several cases in recent years where damage has occurred. One which originated from a submarine earthquake near Alaska, did damage in Hawaii, the Marquesas and Tahiti several years ago.

Though the waves travel at great speed, an efficient organisation could, in many cases, pass a warning in time for people to gain higja ground before the wave arrived.

It was reported to the Fiji Legis lative Council at the end of Sep tember that the nett amount raised in the Colony’s internal Develop ment Loan was £1,243,334. The amount has been transferred to the Development Reserve Fund.

Abolition of amusement tax on tmateur sporting events, in line mth recent United Kingdom action s being urged on the Government •y Fiji sporting bodies.

Suva’s Marine Parade, the water ront road encircling Suva Point, las been renamed Queen Elizabeth )rive m honour of the forthcoming loyal Visit.

Travellers by TEAL in October in luded: Miss T. Stowers, of Apia, W. Samoa, who was met by Miss Enid Thompson when she arrived at Auckland, NZ, on holiday.

Mr. L. A. Pearson, who was in charge of the building of the new Methodist Church at Apia, W. Samoa, returned to Sydney with his wife and child, on leave, before commencing construction of the new Apia Bank of New Zealand in anuary.

Mrs. A. Petersen from Suva, Fiji, was [?]let by Island friends—Mr. and Mrs. [?]raser (left) and Mrs. Hunt.

Business

Oscar G. Nordman, Tahiti

businessman, has recently acquired the former Malarde home at Mataiea, on the south coast of Tahiti, 60 miles from Papeete, where he plans to establish a country hotel.

Alterations will be made to the old mansion and spacious verandahs will be added. Cottages will be li- n £ a 3i by ’ J?£. d 2 tennis court established. Billiard tables and a sound-movie projector will be In stalled. The property has a fine

*> ea 9 h where canoes, a launch and fishing nets will be available to guests. Guests will be provided with regular and comfortable trans port mto Pa Peete.

Mr. Nordman—known to all and sundry as Oscar—has in his day been a ship’s steward, cook, pantry man, sculleryman, and dishwasher, so knows the catering business from A to Z. He plans, he says, to serve decent meals that will suit all Purses.

Those who know Oscar know that he will leave nothing wanting in the care of his guests when the hotel opens for business in a few months.

[ Miss Janece McLean left Bris bane m October for Namatanai, New Ireland by the Malekula, where she has been appointed teacher.

She was formerly on the teaching staff at Goondiwindi (Qld.) Her narents have resided in New Ireland for several years.

An attack upon the preserves of some of the old-established concerns in the New Hebrides is being made by the New Hebrides Trading and Shipping Company, organised by Mr. R. Beim which owns the handy little Vila-Sydney vessel Vila Star’. With the support of

some Sydney merchants, and getting the advantage of lower freights, the Beim Company has been catting prices. The older traders are fighting back, and there are indications of a lively price war.

Photo (by Fang Kaei) shows Mr. Beim and some of his staff, in Vila.

T'HE Fiji Government has decided A to set up permanent emergency committees throughout the Colony to deal with hurricanes, earthquakes or other disasters that may arise.

The move has been inspired by the recent earthquake and tidal wave and by experience of the 1952 hurricane and the confusion that existed in organizing relief follow ing that disaster.

I .- Ab £ ai Sinha, a Fiji-Indian, passed his final pharmacy exam, in Syd ney in August.

Papuan Man As

Mr. S. Elliot-Smith Has Re

placed Mr. Charles Bates, who has been ill for some time, as District Commissioner, Madang, New Guinea.

Mr. Elliot-Smith is well-known in Papua but has not previously had an appointment on the “other side.” He retired from the Service some years ago and went to Western Australia, but returned at the time of the Mt. Lamington eruption and did a fine job of re habilitation in that district.

Earlier this year, when there was considerable public agitation about the increase of native offences against European women and chil dren in the Moresby area, he was placed in charge of the District Office, Port Moresby, with con siderable success. Mr. Elliot-Smith, who trained under the late Sir Hubert Murray, is credited with knowing his Papua better than most officers in the present District Services Department.

Mr. F. N. Bensted, Acting District Commissioner, Daru, has replaced Mr. Elliot-Smith at Moresby.

The planned tour of British Columbia by a Fiji Rugby team in this Southern summer has been postponed for a year. A New Zea land Rugby team will tour British Columbia this season.

A Mr. S. Fish, assistant Director of Education in W. Samoa, together with Mrs. Fish and their son, re turned to Apia in mid-October after leave in New Zealand.

If Mr. S. J. Mann. LLB., arrived in Suva with his wife and family early in October from Christchurch, New Zealand, to join the legal firm of Ellis, Munro, Warren and Leys.

For remaining at their posts dur ing the earthquake and tidal wave, the Governor of Fiji has sent letters of commendation to a num ber of persons. They include six telephone exchange operators, and an Indian employee of the CSR mill at Nausori, Rasul Bux, who re mained at his post when steam pipes burst.

A photograph taken after the wedding, in the Rabanl Methodist Church, on September 26, of Miss Mavis Lamer ton to Mr. Robert Graham Matheson.

The bride wore a pale pink faille gown with matching hat and gloves and was attended by Mrs.

Marie Soczynski as Matron of Honour, Mr. D. J. Mathe son, a cousin of the bridegroom, flew from Queensland to be best man. Mr. Ray Galloway gave the bride away.

The reception was held at the Resi dency, the guests be ing received by Mrs.

J. K. McCarthy, assisted by Mr. M.

Orken (in the ab -

sence of Mr. McCarthy).

Guests included Mr. and Mrs. K. W.

Jones, Mr. and Mrs. R. Boyan, Mr. and Mrs D. Fienberg, Mr. and Mrs. K.

Williamson, Mr. and Mrs. C. Liddle, Mr. and Mrs. K. Chambers, Mr. and Mrs. A.

Lange, Mr. and Mrs. B. King, Mr. and Mrs. G. Lange, Drs. K. Pike and J.

Soczynski, Mesdames G. Latta, E. Smith K. Hendren, F. Lewis, E. Mitchell, Misses N. Byrne, E. Bruce. N. Hendren, G.

Rutherford, P. Clarke, E. Steven and Messrs. S. Pearse. V. Hayles, L. Berkfeld, J. Crockett. A. Filer. W. Levi, E. Hawnt, M. Orken. W. Dupe, M. Cherry, E. Clerke, L. Kent, A. Reed. W. Smith, B. Cobden,

R. Parkinson, R. Bell, D. Barrett and W<. J. Read.

Mr. and Mrs. Matheson will make their home at Rabanl. Mr. Matheson Is Staff Surveyor of the Dept, of Lands, Surveys and Mines.

The photograph shows (left to right) bride and groom, Mrs. Soczynski and Mr.

D. J. Matheson.

In October, Fiji Airways was

seeking a pilot with a senior com mercial license. Salary: £1,350 with annual increments of £50 for the next three years.

This Is a time for renewed faith in our purpose, ourselves and the peoples whom we serve. We are more than a research agency, a re porting centre, a self-help super market, a drug store for Islands peoples. The Commission is a liv ing moving force for helping to implement and carry forward the hopes and aspirations of our Islands peoples to take their own con tributory place in this marching of mankind toward freedom and under standing.—Dean Knowles A. Ryer son, at the conclusion of the session of the South Pacific Commission in Noumea on October 29.

The Fiji Government has issued an attractive booklet of photo graphs, plans and details of the new Queen Victoria School which was opened last March. Copies are available from the Government Printer, Suva, at 1/-.

Less Whale Oil In 1953

A RECENT report from the Inter national Whaling Commission shows that although the maxi mum allowable catch of Antartic baleen (toothless) whales was set at 16,000 blue whale units, the com bined fleets of the world took only 14,855 units by closing date this year.

This represents about 325,000 tons of oil.

For the 1954 season, the Com mission has set a lower allowable maximum—ls,soo units —and has introduced some other regulations.

The season will open on January 2 and close April 7, unless the catch is achieved earlier, but hump back whales may be taken only on five specified days of the season— February 1-5.

These regulations do not apply to toothed whales, such as the sperm. The latter, hunted mainly for the non-edible oil contained in its head and used for industrial purposes, is usually taken earlier than January by some of the fleets en route to the Antarctic. This oil was last reported to be in poor demand.

With regard to the annual migra tion of whales from the Antarctic to the tropics, some recent interest ing aerial research in Australian waters showed that humpbacks start to head south again after calv

ing about August 24 and that their average migratory cruising speed is about 4.3 knots. They commence leaving Antarctic waters in April.

If Bishop Kempthorne, of Suva, journed to Aitutaki by TEAL air craft at the end of October on Church of England business.

fl Major-General Secombe, GOC Northern Command, paid a three weeks’ visit to Papua-New Guinea in October. His tour included Vanimo, the Australian Military outpost not far from the Dutch border in New Guinea. He travelled from Madang to Vanimo in the Army supply vessel Tarra.

H The 13-years-old son of Mr. and Mrs. Manicaros, who run a mixed plantation at Lae, in New Guinea, recently won an international art competition organised by the Danish Government for children of 13 and under. It was for drawings and paintings illustrating fairy tales by the Danish story-teller, Hans Christian Andersen. The boy, Lucas, who is a pupil at Mt. Carmel Boys’

College, at Charters Towers, Queens land, won the Australian section and £5O.

Travellers from the Islands by TEAL in October included:— Miss D. Scott from Fiji (right), who was met in Auckland by Mr. and Mrs.

McNath and children.

Mr. Sudhakar, a schoolteacher from Fiji, visiting New Zealand schools during his vacation, was met by Mr. John Sharon, Auckland University student, also of Fiji.

Mr. and Mrs. F. Tuala arrived in Auckland from Apia.

Offered

THE British Solomons Govern ment called for tenders in mid- October for salvage rights for three years to all scrap remaining ln an!i o , , The material includes Japanese war and merchant vessels lying on the beaches of Kolumbangara, Guadalcanal and in Tulagi harbour.

Most of the “easy” scrap has been exported already; what remains will be worth less than it would have been some years ago when the scrap market was booming. It is probable that the bulk of the remaining scrap will find its way to Japan.

rpHE population of the Cook u l^s3, as digeno’us The area rff 6 1 hi c n f Q io*™ h o?ouS fs 56 900 acres 15 " lsland ° roup 18 56 ’ 900 acres - An analysis of published figures shows a natural increase for the year of 26.7 per thousand, Rarotonga, the main island and seat of Administration, had a popu lation of 5,988, followed by Aitu taki with 2,457, Mangaia 1,800, and Atiu 1,348. Only one island Takutea—was uninhabited, though Suwarrow had a population of only 1

The US Department of Interior has acquired three Sa-16 Albatross amphibians to provide air services within the Trust Territory of Micro nesia, not already covered under contract by Trans-Ocean Airways.

The Albatross aircraft is said to be faster and more efficient in opera tion than the Catalinas which they replace.

Old residents of New Guinea will be happy to hear that Bishop Vesters, MSC, OBE, is still hale and hearty at 78. In October he was on a visit to the Territory to celebrate with his former co-workers, the Golden Jubilee of his Ordination.

He was born in Holland, was educated in local schools and later in France, Salzburg-, Rome and Lorain University.

He worked as a missionary in the Philippine Islands 1911-1915, and later in Brazil 1915-1930. He was then appointed Prefect Apostolic of the Celebes Mission. He relinquished this post only to become Bishop of Rabaul (Catholic Mission, Vunapope) in 1933. His tour of duty in TNG lasted until 1938 when he was forced to resign owing to ill health.

A gifted organiser and administrator, he played an important part in extending the work of the Mission. In 1937 Bishop Vesters was awarded the OBE for his relief work on the occasion of the Rabaul eruption. He is now living in retirement at Mary’s Mount, Melbourne, where this photograph of the Bishop was taken.

These Islanders were outward bound from Auckland, NZ, in October: Mr.

James Williams (right), of Tonga, was farewelled by Mr. Joseph Vailima Tauaika, former NZ Army boxing champion In the Middle East: He Is a Tongan, but is now resident in Auckland.

Mr, F. Loau, after several years in New Zealand, returned home to Vaiala, W. Samoa.

These Solomon Islands girls visited New Zealand on the Melanesian Mission ship Southern Cross in September-October, then returned home. Left to right, Perpetua Talu, Naomi Tate, Elizabeth Gorringe, and Edith Bale.

New Guinea Beer Selling

ON October 23, a new bottled beer, South Pacific Export Lager, from Port Moresby, was on sale in Brisbane for the first time. The first of regular monthly consignments, 1,000 dozen bottles, arrived on the Bulolo.

The beer was brewed by South Pacific Brewing Company, Port Moresby, which began production last year. More than 80 per cent, of the consignment was snapped up by Brisbane freehold hotel keepers seeking sample lots.

According to reports, all the No vember consignment will be reserved for Queensland country hotels.

For Damaged

Sandringham

THERE was some excitement at the Port Moresby Marine Base on October 8 when a Qantas Sandringham, carrying eight pas sengers, made an emergency land ing. The aircraft, when landing at Lindenhafen, New Britain, tore a small hole in its hull on a reef.

After Lindenhafen the Sandring ham was scheduled to go on to other New Britain ports, back to Rabaul and then Port Moresby via Samarai. But at Lindenhafen, just as it had picked up two passengers, it was noticed that water was fill ing the hull. The pilot, Captain Bob Fairservice, immediately took off and headed direct for Port Mor esby.

He estimated that on take-off the Sandringham was carrying about 2i-tons of shipped water, and that it was lying a foot deep in the hull.

It was seeping into the carpet beneath the passengers’ feet. The water had gone by the time the Sandringham circled over Moresby, where two D.C.A. crash boats and a launch with pumping equipment, and one or two other boats stood by.

Captain Fairservice made a per fect landing, and taxied right up to the mooring buoy, where the pas sengers were taken off and arrange ments made to beach the Sand

ringham. None had ever been taken on to the ramp at Port Moresby be fore, but only a fortnight before the procedure had been arranged.

A truck from the Australian Pet roleum Company did the hauling, and the Sandringham was up and dry less than an hour after land ing. It returned to Sydney two days later.

11 Mr. and Mrs. Pat Costello, of Suva, Fiji, who were visitors to London during the Coronation, arrived in Melbourne by P & O liner at the end of October —just in time for the Melbourne Cup, which Mr.

Costello has not missed for many years. They returned to Fiji in mid-November after a brief visit to Sydney.

Co-Operation

Aid Seriously Ill Man

THE air-age and miracle drugs have much to commend them despite hankerings for the “good old days.”

When Mr. M. F. Giles, a tech nician at Fanning Island cable station, became seriously ill early in October, an SOS was sent to Australia for supplies of cortisone and ACTH to be despatched by air.

The request was passed to the US Navy at Pearl Harbour. No sea plane was available there but a landplane made the 3,000 mile round-trip flight, successfully para chuting the drugs.

It became necessary, however, for the patient to be sent to hospital so a call was made on the RNZAF flying-boat squadron at Lauthala Bay, Fiji, and a Catalina made the long flight via Canton Island. Mr.

Giles was transferred to a Pan American passenger aircraft at Canton and flown to Sydney, where he arrived just a week after the first appeal for drugs had been made. He is now progressing satis factorily.

Fanning, one of the most isolated islands in the Pacific, is off the regular route of planes and ship ping, is about 1,500 miles from Hawaii and about 5,000 from Sydney.

Growers Even When Not Growing

117 HEN Mr. Halstead, a Govern- TT ment member of NZ Parlia men, asked the NZ Minister of Agriculture, Mr. Holyoake, whether New Zealand, desparately short of potatoes, could not obtain some from a large surplus offering at Norfolk Island in October, he re ceived the now familiar reply.

Mr. Holyoake said that it would be uneconomic to airfreight potatoes to New Zealand.

It will be recalled that some time ago the New Zealand Government, as a concession to Norfolk Island, permitted the import of certain vegetables, at certain times of the year, but by air freight only —to protect New Zealand growers.

It does not matter whether the New Zealand growers have nothing to offer, this extraordinary ruling seems still to apply. At the very moment that the Minister made his reply, the New Zealand government vessel Matai was repairing tele graph cables at Norfolk and was to come back to Auckland almost empty of cable. She could have carried at least 50 tons of potatoes.

Another vessel, the 300-ton Rannah, idle awaiting a shipment of tomatoes from the Cook Islands, could also have made a profitable

voyage to Norfolk if the quantities of potatoes were available there as suggested by Mr. Halstead.

Though Norfolk could produce every kind of produce in short sup ply in New Zealand during the winter, it appears destined never to be permitted to do so and it is not shortage of shipping tonnage that will be the cause.

U Mr. J. C. Gerlach of the New Zealand Department of Agriculture’s Tropical Section, returned to New Zealand early in October after carrying out a survey of agricul tural possibilities on three islands of the Lower Cook group.

First Manager of Fiji Broadcasting Commission

Mr. K. G. Collins, at present station manager at radio station IYZ Rotorua, N.Z., has been ap pointed manager of the new Fiji Broadcasting Commission and will take up duties next February.

Station IYZ Rotorua, due to some peculiarity in the sighting of the transmitter, gifes an excellent cov erage for the South Pacific and is widely listened to by Island listen ers, for whom a Request Session is provided each week. Mr. Collins is therefore already familiar with the tastes of Island listeners.

Season Troubles

THE Papua-New Guinea Admini stration has decided to equip its own houses at Madang with extra rainwater tanks and is urging private owners to do likewise. This follows a recent drought, when water has had to be carted from the Gum River, and then boiled to make it safe to drink.

The official opinion is that Mad mg will not have a reticulated water service for at least five years [for which read ten years!) and ;hat tanks are the only immediate inswer.

Until comparatively recently, ;anks have been in short supply n New Guinea, as they have in Australia, and some of the methods >f maintaining household supplies lave been extremely crude.

In Kavieng, which is probably the east “rehabilitated” town in the Gerritory, the roofing on Admini tration houses is still mostly hatch, with a small piece of gal anised iron on the kitchen quar ers which serves as the rain catch lent area. More often than not, the tanks” are salvaged 44-gallon rums. While these conditions pre ail there is certain to be a panic eriod whenever there are two or tiree weeks without rain.

Port Moresby is the only town i the Territory that has water re

ticulation and, according to some householders who live on the heights, there is often not much reticulation about that, either.

Mr. Cyril Andersen, A Part-

Ellice Islander visiting relatives in the Ellice Islands after tour ing North America as a nightclub entertainer, was refused a permit to land at Funafuti in August, until he could deposit a bond of £5O Stg„ which was subscribed by friends and Ellice Islanders at Funafuti.

Born in Auckland, Mr. Andersen was not required to provide a bond when he visited the Ellice Islands in 1947, and he was informed this year that he would not be asked to deposit a bond to cover his present visit. He arrived with about £lOO worth of canned food and gifts for his relations, but did not have the required cash.

STAMP collectors in various places are complaining rather bitterly about the equipment used by some postmasters in the British Solomon Islands. They say that they go to considerable trouble to purchase certain issues of Solomon Islands stamps and to have them properly postmarked and then their trouble is wasted because either the date stamps are worn out, or the ink-pads are completely dry, with the result that the can cellations are an indecipherable blotch, and the stamps have to be thrown away. One correspondent says that a complaint in strong terms was made to the BSI postal authorities months ago without result.

Maybe a word in the right quar ter will suffice. The British Solomon Islands government is not in a posi tion where it can ignore any source of revenue.

Coastwatchers’

Memorial

Probably be a Navigation Light

MORE than £l5OO of the target £2,000 for the Coastwatchers’

Memorial Fund had already been collected in early October. In the hope that the last £5OO will be forthcoming before Christmas, the Committee (c/o Naval Intelligence Division, Navy Office, Melbourne, S.C.I) is making a final drive.

Recently the fund received a don ation of £3 from Siarua, Giwa (his wife) and Eima (an adopted daugh ter), who work on Mr. Fred Archer’s plantation at Jame, Buka Passage.

These three natives were with the Coastwatchers during the war and some of their adventures have been told in FIM by Mr. Archer. They escaped in a submarine to BSI in 1943.

The Memorial will probably take the form of a navigation light which will certainly be appropriate and useful among the thousands of miles of New Guinea’s unlighted coastal waters.

Let us hope that the memorial light goes to Bougainville, where Coastwatchers did some of their most important work and which boasts a maze of coral reefs, and not one light among them. The names of the Coastwatchers would

then be twice blessed particu larly by mariners who now, if they wish to crawl out of these “ports” in darkness, send a boat out first to hang a kerosene lantern on a stick off the worst of the reefs.

II A former Anglican, and the first Benedectine Abbot ever to visit Fiji,

Dom Wilfrid Upson, 0.5.8., Abbot of Pinknash Abbey, Gloucester England, paid a four-day visit tc the Colony recently. He addressed £ crowded congregation at the Sacrec Heart Cathedral, Suva, and was ac corded a ceremonial Fijian recep tion at Votua, before continuing hi! journey home by air from Australia

P-NG Exports in 1952-53

WITH justifiable pride, the Aus tralian Territories Minister, on October 17, announced that the exports of the Territories of Papua-New Guinea in 1952-53 reached a value of £10,814,301, com pared with £5,437,672 in 1949-50 — doubled in four years.

In the same period imports have risen from £9,475,827 in 1949-50 to £12,071,481 in 1952-53. The 1952-53 figure was about £2,000,000 less than imports in 1951-52, the reduction being due largely to the policy of import restrictions to conserve ex change.

This would have been of great interest to all Pacific Territories, if only the Canberra bureaucrats had thought it worth while to show how the total of exports in 1952-53 was made up. Such a thing apparently never occurs to them. From the data given by the Minister, and 3ther figures made available in Moresby, we have compiled the fol lowing table, which is approximately jorrect:

Total value in 1952-53 . .. 10,814,301 1952-53 exports included 19 tons of enaf fibre and 25 tons of passionfruit alp.

The Minister said that the range f exports is also growing as new lelds of primary production are pened, and he quotes Kenaf fibre, langrove bark, passionfruit pulp, ralip nuts, cinchona bark and pea uts. “The trend to greater iversification of production will ive greater stability to the Terri )ry’s economy,” he said. He noted lat in 1952-53, natives produced >,OOO tons of copra, valued at 1,200,000.

The Minister also noted that the erritory is prpducing more of its wn food—the imports of preserved Bgetables and fruit, in 1952-53, ere half the total of 1951-52. He dded: “Side by side with encouragement ' the development of the Terri >ry’s resources, planned efforts are sing made to increase local food ipplies. Quick results are being stained in vegetables, and long >rm plans are being developed for «al production of rice and meat, hich are two of the largest items : imported foods.”

The following figures show how •me plantation production has

Papua-New Guinea now has an income of approximately £AI9 per annum—£lol millions from exports, plus over £7 from Australian Com monwealth subsidies, plus at least £1,000,000 being spent each year on the search for oil.

II Monsieur Robert Charon, well known in Tahiti, was recently awarded the Legion d’Honneur and Croix de Guerre with palms “for services military and civil.”

grown in recent years: 1948- 1949- 1950- 1951- 1949 1950 1951 1952 Copra .. 46.383 57,885 75,483 76,904 C. Meal Nil Nil Nil Nil Rubber . .. 1,198 1,634 1,952 2,849 Cocoa . . .. 200 207 317 477 Coffee 16 21 33 35

Jopra, tons ..

Quantity Value (£A) 76,392 5,273,234 )il and meal, tons 5,653 508,489 )ess. coco., tons .. 1,377 329.862 fold, oz 138,835 2,149,817 lubber, lb .. .. 6,520,275 736,080 tocoa, tons .. 639 174,987 bell, tons 795 129,114 timber, su. ft. 1,998,778 76,009 toffee, tons .. 47 31,055 liver, oz 64,464 23,415 eanuts, tons 110 21,302 Inchona, tons . 19 631

Cargo Levy to Pay for Suva's Earthquake-Damaged Wharf

DUE to earthquake and tidal wave damage to the Suva wharves, the Suva port authority has announced a levy of 5/- per ton on all incoming cargo to this Fiji port.

This will have the effect of rais ing the prices of all imported goods by 5/- per ton.

The freight rate from Auckland to Suva on general cargo which was £5/1/6 per ton is thus now £5/6/6.

Nurse Grace Morrison, MBE, was on leave in Sydney from Fiji in October.

Japanese Around N.

Fishing Fleets Contact Natives

From a Special Correspondent

Sohano, Oct. 2.

THERE have been a number of Japanese fishing fleets about these parts for some time — apparently fishing with marvel lously long lines and plenty of green glass floats. Many floats are being washed up on the beaches round about.

Natives have come to me re cently with tales of very bright (and large) lights at sea, which move erratically or stay hours in one place. There seem to be mother ships attending on the smaller vessels. As you know, a Jap trawler was on the reef near Kieta, and taken possession of by the Ad ministration.

Recently, a local ship went out to the Tasmans, skippered by Bert Wickham, who is well known in TNG. He reported to the District Commissioner at Sohano that there was a Jap ship fishing adjacent to the group and that, about three weeks prior to his arrival, Japs from some ship had landed on one of the Tasman Islands and had burned a store or shed. A patrol went out

from Sohano to investigate, and a report was made. At about that time a Jap ship, estimated to be about 5,000 tons, was sighted be tween Mortlock Group and Tas mans; but there was no communic tion with her, seemingly.

Now all this means—to the natives —that the Japs are back again.

What construction they put on these things one cannot say—but nothing to our credit, I guess. The Japs—as you’ll know—landed a while back on Cartarets and on Buka (northern side) and held converse with the natives. Some Buka natives—l am told—said that some of the Japs claimed that they were part of the previous garrison in Buka.

These outlying, unvisited islands are a danger, and these things emphasise it. No one would have known about the Tasman visita tion but for Wickham—on a shell ing and trading jaunt—visiting Tasmans and sending a radio.

Patrols nevah—well, hardly evah! —go out that way to see what is doing. Wouldn’t you think that the Navy would show the flag around about more frequently, and improve morale, etc., among the coons?

Another thing is‘ that Bougain ville is so close to the Solomons, and the natives get all the news— by Mission boats, etc. Our people (Europeans) feel that it all affects the discipline, etc., of the area; but the Administration (as usual) couldn’t care less—we are far away

from Moresby and H.Qrs. 1 'V EDITORIAL NOTE—There is no need for panicky headlines in the Australian newspapers Japanese fishing fleets are quite legitimately

pursuing their avocations in and around the Solomons (the north western islands of which are part of the New Guinea Administration).

We reported three months ago that Japanese fishing fleets, using a new and scientific technique, were get ting astonishing catches of good fish in these waters; and we sug gested that the British or Australian Governments should pay the Japs to show us how to make use of the hitherto unexploited wealth of our tropical seas.

The disturbing statement is that these wandering ex-enemies of ours are making contact with the natives.

It is impossible to prevent such meetings; but the Administration surely could keep closer supervision over them, and prevent any sinister development. It would be easy to create among these primitive people a belief that the Asiatics, in spite of Western suzerainty, are coming back.

Tyres Retreaded in Apia, Now

\ N important new service to the motoring public will be provided in Apia shortly with the establishment by Mr. Hans J. Keil, of a tyre re-treading plant at his motor garage.

Mr. Keil owns the White Horse Inn near Apia and has imported the tyre machinery from the United States. He

expects to be ready to commence business in October.

Initially only bus and truck tyres will be handled, then American car tyres, and eventually the smaller English car tyres.

At present tyres have to go to Fiji or New Zealand for re-treading.

As the industry will provide a public service, Mr. Keil hopes that the Customs

Department will adopt a reasonable attitude in regard to the heavy import duties involved on the equipment.—JFS.

If Colonel C. L. Pleasants, lately commander of Fiji Military Forces, returned to New Zealand on Oc tober 8.

How Do Islanders Communicate?

By L. Poole

I noticed, in a recent Pacific Islands Monthly, that Captain N. W. Macdonald, of the Western Pacific High Commission’s motor vessel, described how some Makwana boys knew that one of their num ber (a returning indentured labourer) had died on the ship at sea, although no message had been sent them. The captain said that, as they anchored a canoe from Makwana came out for the body; and he called it Black Magic.

But it was not Black Magic.

As long as Whites, from the West, have been visiting these archipelagos of the Pacific Islands, the inhabitants have been known to send messages in this way, over miles of intervening sea, and along the coasts.

In this case the boy concerned was a Makwana native. Therefore, the message was received from a fellow-member of the tribe on the ship. The dead boy was closely re lated to some highly-placed relative at Makwana—probably the son of a chief or perhaps the next in succession.

The natives of the Islands in the Torres Strait and Arafura and Coral Seas, and those lying between the Australian continent and New Guinea (Murdug, Badu, Moa, and others too numerous to mention) were all adepts at sending messages of this sort—certain groups having a system of communication as correct as our wireless.

Often, on especially serious occasions, native drums were ex tensively used, to stir up the war like feelings of the people when they were expecting the receipt of such tribal messages.

To my knowledge, the last definite message sent by a Solomon Islands “boy” was in 1913, when a recruit ing schooner, a very fine vessel, was burned to the water-line in Marau Sound, Guadalcanal. Thirty miles distant, the news was received in some way across the water, at Aola, by a native of the tribe concerned — ship’s name and other particulars were complete.

I think that this message system is a natural-born gift of people directly attuned to earth vibrations.

The power was possessed only by intelligent men of rank.

In urgent cases it was the only means of communication, and it was used to warn many a tribe of the approach of blackbirders, giv ing the kanakas time to hide in the bush where, in thpse days, sailors dared not penetrate.

As the natives were human, with all man’s vanities and love of show added to their desire to stand pre eminent among their fellows, they interwove so many curious and

often revolting and awe inspiring ceremonies with their practice of sending and receiving messages, that reverence and fear of them were aroused among the masses, reducing them to abject submission.

From this attitude of the natives there originated the white man’s MaSp ation ° f the term ’ Black iviagic.

I thought this had become a dead letter, and I wonder just what Captam Macdonald means by the term, as used by him.

As the need for these tribal messages decreased, owing to the increasing white population, so did the practice of the system disappear and one can understand

how the natives have lost the art.

Secret ceremonial practices by the feared witch-doctors were bound to be abandoned as Western influence grew, The Netherlands now ranks second amongst the West European oil producers. Up to a few years ago no oil was found in the Neth erlands. At present oil wells in Holland produce approximately 700,000 tons annually about 25 per cent, of the country’s own re quirements. The Netherlands also has developed an important oilfield in Western New Guinea.

Letter to the Editor AFTER a short period of right eous indignation, the people of Fiji can only comment, with ridicule, upon the “screeching un limited” with which the sensation making newspapers of Australia treated our September earthquake.

The purpose of the Australian Broadcasting Commission, in dis tributing such inaccurate informa tion, is rather more obscure than that of the newspapers, whose life blood depends upon massed sales.

The stories of eye-witnesses re turning from Fiji to Australia are mostly too absurd for comment; but two may be referred to.

One said: “Thousands of natives and Europeans screamed and ran.”

One might imagine that this re ferred to the Fijians. The natives did not panic and accepted this visitation with the same stoicism with which they confront other natural disturbances from time to time. Whatever the impression gained by the so-called eye-witness, his judgment must have been so seriously impaired that it probably influenced his rather precipitate departure from the Colony.

Then there is a short story asso ciated with another Australian newspaper comment. This was the statement: “Fiji isn’t the same any more; nobody smiles or laughs.”

Shortly before Suva’s quake, a NZ newspaper published a cartoon showing the conclusion of a monu mental cash collection taken dur ing a church service, and bearing the caption, “It always happens like this after an earthquake.” This cartoon came into the possession of a Suva resident who sought the advice of local clergy, shortly after the earthquake, as to the correct ness of this portrayal. He was promised by the reverend gentle man that after the next Sunday the correct answer would be forth coming.

However, on the following Mon day, the lay enquirer was con fronted with a rather indignant request from the Church as to the present whereabouts of his copy of the cartoon. This was produced from his pocket; and he was then greeted by the remark: “That is quite in order; but in the collection yesterday, there was a 10/- note pinned to a copy of that cartoon.”

So, “Fiji isn’t the same any more, nobody smiles or laughs.”

I am, etc.,

A. C. O’Reilly.

Suva, Fiji.

The Transactions of the Fiji Soc iety for the period 1841-47 were being published in New Zealand during October. The two volumes will contain a great deal of interest ing material on many aspects of Fiji.

A City

Area’s Population 40,000

Suva, Oct. 14.

1171 TH a flourish of trumpets ▼ t blown by Fijian soldiers in scarlet tunics and white sulus, and with the similarly dressed men of the Regimental Depot Band of the Fiji Infantry Regiment adding to the note of pageantry, Suva was declared a city on October 7.

The Governor (Sir Ronald Garvey) signed the proclamation on a dais m front of the decorated Town Hall, watched by civil, military and church leaders, and by about 10,000 Europeans, Indians, Fijians and Chinese.

Suva people generally were in terested, but not enthusiastic. The anly strong outburst of applause 3ame when the Mayor (Mr. D. M N McFarlane), replying to a short address by the Governor, linked me proclamation with the 79th anniversary of the signing of the Deed of Cession. Europeans, and some Indians, let themselves go a ittle when the Mayor said: ‘‘That day of celebration (Oc ober 10) every year brings sigmflc intly to our hearts and minds the pirit of the Deed of Cession, and nore strongly do we appreciate the oyalty and splendid example of iur Fijians, whose ancestors ceded hese islands to the Crown.”

Outlining the history of Suva mce Governor Sir William des r °eux proclaimed it a town in 1881 Ir. McFarlane referred to the resence on the dais of Mr. “Tavua” ohnson, who was a member of the uva Town Board under Mr. Gabriel larks as long ago as 1908.

Associating Suva’s new status with the dignity of the ancient cities of the United Kingdom, the Governor said that, although the capital of Fiji could not yet claim to rank with the great cities of the world in importance, “it can, if it will, in dignity hold a place worthy of an ancient honour; and it can now hold its head higher among our Pacific communities.”

The proclamation, made in the name of the Queen, was read by the Town Clerk (Mr. R. Balfour).

It referred specifically to the point that Suva now has a population of not less than 20,000.” At the moment, the fast-increasing popula tion is about 30,000 in the city area .

of Suva Peninsula, but the total number who are well within the orbit of the capital’s daily life is at least 40,000.

Indians in Unworthy Role

The last previous meeting of the Suva Town Council, held on Oc tober 6, was boycotted by the five Indian members who walked out on September 22. All five, however, at tended the proclamation ceremony next day.

At the meeting on October 8, the seven remaining members (five Europeans, one Indian and one Chinese) unanimously carried a resolution which “unequivocally aflirmed that his Worship the Mayor did not use the epithet of ‘fool’ or

‘fools’ : bn September 22.” (The Mayof had previously made a similar denial in a statement to the press). ...

When moving the resolution, Mr.

W. G. Johnson said that the wide publicity being given to an incorrect statement by the councillors who walked out, if not contradicted un equivocally, “might permit such an incorrect report being used with sinister motives in certain parts of the world where the press and people had little regard for the truth.” He added: “I am sorry that those councillors who withdrew have not shown a greater sense of responsibility and understanding.”

The public at large, including a considerable number of Indians, are heartily sick of the whole storm in a teacup. The only question that exercises the minds of anyone ex cept the five councillors (who apparently still cling to the idea that the “dictatorial” Mayor in sulted them and the whole Indian community) is what, if anything, is behind the rumpus.

Some people on the sideline be lieve, rightly or wrongly, that the “cause” could be an attempt to get rid of the present Mayor and elect an Indian Mayor of Suva before the Royal visit in December.

To date, the net result of the uproar has been an increase in the prestige of Mr. McFarlane among responsible people of all races. His

statement to the press in reply to a string of extraordinary “allega tions” was a model of patient mod eration.

Cocoa

mHE considered view of a con- X ference of cocoa interests re cently held in London was that the world demand for the product is increasing and, in a few years, should reach an annual consump

tion of a million tons. Present world consumption is 750,000 tons.

This is good news in the South Pacific, where large areas of cocoa have been planted up since the end of the war. As far as this is con cerned, however, the situation may be levelled out by the fact that science hopes soon to have beaten swollen-shoot disease which has seriously affected production in West Africa in recent years.

West African cocoa is considered to be far superior to that produced in New Guinea, for example.

Electricity

Remarkable New Method of Food-gathering

Experiments carried out in recent years—notably, by Pro fessor Konradin Kreutzer, of Friburg University, German y— promise a complete revolution in fishing methods within the next few years. Some of the implications of this system seem likely to be of interest to the Islands.

At the present time, for example, a Dutch expert on fishing methods of the older type is teaching the Tongans fishing, to aid that country in supplementing its food require ments. The demand for supplies of fish in other Groups is even more pressing. Though fish are plentiful the people have either lost the old arts of catching them or, for some reason, they cannot be readily caught.

Kreutzer, and some Russian ex perimenters, have discovered that if a pair of conductors are lowered into the water, and a direct current applied between them, fish in the area between the conductors will invariably head towards the positive one. Then, if the current is in terrupted and applied in impulses, each impulse causes the fish to give an involuntary twitch, which kicks it in the direction in which it is heading.

Thus, for example, the positive conductor might be placed at the inner end of a big net, and the negative conductor might consist of a long bare wire somewhere out in front of and across the entrance to the net. Any fish then coming between this latter wire and the net itself can be forced into the net by electricity.

In the same way, a fish “fence” can be erected which can be just as effective as the coral fence used in fish traps in the Islands. Such coral fences have been largely re sponsible for the silting up of the Ngatangiia harbour, Rarotonga.

Under the new system a single wire, which would not affect the flow of water at all, might be just as effective.

However, the matter is not quite as simple as it appears at first sight.

The greater the distance between the two conductors, the higher the voltage required to force a suf ficiently large current through the water. This involves heavier gen

erating equipment.

But experiments have already shown conclusively that there are spme cheap and immediate applica tions. By the above system, the ash are not actually killed or stunned at all. But by another nethod, in which the current is fed ;o a fish-hook and to another elec trode a foot or two further up the

fishing line, a fish which normally puts up a big fight can be tem porarily stunned, and easily hauled in by the use of only a few volts.

The “fence” method, however, is by far the most interesting insofar as the Islands are concerned. It has now been found that, by vary ing the voltage and the number of impulses per minute, a choice can be made between the sizes, and even between the varieties, of fish.

Correctly adjusted, unwanted fish will pass through the “fence” un affected, and the sizes required will be held for the waiting spearmen or hand-netters.

Already some equipment for this type of fishing is on sale commerci ally; and the possibilities are being discussed in fisheries’ publications all over the world. (Over)

Unwisely used, the method could be more destructive of fish re sources than the use of explosives (already outlawed), but used wisely, and under control, the new elec trical method could become an im portant factor in providing fish on a large scale for some Islands com munities. More is certain to be heard of the Kreutzer method be fore long.

U Mr. John Perry arrived at Port Moresby at the end of September to take over as acting senior geologist with the Department of Lands while Senior Geologist, Mr.

J. Thompson, takes leave in Aus tralia. fl The Colonial Secretary, Mr. A, F.

R. Stoddart, returned recently to Fiji after furlough overseas.

This street view, showing the western end of Victoria Parade, indicates how Sava, chief town of Fiji, is growing. The Triangle Garden can be seen in the distance. The new South Seas Hotel occupies the space between the right-hand building in this picture, and the “Fiji Times” office.

RADIO New Zealand has in stituted a daytime news broad cast containing items of par ticular interest to people living in the Islands. The broadcast is made on week days at 0030 GMT—that is, 12.30 p.m. NZT, 1.30 p.m. in Samoa, and 2 p.m. in the Cook Islands.

Broadcasting station vqo, Honiara, BSI, completed its first year’s operations on Sep tember 22. In the anniversary broadcast, thanks were expressed to those who had given time and enthusiasm to the station during the year, including Mr. E. V. Lawson,

Mr. E. Bubb and Mr. P. Flynn (for the popular sporting session on Wednesdays), and Mrs. Wilbur Clarke (for the very successful children’s sessions).

VQO is run entirely on voluntary effort, the greater part of which falls on the wireless officer at the Government station VQJ2, Honiara.

Mr. R. F. Calvert, who opened the broadcasting station and acted as announcer, engineer and (in con junction with the PRO) as pro gramme director, is now on leave in Sydney, and his work is being con tinued by Mr. D. G. Crump, of Honiara, with Mr. F. Eastick as wireless technician.

Style

When Mr. W. W. Warden, planter, noticed that sharks had been attracted to the shore at Soqulu, Taveuni, Fiji, by a dead animal in the water, he tried some marksmanship with a .303 rifle.

This was the bag. Two of the sharks are over 13 feet in length.

Fiji’S Reluctant

Rehabilitation

Of Exservicemen

FUTURE rehabilitation policy covering service in World War II and in Malaya will be dis cussed at a suitable opportunity by the new Legislative Council of Fiji.

The old Council’s Standing Com mittee on Finance last July re fused to sanction further funds to wards rehabilitation loans, declar ing that in its opinion the necessity no longer existed, although a num ber of beneficiaries under the scheme were left with houses or other undertakings partly com pleted and with no funds to com plete them.

The Governor, on that occasion,

provided by special warrant the sum of £5,000 to meet requirements, and announced that a further £12,000 would probably be required to meet existing commitments during the current year. The Governor has also, more recently, made an in terim grant of £l,OOO to provide tools for servicemen returning from Malaya.

The matter is now one of urgency and it appears that the new Legis lative Council will have to decide on a policy towards the rehabilita tion of troops from Malaya, the first of whom were sent overseas two years ago.

T[ Mr. R. N. Sanders, a former veterinary officer in Fiji, has been appointed Deputy Director of Veter inary Services in Uganda.

NG Travellers

Travellers on the September-October Bulolo from Sydney included (top) Mr. and Mrs. E. Kriewaldt, of Port Moresby; and (bottom) Mrs. B. Flossman and her yonng son who were joining Mr. Flossman In Port Moresby.

Photo by Papuan Prints.

Asiatics In The New

Letter to the Editor THE South Pacific Commission is spending a great deal of public money for the uplifting of natives, and their protection, but it seems to have very little interest in what is happening to natives in the New Hebrides, under the pre sent muddled administration. The public should be told about con ditions here in Santo.

The Tonkinese (ex-indentured labourers) who are now free agents, carry on an immense trade in sly grog selling, and nothing whatever is being done by the Authorities to check this. One Sunday morning I saw one Tonk going out in his jeep (many of them are running jeeps as taxis) along the main road, to some near plantation, with one case of trade rum, and one “damejeanne” of red wine.

It is a known fact that this trade is going on in a big way, and these people are making much money at the natives’ expense and health — without mentioning the disturbance of the peace. If you took a walk along the main road any Saturday or Sunday you would be amazed at the number of drunken natives.

Will you tell me what is the use of this South Pacific Commission?

Grog should be the first evil they should combat.

Another grave danger is the in troduction of Chinese. They are building new shops as fast as they can. They import mostly Chinese goods and only favour Australia, foi’ supplies, in a small way. The NH commerce will soon be, like Tahiti, entirely in the hands of the Chinese.

For all one knows they may be Communists.

The Europeans pioneered these Islands, paving the way for the Chinese. It is time something was done.

When will the British Govern ment decide to place responsible people in the position of District Agents, like the French do? Most of our officials are too young and inexperienced.

I am, etc.,

Old Resident.

Santo, NH.

Extreme fire hazard existed early October in the north-western parts; of Viti Levu Island, due to the: lengthy dry spell. On the Island of: Dreketi an entire village was burnt; to the ground when the villagers i were out on the reef fishing or inj the hills at their gardens.

The Lautoka (Fiji) Land Valua tions Appeal Court has granted the; Colonial Sugar Refining Co. a con siderable reduction in Land taxation/ respecting land owned by the com pany in the area. The reduction ini rating represents a loss to the Town/ Board, in taxation, of £1,929 for -1953.

There has been active building in Rabaul, New Guinea, in recent months.

ABOVE-New store taking shape, in August, for Messrs. Colyer Watson and Co., Ltd. BELOW-Another new store, almost complete, for the Carpenter interests.

Farewell To A

AS a newcomer to the South Seas, and reading the PIM of Sep tember, 1953, I was interested to see the article on “Farewell to Mother Mac’s”; and so I submit my own version of the actual farewell.

On August 7 last, I was very new to Suva, and a friend kindly offered to show me the hotels. So we did what is commonly known as a “Pub crawl,” i.e., one beer in each place.

From the rather awe-inspiring (to me, anyway) magnificence of the brass, thick carpets and tur baned Indians of the GPH, my com panion suggested we have a look in at Mac’s Hotel.

We walked through the doors, and down the rather long passage, and I was delighted to find a small, friendly little bar, rather like the ones in NZ. There it was, the real Bohemian atmosphere. The scarred, terrazo bar-top, the battered stools, all made me feel at home. Bert Cooper, with his kindly smile, was my idea of a genial Mine Host; and I felt sad that I had found this little den only the day before it was to be demolished.

The last day I went along to join in the farewell. There was Bert, mournfully doling out beers, and the regulars sadly standing around him. Everyone was really sorry that Bert was going, and he was

presented with a scroll, signed by everybody. “Duffy,” of “Duffy’s Tavern,” I believe they used to call him, affectionately.

As I walk past, now, they are busily demolishing all the buildings, and only a few boards are stand ing as a sad reminder of a very friendly hotel and excellent host. —

L.Tompkins.

ff The engagement is announced of Margaret Florence, the younger daughter of Mr. and Mrs. W. C.

Rowe, of Kokopo, New Britain and North Balwyn, Victoria, and Chester \re' younger son of Mrs. Austin- Pratt, of North Balwyn and the late Mr. Harold Austin. The wed ding is to take place in January.

Labour Problem for an old Family

S WAINS ISLAND, northern outlier of American Samoa, has been experiencing some unrest of late.

The 800-acres island, which has belonged to the Jennings family since 1856, has a population of about 150. They were originally brought from Fakaofu, in the nearby British Tokelau s. Swains is geographically one of the Tokelaus, but was declared American Terri tory in 1925.

The population is employed by the Jennings family, making copra on a daily task basis. Some of these people are now claiming squatter's’ rights to the land on which they live. They are reluctant to work for Jennings, and he consequently wishes to return them to the Tokelaus and replace them with other people there, who are said to be keen to work on Swains. Some claim that the daily task is ex cessive.

An American Samoan Govern ment party recently journeyed to Swains to discuss the problem. They carried out a test of the daily task and found that the 200 nuts which have to be cut per man per day, could in fact be cut in from 48 to 90 minutes by the men employed on the test.

At present the island is produc ing only 200 tons of copra per annum. Jennings considers that at least 350 tons could be produced by willing labour. Nuts lie sprout ing under the trees.

The problem of squatters’ rights seems more complicated. Legally, it seems that Jennings must re move the people from his land for one day per year, in order to re tain his clear title. But where can he rempve them to? Swains is 100 miles from Fakaofu and 200 miles from the nearest American territory, Tutuila.

Could they be taken for a 24hours’ cruise on the high seas, to meet legal requirements? Even if they could, the chartering of a vessel would cost a great deal. Pre sumably, all their goods and chattels must also be removed from the island for that 24-hours’ period.

Meanwhile, the legal men have returned to Pago Pago to ponder

on a knotty problem.

Netherlands industrial and com mercial interests have established a “New Guinea Institute,” which

aims at furthering knowledge about

Netherlands New Guinea, and also at improving the economic ties be tween Holland and Western New Guinea.

Samoa

rpHE Western Samoa Legislative J. Assembly resumed its ad journed session on September 21, following the return of Hon.

Tamasese.

Heading the agenda of this ses sion was the District and Village Government Bill, which proposes to introduce a district and village government organisation, under the control of a District and Village Government Board.

The new Development Plan was to be debated and it was antici pated that some members would bitterly oppose many of the pro

posed measures involved, on the grounds that the economy of the country is incapable of bearing the heavy costs involved—especially if the prices of copra and cocoa fall, as many members consider likely.

Hon. A. M. Gurau gave notice to move that the control of prices of imported commodities be removed, in line with steps taken in New Zealand and the United Kingdom.

The report of the Commission of Inquiry into the liquor situation will be debated.

A further 16 rhinoceros beetles were found in the area round Suva, Fiji, early in October.

Burden

ALTHOUGH a strong plea for the removal of the iniquitous duty on rubber was made in the Papua-New Guinea Legislative Council in July, by Mr. Fairfax Ross, nothing appears to have been done by the Canberra czars; and now, on the falling world market, the

Papuan growers’ return from rubber is just about eaten up by the cost of production (not less than 1/9 per pound).

Mr. Fairfax Ross said that Sena tor Kendall and a deputation of growers interviewed the Territories Minister not long ago, and pointed out that the rubber duty was first imposed by the Australian Govern ment in 1932, to provide a fund to

help the Papuan growers to survive the depression.

As Sir Hubert Murray pointed out 20 years ago, it saved the in dustry; but Can berra never re moved the duty, although the pro ceeds are not now returned to growers.

It was once Id per lb. Now it is 2d per lb and, im posed on the Papuan product, seeking a pro tected market in

Australia, it now is a crippling burden. 6 Mr. Fairfax Ross begged the Ad ministration to do all that it could to remove the anomaly.

If Mr. O. G. Chapman has been appointed Commissioner of Works In the British Solomons. Mr.

Chapman was seconded to the Western Pacific High Commission from Fiji last year.

The New Apia Methodist Church nearing completion.

The official opening was to take place October 1-3. The church, of modern design, faces the Apia waterfront road.

Mr. and Mrs. Peter Fabricius, from their comfortable home eight miles from and 2,300 feet above Apia, have a climate and a view that few others in Samoa enjoy. Near their house, is the 2AP broadcast station transmitter, at Afiamala. Now that the road up is being rapidly improved, a mountain resort in this area (like the one built in German times, but long since torn down) might prove a popular and profitable venture.

Vessel Will Call At Suva

fTIHE Shaw Savill & Albion Com- X pany of London announced in October that regular calls will be made at Suva on the UK - NZ via Panama route by their new and luxurious all-passenger liner which is now being built.

The vessel will be revolutionary

in that she will be the first vessel on the route to carry passengers only. By not carrying cargo it is hoped that the vessel will be able to operate to a strict schedule.

It will be fully air-conditioned, and carry 1,300 passengers in one class only.

The United Kingdom Govern ment gift to the sugar industries of the various Colonies was expected

to yield about £90,000 in the case of Fiji. At a meeting between the growers and the Colonial Sugar Re fining Co. it was agreed that, as with a similar earlier gift, the amount would be divided in the proportions of 59.3% to the growers and 40.7% to the millers. (The “gift” consists of money received for sugar by the UKMOF in excess of the amount paid to the pro ducers) .

A new Printing Office, for the Papua- New Guinea Administration, modern in every respect, was opened recently in Konedobu, Port Moresby, by the Terri tories Minister, Mr. Hasluck. Photos (by

Papuan Prints) show the new building; the old Government Printery, in Douglas Street, which served for about 50 years, and has been demolished; and the Minister (left) chatting with the Govern ment Printer, Mr. W. Nicholls.

Currency

F Dm , t KOM July 31, 1954, only Fiji currency will be legal tender TTni, Colon y- At present, united Kingdom coinage and Aus

trallan sixpences and copper coins are al§o acc epted as legal tender.

Between now and July of next year any such coins paid into the Banks will not be paid out again. After that, no coins other than those of Fiji will be accepted at all

Sample Outside World

RECENTLY twenty natives of Mendi, NG Southern Highlands, decided to see the world outside their valley, and accepted a govern ment invitation to visit Goroka, in the Eastern Highlands. They were careful to explain that they were the first Mendi people who had ever desired to leave the valley. At Goroka they were employed by the Administration, as the first step in familiarising them with “civilised” surroundings.

These experiments have been tried before with other primitive P-NG natives, and some idea of the reaction of these people can be gained from the experience of some from the Adelbert Ranges.

Like the Mendi natives, they were on their first introductory visit to the “outside world,” and on reach ing the coast boarded a very small craft en route to Madang.

They were not at all sure about that boat, but they almost collapsed with amazement when a 300-tonner hove into view. They were just getting their breath back after that jolt, and feeling brave enough to take a second look, when the 6.000ton Bulolo came around the bend!

BISHOP AUBIN of the Marist Mission in the Solomons, who has laboured there through the past 45 years of changing times, of prosperity and depression, Japanese invasion and post-war period.

Jean Marie Aubin was born in Brittany, France, in December, 1883, was ordained in 1906, took his vows in 1907, and went straight to the Solomons. He became Vicar Apostolic of the South Solomons in 1935, and titular Bishop of Antipelles. He was a man of 60 when the Japanese in vaded Guadalcanal, but he remained at his post until rescued by the Americans.

During the war years and the difficult post-war years the Bishop’s health had been failing, but a long spell in Australia has restored his health and youthful spirit. Monseigneur Aubin is distinguished by a gentleness and charm which endear him to all who meet him. Beneath that charm lies a strength of character sufficient for a saint who is also shepherd of a large mission enterprise.—BßETT

Hilder.

These Tongan boys, off to a new life in New Zealand, travelled south by September Tofua. Left to right: Halafihi Sio’ata, Supi Lio, Sione Fili, Taniela Mali Mataliki Pelisikoti.

New Timber Area in NG

r!E trans-Busu timber permit area —just east of Lae on the New Guinea mainland —has been let again, this time to a firm of Victorian sawmillers, Messrs.

Murdock and Murphy, of Heales ville.

It was let a couple of years ago to a Queensland firm; but, as the end of last year, the latter asked to be relieved of it on the grounds of recession in the Australian timber industry and prior commit ments in Quensland.

The trans-Busu area is the largest timber permit area so far offered by the Administration, and consists of 21,000 acres of Taun, NG walnut, Pacific maple, Erima, Anisoptera and Terminalia.

The successful tenderers will have to erect a mill within 12 months and supply a million superfeet of sawn timber annually for Territory use. They will also have to do some considerable road and bridge build ing—including one large bridge across the Busu River —in order to get the timber into Lae for ship ment. The rivers in the area have scared most timber men off the project.

for Thee!

Twenty-two natives of Papua and New Guinea were recently awarded the first of the new Loyal Service Medals (Civil) which have been instituted by Minister for Territories Paul Hasluck.

All but one of the natives have been upwards of 25 years with the Administration, in either Territory.

Odd man out was a Paramount

Luluai, of Kainantu in the High lands, who recently was responsible for some important road work.

One cynic has remarked that this is obviously part of the pronounced Hasluck policy of lifting the status of the P-NG native in half a decade —the presumed term of office of Mr. Hasluck.

Others could no doubt retort that anyone who spends 25 years in a Government job deserves a medal, anyhow.

Samoans

Idealist’s Programme

From Our Own Correspondent

Apia, Oct. 20.

WITH Samoan song, dance and feasting, Samoa College was officially opened on October 9 by Dr. C. E. Beeby, Director of Education in New Zealand.

The school, when completed, will have cost £130,000, all provided by profits from Samoa Reparation Estates.

The modern tropical building is equipped with every aid to teaching, and is attractively placed in spaci ous grounds in the suburbs of Apia, less than a mile inland from the waterfront.

“I know of no other country where so much educational pro gress has been made in eight years as in Samoa,” said Dr. Beeby, addressing the Assembly. “Eight years ago the highest standard of work here was equal to the NZ Standard I or 11. Now . . . with the exception of English . . . the standard is our 111 or IV.” School buildings being built in the Territory would be a credit to any country.

Disagreeing completely with those who thought the Samoan standard of education was now adequate, Dr.

Beeby stressed that higher educa tion is absolutely essential if Samoa Is going to attain complete self government. There was clearly no money to give every Samoan a higher education; but most chil dren should be educated to Standard IV. Then the brightest pupils should be selected carefully for higher education.

Dr. Beeby recommended: (1) Establishment of compulsory educa tion in stages, and encouragement of boys to remain longer at school; (2) Raising the standard of educa tion of teachers entering the train ing college by catching them earlier and by providing better facilities for their earlier training; (3) Using the facilities of Samoa College (“the hope of Samoa”) to best advantage by carefully select ing the pupils entering; (4) Estab lishment of scholarships for higher education in NZ; (5) Employment of European teachers “as soon as possible” in the district schools, to facilitate better the teaching of English —an essential language if the people are to take their place In the world as a self-governing country; (6) Increased drive to wards the teaching of modern methods of agriculture; (7) Reduc tion in the size of the schools in the Malifa Compound to handle not more than 500 or 600 pupils— anything larger was unwieldy; (8) Primary education in the Samoan language, then the use of English a £ h i g^er J evels .: (9) A programme pf adult education by every means,

including radio broadcasting.

Magazine Section

No Whip For Mother Mac

FANNING ISLAND has been much in the news lately. It was in 1903 that I was working on the Suva end of the cable from Fanning, and I have always remembered a Service memo from the Superin tendent. Fanning Island Cable Station to the Superintendent, Suva, asking him to send a box of worms by the cable ship Iris, shortly to leave Suva for Fanning.

It seems they were battling to get a kitchen garden started and, probably quite rightly, thought a few worms might help things along.

Some of the staff loved Fanning Island. For my part I got out of the service for fear of being sent there. Fancy doing two years on a mid-Pacific atoll where there were no worms (or girls) !

It was years later, when I was sitting on the upstairs verandah at Mother Mac’s hotel, in Suva, at early morning tea-time, when a lady from a few rooms up suddenly called: “Look! Look! Here comes a horse!” —and a six-years-old boy rushed out from their room to get what was obviously his first sight of a real, live horse.

He was a young Wardrop, born at Fanning Island, and the family had arrived the night before after a spell of about seven years there.

Speaking of Mother Mac’s: the recent very interesting reminiscences in the PIM were, I think, a bit astray over the horse-whip. Mrs.

Mac never needed one—the lash of her tongue was quite enough to clear any rowdy bar parlour I ever saw. When the old grey dressing gown appeared at the top of the stairs, everyone knew it was time to go.

She was one of the very best, at heart. Well I remember having a quiet after-dinner “wad” with her one evening.

“When I first started this busi ness,” she remarked, “I said to my self, ‘Old Girl, you’ve got to be a devil’”; and, with a cackle of laughter, she continued: “and, my god, I’ve BEEN a devil.”

As for the horsewhip, I think someone will back me up when I say it was Ma Reading, at the Mel bourne Hotel, farther up the Parade, who was supposed to crack that, and right skilfully, too. Another good old sort was Mrs. Reading, who never did anybody any harm.

Wagga.

Living High In Noumea

THE cost of living (and that in cludes beer!) shocked the Aus tralians who went to New Cale donia for the Centenary celebra tions in September.

Sydney newspapermen who were there to cover the Sydney-Noumea yacht race said that the island offered the tourist a wonderful time —if he could afford it.

With the Australian £ worth 140 francs, a roll of film which cost 3/3 in Australia cost 6/9 in Noumea: a two-mile taxi ride was 16/-, beer 2/3 per glass, butter 7/- a pound, tea 11/- a pound, cauliflowers 12/6 each, and eggs 9d each.

They said carpenters and other tradesmen got £32 per week—-and needed every penny of it.

No More Nenes

IT is reported from Hawaii that the nene, one of the rarest birds in the world, is rapidly dying out despite all efforts to preserve the species.

The nene is a large goose, native to two islands in the Hawaiian chain, Maui and Hawaii. Their numbers were estimated at 25,000 at the beginning of last century; but there are not more than 70 of the birds, over half of them in captivity, living to-day. Their life span is known to exceed 40 years.

The Hawaiian Board of Agricul ture and Forestry spent $6,000 last year in an effort to increase their numbers by artificial insemination and other means. The birds usually keep to the one mate, and the younger ones rarely produce fertile eggs.

Bring On Your Pigs And

Your Buns!

IN Rarotonga the Titikaveka village elders revealed what that popular Cook Islands excursion known as the tere party costs the hosts.

When guests from Aitutaki de scended upon them in three recent visits the following items were de livered to the village chefs on each occasion; Pigs, 112; fowls, 112; meat, 244 16-oz tins; taro and kumaras, 448 lbs; banana puddings, 224; cakes, 65 dozen; bread, 336 loaves; scones and buns, 2,400 pieces.

This explains why the live-stock are reported to get fidgety when ever a local small-craft is seen approaching an island.

Association Of Ideas

BETWEEN service in Malaya and his return to Fiji in November, Lieut.-Colonel Ratu Edward Cakobau, MC, enjoyed an Australian holiday—taking in the Melbourne Cup and seeing some of the sights of Sydney Town. He is still the best looking man south of the Line and this 6-ft Fijian in green beret, khaki sulu and shirt, got, in return, his fair share of attention in the Southern cities.

The Colonel tells with much relish of the struggles of the reception clerks at his Sydney hotel with a name that is spelled Cakobau and, incomprehensibly, is pronounced Thakombau. And of the evident confusion of the lady who got into

Portrait

of an

Artist

Captain Brett Hilder of MV Malaita at work on a rough sketch which no doubt by now has formed the basis of one of his famous water colours of Pacific Islands natives. The sub ject in this case was the native helmsman of the Administra tion workboat at Sohano, Buka Passage, TNG.

The interested on looker in the back ground is Mr. Jimmy Joyes of Iwi Planta tion, Bougainville.

the lift with him at the same hotel one morning. In stony silence they descended from the fourth to the second flour while the lady seemed incapable of getting her gaze higher than his bare legs.

Then, evidently feeling that Summer must have come to that neck of the woods, unnoticed, she burst out, somewhat uncertainly; “Lovely weather we are having— isn’t it?” * * * LIEUT-COL. Cakobau’s appoint ment to command the Fiji Bat talion in Malaya was announced last April—the post had previously been held by a New Zealander. He was the only non-European officer commanding troops in Malaya. It is understood that he will now remain in Fiji and return to Government service as an administrative officer, as he did after his return to the Colony from service in the Solomons during World War 11.

He says that his Fijians have been happy in their Malayan service and that the Fijians were a delight to the British Army authorities— especially those concerned with the provisioning arrangements.

Evidently these gentlemen, who were already coping with rations for British Other Ranks (BORs) and Gurkha Other Ranks (GORs) and African Other Ranks (AORs) were horrified with the prospect of pro viding a fourth variety of food for the FORs. When informed that the Fijians had no prejudices and would eat ANYTHING, so long as there was a lot of it, there was much re joicing.

In the early days it was decided, as an experiment, that no liquor restrictions would be placed upon the Fijians. It was realised that many people in Fiji would object to this but it was believed that sly groggers would supply some of the Fijians, anyway, and that it was better if the whole thing were con ducted out in the open.

The men were warned that whether or not the experiment was continued after the first six months JY as , HP to If the y Proved that they could drink and behave— If not, then liquor was off After the six months’ trial period, hquor was off. Even men who hitherto had had a clean record blotted their copy-books. A drink a fighting Fijian—and rp fight ß g was not confined to the Terrorists.

He Could Not Care Less

Australian newspapers got a trifle mixed over the titles of

Edward Cakobau, holidaying in

Sydney, on his way home from Malaya. First, he is Ratu, being a hereditary noble of Royal blood. He is also Lieut.-Colonel, having been in charge of the Fiji battalion in Malaya. He is also Honourable be cause he is a member of the Legis- C f^ Un S 1 ’ a £ d has just been balled to the Executive Council Also, he holds the Military Cross' won on active service in the Solo

mons. “Lieut.-Colonel Ratu the Honourable Edward Cakobau, MC, MLC,” would about cover it. But the smiling, soldierly young Fijian

—“Edward” to his many friends— gave the impression that he was completely indifferent to his vari ous titles.

Tahiti s Nature Man

By Bill Craig

SOMETHING has appeared in PIM recently about the Tahiti “Nature Man”, Ernest Darling, and I have noticed that little or nothing has been said about his last few months, spent in Suva in 1918.

Mailboat day in Suva was usually a most interesting event for the local inhabitants; and, when there were no counter-attractions, many of the lads of the village (par ticularly those young colonials from the Pacific Cable station who worked night shifts) wandered down to the wharf to see the passengers dis embarking. As Suva at this time was rather dull and drab, mailboat day became one of the highlights of the month; and the American passengers always provided an in finite variety of clothes, dress, accents and verbosity.

One day we were startled to see a very odd figure coming down the gangway, and there was a buzz of excited comment from the little group in which I was standing. I distinctly remember one lad in the group giving expression to his thoughts by a spontaneous ejacula tion, “Jesus Christ, Himself”! In deed, the figure might well have been a Biblical character; for here was our “Nature Man,” Ernest Darling.

With long straggling hair and beard, Darling’s slim, athletic figure was adorned with only three articles of clothing; a one-piece “romper” suit made of a dark grey material, a pair of large, comfortable sandals, and—looking most incongruous—a dark-green celluloid eyeshade.

The romper suit had short sleeves, and the short trousers appeared to have a bloomer effect, being fastened above the knees. I forget whether it buttoned up the back, but there did not appear to be a buttoned flap normally seen in a romper suit. On his back he carried a bundle—apparently clothes —at the end of a short pole. Dur ing his stay in Suva, I never saw him wear anything different.

He had little difficulty in passing through the Customs and, eventu ally, he proceeded through the township, followed by a small but eager troop of curious Fijian boys.

Darling secured lodging in the Nagangi district—between the pre sent Government Buildings and the Melbourne Hotel. Nagangi was also the centre of the Samoan settle nient, where the well-known identity Seho the washerman” lived; and here he occupied a small hut at the rear of Robinson & Ballantyne s stables (later a garage).

For the first few days, Darling’s comings and goings were always fol lowed with great interest by both Europeans and Fijians. The small Fijian boys were delighted to follow their newly-found hero as he wandered down to the markets every morning. After a week or two, he was accepted as a matter of course; and his one-piece romper and eyeshade became a familiar sight to us as he passed the Cable station, laden with bananas, coco nuts, taro or fish. . To those interested in him, Darl ing was always ready to discuss world affairs; and his arguments on the philosophy of life were really convincing, and one felt that here was a man who was at peace with the world.

Occasionally, he distributed a few pamphlets—not indiscrimin ately, but only to those who had befriended him. These pamphlets were printed in phonetic English and I remember one that was headed “THE MARRIJ RE LASHUN,” and referred to the necessity for keeping fit and well before entering the state of matri mony.

On one occasion, during a con versation I had with him, Darling suddenly turned to the grassy lawn on the side of the road and quickly turned a couple of handspring somersaults. “If you can do that when you are my age of fifty-two, you are very fit,” he said.

On returning to the Cable Quarters that evening, I tried several times to do one somer sault; but failed miserably, although I was only nineteen at the time.

There is no doubt that Darling enjoyed his sojourn in Suva, and he was always thrilled when we called on him to discuss his “system.” However, Nagangi was, to a certain extent, “out of bounds,” and he was more or less looked upon as a man who had “gone native.”

During the great influenza epidemic of 1918, poor old Darling was stricken with the complaint.

He was attended by a well-known Suva doctor, who prescribed a light diet and hospital treatment. But Darling refused to go on a diet, and insisted on his usual fare of coco nuts, bananas and fish. Unfor tunately, this proved too much for his weakened system, and he passed away. At this time, I also was laid up with the flu, and weeks later, when I missed his familiar eye-shaded figure jog-trot ting past the office I was told of his death.

Santo, The Town

By

Judy Tudor

This mighty bomber strip, and those outlying fighter strips that lie . hidden behind the mossgreen hills, were built by Americans, with American money. It is American fighters that stand in the revet ments; American shoulders and American cement that built those permanent wharves inside the reef...

But who owns the island on which so much money is being invested on permanent improvements? It is not legally America’s. , .

On some islands where there are coconut plantations owned by big British and French companies the US has bought coconut palms— every one being counted by a Com pany representative on the spot— at prices ranging from 50 cents to several dollars each —in order to have the right to cut them down to build defence runways.

In the Pacific . . . after selecting a coral spot necessary to defend Australia, Alaska and America, and recover the Indies, Malaya, Burma and China, we begin making this hitherto valueless spot well pro tected and secure and as valuable as possible—all without any pur chase, agreement or understanding.

SO wrote US war correspondent George Weller for the Chicago Daily News in July, 1943. A good news story then, for home consump tion, it makes strange reading in Santo, New Hebrides, just 10 years later—and Santo was no doubt one of the places Weller had in mind when he wrote the article (called U.S. As Sucker No. 1 in Pacific Isles ).

It has been kept and was given to me by Mr. Tom Harris, of Santo, who has lived in that part of the woods for the past 35 years. He was there when the first Americans came, looking for a Hebrides base from which to kick back at the Japs in the Solomons; he rounded up some horses and helped them explore the area; took them to the place which ultimately be came their first air-strip, and obtained the labour which helped to make it.

He remained on at Santo while it grew into one of the largest bases in the South Pacific, with about 350,000 troops at the peak of its usefulness, over 400 miles of wide coral roads, half-dozen bomber and fighter strips, a similar number of wharves and thousands of the Quonsets which seem as though they might be the most permanent legacy of the US invasion of the Pacific.

He remained still when, in the later stages of the war, they shipped out to bases further north; and he is there to-day—running what is probably the largest cinema in the South Pacific—certainly one of the most unique.

But Santo, in 1953, is largely (but not altogether) a variation of an old theme —from jungle to jungle in half a generation. Probably not more than 60 miles of the roads are still in use. No one uses the airfields—Santo’s weekly airservice to and from Australia is by flying boat; the thousands of Quonsets have been reduced (at a wild guess) to a hundred still in use.

What Mr. Weller was pleased to call “permanent improvements” in the way of wharves, have been re duced to a silly joke. What are still called grandiloquently Pier 3 and Pier 5 are in existence; but they have both reached the stage now when a good hard jolt from a row boat would likely send them toppling into Segond Channel.

Master mariners approach them cautiously, and the ideal is to tie up with two or three feet to spare.

Pier 3 has suffered most from mariners who have not achieved the ideal. Swathes have been cut off each end by visiting copra ships, and a huge scollop has been put into it somewhere near the middle by the old Morinda. In the centre of the decking there is a gap, maybe 30 feet square, now ringed around by red-painted oil drums, where a lorry went through. Minor holes occur at intervals; but, by using hatch-covers and pieces of airfield matting, it is possible to get lorries onto about one-third of it.

Pier 5 is peppered with holes of varying shapes and sizes, and what decking remains carries a healthy crop of local grass. They keep the lorries off this one. Native steve dores pick their way daintily be tween and around the holes.

BUT Santo —or maybe more cor rectly, the Segond Channel area —has not reverted to its 1941

Some of the Tonkinese jeep taxis O f the New Hebrides.

At top: Pier s—the half-dozen native stevedores (there seemed never to be more than half a dozen at any one time) had to carry the cargo off the wharf because it was unsafe for lorries. The fuzz in the right foreground is a crop of local grass. Lower: Pier 3—a lorry went through this hole, but the rest of it was considered safe for vehicles (in March).

state, either. Then it consisted only of plantations between the Segond Channel and the low coral terraces that Nature has upthrust between the sea and the high, volcanic mountains of the interior. The whole was interspersed by rivers which limited all land transport.

There were no roads; there were a few bullock-carts and riding-horses on the plantations; but if you wanted to visit a neighbour you went by sea. Goods were brought in and copra loaded off each planta tion. There were no stores; cer tainly no plane services; it was a remote island outpost in which the handful of European residents were left very much to their own devices.

To-day, by comparison, it is a thriving metropolis; and if by some magic you could get the whole caboodle and shove all the houses and bits and pieces together, you would probably achieve a town of perhaps the size and proportions of Madang (NG) or even Levuka (Fiji).

But nothing so sissy as 'a town plan for the independent New Hebrides! As a result, Santo town straggles along about five miles of the waterfront road that the Yanks built; the post-office and radio station marking one end of it, Pier 3 approximately the other. About U miles separate the two main European stores. The cinema and Club occur somewhere down towards Pier 3’s end of the town.

The headquarters of the British District Agent, carrying on the British New Hebrides tradition of seclusion, is about 14 miles out of the town. Only the desperate or the well-heeled would attempt to visit it because if Santo does noth ing else, in its present state it pro vides the bushranging Tonkinese taxi-drivers with the best oppor tunity they ever will have of getting rich quickly.

The taxis are mostly resurrected war-time jeeps; their drivers wispv Tonkinese, most of them in cheap ■f. U uu? eln l ets; and all talking a babble of a language out of which here and there, like currants in a b^.ypu can pick out such things at bateau,” or “ten-shillings.”

Architecturally, of course, the übiquitous Quonset dominates the landscape—even where small Tonk inese stores are going up in timber °£ ce p ie . n t, the roof has the characteristic Quonset curve, as it is built of salvaged iron. There are in Santo, as elsewhere, some in genious attempts at adapting the Quonset but the majority still flourish in their faded wartime coats of camouflage.

SOCIALLY, Santo, perhaps, re gards itself as a sort of Mel anesian Tahiti. There is no emphasis on the “European com munity, as in some other terri tones; there are just people, everv shade from coal-black to pure white.

The sex-lives and idiosyncracies of the various inhabitants are freely discussed, without inhibitions, and liquor is obtainable by all and sundry (except, officially, the native) at wayside bars and cafes (with little unpleasant drunkenness).

There is the very good Civil Club —and that greatest of all social levellers, the Tom Harris cinema, the largest Quonset of them all, into which on Saturday nights—the men wearing hang-out shirts of gaudy design—crowd something like 500 people (cheap seats in front, more expensive to the rear, and a bar at the side) to see in the hot darkness, Arab sheiks gallop madly over the desert and American cowboys do almost the same thing. (The goodies can be distinguished from the baddies by the various hoots and cheers of the audience).

The show begins at 8.30 and con sists of a long portion of “serial,” and a feature film. Somewhere in the centre there is an interval when patrons retire to the bar; interval can last up to three-quarters of an hour, depending upon the time it takes the last patron to buy his last drink.

Out in front of the theatre, Tonk inese stalls sell a bizarre assort ment of theatre fare including hard boiled eggs and watermelon; and

literally hundredweights of pea

nuts. The melons and eggs seem to be consumed outside, but the pea nuts are brought in so that above the six-shooting of Randolph Scott or the trials and tribulations of the Arab sheik, is the continuous sound of peanut shells being crunched. At the end of the show the floor is carpeted inches deep with discarded shells.

IT is customary, at this stage, to ask ponderously “What of its Future”: or to conjure up visions of the Tonkinese taxi-bandits or sellers of watermelons and hard-boiled eggs as an Asiatic Menace. If you give this angle even superficial at tention you will probably come to the conclusion that Santo has no reason for being at all —or no reason for being other than it was in 1941.

Th c apparent pie-crust prosperity of Santo (like a dozen other South Pacific towns) is, of course, a direct reflection of the high price of copra. 11 the copra boom ever bursts, one of the first results in Santo, no doubt, will be that many of the Tonkinese will give up being in aependent taxi proprietors and seek a wage job—if they can get one.

Under these conditions they may become a menace, Red or otherwise out to have any informed opinion aoout that, one would need more experience of the wily Tonk than tnat which comes from being buffeted about in their madly scut tling jeep taxis.

Presumably if one lives in Santo r nes , intelligence is frequently teased by these conundrums; but a r P, ere visitor, it does not seem to matter very much, anyhow; even

Mr. Weller’s sad 10-years-gone pre sentation of the US as the Pacific’s number-one sucker seems now to make poor sense.

There it lies, under a sulky skv, a sparse straggle of unpainted buildings and crumbling wharves; half-buried by encroaching jungle and uncut weeds. Here and there evidences of neatness, industry, forward planning; but for the most part, this town the Yanks left is just about halfway to you-guess what. On the way out? Hard to believe that it is on its way in.— Santo, March, 1953.

WE now awake, to find the sleeping years Have spread a darkling shadow o’er the skies Of this fair land of ours. Time serving men, With muddled thinking and unconscious lies, Have placed in jeopardy the sacred trust To guard and keep intact our Island home.

What then this horde, of Asiatic breed, That sweeps across our land like seething foam!

If we survive, then this it cannot bo That one among these Servants hath a plan To right the wrong, untangle all the skeins: These times can not produce that man.

This problem grave, it cannot be resolved By talking men in council; they are just Successors to the countless other men Now gone to whence they came— into the dust.

Great warriors we, and athletes of renown: The pity is that this great energy Is not directed to the jobs at home Instead of serving others out across the sea.

A country won, it is not always so That only by the use of arms to win Mere courage can defeat the open foe.

A different thing, the enemy within.

Our land we claim, and this land must be used For our own good. And this is what we need: The indolence of years to cast away; The fertile earth must know the

quick’ning seed.

No medals here, no paths to glory lead; But untilled acres, knowing nought of plough Can point the way to duty. We must see A different kind of war is on us now. 99

Reiher—I

By' William Schutz

(Most people of the Central Pacific have heard of the Reiher Brothers—the three clever sons of a German father and a Marshallese mother. The family was among many people of similarly mixed blood who were driven out of the Micronesian archipelagoes by the Japanese into the adjoining British islands after World War I.

The Reihers, although at first handicapped by lack of English, be came British citizens and outstand ing technicians.

In this and a second article (next issue) Mr. William Schutz —himself a Gilbert Islands resident of similar origin, and now head of the group’s biggest co-operative society—tells the story of William Reiher. All three Reiher Brothers are now dead.) ON August 1, 1953, William Henry Reiher died in his home on Abemama, leaving his wife, 3 sons, 6 daughters, 4 grand-children, 1 son and 1 daughter-in-law to mourn his passing.

Continuous bad health robbed the Gilbert and Ellice Colony of the full service of an accomplished trades man and skipper—in fact, a man of all trades. This is the life story of a man who was educated in a Ger man Mission School; trained by a conscientious Mission Brother (who was a master of all trades himself) ; who later, through self-study, mastered the English language suf ficiently to acquire in English and

in German, the arts of navi gation, engineering, archi tecture and ship-building.

William held no ticket or certificates, but anyone know ing his achievements will ad mit that he was a talented and skilful man.

This story of a remarkable man, of mixed European and Islands blood, should give food for thought to those re sponsible for planning the education and upbringing of Islands youth. There are thousands of these young people, as clever and talented as William was; but, through lack of facilities, they cannot make use of their talents be cause educators and planners fail to give them opportunities for education and training.

William Reiher Was

born in Jaluit, Marshall Islands, the second son of Captain Adolph Christopher Reiher, and Mary nee Foliet, on November 28, 1889.

In 1900 the Sacred Heart Mission started a school on Jaluit. William, with his elder brother Fritz, his younger sister Elizabeth, and the youngest brother, Heinrich, were the first pupils of that school.

Fritz, the eldest, robust and strong, was apprenticed to the Jaluit Geaselschaft as carpenter after a year in school. He continued his studies in the evenings under one of the Mission Brothers.

William, Elizabeth and Heinrich finished their eight years’ schooling.

William was put under Brother Servatius, the Mission house builder, and this training made William a most accomplished car-

penter and the man-of-all-trades.

Shipbuilding knowledge was added when the Mission decided to build a vessel of its own—the 60 ft schooner Regina.

The Marshall Islands were then a German Territory.

The Jaluit Gaselschaft employed William as a skilled tradesman. He joined his brother Fritz in doing all odd jobs in wharf, punt and boat building, with ships’ repairs added, under the direction of a man named Muller. The latter directed the outside work of a firm owning a mail-steamer of 1,000 tons, and three auxiliary vessels of 150 tons.

About 1913 he was sent to Truk to erect new buildings for the com pany’s branch there and, on com pletion, he was offered a vacant trading station. He was to run it on his own account, the company granting him credit for a start.

After the outbreak of World War I. and the Japanese occupation of the Marshall Islands, William de cided to return to Jaluit (1916).

Fritz Reiher was now trading on the island of Majuro. No jobs offer ing from the Japanese, William went to Majuro. About the middle of 1918, a fearful typhoon devastated Majuro, killing many people and destroying all coconuts and fruit trees. Some 300 natives were evacuated to Jaluit and later to Ebon Island.

MV Mauno, Burns Philp’s trading ship under command of Captain I. R. Handley, was the first vessel to visit the island after the catas trophe. Seeing the plight the islanders were in, Captain Handley landed all his cargo of rice and flour and returned to Jaluit to re port the matter to the Japanese administrator. (Captain Handley was among those murdered by the Japanese at Tarawa in 1942).

(Continued on page 89)

A scene on the deck of the LMS [?]chooner ‘John Williams.’ where William Reiher was a temporary deck officer.

(Photograph taken by editor of PIM in the Ellice Islands which he visited in September, 1941.)

William Schultz who tells the story.

As there was now nothing doing on Majuro, Fritz, with his family and William, returned to Jaluit.

Fritz went as plantation manager to Kili, a small island, owned by a German named Bock, which the Japanese Government confiscated.

William got a repair job on the Boston Mission ketch Ijuran (Morn ing Star) which lasted a few months. Then a small Japanese firm engaged him to finish a small schooner which it was building, after the Japanese builder, follow ing a dispute, abandoned the job.

When the ship was ready, William took command of it and, with a full cargo of general stores, a crew of four and two Japanese repre sentatives as passengers, he left Jaluit for Ebon, about 60 miles to the SW. When 20 miles off Ebon, calm set in; and their water supply, although strictly rationed, ran out on the fourth day of the calm.

William, expert in Marshall Islanders’ weather lore, knew the calm would last. Luckily, he had his tools aboard, and his ingenuity saved them all. Among the general cargo were several cases of Japanese biscuits, in tins. From two biscuit tins, William manufactured a distilling plant, from which about 24 oz of fresh water was obtained in 12 hours.

They kept the fire going day and night, using all the case wood in the cargo and dumping the contents of cases into the hold. The ration ing of the water, agreed on by the Japanese passengers and the crew, was half a bottle for the master, and half a bottle for the crew and passengers, every 12 hours. With the juice from tinned fruits, of which they had a good supply, they nearly doubled their water supply. (Japanese fruit-juice is not so sweet as American or Australian fruit syrup). The half bottle for the crew and passengers was doled out by the senior Japanese, to himself, his companion and the four Marshallese, in spoonfuls; whereas William could do with his half bottle as he pleased.

For fully 14 days the calm lasted, and part of the cabin linings were

already used up for fuel, when a breeze sprang up from the east, bringing a shower of rain with it.

Food was plentiful, but no one cared to eat, except a bit of biscuit and canned fruits, as the thirst after eating was unbearable. All day long, all hands—with the exception of the two Japanese, who kept to the cabin most of the time —were in the water, hanging to the side of the ship, to escape the burning rays of the sun; or they huddled on deck, heads between their knees, under cover of mats from the sun. just staring at the deck. The four Marshallese youths stood the ordeal well, and they tended to the break ing up of cases to keep the fire going, and refilling the boiler with salt water.

William said he felt himself get ting weaker and weaker. Sleep was a sort of dozing off, with hallucina tions, but each time he started to talk or groan one of the crew would force on him the bottle with water, with fruit juice added, and a sip of this drink marvellously refreshed him and cleared his brain for an hour or so. Then the process would start again. He concluded that a healthy human being can live long on a little biscuit, with fruit juice once a day, and a sip of water every 11 hours or so during the heat of the day.

Then the rain came, and this is how William Reiher described it: If it were not so pathetic, the scene that followed would have

been funny. A few seconds after the rainfall all hands—himself, the Japanese and the Marshallese— went down on their knees to lap up, like dogs, the water running over the deck and in the scuppers.

None of them thought to let the rain clean the deck and scuppers first, before drinking. Though all were weak, they were so refreshed

by the water that they were able to set sails. The wind was steady and the rain kept falling for over two hours. They filled their small tank, all the buckets and pans available, and set course for Ebon.

William had only a sextant, a compass and a chart to navigate the ship with. His knowledge of navigation by instruments was all

self-taught as he had never served on a ship before that trip, although he had sailed a lot with native skippers on their little boats and was able to learn the Marshall Islanders’ art of navigation by “watching the waves.” This know ledge helped him a lot in later years, as master of the Government ships Kia Kia, Margaret and Maureen, and the Mission ship Santa Teretia in bad weather, around the Gilberts, Phoenix and Ellice groups. It is well known that he never once lost his way.

According to his dead reckoning, he was about 30 miles NW of Little Makin when the calm ended; and from that point he set his course for Mille, and thence to Ebon.

Back in Jaluit, he repaired the damage to the cabin of the ship and left to take command of the ex- Catholic Mission ship Regina which, as an apprentice, he had helped to build years before. The Japanese Government took the vessel over after the German missionaries were sent home, and the object of the trip was to take two Japanese Gov ernment officials around the eastern islands of the group (Radak) for inspection. The treatment he got from those arrogant Japs was so bad that, on his return to Jaluit, he left the ship.

As there was nothing doing on Jaluit—the Japanese having their own handymen working for low wages—William left the main settle ment and lived with relations on an islet about 14 miles distant.

Here he did some native house building and fishing.

About September or October, 1920, MV Mauno (I. R. Handley, still master) developed engine trouble.

The engineer, a young Australian, named Goulding, could not repair This young man, playing the rich man’s son on Jaluit, used to light his cigarettes with 5 or 10 Yen notes. Once, in the presence of the Chief Customs Officer in the main coffee shop on Jaluit, (it was called To-sang Coffee Shop, but you could, in a backroom, get sake, beer and imitation whisky labelled “Pure Whisky, made in Scotrando”) Goulding attempted to light his cig arette with a 10-Yen note. Value in those days of a yen was 2/-.

Quickly the Japanese took the note from his fingers, before it got alight and, jumping up, he shouted: ‘Don’t do that. You insult my country.”

Goulding stood up, took the note, tore it in half and, throwing the :wo halves on the table, walked out saying, “Oh, it’s nothing. In Aus :ralia I light my cigarettes with £5 notes,”

The Jap pocketed the two halves md, lifting his cup of sake, said to ns companions (who were not Jap mese) ; “Let us drink and be happy.

He is a silly boy playing the rich nan’s son. To-morrow I will paste ;he note together and return it to :he captain.”

Sure enough, next day he appeared aboard the Mauno. After an hour with the Captain he went ashore again. In £he evening he shouted drinks to the same fellows with the 10-Yen note, which Captain Handley told him to keep. Three days later, young Goulding was put aboard the mailboat as passenger for Aus tralia, via Yokohama.

The arranging of Goulding’s passage is of interest, as it throws some light on how the Japanese mind works in regard to prestige, and the age-old Asiatic fear of “losing face.” It shows how Burns Philp treat employees who failed.

Captain Handley insisted on a second-class passage. The Purser countered that he could not allow a man known as chief engineer of a

Burns Philp ship to travel other wise than first class. Burns Philp, he said, are our agents in Sydney, and they are well known in Yoko hama, and this man arriving there in second class would damage the prestige of Burns Philp. In fact, he continued, Burns Philp would “lose face” in Japan. So Goulding travelled first class NYK, benevolent BP forking out nearly 1,000 Yen for expenses.

Mauno, lying at anchor without an engine off Sydney Town (Burns Philp station) \-mile distance from Jabwor (the main settlement) was like a lame duck. None could be found to repair the engine, until someone remembered William, liv ing on his islet 14 miles away. Old Handley knew Fritz, who had done

odd repair and improvement jobs on his vessel about a year before, but had never met William. But he knew the Reihers as clever craftsmen — as did all in the Marshalls —and he sent his launch for William. Then he told William to repair.the engine.

“Captain, I am not an engineer, t have never been in an engine room before, he protested.

But Handley was adamant. “Damn pou,” he said. “They told me you are a man of all trades. Get on to it.”

“Very well, Captain. But you must >ive me time to strip the whole mgine, so I can see what each part s there for, and study the instruc tion book. I may be able to find the fault.”

The two engine room boys were nstructed to work under William’s »rder, and the stripping began. Half vay through, when he asked one of the boys to crank the fly-wheel, he lojticed that the fly-wheel was cobbling. The thought came to him hat the whole trouble might be in he fly-wheel—all pipes and parts itripped appeared in perfect order Mauno’s engine was an old-style in those days new) Union Engine •f 110 H.P., 3 cylinders, that stood (early 7 feet high, with a fly-wheel if about 5 feet diameter —starting m benzine, then running on power :erosene and water. When he took ut the fly-wheel key, he found that t was worn out, hence the wobbling, ,nd the whole trouble.

A new key was found in the spare larts locker, and refitting was quick pork. In seven days from the day

he took over the engine he had it running.

He was made engineer and mate, with a bosun’s pay. He stayed on the Mauno in that capacity until the Mauno had to go to Sydney for overhaul in 1924, when it was neces sary to have a ticketed man as mate. Old George Carter got the job, and William was engineer. Re turning from Sydney, in May, 1924, he took his vacation in the Marshalls. He joined the Mauno again as mate, and mar ri e d Terautete, nee Johnson, in 1926. (To be concluded in December)

Book Reviews

WHEN Colin Simpson gave up most of his radio work —for which he was well known — and decided to make his living by writing books, there was no lack of local prophets to call the scheme crazy: Australia is a tough place in which to make a living from books. But if Simpson can keep up the standard of his first two Adams then there should not be too much trouble in doing just that.

The New Guinea Adam, like its Arnhem Land predecessor, has all the hallmarks of a best-seller.

Adam in Ochre, which appeared about two years ago (and concerns the Arnhem Land aborigines) has now been followed (October, 1953), by Adam with Arrows. The new book is produced to the same high standard that put Adam in Ochre well ahead of most Australian book productions; and it is illustrated with line drawings, and black-and white and coloured photographs (the latter financed by Sir Edward Hallstrom, to whom the book is dedicated).

This Adam, with arrows, is a Kukukuku. One of those pint-sized bow-and-arrow fighters who wear bark hoods as protection against the elements of the almost per pendicular country they inhabit westward of the Huon Gulf, in New Guinea, and southwards almost to the Gulf of Papua, in the region cf the Vailala River; and whose very name is a dark and fearful legend in both Territories.

THE infamy of the Kukukuku has spread everywhere among the more civilised natives of Papua- New Guinea; by them he is endowed with almost superhuman powers as -a fighter; he “savvies kai-kai man” —in other words, is a cannibal; and he is their original bogey-man In human form. Half a dozen Kukukukus, brandishing bows and arrows on a ridge, are enough to panic the largest line of cargo carriers.

Nor does the Kukukukus’ evil reputation end with the natives.

They have given the administra tions of Papua and New Guinea plenty to think about ever since Europeans first ventured into their country at the beginning of this century; and probably will continue to do so for many years to come The Kukukuku is still largely an unknown quantity; unpredictable, friendly and fierce by turns, much more reluctant to embrace the trap pings of civilisation than other New Guinea natives. (It is perhaps worth recording, however, for the benefit of Mr. Simpson’s readers, that the lads who deliver Wau’s milk supply are reformed Kuku kukus; so also were those who picked coffee berries in the Wilde

plantation at Wau, right after the war, when labour was hard to get. Most still main tained their independent habit and would, could or feigned not to understand Pidgin).

Because, on their native heath, the Kukukukus’ life is entirely orientated towards fighting, they have developed few of the decorative arts and few of the social graces. And, also because of their fighting habits, they have been left severely alone—with one ex ception —by anthropologists who have got most other primitive people between the covers of a book, long since. (The exception was an Eng lishwoman, and Simpson tells something of her life among these people). Adam with Arrows is interesting on this score alone—that is, that it gathers together almost all that is at present known about the Kukukukus, and presents it in one very readable volume.

THE book, however, is quite deliberately written to catch the attention of

the general Australian read ing public. It contains all those small things—the snippets of sex lore, the dramatic presentation of incident and continuity of action—that make for reader appeal, and because of this is likely to appear to the average New Guinea reader as—at times —overdramatised. Not even in Kukukuku country is the life of Administra tion personnel so much a matter of continual stress and strain and murder-hunts and flying arrows, ad infinitum, as the narrative would leave the uninitiated to imagine. And some NG Old-timers will, no doubt, feel that there is too much of this Government official, or of that.

The book was not written for NG Oldtimers, however; it is essenti ally the story of a native people and their contact with European civilisation, through Administration officers. And, though one realises that District Services personnel are not always regarded as prophets in their own country, as presented by Colin Simpson it is most likely that they will be elevated to the position of Number-one Pin-Up Boys among Australian arm-chair adventurers from this time forth. It is largely unpublicised service, anyhow; a little attention won’t come amiss.

To sum up: Excellent entertain ment value. as well as being a con tribution to our knowledge of a nttle-known people. Even dyed-in-

the-wool Territorians will find far more to like in it than to dislike. — JT. (Published by Angus and Robertson, Ltd. Australian price, 25/-.)

Worth a Place on

Your Bookshelf

Australian Round-Up: Colin

Roderick, who has by now become an authority on early Australian literature, goes back as far as 1790 for some of the stories which he has got together to form this handsome collection of Australian prose. Some of the stories, however, were written as late as 1950, Many of them were first published in the Sydney “Bulletin” in those days when it was regarded as the bushman’s Bible and when it prided itself in being a vehicle for budding Australian literary talent. Some of the stories first saw print In the old “Lone Hand” magazine, also a “Bulletin” publication, and defunct these many years.

The volume will thus have considerable appeal to those who feel that short story writing is not what it was; and these things were done much better in the days when the Commonwealth was young.

In his foreword, Mr. Roderick says that in choosing the stories that appear in the book and cover a period of 150 years in Australian life and literature, he has put the accent on narrative—that is, that

An old photograph of the Kukukukus who murdered Baum; the story is told again in Simpson’s book. Note the bark hoods or cloaks.

each must have a story to tell and not be merely a sketch or a vig nette about a “mood a passing cloud, a flower or a mug of beer.”

Most people who have struggled through the s u r realist tripe that masquerades as the short story among Australian literary high - brows, will probably agree with him. The short story is the hardest literary medium of all, and judging by the manner in which borrowers or buyers of books spurn the volume of short-stories, the least popular.

It is a debatable point whether Aus tralia has yet produced any really great short-story writers—but they all seem to have one dominant characteristic (this is noticeable not only in Roderick’s col lection but in others) and that is their stress on the macabre, the bizarre; on violence or poverty or frustration. Even their humor is inclined to the sadistic.

This is a phenomenon that is hard to inderstand in a country which enjoys so nuch vaunted freedom, sunlight, open spaces, call of adventure and what-have rou. But to write about it is apparently •egarded as corn; it is much more artistic 0 write about misery in Woolloomooloo, r soul-destroying frustration in a small own, or drought and dead sheep in the fever-Never or murder in a bush humpy, n such things does Australia find its iterary expression; God knows why. lost Australians are unconcerned with □isery, drought, frustration and murder nd lead normal enough lives; an overseas eader, addicted to Australian literature, rould be excused for thinking otherwise, lowever.

Included in the Roderick collection is a iOUis Becke story of the Caroline Islands ailed “Ninia,” from which comes the [lustration herewith. It is a tale of etribution; a white man lands on a small ■land and with the aid of five muskets ssists the native inhabitants to ssassinate the less fortunate natives f a neighbouring island. Years later he imself is killed by a jealous chief but is wife and half-caste daughters are Pared. The daughters and their friends re blown out to sea in a gale and drift 1 a canoe many days. Only the elder aughter survives and is brought safely “me through prayers to a strange God horn her father thought to mention only i his last dying breath.

Such well known names as Henry awson, Roderick Quinn, Vance Palmer, *n Idriess, Myra Morris are represented nong the 38 authors whose stories make P th « volume. There is a biographical >te about each of them which makes the ork doubly valuable from the point of ew of anyone interested in Australian riting, ancient or modern. Price of the

book is 21/-. (An Angus and Robertson publication!. ★ & ★ 'T'HE wife-husband writing team of

A George H. Johnston And Char

MAIN CLIFT, authors of prize winning “High Valley,” have made China the scene of their second novel, “THE BIG

Chariot.”

The time is the 19 years from 1644 on wards—the first years of the Manchu period and the trailing end of the Ming Dynasty.

During these 19 years, the remnants of the Ming—Emperors and pretenders—fled the whole length of China from Pekin, just under the Great Wall, to Canton in the south; and then the whole breadth of the land, to Yunnan, and finally, info Burma where the last of them were rooted out and done to death at the instigation of the Manchu conquerors.

It is the story of these years of wander ing with which the Big Chariot is con cerned, and particularly as it affects the two central characters, the twin brothers Cheng, one of whom casts his lot with the Manchu, the other who follows the waning fortunes of the Ming to the bitter end.

When the story begins, this oldest of all civilisations was at an interesting period of its history; the fire and drive of the Ming Dynasty had all but spent itself in close to 300 years, and in its place had come the inevitable slide into corruption and weakness. While the court was ruled, behind the scenes, by the eunuchs, the land was ravaged by drought and famine, the peasants were at revolution point, and when the Manchurians came down from the north in pretence of liberating the down-trodden, the result was never in doubt. The Manchurians claimed the Dragon Throne for their pains and the aftermath of “liberation” was little different from what more modern folk found it to mean.

But although it is the story of a period, it primarily is a story of people; Chinese people, of course, with what we might be pleased to call peculiarly Chinese re actions to some situations, but on the

whole, people with the same loves and fears and hates, joys and sorrows as we too experience—an exotic setting but a human story.

Although it covers, in time, a period of nearly 30 years, its action does not drag: it is beautifully written and presented, contains a love story and a surprise ending.

From Angus and Robertson, Sydney; Australian price, 18/9. ★ ★ ★ “ON OUR SELECTION.” by Steele Rudd.

In the past half-Century there have been so many corny jokes concerning Dad and Dave—and. of course, Mabel—that Australasians have lost track of the original stories and their writer, Steele Rudd.

The stories originally appeared in Sydney “Bulletin” as a series of sketches; later, were published in book form as “On Our Selection” and “Our New Selection.”

Just recently, Angus and Robertson have reissued the two as a combined edition, and new generations of Australians are reading the original stories for the first time and, to their surprise, finding them good writing and good reading; com paratively undated as to time—although they were first published over 50 years ago: and, so far as these earlier Rudd stories are concerned, that there was no Mabel.

Dave’s only recorded passion concerned Fanny Bowman, for whom love could be seen “working in him like yeast he developed a passion for small things, trifles he had hitherto regarded with contempt, purchased silk handkerchiefs and perfume and conversation-lollies . . .”

After dinner each night he would rush to saddle a horse and would not be seen till next morning. The course of Dave’s love-life was subject to the usual amount of frustration, how r ever, mostly connected with Jack Gore, the Bowman’s hired man, though superior and looked upon as one of the family.

Months went by, Dave still taking nightly toll of the riding horses, then . . ” ‘‘Jack Gore left Bowman’s service one morning. He left it suddenly. Bowman sacked him, and Mrs. Bowman talked to the neighbours about him with the wrath of an insulted mother. ‘The cheek of him,’ she said to Mother, ‘to think lie was good enough for Fanny! Why, we wouldn’t have kept him a day if we’d thought—if we’d even dreamt. Fanny, indeed!’ ”

Mother told Dave what she had said, and Dave left home a little earlier that evening. He returned unexpectedly, went to bed in bad humour and some time later was seen dancing on Fanny’s photograph which he had torn from the family album.

Jack Gore had been away some months, then one day he returned to Bowman’s and “neither Bowman nor Mrs. Bowman attempted to chase him away. Work was suspended for twenty-four hours, and at midday, a tired, dust-covered parson came to their door astride a poor horse, and got down and married Jack Gore to Fanny.

“It was a quiet wedding.

An illustration accompanying Ninia, in Australian Roundup.

“When they heard of it Mother and Sarah whispered things to one another and Dad thought of Dave. ‘Thank God.’ he said, ‘The horses’ll have a chance t’ get fat now’.”

Our Selection was on the Darling Downs in Southern Queensland where Rudd him self, the eighth child in a family of 13, had lived much the same sort of life as he portrayed in his stories. Those were the toughest days of Australian “cocky farming,” when farm life seemed to con sist mainly of a slab house and a water hole; droughts, and corn and wheat that brought a shilling or two a bushel; of patched pants and no shoes for the kids and a diet of bread and treacle and spuds and pumpkin and mutton, sometimes; more often, kangaroo-tail. But Rudd saw homour where most other Australian writers would have been pleased to see tragedy and in penning his stories gave an imperishable record of Australia be fore pioneering became a spent force.

If you can forget the tenth-rate movies and the radio serials that have cheapened it, you will find Rudd’s “Our Selection” something of a classic. (Australian price, 15/-).

There’s an island set in the grey North Sea, Where hands may be tied, but thoughts are free, And hearts are bigger, they say, by half: In the face of death they can look and laugh.

In London’s mews and timbered lanes, From the Underground to the weather vanes, You may sense the Past, if you still life’s pace— And know you belong to a goodly race.

And on Yorkshire’s moors where the heather’s blue, And the sky and the dales and the mountains, too, You can drink the air, and drink again, For it’s air that tastes like the best champagne.

Through Kentish woods, and Surrey’s vales, A sense of blessed peace prevails; And Autumn’s brush with its russet and gold Shows Death in a land which is never old.

There are great grey rocks on the Cornish coast Which stands like a pledge of the British boast That, despite the assault of every foe, They’d still be free—or the world should know.

If you choose to roam from this pleasant place, I would say—to the South, then, turn your face; And look for the palm and the mango tree, And an island set in an azure sea.

H. H. Madams.

The Coconut—The

Versatile Plant

(Extracts from a talk broadcast

from Z.J.V. , Suva, by the Nutrition

Section of the South Pacific Health

Service).

FRESH coconut forms an important ingredient in the diet of the people in the Pacific and South East Asia.

It provides the main source of fat in the diet, and the juice and flesh contain protein and small amounts of vitamins.

The young shoots at the top of the palm are very good for eating. These can be made into the famous millionaire’s salad, so-called because making this dish causes the palm to become unproductive; consequently millionaire’s salad is rarely eaten. The shoots are not unlike celery in appearance. They are crisp and have a slightly nutty flavour, and are delicious chopped up and served with avocados or mixed with mayonnaise and served with any salad.

The nut may be used at every stage of its development, and every part has its uses. The husk can be used as a pan scrubber and in many places it also makes an inexpensive toothbrush. The fibre provides a valuable material for making string, rope, mats, stuffing for upholstery and many other useful articles.

The meat begins to form when the nut

is about six months old, and it is at this stage that the nuts are most commonly used. The green coconut has a soft white pulp. This is delicious if chilled and eaten with a spoon. It is also good food for young babies; and a little may be added to custard or cornflour mixtures.

The halves of the young nuts with the soft meat attached can also be used for serving fruit salad or fruit cocktails.

Inside the kernel is the coconut water which can be removed by boring two holes at the “eyes” of the nut. This water has a slightly sweet flavour. It may be added to soups, sauces and stews and should never be thrown away. Or it may be used in making 1010 or coconut cream. The flesh of the mature nut is used for making this.

Grate the coconut with a grater or remove the nut from the shell and put it through the mincer. One coconut usually makes about three cups of grated nut. Add 14 to Vz cup of coconut water or boiling water to the grated nut. Allow to stand about 15 minutes, knead with the hands and squeeze through a cloth, preferably two thicknesses of cheese cloth.

This makes a cream suitable for pouring: over puddings, or for cooking with green vegetables or fish, etc. If the cream or 1010 is to be used for making a curry sauce for egg, meat or fish dishes, a larger amount of coconut water or boil ing water can be used. One to two cupsi of water to three cups of grated coconut is most suitable. For a really thick; creamy 1010, add a little dried milk just;

before serving, one teaspoon of dried milk to the cup of 1010 is sufficient.

Lolo can have salt water or sea water added before it is used with vegetables.

It can be flavoured with lime leaves, limes, or lemon juice before adding to sweet or fruit dishes.

The grated coconut meat will still re tain sufficient flavour after the cream has been extracted and may be used for curries, puddings, macaroons and candy.

Add about one tablespoon of grated coco nut to a pint of ice cream before the last whipping, or substitute Vi cup of 1010 of coconut cream for ’•> cup of milk in an ice cream recipe.

A baked sprouted nut makes a delicious dish. The outer husk is removed and the nut is baked whole in a moderately hot oven, about IV2 to 2 hours depending on its size. It is then split open, the inside of the nut scooped out and seasoned with salt and pepper. It may be served as a vegetable or plain ?.s an accompaniment for a pudding.

Bananas With Coconut Sauce

6 small green bananas. 2 tablespoons sugar (if you use dessi cated package coconut, 1 tablespoon of sugar will be sufficient). 2/3 cup grated fresh coconut. 1 cup milk.

Place the whole, unpeeled bananas in boiling water and cook 20-30 minutes or until they are soft. Remove the skins from the bananas and cut them length wise. Make a sauce by heating the grated coconut and sugar in the milk. Pour this sauce over the bananas and serve them as a dessert with whipped cream if desired. Serve either hot or cold.

Lolo can be used instead of milk and sugar.

THE kernels of the ripe coconuts are used to make copra. The nuts are split in half and are either sun, smoke or kiln dried for about four days, then crushed and milled to give oil and coconut meal. The oil is often a basis for margarine, substitute ghee and various cooking oils. The meal, which is left after the oil is extracted, is fed to cattle, pigs and poultry. It has a high protein content but is difficult to utilise as a human food.

In the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, a coconut drink called toddy is prepared by cutting the skin of the coconut flower bud. The syrup-like juice then drips overnight into a coconut cup which is suspended below. The following morning it is collected and used throughout the day. Children are given the toddy when it is fresh but some adults prefer it slightly fermented. This drink provides an important source of vitamins.

“Sour” toddy is an alcoholic drink made from the over-fermented liquor.

Sometimes toddy is boiled before drinking.

If it is boiled for a long time all the water evaporates and leaves a sweet sugar. It is used the first and second day after making and babies are often given both fresh and boiled toddy.

Pawpaw And Coconut Pudding

3 cups grated coconut and 1 cup boiling water (make into IV2 cups lolo).

IV2 cups thick pawpaw pulp, sieved.

Pinch salt. % cup sugar. 7 tablespoons cornflour or cassava flour.

Make the 1010 using the grated nut and the boiling water. If the 1010 measures less than IVz cups make up with coconut water. Mix the cornflour, sugar, and salt together, and stir into the pawpaw. Cook over a slow heat, stir until the mixture thickens. Add the 1010 and cook five to 10 minutes. The mixture should be stiff but not stiff enough to mould when cold.

Pour into a dish and chill. Lolo may be served over the pudding if desired.

-ss?v

Across

I. —How many letters in the Welsh alphabet? 4.—What fertiliser is found on the islands in the Pacific? 8. —What name will be given to the Queen’s new Royal yacht? 9. —What was the ancient name of the western districts of Asia Minor? 10. —Which oil is obtained from the hooves of oxen? 11. —What tree comes from fire? 13. —What world-wide organisation sends food, money and clothing to under

privileged peoples through out the world? 17. —What is the term for the chemical that reveals the latent image on photo graphic film? 18. —What is the Lena? 20.—How is the phrase.

“Gentlemen, include me out!” described?

Down

1. —What was the name of the place where public executions took place in London that is now the site of Marble Arch? 2. —What church festival is celebrated on Jaunary 6? 3. —What is the principal river of England? 4. —What is the cause of falling, hair? 5. —What is the capital of Madagascar? 6-—What name is given to the Sessions Court in London? 7.—What was the ancient capital of Syria? 12.—How is Joe’s famous restaurant described in Cuba?

14. —What is the name of the under ground railway in Paris? 15. —Who caused his own children too be strangled on suspicion of their con spiring against him? 16. What is the term for a sharps ridge or edge on stone or metal? 19.—What bird was said to be able, to carry off an elephant?

READERS are invited to send in recipes using Pacific Islands in gredients or ingredients readily ob tainable in the Islands. Ten shillings will be paid for each one used.

Pawpaw Sauce Cake

1 cup diced pawpaw. 1 egg. 1 4 cup butter or margarine.

IVi cups flour.

Vi teaspoon ground ginger. 1 teaspoon lemon juice. 1/3 teaspoon ground cinnamon. 1/3 teaspoon grated nutmeg. 1 cup sugar.

IV2 teaspoons baking powder.

Vi teaspoon salt.

Vi cup raisins or sultanas.

Stew pawpaw in a little water until » soft smooth sauce is obtained. Press mixture through a coarse sieve if neces sary. Cream butter or margarine, add sugar and add beaten egg. Sift salt, jaking powder, spices and flour together.

Idd pawpaw sauce and dry ingredients ilternately to the egg mixture. Fold in emon juice and raisins. Pour into greased loaf tih and bake in moderate >ven for 50 to 60 minutes.

Mrs. E.J.L., W. Samoa.

Banana Cake

4 oz butter. 6 oz sugar. 3 eggs. 2 ripe bananas, mashed. 1 level teaspoon soda. 1 level teaspoon baking powder. 8 oz flour. 2 tablespoons boiling milk.

Cream butter and sugar; add eggs beaten), mashed bananas, then soda dis

solved in boiling milk. Lastly add flour and baking powder. Bake in two greased sandwich tins for 20 minutes in moderate oven (350 degrees). Fill with whipped cream and sliced bananas or bake in one tin and ice with lemon icing.

Mrs. R.J.T., Nz.

Guava Jelly

Wipe guavas with damp cloth. Cut them up finely. Barely cover with water and boil thoroughly. Put into jelly bag and leave to strain all night.

Measure juice and allow a cup of sugar to a cup of juice, and for every six cups of juice allow one cup of strained lemon juice. Boil quickly till a little jelly will set in a dish when cool, then bottle.

This jelly will keep for a long time if put in air-tight jars.

Mrs. L.C., Suva.

River

ROBERT GIBBINGS, bearded Irish giant, who spent some time in Polynesia in 1945 and 1946 preparing his book, Over the Reefs, has just published another River book, Coming Down the Seine.

It is written in the same style as his other travel books, with many woodcuts and is likely to be read with interest by his many friends In the Islands.

for NG

THE Fourth Archbold Expedition to New Guinea will spend nine months in the Papua area, making the first comprehensive survey of the flora and fauna of the region.

The expedition will be led by Leonard J. Brass of the Archbold Biological Station in Lake Placid, Florida. He will be accompanied by Geoffrey M. Tate, in charge of the expedition’s New York headquarters in the American Museum of Natural History, and Hobart M.

Van Deusen, of the Museum De partment of Mammalogy. The 1953 expedition is sponsored by the Museum, Richard Archbold, Arnold Arboretum, and the US Office of Naval Research. —Pacific Science Bulletin.

Inoculations against any possible outbreak of typhoid during the congested period of the Royal Visit to Suva, were being urged on the population by the Fiji Health De partment.

In mid-October, over 400 Boy Scouts held a rally in Suva, Fiji, where the scouting movement is being strongly encouraged.

British

Preference Tariff

Representatives of British textile firms doing business with West Samoa, and firms ex porting primary produce to that Trust Territory, are perturbed at the recent abandonment by West Samoa of Empire Preference tariffs.

It is known that business interests in Apia have for some time been dissatisfied with shipping connec tions between the United Kingdom and Samoa and especially with transhipment delays in Suva. The Apia Chamber of Commerce has been negotiating with various ship ping lines, seeking a more direct service. The abandonment of the Preferential Tariff therefore is likely to increase interest on the part of non-British exporters, and Improve shipping prospects.

British textile exporters now fear that the Japanese will immediately make an all-out drive to capture the not inconsiderable Samoan textile trade. Japanese vessels run ning phosphate from Makatea Island and coming south in ballast are said to be available for a direct service from Japan.

New Zealand primary produce ex porters on the other hand suggest that America might show an interest in dumping surplus goods on the Samoan market. Two American

shipping lines are available to pro vide direct service.

Textile representatives have em phasised the “Unfair to Britain” angle in referring to the danger of keen competition from Japan; but a recent article in the New Zealand Chamber of Commerce journal, dis cussing such “unfair Japanese com petition” noted that Japanese com

petition is not necessarily unfair.

The disparity between wages in America and England is consider ably greater, the article points out, than the disparity between wages in England and Japan. Japan probably would be just as willing; to import Samoan copra, say, at thei same price and in the same quant ities as Britain is now doing.

Visit of Bank Chief Has Had No Visible Result

CONSIDERABLE interest was aroused in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea in August when Dr. H. C. Coombes, Governor of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia, and a large party of high bank officials, toured the Territory in a specially equipped plane.

Territorians hoped that the visit had to do with increased Australian investment in the Territory and the establishment of some kind of institution which would finance private enterprise.

Dr. Coombes and party departed without telling anyone what their luxury trip portended—if anything.

And two months have now gone by without any more information forthcoming. We can only hope that the Doctor and his financial under lings have, in the interval, been making plans as to how the Com monwealth can best help P-NG to become that supplier of all things tropical to Australia which perambulating politicians con stantly assure us P-NG is capable of doing.

When Dr. Coombes and party were at Wau, Mr. N. White, local business man, farmer and chair man of the Wau-Bulolo Advisory Council, met them and sub sequently wrote to Dr. Coombes in Canberra, pointing out some of the ways in which P-NG could be assisted to become Australia’s bul wark in the north.

What Mr. White said in his letter is what most clear-sighted people think. Dr. Coombes, how ever, is one of Australia’s top-fiight bureaucrats and it is unlikely that he will see things in the same simple light.

Some of the points Mr. White made were:—

Hydro Electricity Potential;

Wr. White suggested that someone of the competence of the engineer in charge >f Australia’s Snowy River project be nvited to examine the hydro potential in Vew Guinea. He said that top-ranking sngineers should make the investigation md that they should “get around on ;heir own feet and see things.” So far. iaid Mr. White, the practice has been o fly over the country, return to Port Moresby for a dinner or two, and then ■eturn to Sydney. Aerial surveys were yell enough up to a point, but an nvestigation on the spot was what was leeded.

He pointed out to Dr. Coombes that had hundreds of rivers that could be larnessed, and that NG was closer to Australia in the north than Tasmania yas in the south.

AGRICULTURE: Mr. W’hite said that here were large areas of valley floor rhere mechanised farming could be PPlied with immediate results. The foot lill areas could be used for suitable

plantation activity. Soil fertility, abund ance of green manure, assured rainfall and a condition of everlasting Spring were indicative of the capacity of Papua- New Guinea to maintain many millions of people. Crops suitable for the area included rice, sugar, coffee, tea, cocoa, coconuts, peanuts, fibres, millet, soya beans, cotton, spices, vanilla, etc. If Australia was serious in the contention that something must be done to defend her northern approaches then something should be done without delay to invest in Territories development.

TIMBER: There were hundreds of square miles of timber, all protected by rain forests and without fire risk. There were high-class furniture woods, timber

for veneer, three-ply, paper pulp and building timber. Access was not easy— it never was in countries where big timber was abundant—but the same trunk road system, necessary to open up the country for hydro-electricity and agriculture, would serve the forest areas.

GENERAL: Mr. White said that the people were not really concerned whether the Commonwealth Bank opened a branch at Wau. Banks would automatically appear when sufficient volume of business developed to warrant them. What the people did urge was that the Common wealth should invest as much as possible in Territory development. He believed that it would be a better investment than the 31 millions earmarked for the Colombo Plan.

Parliamentary parties visited the Terri tory each year and returned to Canberra victims of ill-considered impressions.

Much of what they subsequently said was

so much hot air; but the newspapers printed it and many people in Australia believed it.

As far as the future of the natives was concerned, Mr. White thought that they would have little future at all if it were not in association with the European residents of the Territory. They must progress and prosper with the Europeans —and they were already doing well in that direction.

Nassau’s New Settlers Do Well

ONE of the recent migrations of Pacific Islands people was the settling of a number of families from over-populated Pukapuka, Northern Cooks, on the uninhabited 300-acres island of Nassau, 45 miles away.

Nassau was a coconut plantation in full production until the Japs came into the World War, 12 years ago. It remained uncared for until about two years ago, when the people of Pukapuka bought the island for around £2,000.

On a recent visit to Nassau to load about 20 tons of copra, those on board the motor-ship Charlotte Donald learned that there were 85 men, women and children now liv ing there. They had already paid for the island with the copra they exported.

Landing supplies and taking off copra from Nassau is a hard task.

The little island has one of the worst reefs in the Pacific, There is the cost of broken oars and damaged boats to be set against any profit in taking the copra aboard a boat-load at a time, when the reef is workable.

Business firms throughout the Pacific islands which collect copra from such lonely settlements no doubt feel they are under an obligation to render a service to the Islanders in out-of-the-way places.

On the same trip the ship called at Pukapuka (45 miles away) and collected about 40 tons of copra, after staying off the atoll for a week. At Pukapuka the custom of shipmasters is to “tail off” from the t*eef on the lee of the island, with a kedge anchor in a crevice to hold die ship from drifting away. Copra ias to be brought out in canoes ;o the ship. A “bad reef” and vari tble winds can delay a ship for days.

Between Nassau and Pukapuka is he celebrated Tema Reef, which ias been described in some books. big sea breaks over it at all times, md it is a grim sight for seafarers ind passengers. No wonder the irst English navigator to sight hikapuka gave the atoll the name Isles of Danger!”—AJS.

Nukulau Island, Suva’s playground slet which has been closed follow tig the recent tidal wave, has again een opened to visitors.

From Our Own Correspondent WAU, October 28. rE Wau District Show will be held on Sunday, November 8, 1953. It will be officially opened by the Administrator, Brigadier D. M. Cleland.

The Committee which has al ready received trophies for com petition, expects this will be the most successful show ever.

Residents believe that good entries in the various sections do much to advertise the agricultural potential of the district.

Mr. Bob Green, who was Secretary of Wau Club and Assistant Secretary of the Golf Club, and a popular member of the community, has resigned from New Guinea Goldfields, Ltd., to take a position with Cottees Passiona, Ltd., at Goroka Eastern Highlands.

The Indian cost-of-living index in Fiji rose slightly during the third quarter of the year increases in the price of bread, sharps, potatoes, onions, sugar, goatmeat, tea and cocoa accounting for the rise of three points.

A record banana export from Fiji to New Zealand is expected this year. By early October, 264,000 cases had been shipped. The all-time record was 283,237 cases in 1925, though greater shipments have been made to Australia in the past.

Of Living!

WHAT seems to be a rather un convincing attempt to tell the Fiji public that the cost of liv ing has in no way increased, though the price of bread has gone up, appears in an official Fiji Gov ernment statement issued recently.

The statement does not give the actual figure of the price increase, but it says: “A small increase in the price of bread has been made neces sary by the rise in the cost of flour since the Government subsidy was removed, and from October 1 the bakers will charge 1/- per loaf. If the weight of the loaf had been increased to 2 lbs (as had been sug gested in some quarters), the price would have been Id, Most house holders buy a fairly constant num ber of loaves each week, and a rise of 2|d in the cost of a loaf would have been felt in the general cost of Jiving.”

So the weight of a loaf remains the same, the price has increased, the cost of living is unchanged and apparently Fiji eats bread by the loaf, not by the slice, and can de tect no difference in the digestive tract if the loaves happen to be small ones—or big ones—which they’re not going to be, anyway!

Pass the cake, brother.-

Jps.

Over 200 Eastern Samoan men serving in Hawaii with the US Navy, and their families recently attended a celebration marking the first anniversary of the opening of their Congregational Church at Pearl Harbour. The church was opened shortly after the Samoans arrived there last year.

fl Mr. W. E. Donovan, Accountant- General, Fiji, and Mr. R. W. Park inson, recently Fiji Statistician, both returned from overseas leave recently. Mr. Parkinson now takes over the duties of Import and Price Control from Mr. W. E. Monk, who returned to New Zealand during October.

Distinguished Scholars Survey W. Samoa

From Our Own Correspondent

Auckland, Oct. 20.

rE Auckland University College Department of Geography will shortly implement a survey of Western and Eastern Samoa, financed partly by a Carnegie Social Science research grant.

The complete project will last for five years and will involve a field survey of resources, population, economy and contemporary land-use practices. The implications of a rapidly increasing population, land tenure, transport, commercial, agri culture, and social and economic difficulties arising from these, will all be studied.

The research team comprises five distinguished NZ academicians.

Asked whether this project would not be covering considerable ground

which the South Pacific Commission already has covered or is planning to examine, the head of the team, Professor K. B. Cumberland, said he was in communication with the SPC on the subject, and the Uni versity project probably would work in closely with the plans of the Commission.

Mr. V. D. Stace returned to NZ in mid-October after carrying out an economic survey of W. Samoa for the South Pacific Commission; and Dr. Norma R. McArthur, under a research fellowship grant from the Australian National University, was in Samoa in September study ing population trends and implica tions for the same body.

The Red Cross was making a drive in Suva, Fiji, in October to increase membership.

In Lautoka, Fiji, town planning projects are nalted pending settle ment of legalities involving the ownership of town lands.

Dr. W. H. Rees, Medical Officer, South Pacific Health service, rec ently transferred from Tarawa, Gilbert and Ellice Is. colony, to Nuk ualofa, Tonga, where he relieves Dr.

Cotton.

Mr. G. Ward Price, special foreign correspondent of the London Daily Mall, and a director of Associated Newspapers, was visiting Fiji, Tonga, Samoa and Tahiti in August-September. He returned to Tonga aboard Tofua from Auckland in October at the same time Queen Salote [?]eturned home from the Coronation.

Mr. Ward Price has been roaming the world as a journalist for the past 45 [?]cars, serving as a correspondent in [?]oth World Wars and more recently in Korea.

He said that Queen Salote’s visit to ingland had created a great interest here in Tonga, and it is for this reason oat he was covering the story of the Queen’s return home.

Photo by Hettig.

Than Never

fTTHE frantic efforts of Fiji and X Tonga to eradicate rhinoceros beetles that had gained admit tance to those countries, has thrown into relief the almost total lack of precautions for confining New Britain’s agricutural pests—namely, the giant snails, rhinoceros beetles and caspid pest of cocoa—to that district.

It is understood that some ban on carrying plants from Rabaul to other parts of the Territory, par ticularly to the Highlands, does exist; and that there is legislation to prevent the unauthorised move ment of plants from New Guinea into Papua. But neither ban has been policed in the past and unless this sort of regulation is policed, it is useless.

Even the most virtuous citizens are usually not above taking a “bit of fruit” or a “few cuttings” or a pet plant where they legally have no right to be taken. (Rhino beetle is widespread in New Ireland, too — but no one seems to be worrying about that).

The P-NG Agricultural Depart ment has now asked for co-opera tion from the public and from air and shipping services to help in keeping the agricultural pests that already exist in the Gazelle Pen insula confined to that area. Mr.

P, Brosgarth, Assistant Agricultural Officer at Rabaul, will make the necessary inspections and issue the clearances for all plant material authorised to leave the area; air and shipping services will have authority to check cargo and . baggage to see that unauthorised . plant material is not included and J District Commissioners and Customs < officers in other parts of the Terri- ■ tory have been asked to keep a close check on shipments from j Rabaul.

Plant Introduction Work

An officer of the P-NG Agricul- ■ tural Department, Mr. G. Keleny,, visited Fiji in September to discuss £ co-operation between the two c countries on plant introduction i work. He returned to Port Moresby via Noumea where he has reported! to the South Pacific Commission.

P-Ng Rice For Caledonia

And Hebrides

About 1,000 lbs, of seed rice will I be shipped to the Chamber of Agri culture in Noumea, New Caledonia,,j from Papua-New Guinea. A smallen consignment will go to the Newv Hebrides.

Over four-fifths of the seed sentl will be of the Mekeo variety, a types evolved from varieties imported too New Guinea before the war. Thes rest will be of the Bubia strain,,r which comes from the Station of that name in the Mark—: ham Valley near Lae. It was bredb

from rice found growing near Lae after the end of World War ll— presumably planted there by the Japanese.

Face Lift For Apia

Prom Our Own Correspondent

Apia, Oct. 15.

GOOD progress is being made with construction of the new passenger landing jetty and Customs examination shed at Apia, W. Samoa.

This is the first part of a plan, approved by the Legislative Council earlier this year, which will change the face of Apia’s waterfront.

The plan includes lighting of the dock area, installation of a 10-ton crane, establishment of complete banana export facilities, repairs and extensions to the main coastal vessels’ wharf, establishment of a liquor retail store on the water front, with Harbourmaster’s and Customs offices above, enlargements to import storage shed on wharf, fencing the entire dock area, and the installation of two mobile :ranes for cargo handling.

The new passenger jetty will re move passengers from the con gested cargo-handling area. The jetty is built of concrete, arranged m levels each differing by 15 in to suit any stage of the tide.

THE Cook family, which has carried on sporadic whaling for a great many years in Nukua lofa, Tonga, had a windfall in August, when three whales were taken. The whalers used only an open surf boat, with oars and sail, and an old-fashioned harpoon.

Unlike other Pacific whaling en terprises,, the whales caught by the Cook family are not used for oil, but to augment the Nukualofa

meat supply.

Taken within sight of Nukualofa wharf at intervals during the month, each whale was towed ashore near the town, and sold in pieces to eager customers. Each whale brought from £3OO to £5OO before it became too ripe for the removal of further steaks.

Then each was towed across the lagoon to a reef, and used as shark bait. The sharks so caught were then sold at excellent prices.

Predator Established in Micronesia

ROBERT OWEN, Chief Entomolo gist for the US Trust Territory of Micronesia, reported on August 7 the finding of a female Scolia Ruficornis wasp at Koror, in the Palau Islands. This event marked an important advance in the fight against the Rhinoceros Beetle.

In the Palau Islands, the only area in which the beetle is known to exist in Micronesia, more than one-half of the coconut palms have been destroyed by the beetle.

Through the co-operative efforts of the Hawaii Board of Agriculture and Forestry, the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association, the Inverte brate Consultants’ Committee of the Pacific Science Board, and the Gov ernment of the Trust Territory, Scolia wasps were introduced into the Palau Islands —the first in 1947 and the last in 1951.

The Scolia wasp destroys the beetle.

The finding of the wasp indicates that it has become established in the islands. Still to be determined, however, is the rate at which the wasp will multiply in this environ ment. It is hoped that it will de velop rapidly and that it will be come an important factor in control of the Rhinoceros Beetle. — Micro nesian Monthly.

if Mr. Robert Munro has retired from his position as chairman of the Suva City Planning Board; his posi tion will be taken by the Director of Lands, Mr. R. V. Cole, ff Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna was wel comed home from the Coronation at a series of Fijian receptions early in October.

fl The senior Broadcast Officer for the Department of Education in Papua-New Guinea, Mr. P. Coch rane, visited the Sepik area in Oc tober to take recordings of native songs, dances and folklore. The mat erial is for the Native People’s' Session, broadcast daily over 9PA Port Moresby.

Snow On The

What Three Climbers Found 14,000-ft Up In NG

AS part of a New Guinea holiday, two Victorian alpine en thusiasts, Messrs. L. Rayner and N. Semple, recently climbed the four main peaks of Mt. Wilhelm, in the Eastern Highlands of New Guinea. The peaks are about 9,000 feet above the Government station of Goroka — which, at 5,200 feet, is considered itself to be very much Highland country.

The Victorians were accompanied by Patrol-Officer A. M. Keogh, of the Papua-New Guinea District Services Department; and, when they returned to civilisation, the three men were able to give some interesting information about a hitherto little-known part of New Guinea—a New Guinea where cold mist and rain, ice, and even snow take the place of the more usual damp heat of the tropics.

The information which the men gave was covered by an interesting press release from the Port Moresby Public Relations Office on Sep tember 24: r:E party found small isolated patches of snow on the upper ridges, and streams near their advance camp iced over during the night. No native carriers were taken beyond the base camp be cause of the low temperatures and the difficult rock formations which had to be traversed. Using special ?ear brought from Australia, com plete supplies for two men for five weeks was reduced to four light weight packs. This included food, clothing, bedding, tents, medical supplies and photographic equip ment.

The altimeter carried by the party gave a height of 15,400 for ;he main peak, 14,900 for the next lighest, and around 14,500 on ad joining peaks. All four main peaks were climbed to make a check on :heir height. A cairn and notes ieft by previous climbing parties were located, including those placed >n the peak by the Vial and Noakes Jxpedition of 1938.

Describing the main peak, Mr. £eogh said it was composed mainly )f granite impregnated with mag letite deposits which caused erratic r ariation in compass readings. From -he summit of Mt. Wilhelm, they lighted the Finisterre and Adelbert Ganges, also the Amele bluff at Vladang, and the Bagasin Mountains.

Veather conditions were difficult m the higher levels, and mists, leavy rain, frosts and hail were ex jenenced during the trip.

Mr. Keogh said that the Pinde umde and Guraguraga Valleys ad acent to Mt. Wilhelm are of glacial irigin, and the three lakes in the r alleys are all brilliantly coloured,

varying from jet black in overcast weather to a bright blue or green on sunny days.

The valleys were rarely visited by natives, except for hunting expeditions for ringtail possums which are fairly common in the area. It is believed that the Guraguraga Valley had never previously been visited by Europeans Vegetation in the two valleys was varied and colourful. There were small scattered dumbs of timber, but most of the vegetation consisted of patches of coarse alpine grass

and a few stunted shrubs of the gorse variety. No timber of any kind was seen above 12,500 feet.

J’he thickly-glassed floors of the two valleys were similar in appear ?^ lce T J X) the high cattle country of the Upper Murray Valley in Aus tralia. The grass was of a short, coarse type which appears to be a variety known as Cushion Grass. It

*£“Sg“J“g heigVun to°MOoS

£??? slopes al nelgms up 10 14 ' JUU Beyond the two valleys native sweet potato gardens were seen as

high as 8,700 feet, and pandanus groves at nearly 11,000. The latter

appeared to do particularly well at an altitude of 8,000 to 10,000 feet.

Many unusual flowers were seen and photographed in colour by Mr.

Rayner, who also made a colour film of the areas covered during the trip. All three members of the party likewise made a collection of unusual geological and insect speci mens.

The New South Seas Hotel, now being built by Morris Hedstrom, Ltd., in victoria Parade, Suva. It will be finished [?]ate In 1954. > his photo was taken the day the spacious brr section was opened,

a few days before the earthquake.

Building operations ceased after the earthquake; but is does not appear that the new structure has been damaged in any way.

Which

Don’T Care!

Letter to the Editor rE majority of small-ships’ cap tains who serve the coast of Papua and New Guinea do a sterling job. But their fine record in making easier the lot of the out stations is sometimes counter balanced by the lack of considera tion shown by a minority.

There was the case of a recent visit by a small ship to New Britain north coast ports. It called at estate A, and then went to estate C.

Estate B lies halfway between A and C, with a better approach and better reefmarks than either A or C.

At estate C, the captain informed the manager that he had on board two cases for estate B, but that he was in a hurry (it was a Wednes day) and he considered two cases were insufficient cargo to warrant calling in to Estate B, so he was taking them back to Rabaul.

Manager of estate C said he would take delivery of the cases and advise manager of estate B. Manager of estate B then had to send 4 units 14 miles to collect the cases, thereby losing their labour on the estate for one day.

This sort of thing should be stopped. There is far too much dumping of cargo at places other

than which it is consigned to, be cause the master of a ship is keen to get back to Rabaul for the week end. It is certainly not the first time this has happened in this area.

It is also time that a little more comfort appeared on some of the small ships. Recently, a couple with a baby went by small ship (about 85 tons) to their home. The

trip took two nights and three days.

There was plenty of room on the upper deck to sit around and enjoy the trip; the weather was beautiful, and the ship as clean as a new pin. But there was not on 3 chair provided for passengers. In all, this ship carried 2 men, 2 women, and 2 children, plus Captain and en gineer—6 adults. All had to sit on

the deck or sweat in the saloon.

When remonstrated with, the master said he had requisitioned chairs from the agents (one of New Guinea’s biggest firms) but they aad not done anything about it. I saw this ship a month later and it still had not got its chairs.

I am, etc.,

Planter.

'Jew Guinea.

Stacking Malaria

RESEARCH now in progress at Liverpool University promises to break the vicious circle vhich, up to the present has pre sented the complete eradication of nalaria.

Although the site of the malaria :an be suppressed, and patients leemingly cured of the complaint, he latter are always subject to re apses which can reinfect mosquito losts and so restart the process.

Malaria, too, has presented cer ain problems to which no answers lave as yet been obtained. Amongst hese is why it affects persons in lifferent ways to some, it may irove fatal; it may damage tissues n others; but on the other hand here are people who contract the omplaint and yet escape serious itermath.

These were some of the points nade when Dr. W. H. Andrews Lecturer in Tropical Medicine at he Liverpool University) addressed he British Association Conference ecently.

He pointed out that human arter -3s possess the power of constriction, nd may be constricted when ab .ormally influenced. Research in his sphere leads to the suggestion hat aftermaths from malaria may rise from the retarding of the lood stream, particularly in the ver.

The brilliant work of Professors hortt and Garnham at the London chool of Hygiene and Tropical ledicine in 1948 had revealed that he malarial parasite lodged in the ver. This discovery solved the roblem that had puzzled experts in ropical diseases for years, as to ow malaria caused relapses even r hen it was impossible for patients 3 have been reinfected.

Dr. Andrews explained that the iverpool research had been concen :ating on the possibility that the lalarial parasite in the liver, by fleeting the blood standard, causes in the tissues which in turn auses change in the blood cir- Lilation. The parasite itself, he ex lamed, uses oxygen and by reduc ig the oxygen-carrying capacity of ie blood can diminish the blood’s bility to feed the tissues, cause nailer cardiac output, effect altera on in pulmonary circulation and iduce many other reactions.

The liver receives a special blood

supply and can thus be a source of deterioration in any part of the body. If the means of destroying the parasite in the liver were dis covered, it would not only lead to a breaking of the malaria circle, but also prevent subsequent damage to other organs which is so often the aftermath of malaria.

This problem was reviewed by Mr, R. S. Bray. He explained that, fol lowing its introduction into the human body by the female mosquito, the parasite takes eight days to develop in the liver, and, after breaking into the blood stream, it can come back to that organ to reproduce itself. It is in a relatively inaccessible position and is able to resist drugs while in the liver. So

far, only one drug “prematuin” appears to be able to attack the invader in this stronghold. “Until this phase is easily assailable by a suitable drug’' summarised Mr.

Bray, “we shall not be able to pre vent malaria fully, instead of merely suppressing it as we do now”.

P-NG Works- More Works Expected

From Our Own Correspondent

Port Moresby, Oct. 24.

ACCORDING to a Commonwealth Works Department statement made in Port Moresby in October, the Department expects this year to spend a greater per centage of the money authorised for works than in any year pre viously.

Reasons for this are the decision to keep Rabaul as headquarters of the New Britain area; the inten tion to proceed with many major projects, including the Port Moresby hydro-electric scheme at Rouna, hospitals at Lae and Port Moresby, new wharves at Kavieng and Rab aul; and construction of permanent houses at many places throughout the Territory.

The Works Department up to the middle of October had received £735,100 in authorisations for work to be done £225,500 for Papua, and £509,600 for New Guinea and the islands region.

A considerable stepping-up in building is expected this year be cause of the letting of major works by contract.

Looking To Islands For

Mutton Birds

THE extended use of mutton-bird L oil for medicinal purposes, the result of the enthusiastic de velopment of the industry by Mr.

John Paterson, has led to an in creased demand for the mutton-bird ca^ e ? Pu ff ll us Tenmros ;^ Mr ;^ P - aters l 9 n . bas been or

cairns hut h? ba???fr. Tnt!ft™nhiP

in There are countlSl mutton-birds along the coast of Queensland but, in the view of the Queensland Government, they are among the protected birds of Queensland territory, and may not be touchecl - As a result, the direc tors.of the Paterson Laboratories Innth^PanTi th % GS towards *; he IS fS n ? S fvT and n the Y they will get fr? 6^ a ™ J?~ p * pb fu °f °* the 1 " archipelagoes, like Tonga and the Cook Islands.

Sir Henry Scott At The

Bamboo Curtain

Rj Ir Henry Milne Scott Re

turned to Fiii via avrinpv at the e end ° of J ’ October after spending a brief holiday withtoe Governor of Honsrkone’ mr alpv

S 3£ r G^ntoamreported^St

sir Alexander (who is a former Governor of Fiji) and Lady Gran thami are held in very high regard by all classes in Hongkong and by tbe Gbinese Sir Henry Scott with the British police chief walked to the Kowloon boundary, between the British Col ony and Red China He was there regarded sourly by the Red frontier g ua rds, and carefully photographed by them.

“I was told that if I walked an other three yards I would be behind the Bamboo Curtain,” said Sir Henry and I should be either shot ° r arrested and persons arrested for gomg into Red China don’t get out under six months, if at all.”

NG’s 280 Students Cost Admin. £45,000

From Our Own Correspondent

Port Moresby, Oct. 24.

rE annual allowance paid by the Administration of Papua-New Guinea for all European children who attend secondary schools in Australia, has been in creased from £lOO to £ll5. And what is additionally pleasing to parents, the new scale has been made retrospective to the beginning of 1953.

In addition to the allowance, each child is entitled to one free air passage to and from New Guinea each year.

About 280 children are benefiting this year and will cost the Ad ministration about £45,000. The number of children in 1954 will likely be 300.

Although this is not the full cost of sending a child to boarding school in Australia, it is a consid erable help, and in this regard the parents of Papua-New Guinea are among the most favoured in the Pacific. Parents in the British Solomons, Fiji, etc., must stand the full cost of educating their children and when there are two or three children it literally can drive the parents to the verge of bankruptcy.

The PNG education allowance seems likely to become a permanent arrangement, although when it was

instituted two or three years ago it was as a temporary measure only until such time as a High School was provided in the Territory.

The majority of New Guinea parents prefer the allowance in lieu of a local school, the general opin ion being that children are better out of a tropical native country during their formative years.

IT Mr. A. C. Reid, District Commis sioner Southern, has been appointed Acting Director of Education in Fiji. His position as District Com missioner will be taken by Mr.

W. V. C. Baker. if His Lordship Bishop Foley, SM., of Fiji, paid a short business visit to Auckland and Sydney recently.

( at ee ßi™t*

The Indian Government has )ffered three scholarships to stud ents of Indian descent resident in One scholarship will be for ichoolteachers, the second for ‘higher studies in arts and hum inities” and the third for the study )f Indian music. Selected students iay their own travelling expenses.

Island-bound from Auckland, NZ, in October were:— Mrs. H. M. Scott and John returned to Suva. Mr, H. Maurice Scott, who was an official representative of Fiji at the Coronation, returned by air earlier.

Major A. F. S. Ohman, Chief Veterinary Officer, Fiji, and Mrs. Ohman returned to Suva after six months’ furlough in England.

Mr. and Mrs. R. F. Gibbard and Leslie were bound for W. Samoa where Mr.

Gibbard has been appointed in charge of the manual training centre at Samoa College. Mrs. Gibbard will also be taking a teaching appointment.

Mr. and Mrs. B. J. Donnelly and children were on their way to W. Samoa.

Mr. Donnelly is on the staff of Avele School.

In New Zealand from the Cook Is. In October were:— Mr. W. R. Hosking, fruit inspector, Rarotonga, with Mrs. Hosking, Alice and Agnes, on leave until January.

The Rev. Father Cornelius Van Den Berg, of Rarotonga, was en route for Holland on leave; Mr. B. Hunter who has been employed on the Rarotonga Power Scheme for the past years.

Mr, and Mrs. J. M. Henderson from Rarotonga.

Mr. and Mrs. B. Wilson from Rarotonga who were met by Mrs. Connal (left) and Mr. C. Smith.

Islanders 12th Session of South Pacific Commission

MORE copra, greater yield from fisheries, help for co-operative societies, improved diet and more reading matter for Islanders, are among the main targets on which the South Pacific Com mission will concentrate next year, according to decisions taken at the Dommission’s twelfth session, which included at Noumea on October 29.

Others are health education, re search on mosquito-borne diseases, community development, and in creased rice production.

The Commission considered its vork for Islands people could best ae carried on next year by con centrating its efforts and limited esources in selected fields. Its choice was guided by the recom uendations of the Islands delegates, rom 18 Pacific territories, who at ended the second South Pacific Conference at Commission head [uarters last April. These recom aendations were for Commission ction towards the social and conomic advancement and welfare f Pacific Islanders.

Values Of Foods

In the health field, the Com

mission adopted an expanded three year programme of nutrition re search.

The Commission’s bio-chemist, who recently returned from abroad, where he studied latest techniques in food analysis, will concentrate on laboratory research on the nutritive values of Islands foods.

The nutritionist will continue field studies on family diets in Islands territories, begun several years ago.

A food technologist will be appointed to recommend improved ways of preserving and storing staple Islands foods, such as fish, grains, roots and tubers. He will work closely with the fisheries and subsistence crops officers.

Control Of Diseases

The Commission noted that a specialist in mosquito-borne diseases had been appointed to expand the work being carried on to give effect to the recommendations of the con ference on filariasis and elephant iasis, held under Commission auspices in Tahiti two years ago.

The delegates to the South Pacific Conference last April agreed that health education was an urgent need for their peoples, and asked the Commission to make available suitable illustrated pamphlets and posters. This request will be given high priority in the health pro gramme.

Coconut Protection

In the economic development

field, the Commission approved con centration next year on projects re lating to expansion of cash crops, control of plant and animal pests and diseases, and development of fisheries.

Reference was made to the regional survey being carried out of the main crop of the area, the coconut, by the Commission’s specialist, Mr. W. V. D. Pieris.

Also noted was tha progress made in organising the campaign for con trolling the rhinoceros beetle, which is seriously threatening the coco nut industry in certain territories.

An entomologist has been engaged to work on beetle ecology and con trol problems in Western Samoa, where the pest made its first Pacific appearance in 1910. A second en tomologist will be appointed to undertake investigations in India, and possibly elsewhere.

Rice, Fish, Etc.

Rice is a valuable staple food in some Pacific territories. To de termine if this crop can be expanded in the area, it is hoped to arrange for an expert from the Food and Agriculture Organisation to make a survey of the rice-growing potenti alities of the region. He will also report on available types of mechanical equipment for milling rice, including small units for village use.

The Commission will continue its financial support of the Naduru loulou introduction garden in Fiji, which is engaged in the important task of selecting and introducing

new plants of economic importance to the area.

Fish is a main source of animal protein in the diet of Pacific Islanders. Next year the Commis sion will engage an expert to as sist and stimulate fisheries in vestigation and development in the region, including inland fisheries and pond culture. In general, he will work along the lines recom

mended by the fisheries conference held under Commission auspices ii Noumea in 1952.

In promoting economic developc ment among Islands peoples, thi main needs are incentives, orgam isation and instruction; of the ini stitutions available for meeting these needs, co-operatives are com sidered to offer the greatest proc mise of success. These are mail.

findings of a report on commercial relations in the Pacific islands, pre- Dared this year for the Commission ay Mr. V. D. Stace, an economist if the Reserve Bank of New Zea ,and. Publication and compre lensive distribution of this report vas directed at the twelfth session.

The Commission noted that Mr. 3tace was carrying out, as a Com nission-sponsored undertaking, an •conomic stocktaking of Western Samoa as the first stage of an ‘conomic survey of that territory. :t considered the results would in ;erest territories faced with the iroblem of expanding populations ind limited resources.

Growth Of Literacy

Last year the Commission set up he South Pacific Literature Bureau o stimulate the supply of reading latter for Islanders, for which an ,cute need exists. At the twelfth ession substantial expansion of the bureau’s work next year was uthorised. As well as encouraging reduction of general literature, it rill provide material such as that equested last April by South *ac!fic Conference delegates, who tressed that posters and pamphlets rere urgently needed to instruct heir people in such matters as illage hygiene and coconut culti ation.

The Commission will continue to ncourage planned community de elopment as a means of promot ig better living in Islands com mnities. It noted the marked in rease of interest in such schemes bat had taken place since 1951, hen it sponsored the pilot com mnity development project carried at by the Government of Fiji on loturiki island. Next year its sup ort for similar projects will mainly ike the form of providing tech ical advice and assistance to ter torial administrations on request.

The importance of co-operative icieties in the economic develop ment of the region was stressed at le second South Pacific Confer ee. Next year the Commission ill obtain an expert to advise a-ritorial administrations desiring >sistanc3 in co-operative matters, e will also prepare, for circula on among island peoples, simple ractical manuals.

Next Conference

The Commission decided that the bird South Pacific Conference will * held early in 1956. Lae, Apia, apeete and Noumea are being •nsidered as possible sites.

Solomon Islands Rubber Planta ins, Ltd. (one of a group regis red in Brisbane), had its best suits for some years with a £2,002 ■t profit for the year to July 31 •eference dividend, 10 per cent, kes £963. Paid up capital includes 0,000 in ordinary shares. The mpany is 43 years old.

Let’S All Be Very

AN indication of the coming of age of the Pacific Islanders is shown in the latest Cook Islands annual report, recently published.

Wherever, in the past, the word “native” was used, it has this year ben replaced by “Maori.”

The perfectly innocent and in offensive word “native” is now com pletely tabu in most parts of the Pacific. Only a very few years ago, all students graduating from the Central Medical School, Suva, were called NMPs. The removal of that offensive “N” was the first move in the deletion of the odious word

from the Pacific dictionary. The graduates are now SMP’s, CIMP’s, TMP’s, etc., according to whether they come from Samoa, Tonga, Cook Is., etc. The word native somehow, has come to mean “primitive/' “ignorant” and “inferior.”

To-day there just are no inferior people in the Pacific unless they happen to be Europeans.

And by the same token, it is high time someone began a campaign for the uplift of that downtrodden race.

Let us begin by banning the word “Whites” when referring to them. The term is still used all over the Pacific, and is equally as degrading as “blacks,” “c o o n,’ r “kanaka,” etc., and infinitely more so than plain “native.”

Onducted By Ex Zk-1-Ac/Vr-2-Ak.

Iddress notes to P.O. Box 5179, Wellesley Street, Auckland, N.Z.) ISLANDS HAMS: Let your Pacific

?ighbours know you’re active by

\ecking in on your favourite band

ith a CQ at 0100/0700/ 1900 z. Use f a known time will help you—

id them.

/fOST interesting Island signal of the month seemed to be FWBAB on allis, who has apparently been on the land for some time but rarely appears i the air and then mainly only to main in skeds with FKBAB/AO on 14 mc/s V, Sunday mornings. Also reported to me on 7 mc/s occasionally. Name at e moment is not available, but some tails may be forthcoming by next >nth.

Doug Berry, ZK-l-BG, possibly the most live 3.5 mc/s man in the Islands, ssed in a report on activities in the oks again this month. A contact with 19WZ lately brought his score to 12 antries worked on this band in recent mths. ZK-l-AB, the other Doug, with watts and a long wire antenna, con es his activities mainly to 14 mc/s CW th good effect. fhere is good news for the VHF men. ,-1-BH, Nat Bradley of the ionisphere ttion, is preparing a 6-metre rig for s coming summer. The receiver will available very soon. Ron Lowry, k~l“BI> is the only other man in any y active in the Cooks. He occasionally pears on 3.5 mc/s CW. Stuart Kingan, eran ZK-l-AA, was apparently showing ns of rejoining the fraternity recently en a coconut palm fell across his ver line bringing down six power poles, sms a lot of damage for one coconut Ve understand that Hugh Hickling, -1-AT, has returned to Rarotonga after period in hospital in Suva. He is not the air however. 6y the time this appears a big silence 1 probably have descended upon Niue ich both the ZK2 men will have quit the end of November. There is reason hope, however, that ZK2AA, at least, y appear again in the Islands under ►ther call. •uring the month Pat Senior, ZM6AA, s heard active on 80-metre phone in tact with a ZL and with a moderately >ng signal in Auckland, tan Mayne, VR2AS, reports from Suva t the Hams there will be co-operating h the local broadcasting station staff ing the forthcoming Royal Visit— isting in the manning of broadcast ly posts. Stan also reports a new n, Barry Spring-Rice from New land, a sergeant in the Fiji Army, ar section. Barry was not previously Jam. Stan does not report his call i but we assume that it is VR2CX.

EC-1 transmitter-receiver will probably used. y kind co-operation of Radio Inspector Raebel, VK9HI, of Port Moresby, we able, this month, to give a complete Ing of VK-9 New Guinea Hams, rect as at October 23. A great number

of these, we know, are rarely active.

Notes from those that are would be appreciated.

Licensed New Guinea stations as at 23/10/53: VK9AB, A Bunting, DCA, Port Moresby.

VK9AD, E. P. Black, 9PA, Port Moresby.

VK9AU, R. A. J. Taylor, RTC, Wewak.

VK9AH, A. J. Humphries, Buin.

VK9BI, A. G. Wilkey, Huxley Street, Bulolo.

VK9BJ, B, M. Johnson, APC, Badili.

VK9BX, N. L. Bonney, DCA, Port Moresby.

VK9CS, C. J. Spehr, Lutheran Mission, Madang.

VK9DS, D. B. Schroder, DCA, Lae, VK9DT, D. G. Taylor, RTC. Samarai.

VK9FK, R. C. Fawkes, DCA, Lae.

VK9FN, F. M. Nolan, 9PA, Port Moresby.

VK9GB, A. Barrie, OTC, Rabaul.

VK9GV, G. V. Camnbell, AWA, Lae.

VK9GW, G. A. Warner, OTC, Port Moresby.

VK9HI, L. C. Raebel, Lawes Road, Port Moresby.

VK9JO, T. S. Kepner, APC, Port Moresby.

VK9JP, J. F. Pert, DCA, Lae.

VK9KC, W. Bock, Pandora Crescent, Port Moresby.

VK9KT, J. R. Foldi, DDS&NA, Port Moresby.

VK9MC, W. A. MacGregor, Baiyer River.

VKf)MF (Portable), F. N. Nolan, 9PA, Port Moresby.

VK9MG, G. W. Mullins, C/- M.V. Wallach, Samarai.

VK9MT, M. Tie, DCA, Port Moresby.

(Continued Next Page)

VK9PJ, P. J. F. Wharton, DCA, Madang.

VK9RC, R. C. Chugg, Madang.

VK9RG, R. G. Garrett, Rabaul.

VK9RM, R. B. Monfries, Bnlolo.

VK9RO, R. M. Ellison, SDA, Bautama.

VK9WG, W. C. Gee, Port Moresby.

VK9WL, J. Widdup, Chabai, via Sohano.

VK9WK W. K. Webster, OTC, Port Moresby.

VK9WP, W. A. P. Luke, OTC, Rabaul.

VK9YT, C. J. Zimmer, Lamasong, New Ireland.

VK9YY, A. J. Smith, AWA, Lae.

Samoans To Take

In Local Gov’T

From Our Own Correspondent

Apia, Oct. 20.

THE Attorney-General of W.

Samoa, Mr. W. E. Wilson, out lined the proposed system of local government in the Territory, when the District and Village Gov ernment Board Bill was before the Legislative Assembly during October.

The Board will first begin to es tablish District authorities, rather than Village authorities. Such auth ority will be interested in every as pect of the life of the people in that District, and its power for good will come from its general administra tion of the District and its advice to the central government on the needs of the people there. The functions of the authorities will be

gradually extended from a limited control, at the beginning. En couragement of increased produc tion in the District would be one important function; the encourage ment of thrift another.

The Board would have the power to organise and maintain a watch ful control over the operation of the District and eventually the Village authorities.

H Mr. C. A. Seller, who has been oi secondment to the Colonial Offio since 1951, returned to Fiji recentl and has been posted to the Secre tariat in Suva. fl Mr. A. L. Harrison has bee appointed to a new Fiji Police De partment post of Vehicle Examm ing Officer. He will be stationed i Suva.

Of Temperament

CONGA’S heavy-weight boxing champion, Kitione Lave, was very much in the news in New ealand during October and was Iso showing a little prima donna-ish jmperament.

He was annoyed, many consider rith justification, by the referee ho stopped his fight with NZ lampion Don Mullett when he was .early on the point of gaining a nock-out victory, and by not being warded even a technical knock it. He was even more annoyed hen he did not gain an immediate mtest with Australian Ken Brady, id announced his intention of re irning to Tonga for a holiday.

At the last moment, however, he incelled his booking on the Matua id decided to remain. Thereafter, series of statements was issued r his manager regarding his in ntions —each giving some new an.

When it was finally arranged that ave would meet Brady on No mber 9, the New Australian Crivic i November 23, and have a return >ut with Mullet t in January, the ongan’s manager announced, on ctober 28, that Lave was suffering om a back injury and would have stop training.

Whether he would be able to go i with the latest programme of jhts was uncertain late in October it New Zealand boxing fans were >ping that he would—although ey were getting a little tired of e many alterations to plans that id been announced.

It is certain, however, that when er Lave reappears, he will fight a packed house and a large dio audience.

Auckland, Oct. 30—Officially announced ve has a ricked back and must undergo nth’s treatment. His projected fights ;h Brady on November 9, and Crivic on vember 23, have been postponed.

Cooks

lOMPARED with its parent ' country, New Zealand, infant mortality in the Cook Islands revealed in the 1952 annual re rt, is disturbingly high—and con lerably higher in the latest ures issued, than it has been for ne years.

Whereas the rate in New Zealand about 28 per thousand live births, was 138 per thousand in the oks last year, and 101 the previ s year. rhe report notes a good deal of ilnutrition amongst infants and ys that the Administration sup es free milk to all such cases re rted.

Infant mortality accounted last ar for 37% of the deaths, most ing between 6 and 12 months of e.

NORFOLK IS., October 23.

JUDGE SIMPSON has now completed a sitting of the Norfolk Island Court and returned to Sydney. One case which created some attention was that regarding the transfer of a piece of property by the holder of a Power-of-Attorney to the owner’s sister for a “consideration of one shilling.’’ The Court’s verdict upset the transaction; the P-of-A gave power to lease, sell, etc., but not to give away! * * * Although the shipping companies have blamed the slow turn-around of ships and long stays in port for high freight rates (in our case £l5 per ton from Sydney) our record of handling cargo

under difficulties is steadily improving and the ‘Malaita’ got away this week after a stay of only IV2 days. Maybe our freight rates will come down soon; they influence the high cost of living and cause petrol to be 6/5Vz per gallon. * * ♦ A bring - and - buy -a - gift afternoon recently raised £llO for the local hospital. The Island is now trying to raise £5OO for the Queen Elizabeth Gift Fund which will equip a dental clinic and provide free dental care for children and expectant mothers. The money donated will carry a Commonwealth sub sidy and the Administration will guarantee part of the resident dentist’s salary.

News Of The Small-Ships

Changes In Approaches To

JVA HARBOUR:—An official atement from Suva late in Ocber indicates that in so far as upping is concerned, the recent rthquake and the accompanying bmarine landslide near the iproaches to Suva harbour in no ly permanently affects navigation.

“Suva harbour appears to h av e ffered no change in depth,” says e report from Acting Harbouraster E. L. James, nor is there idence of any shoaling outside, t “soundings of Kandavu Passage, e approaches to Suva from both st and west and the entrance to va harbour as shown on Admiralty arts, can no longer be relied ion ” rrt/—v „ . rT

Joodbye To Kurimarau :

r bv thlr t w^tPrn to Pflcific ISP by the western Pacific High mmission Rumour has it that fnia W rf the deal V fell 3 will be available for inspection prospective buyers.

Kurimarau has had an honourle career in the Pacific. She first peared in BSIP in 1930, ex-Hongng, where she was built to the ier of Levers Pacific Plantans Ltd. to replace the old SS

Kohiloko. Kurimarau was at first used by Lever’s General Manager, Major F Hewitt, for inspection tours of Company plantations and also for concentrating copra from outlying estates and for supplying stores. Captain Bill Rawson was her Master from 1930 until the Jap anese invasion of BSIP J. 1 tbe vessel was bombed while lying at Gavutu but sue cessfully evaded the attack and reached the Russell Islands, where she remained until she successfully evacuated a record passenger list of £2 v and S°t them safely to Australia. , In , A V s t ralla the vessel was chartered by the Australian Ship- Ping Control Board and engaged in war service; she was twice bombed and machine-gunned in New Guinea waters, the second time being ex t^ nsi vely damaged but not before shooting down two enemy planes.

Mr. Jack Gaskell. now in Honiara, ° fflCer dUring her

surplus to®Lever’s’ requirements and

was purchased by the WPHC to carry stores and supplies to the Solomons from Suva and at that stage was the Protectorate’s only overseas shipping link. She also made several trips to Sydney.

After Burns Philp resumed services to the BSIP with Muliama

and Malaita, she came under the control of the BSIP Government Trade Scheme, but Kurimarau is now considered to be too expensive for the BSIP.

With her well-known and popular Master, Captain N. W. Macdonald, the Kuri has become part of the

life of the Solomons; she is re membered fondly by many who have had happy voyages in her; and with curses by those whose stomachs are not equal to the ordeal of long voyages in small ships.

Japs Seek Salvage Rights:

—Japan is reported to be seeking salvage rights covering about 98 Japanese vessels sunk during the last war in its Trust Territory islands area of Truk, Palau and Saipan. The ships are said to total about 434,000 gross tons. According to Japanese reports seven of these vessels could be economically salvaged and returned to use, and at least 100,000 tons of scrap metal salvaged from the remainder.

The Trust Territory Government and the US Navy are said to be strongly opposed to granting Japan salvage rights in the area—even if it would be unprofitable for American interests to carry out the salvage.

Ships And Stamps: —As

stated in September PIM, Miena is depicted on a BSIP postage stamp.

Our attetnion is now drawn to the fact that the Tongan Government vessels Hifofua and A’oniu are de picted on a recent new Tongan 2d stamp.

Those Medical Patrol

BOATS:—In August, 1952, we re ported that the New Zealand

Lepers Trust Board had approved funds for the building of four 55-ft motor vessels for the use of the Missions in the New Hebrides- Solomons engaged in the care of leper patients and for other medical patrol work. Plans have been finalised, and tenders will soon be let for the building. They were

originally expected to cost £NZIS,OO' each.

Stanley An Gw I N: —Thf

British cable ship arrived at Suw from Singapore during October t repair three cables severed by tli undersea landslide that took plao during the earthquake of Septembes It was understood that the vess*

Duld also carry out detailed sound gs of the approaches to Suva, a ,sk for which she is especially uipped.

Nz Cable Ship:—The New

laland cableship, Matai, experi

iced very bad weather at Norfolk land during October but eventu ly completed relaying a shore-end the Norfolk-Southport (Queens nd) cable and the Auckland irfolk shore end. Due to the cky nature of the bottom at jrfolk Island, the shore ends rely last more than a year or two. atai, after laying a short cable in e Auckland area, will go to Bass rait on another task.

Cook Islands residents will be in rested to know that Mr. Charlie tiith, who was master of the Ad inistration vessel Ranui there for time, has been on loan to Matai chief officer, being one of the v officers available in New Zea id with experience in cable fing. He is Assistant Harbour ister at New Plymouth.

Last Voyage Of Southern

lOSS: —It is reported that this in-screw steel motor yacht, med by the Melanesian Mission, ly now be on her last voyage from ickland to the New Hebrides lomons. Archdeacon H. V. C. lynolds of the Mission left Auck id on October 7 for the United ates on a three months’ lecture ar for funds for Southern Cross 11. It is assumed that the Mission 11 use commercial transport in e interval between laying up the esent vessel next year and com ssioning a new one.

Fhe present vessel was built in itain in 1933. She is 298 gross is, 143 nett, and measures 111 it by 28 feet. She was classified 100 A 1 at Lloyds in July, 1951, t considerable money would now ve to be spent at the next sur y to maintain this standard.

Vlr. George Hunt, who crossed e Tasman last Summer in his cht Corsair, joined the ship in tober as second engineer on the □motion of Mr. D. L. Pryce to ief. Mr. W. Hulbert, who had 3n chief for some years, resigned, i deck, Mr. Lewis, who joined as ief officer on the previous visit to ickland, and later resigned and ;urned from the Islands, was re cced by Mr. Reg Woods, who ain came out of retirement to n his old ship. rhe vessel cleared Auckland Oc )er 14 and will be away for some mths.

Successful Air-Search:

molulu newspapers report that extensive search was carried out July for the motor vessel Venus, und from Rota to Tinian in the irianas with a crew of five and passengers, all natives of the irianas. Venus was located 130 les northwest of Guam after

70,000 square miles of ocean had been air-searched. She was towed in by a Coast Guard cutter.

LONG, LONG TOW:-The Dutch tug Humber, which recently towed a HnnVrfpH

wSh the ForeSf /z

Tn tow-boSnd g England The

™vas? bf wav of Torres Strait voyage, by way of Torres Strait and Suez, was expected to take 2 2 months. Foremost 17, it will be re- Galled siiceessMly salvaged a considerable amount of gold bullion from the wreck of the Niagara off the New Zealand coast last Autumn. Although she came across the Tasman under her own steam,

she is considered unsuitable for a long ocean voyage,

New Fiji Lighthouse:—The

new lighthouse on VatSele Island south of Viti Levu - which will per " mit safe navigation of large vessels between Vatulele and Beqa at night time ‘ At present vessels without radar bound from Lautoka to Suva stand outside vatulele by night.

They will now be saved 40 miles on that run with much ceremony, the light was offlcial iy lit by the Bull of Vatulele on September 16. The 60ft. concrete tower stands on the edge of a 70-ft cliff. The light is at present on test. (Over)

Operation Desert;—The

latson-Oceanic vessel Alameda lade a call at Suva in October with 2 Australian camels aboard. They ere consigned to Lewis Goebels, a irge supplier of wild animals to jos, etc. They were under care of reorge Hoff, who had spent four mnths in Northern and Western ustralia hunting them. Ten of the riginal herd died before they were lipped from Brisbane, but the irvivors seemed in good heart.

Matson Co. Makes Money:

-But not in ships. The company jports that the Moana Hotel, and ;hers which the company owns in awaii, are proving money-spinners. hey are now calling tenders for

."known "S'the” Princess' KaiulaiS

o tef Thl? ehave bitn rSsSt

Kgestions thatMatson mav Quit fnnw n p S nfirPiv Matson may qmt upping entirely. ■Nnrw port ttot? cjitva • thp :b N uUmng P of ß ?he F p °o?to S f U Su A va“aT h a e of f 2 non now hpinp- mndered by’ the Secretary of State r the Colonies, envisages the reoval of the present PWD yard id Vacuum Oil Co. installations om the north bank of the Walu ay creek to a location further >rth, and the construction of a >ck, slipways, fruit storage sheds id refrigeration stores on the area cated. An oil berth will be estab- >hed near the Tamavua beacon. smporary repairs to the existing tiarves will cost £90,000.

That Ill-Starred Name:

In January we noted that vessels with the name Tahiti, and its vari ations, have had unhappy endings, Oscar Nordman, of Tahiti, now re calls yet another —Tamarii Tahiti —lost in that graveyard of schooners, the Tuamotus, in 1908, just four years after she was built for S. R.

Maxwell & Co. The late Captain Joe Winchester, one of the best known skippers of the early 1900’s, was in command and the loss of the vessel cost him his job and most of his property. Oscar gives no de tails of the circumstances of the loss of the splendid 150-ton schooner which was built in San Francisco,

Coming-Slowly:

3011111 Paciflc Shipping Co. of Suva has had more than its share of trouble in transferring registry of its vessel Nukulau (formerly San Michele ) from Italian to “ registry But the 500tonner was reported in Indian and steadily heading Fijiwards.

NZ SURVEY VESSEL;—Although urgently required for ocean survey work and the correction of navi gational charts of New Zealand’s Island Territories and home waters, a survey vessel at present being built by a Scottish shipyard for the New Zealand Government may not be completed. Originally estimated to cost £450,000, the figure has now

risen to over £1,000,000. If the order is cancelled, however, it is estimated that compensation might run to £400,000.

The vessel was to replace HMNZS Lachlan, currently on loan from the RAN. Lachlan has already done some urgent work in Fiji and W.

Samoa waters.

The NZ Merchant Service Guild has lodged a strong protest with

the Government at the suggestion that the new vessel may be abandoned, declaring that a survey of the New Zealand coast is urgently needed to reduce navigational risks.

The cost of the vessel and survey would be small compared with the losses that might result otherwise.

Koitaki’S New Work Boat:

Koitaki plantation at Sogeri, Papua, now has its own work-boat, the Koitaki Numu.

It is a 40-ft vessel, equipped with radio and all conveniences, accord ing to Mr. Colin Sefton, manager of the Koitaki Estate.

Koitaki Numu will be used to re cruit native labour along the Papuan coast.

News of Cruising Yachts

• Seven Seas Cruising Association re ports in its interesting bulletin of letters from members that STORTEBECKER 111 (Dr. Franklin-Evans), which left Auck land August, 1952, and called at several French Oceania ports and Hawaii en route to Vancouver, is again planning to head south for New Zealand or Australia next April. Frank Jensen, the doctor’s cruising companion for several years, will apparently remain in Canada when the 33-foot German-built yawl again puts to sea. © The same source reports the 36foot ketch LITTLE BEAR, of San Diego, as due to clear Balboa for New Zealand

last Seutember; she should appear in French Oceania soon. Owners are “Buzz” and June Champion. • NEW SILVER GULL (Harry and Oceana Scott of Sydney) continues to cruise the waters in the vicinity of Van couver. Mrs. Scott recently underwent an operation but is again well. No word of

the 44-foot ketch heading south again yel • SKYLINE, last of the Aucklan yachts to head Islandwards this year, los one of her crew in Papeete. There Le: Goodsail, one of her navigators, change: over to the American 14-ton yaw SILHOUETTE II which was homeward bound after participating in the Honolulu Tahiti race.

•KYLINE should be out by now for nolulu and Vancouver via the rquesas. ► ANNA ELIZABETH, which was in liti and Cook Islands waters early last r, is reported to be still in the rquesas. The 85-footer was recently masted there, and owner Lamberty, Holland, was reported as having joined ic other yacht bound for Tahiti, ails are lacking. It will be recalled t Lamberty lost a former yacht, a verted lifeboat, in the Marquesas eral years ago in the course of a cruise m Holland. » Seven Seas Cruising Association: ic fide cruising yachtsmen engaged in ernational cruising are recommended joint this association. It is not a club the ordinary sense. There is no club ise. It is a means whereby cruising htsmen, by pooling their information, greatly assist one another. There is ;hart pool to and from which charts y be loaned. The monthly bulletin tains “inside” information on the ual situation, as experienced by ividual members, at various ports und the world. he warnings and advice must prove of ae to those who follow on the same rse. A prospective member must be pared to write in with information on voyage, and pay a small fee covering : of bulletin and its postage by air 1. Details from R. J. Carstarphen, 'A, Box 163 Coronado, Cal. A large

number of yachtsmen at present cruising the Pacific belong to SSCA and find its bulletins of great interest. • VENTURER, 18-tons, 50-ft. American schooner, arrived at Papeete from the Galapagos September 30, three years and a few days out of her home port of Boston. Bob Burke and John Grant, joint owners, are on a round-the-world cruise. They plan to remain for a while at Tahiti. • LEDA (Wilson brothers of Tauranga, NZ), arrived at Hilo, Hawaii, October 12, after a 20-day passage from Nukuhiva, Marquesas, during which she was be calmed for nine days. She was expected in Honolulu later in October. • TERN II (Lieut. B. C. Pester, RNZN), bound for Auckland from England,

reached Las Palmas, Canary Islands, September 30. • Several cruising yachts that were in Suva during September arrived in Auck land during October. They were

Taurangi, White Squall, And

WANDERER 111. The latter made calls first north of Auckland. GHOST was also sighted by the Union Company’s TOFUA becalmed some 300 miles from Auckland and was expected in Auckland later. These were, with the exception of Eric Hiscock’s WANDERER 111, all Auckland boats which have wintered in the Islands. BOUNTY, still out, headed westward for Noumea and Australia from Suva. • FLAMINGO (W. McCarthy and three companions Messrs. Heerdegen, Pledger and Petrie), left Tauranga for Auckland,

photograph of Wanderer 111 taken [?]ile she was in Pago Pago, American [?]noa. She has now reached Auck d, NZ.

Photo by Pan American Prints.

NZ, on the first stage of a world cruise early October. The Tasman crossing was planned for November. The 32-foot Bermudan sloop was built by Warren McCarthy in Auckland and completed at Tauranga. The yacht has a 4 hp auxiliary. The route planned is via rorres Strait and Cape of Good Hope. • The 43-ft. yacht BEYOND, reached Sydney, on October 2, 15 months out from Falmouth, England. Owner is Mr. r. C. Worth, a UK businessman who is :ombining pleasure with business on his tvorld cruise.

He is accompanied by his wife as crew, fhey have already visited France, Spain. *ortugal, Canary Islands, West Indies, ’anama, Tahiti, Fiji, New Zealand.

Mr. V. orth said he learned his navi gation from the books of his father, Mr.

Claude Worth, a famous yachtsman. Mr. and Mrs. Worth, unlike most round-the world yachtsmen, stepped from BEYOND in Sydney, looking fully-equipped to do a day’s business among that city’s top flight business executives. • A New Zealander, Lindsay Harman, 25, set out from Brisbane on Saturday, October 26, in the 18-foot racing skiff SEVEN SEAS, for Auckland via Noumea and Norfolk Island. He is accompanied by his fiancee. Unhapily, he came to grief after only 45 miles, on the Sala mander Banks (off Moreton Island, near Brisbane). He hopes now to sell the yacht and return to Auckland. • Trans-Tasman Race: Late in October eight yachts were entered for the trans- Tasman biennial classic which will be raced from Auckland to Sydney in January. It is expected that there will be some later changes, however. Entries for New Zealand vessels closed October 31 —and for Australian vessels November 30.

On October 28, the entries were as

Follows: Hope. Blue Water, Ghost.

Skyline. Black Rose, And Taihoa

from New Zealand, and TE RAPUNGA

Ir. G. H. Hunt joined the Melanesian [?]sion ship Southern Cross as second [?]ineer. [?]outhem Cross at Auckland, he 50-foot schooner Ventura of ton, USA, arriving at Papeete in the [?]rse of a world tour.

and SNOW GOOSE from Australia.

Fhere seemed to be some doubt whether GHOST, just back from her Island sruise. would cross the line on the great I*! —but some other Australian enries may [till arrive. Details next month. • TEMPTRESS, Warrant Officer Gordon tells, RNZAF, and crew of two arrived Luckland October 24 from Suva. She Fas sailed to Fiji last year by her owner Fhen he was posted to duty at the tNZAF base, Lauthala Bay. • GHOST, Ken Brown and crew of bree, completed her Island Cruise by rriving back at her home port, Auckland, a October 23. Journeying abroard, as far s Honolulu she had made a notable oyage without mishap. • TROPIC SEAS, sailed by American >hn Caldwell, his Australian wife Mary, ad three sons aged six, three and 12 lonths, arrived in Newcastle, NSW, on ovember 1.

The family left California in May, 1952. be youngest boy, Roger, was born in ihiti where they remained six months, rs. Caldwell’s parents live in Sydney; e says that if she returns to America will not be in a small boat. Mr. ildwell said the cruise has been paid r with the proceeds of “Dangerous ►yage” which he wrote after his evious attempt to sail across the Pacific »m America to Sydney. • HO HO 11, Norwegian-built 54-foot lin Archer-type ketch owned by Birger yn, which left Sydney some months ago r Norfolk Island, moved on from there r Noumea, thence probably the New

Hebrides, where her owner is offering the sturdy craft for charter or for sale.

Aboard the yacht, which Byrne sailed from Norway a couple of years ago, is his wife and small son. • BLUE WATER, one of the group of Auckland yachts that Island-cruised in recent months, arrived back at her port from Tonga late October.

(From Our Tonga Correspondent) A TRAGEDY has recently upset the calm of the Vava’u group.

Lute, a Tongan living in the village <pf Longamapu, Vava’u, be came distressed at the attentions which ’Ofiu, a driver for Morris Hedstrom’s, Neiafu, was paying to his wife. On the afternoon of September 18, he saw the couple enter a house together. When they came out, he was waiting for them with a shot-gun. Pushing his wife aside, he took aim and fired at ’Ofiu’s head, killing him immedi ately.

After the murder, Lute got his four-year-old son and went into the bush, telling his wife to follow them.

Terrified, she ran instead to the main road and found a lorry to take her to Neiafu, where she reported the tragedy to the police.

Police efforts to bring in Lute failed, but on September 22, a small party of searchers headed by the father of Lute, discovered the bodies

of Lute and his son near an old cattle fence in the bush. Lute had killed the boy and then committed suicide. They had been dead several days when they were discovered.

Scenes shot by the New Zealand camera-men Roger Mirams and John O’Shea during the July festivities in Papeete this year, have now been released in a new travel film made for Tasman Empire Air ways and entitled The Link. The film, which will be seen along the Islands of the Coral Route in due course, includes shots of New Zea land scenic attractions and of Sydney.

Against Conviction for Murder Evidence Given by M. G. Check

A FULL Court sitting in Auck land, New Zealand, on October! 29. reserved its decision on the appeals of three Niueans againsfl their conviction for the murder of the Resident Commissioner, Mr' C. H. W. Larsen, on August 16.

The three accused, Folitolu, 25t Latoatama, 21, and Tamaeli, 18£ were brought to Auckland from Niue on the Maui Pomara on Oc tober 10.

The grounds for the appeal were: ® That the Judge’s summing-up on direction to the assessor at the trial was not made in open Court, and there was. no possibility of checking it in law; sucM procedure was contrary to accepted pro-< cedure in NZ. • That there was no adequate proolt of the cause of death, as no internal post-mortem examination had been madea • That statements made by the appel-I lants were inadmissible and should btc rejected on the basis that the appellant;] had been interrogated when making theme • That there was provocation tha\£ should be sufficient to reduce the decision! to one of manslaughter. • That there was not sufficient proo;c of “malice aforethought.”

During the appeal evidence wait taken from Mr. M. G. Check, wh« was an LMS missionary on Niui from 1949 until January, 1953. HI said that he had learned to speah the language, knew Latoatama ami Tamaeli and had seen Mr. Larseie on official business frequently.

The mentality of the Niueans, hr said, could not be compared with) that of Europeans because theii: abilities lay in different directions!

Their attitute to right and wronr was also different. They were unn predictable and emotionally litoi children —the serious part of thd appellants’ statements was theiie complaint that there had bee:s sustained and continuous ill-treatfj ment from Mr. Larsen. It seemes to him from the statement madb by one of them that he was “so fujj of hate that he did not want tt eat” on the night of August 16, thasj they were obsessed with their griew: ances, real or imaginary. Unless Niuean was ill or brooding deeplfc he was always ready to eat.

It was a fact, he said, that them had been a petition to have ML Larsen removed from the Island. .

Mr. E. H. Pleasants, who appearee for Folitolu and Latoatama, saih that statements made by the thr©-; appellants should be careful!! scrutinised. The amount of detas. in the statements was quite corn trary to the idea of a native mafefi ing a voluntary statement.

Mr. S. C. Ennor, who appeared for ramaeli, said that his statement yas inadmissible and that the vidence against him was insufficient o justify his conviction on a cap tal charge. It had been Tamaeli’s nten t i o n merely to beat the [eceased.

He said that in the Island’s anguage “keli” could mean kill, cat, scold or dig. The word mate” similarly was open to mis ranslation because, as well as be ig a term for death, it could also lean illness due to accident or war are.

Li’R. H. R. C. WILD, who appeared rl for the Crown, said that in quiries made at the Depart lent of Island Territories showed lat the only record of a petition ) remove Mr. Larsen was a tele ram received from one of the sland councillors who afterwards lid that it had been sent through

misunderstanding.

He said acquittal of the accused as not justified. Referring to lack ■ a post-mortem he said that the ddence of the doctor justified the ourt’s concluding that Mr. Larsen’s ounds caused his death.

There was no evidence that the ;cused were induced to make state ,ents—they had asked for an in rpreter, saying they wished to tell le truth.

On the point of provocation, he ibmitted that evidence did not in cate any ill-treatment of the icused by Mr. Larsen. They had )t seen him ill-treat prisoners. He id thrown a stick which bounced f the ground and hit Tamaeli.

There was no evidence that the cused were in a state of passion the time of the murder. They id got one bushknife from the ■ol and had then walked a mile Mr. Larsen’s house where they ok the other two knives from a ed. There was evidence of a evious intention of Latoatama and ilitolu to “chop off” Mr. Larsen’s ad. Tamaeli was either an abettor a party to a common purpose.

' was in the room when Mr. rsen was attacked, he had a hal weapon in his hand and was ady to aid or acquiesce.

Mr. A. F. S. Ohman, Chief Vet mary Officer, returned to Fiji >m furlough in England in Oc ber. While overseas he visited terinary research and animal sbandry stations in the United ngdom and Europe, and attended b 15th International Veterinary nference in Stockholm last gust. Some 1,300 delegates from parts of the world attended— ) sitting down to the banquet DVided. At Pirbright, England, ’• Ohman, visited the foot-and iuth disease research laboratories ich are under the control of Dr.

Uoway, a world authority. With idem air travel this disease is /ays a danger to Fiji. Visits were o made to research centres in Jtland and London.

One Crook Made A

For Tahiti Tourist

REFUTING a charge by a dis illusioned tourist who, under the heading “Tahiti rampant with Crooks Scowls burlarized Tour ist,” poured out his bitter soul to a Honolulu newspaper. Chief of Police Frank A. Biesel of Tahiti, has written to PIM.

M. Biesel admits that, as with all tourist resorts, there are some thieves and rogues in Tahiti, espec ially during the July festivities, but asserts that Tahiti’s record is prob ably better than most resorts.

The criminal in this case was, as we reported in October PIM, soon arrested and the embittered tourist received back his stolen funds.

Tourists may rest assured that M.

Biesel and his men are capable of handling the situation and that the Pearl of the Pacific will not be “rampant with crooks” when they pay a visit.

JMr. Paul s - Savidge, of Texas, USA. arrived in New Guinea on November 1, where he will assist m the development of the plywood industry for Commonwealth and New Guinea Timbers at Bulolo, NG. He believes that the future of NG plywood is bright.

Pointed-Sticks In Place

Of Bulldozers

How Hagen-Gusap Road is Built

l/fICHAEL LEAHY, with his wife rl and three small sons, recently led a jeep party over the new >ad which has been constructed ider the direction of District Com issioner lan Downs between oroka and Mount Hagen in the ighlands of New Guinea. The 150iles journey occupied 12 hours.

Tien the Leahy brothers and J. L. aylor first discovered this country rer 20 years ago they took two onths to make the same journey i foot.

Mr. Leahy paid a warm tribute the work done by DC Downs, actically without equipment. He id: “This road has been made th nothing much more than inted sticks and bare feet.”

One now may travel on a rough ad from Mt. Hagen eastwards to oroka, and 100 miles beyond to isap. At Gusap this long-planned jin highway for the Highlands 11 fork—one branch continuing stwards to Lae and the other go ? generally to the northwards rough the Ramu country and wn to Madang.

Windsor Perry

Wedding

Mr. Ken Windsor, radio - officer and purser of the Islands ship Maui Pomare, was married recently in Wellington, NZ, to Miss Jocelyn Perry.

The best man was Mr. lan Hethering ton, formerly of the Post and Telegraph Dept., Rarotonga Cook Is.

Kenaf and Jute

AUSTRALIA has produced what is alleged to be a serious chal lenge to New Guinea’s infant kenaf industry (and, of course, to jute). This is canna fibre, produced from the plant which hitherto has been regarded merely as a garden decoration.

Cultivation of cannas for fibre has been getting some attention in NSW since shortly after the end of the war—certainly longer than kenaf has been of interest in New Guinea. This year, however, about 8,000 acres have been planted in the Port Macquarie district and the material made from the fibre has been claiming public interest.

Canna enthusiasts say that the whole of the plant can be used, that it can be handled entirely by machinery and that—greatest ad vantage of all —it does not have to be spun or be woven into cloth as does kenaf or jute. The fabric made from canna is made by a simple pressing process, the gums and resins in the plant acting as the bonding agent. It may be water proofed by a further simple pro cess.

It is claimed that it can be used for most of the purposes for which kenaf and jute are now designed.

The greatest use for industrial

fibres of the kenaf and jute variety —as far as Australasia and the Islands are concerned—is for wool packs, and corn, wheat and copra sacks. Other uses are backing for linoleum, string, etc.

To just which of these purposes canna fibre can be put has not been specifically stated. It seems too much to believe that millions of pounds have been wasted hitherto on expensive spinning and weaving machinery if a simple process of bonding can cover the same ground.

Presumably canna fibre can also be used by decorticating—as with kenaf.

If could be, too, that if canna can be bonded, so also can kenaf, H Miss Joyce Walker, of the Methodist Mission at Mendi, NG, Southern Highland, was on furlough in Australia in October.

To protect the natives of tH Highlands areas who have littf natural immunity from commo European ills, quarantine restrhi tions have been imposed in Papusj New Guinea against the prevailin influenza epidemic.

The influenza started in Poc Moresby a few weeks ago, has spres to other centres and has affecte; Europeans and natives.

For the time being, Europeai. and pilots travelling to the HigH lands must undergo a physical ei; amination at take-off points; groun patrols and native travel throug the Highlands is also banned.

Orient Liners Orcades a nr Oronsay will make Pacific cruise to Fiji and Noumea in December!

[?]ABAUL building

[?]Ites:

Letters to the Editor. fOUR report, “Land Board Building Site Allocations Cause Rabaul Dis ntent” (page 34, Sept, issue), contains number of inaccuracies.

The “local Land Board’’ has no fixed mposition. The members of the New Binea Land Board are appointed by the Iministrator, by notice in the GAZETTE, le membership can and has varied at fferent meetings. In my own case I ,ve only sat once on the Board, and my pointment was specifically gazetted as Ing for that meeting only.

I was not a member of the Board lich is alleged to have had discussions th a representative gathering of Rabaul ddents and I have no knowledge of ch discussions. I rather think your rrespondent is confusing the Land ard with the Papua-New Guinea Town inning Board, which latter body did in :t meet residents of Rabaul. It was at Is meeting (at which I was present) it Mr. Gabriel Achun made the state nt to which your correspondent alludes, fhe statement that most of the Euro m tenders are known to have been ;her than the Chinese is incorrect, grossly exaggerated is the statement it most of the Chinese recommended ' blocks already have building sites, Bses and other property. Most of (hem eady have business premises, but how ,ny have residential premises? How ny of the members of Rabaul Chamber Commerce, who have protested so dly, reside on their business premises? . Chipper and Mr. Brelaz certainly do in ex-serviceman is alleged to have a ;rmissive occupancy” over a block, ere is no such tenancy in the Land rs. Further Mr. Chipper did not üble to tell your correspondent, nor did ir correspondent trouble to ascertain t this ex-serviceman has a Chinese e and is, in effect, an absentee land 1, as he resides on a plantation in v Ireland and leases the existing sub ndard building to a young married ployee of the Commonwealth Depavt at of Works. t is not disclosed—naturally—by the imber of Commerce that the two com lies that tendered higher amounts for block are respectively (a) allied with ompany which is probably the biggest ler of freehold land in Rabaul and irons and the Gazelle Peninsula, a 1 of this land is still, seven years tr the resumption of Civil Ad listration, unused, some of it is sub (b) Already the owners of a number dwellings in Rabaul the majority of ch are sub-let; occupiers of a large a of land which is immediately outside present town boundaries of Rabaul. would point out that all sittings of Land Board are open to the public, act that has been frequently gazetted, s entirely possible, however, that many pie in Rabaul were ignorant of this

(Continued Next Page)

The only questions I have asked in legislative Council were in regard to elay in holding Land Board sittings, s I am not the person responsible for siting the date of such meetings I fail > see why I could not ask the Secretary 1 Lands to explain any delays—even if were a permanent member of the Board,

Nd I Am Not.

As to the merits of having separate isidential areas for various sections of le community: There are proper bodies inch as Town Advisory Councils) where ich questions can be discussed, as they lould be, OPENLY, with all parties to te argument present. This has not to ite been attempted although several embers of the Rabaul Chamber of »mmerce are also members of the abaul Town Advisory Council.

The Rabaul Chamber of Commerce does »t represent ALL the opinion of residents Rabaul, of any race or creed.

It is evident that little or no attempt is made by your correspondent to ascer in all the facts.

I am, etc.,

Don Barrett.

ibaul, October 9.

N the September issue of your journal I was quoted as making the following itement; “Mr. Achun, a spokesman for e Chinese people, was asked whether e Chinese wanted to live away from eir shops and among the Europeans; id, after some thought, he said perhaps t of them might, but for the most part, e Chinese preferred their neighbours to Chinese.” I wish to state that I do t remember ever having made such a itement.

I am, etc.,

Gabriel Achun.

.haul, October 10.

Tonga Up To-Date

)LANS for a new royal residence were taken back to Tonga rec ently by Queen Salote on her turn from New Zealand. They ;re prepared by the Ministry of orks in Wellington, N.Z., and it understood that the site for the ;w building is about 3 1 miles away om the present old 2-storey Palace the capital. The new site is on le of the highest parts of the flat and of Tongatabu.

Unlike the old building, the new ie is reported to be especially de nned for the tropics and of attrac fe design. Details have still to be lalised, following which, it is ex ited that construction will com ence without delay.

Late in October it was reported at Queen Salote had purchased a amber landaulette car in New )aland. The car was originally ken to New Zealand for the pro ceed tour of the late King George - but was later sold to a resident Dunedin. It is a 7-seater car ted with radio and inter-phone, will be delivered to Nukualofa in jvember.

Prayer As A Weapon

Against Rhino Beetles

But it May Have Serious Repercussions in Tonga

IT could be that the power of prayer, as demonstrated in Tonga, is a two-edged sword.

In September, Tonga observed a week of prayer in which they asked that they be delivered from the scourge of the rhinoceros beetle which was discovered in Vav’au a couple of years ago and against which vigorous battle has been waged ever since.

In the month following the

prayers, very few beetles were found and the Tongans attributed it to Divine intervention.

However, Mr. Micky Miller, who has been in charge of the beetle war, has been worried because beetle hunting has been very much less intensive since the week of prayer —and he remembers that much the same sort of thing happened on Niuatoputapu, another Tongan Island, where he led an anti-beetle crusade some years ago.

Following a week of prayer there, the people were very indifferent about hunting the beetles, assum ing the matter was being taken care of Higher Up. Consequently the beetle got a fresh hold.

He fears that something of the same sort may happen in Vava’u.

This photograph was taken after the marriage, on October 34, of Miss Iris ight of New Zealand to Mr. Stanley Goodman of Honiara. The bride wore a gown ivory brocade and was attended by Mrs. J. E. Cameron as matron-of-honour and Miss Beverley Howell as flower-girl.

st-man was Mr. J. C. Cameron.

Mr. and Mrs. Goodman were the first iropeans to be married in the new iglican Church, Honiara. The Rev. R.

Garrity performed the ceremony and e boys of the Melanesian Mission sang e hymns unaccompanied. A reception lowed at the Sisters’ quarters at the ntral Hospital, where the bride Is a rsing sister.

Discovered

Micronesian Monthly, dis . cussing the Bishop Museum expedition to Kapingamarangi, >lated southern-most atoll of the irolines (and jumping-off spot for panese attack on New Guinea), ports an interesting link between at Polynesian outlier and the stant Tuamotu Islands (French jeania), One night Dr. Kenneth P. Emory, 10 was studying the language, sard an Islander reciting an icient chant. Dr. Emory recalled at he had heard this same chant the Tuamotu atolls years earlier, id that the people there could not plain its meaning. The Kaping larangi people were able to ex ain the chant —and thus provide key to some obscure words of the lamotu language which has long en a puzzle to scientists.

The Kapingamarangi people form e of those isolated Polynesian mmunities scattered about Micro sia and Melanesia.

Prices For Micronesian

ALMOST the entire produce of the American Trust Territory of Micronesia is at present going to Japanese buyers. The vessel Gunner’s Knot lifted 2,100 tons of copra and 270 tons of trochus in various parts of the Territory dur ing September.

Copra quotations from the Pacific Coast, the report states, advanced to as high as $197.50 (£B5 Aus tralian) per ton, GIF, afloat, Euro pean buyers were offering as high as $222.50 for October and $221.50 for November GIF shipments. Jap anese quotations were lower, but more satisfactory shipping connec tions are available. A strike in Los Angeles oil mills was causing the keen demand from the Pacific Coast.

The price currently paid to pro ducers is $lOO per ton delivered to Island Trading Co. warehouses.

There was a $lO rise to this figure in September.

The 1953 trochus crop was in ex cess of the expected amount, and the balance of the crop was sold to Japan in August at a price said to be much higher than that paid last year. Increased activity in the textile industry—with a corre sponding increase in demand for trochus buttons—is said to be the cause of the rise. Exact prices paid were not stated.

Pearl Button Business

THE recently established trochus button industry at Levuka, Fiji, seems likely to meet increasing competition from an Australian factory. About a year ago a group of Brisbane businessmen established a mother-of-pearl button factory at Smith’s Creek, near Cairns, Queens land.

Until recently this factory has ben equipped to cut and drill blanks only, the final polishing being done by another firm in Sydney. How ever, polishing and other equipment is reported to be on the way from Germany to Cairns, where experi ments are also being made in cut ting trochus buttons in addition to the MOP.

Several Sydney firms have in the gast produced a small number of uttons, but it has never developed into an important industry in Aus tralia before.

Tahiti learned in October that Mr. Jean Fougerousse, who was born there 47 years ago, and has been resident at Seattle. USA, is being deported for Communist activities there. Tahiti will protest against the re-entry of Fougerousse to French Oceania, where Red activities are unwelcome. However, as J l ®, is a nati ve of Tahiti, he probably cannot be debarred from returning home.

Glamorous bridal array for this native girl—Patricia Boa who married Jol[?] Lamond at the Koki Mission, Port Moresby, on October 10.

Photo by Papuan Print

New Guinea

CROSSES between Asiatic and j Romney Marsh sheep, and especially the back-cross to the ,omney, are proving to be useful 00l growers and carcase animals in le Highlands of New Guinea, says ie Australian Territories Depart- Lent in a recent pamphlet.

At the end of 1952, there were 100 sheep in the two Territories of apua and New Guinea —300 r them in Papua and most of the dance in the Highlands.

Officials say that experiments are ;ing carried out to see if sheep isbandry is an economic proposi an in the Highlands. There is still icertainty as to whether pure omney or Romney back-cross are e most useful in this country. The ieep are run in small flocks (30 40) with cattle—it is found that is difficult to care for the sheep operly, in larger numbers. The def trouble in low dry areas is the rew-worm fly, and in moister eas infestation with internal para «s.

It hoped to obtain from the ex riments being conducted at Non gl by the Hallstrom Trust, infer ation as to the technique of anagement necessary for such nning in New Guinea.

20 Years Ago

It was reported in the PIM 20 ars ago by Mr. E. J. Wauchope at he had obtained excellent re- Its on his coastal plantation near adang from the crossing of Asiatic th Romney Marsh sheep. And he •ongly recommended that official ly should carry on with such ex riments. But, as so often happens, icialdom ignored the pioneering irk of private enterprise and oceeded to do the whole thing all er again a generation or two later.

[?]inister for France in New Zealand, Noel Henry, with Mrs. Henry, visited Tonga and Samoa in the October [?]ua from Auckland. Mr. Henry is [?]nce’s senior diplomat in the South Pacific.

Ela Beach Road in Port Moresby, which already rivals some other more famous Pacific Islands roads in beauty now has a new church completed recently by the Seventh Day Adventist Mission. It is built on old Spanish Mission lines and is painted in pastel colours. It was erected by the Mission staff at a cost of £3,000.

Chief Justice F. B. Phillips, of P-NG, officially opened the church at the end of September.

Several SDA Pastors from Australia, New Guinea and the United States took part in the opening: ceremonies. The Rev.

D. E. Ure, of the London Missionary Society, also assisted.

From a small beginning in 1908, the SDA Mission has spread throughout Papua from the Dutch border along the coast to the New Guinea border, and inland to the Highlands of New Guinea.

[?] IN

[?]Area For 2 Years

is seven months since the inoceros Beetle was discovered Viti Levu; and, after seven is’ war against the pest, it clear that the infestation is ast two or three years old. h teams every week are find eetles and grubs in situations i wide arc around Suva which 5 it clear that the pest is i dug in over a large area. ’ing these months there has close inspection of Fiji’s more tant coconut-growing districts "daily Taveuni, Vanua Levu he Lau Islands—but there has no sign of the beetle any : there. So far it is confined A Levu; and the Government, ry intensive restrictions on all unications, will try to keep it ’s main island, where the is at present confined, for 3ly produces only an in simal proportion of Fiji’s total output.

well-known Fijian, Ratu Jki Tayaga, died at Tubou, »a, on October 25. He was o to be well over 100 years e. well remembered incidents in md elsewhere which are now d as history. He claimed to known Rev. David Cargill and Wm. Cross, the first mis 'ies in Fiji, and to have at d some of their meetings, u Josateki was one of Maafu’s nants, when Maafu was the

viceroy of the Lau Group, and accompanied him on several of his war expeditions.

He married four times, and is sur vived by his fourth wife, Rai, whom he married in 1935. A descendant, Josua Bogidrau, is in charge of the Public Relations Office Fijian broad cast programmes.

The most remarkable feature of the Suva earthquake, in September, was the collapse of a large section of the coral reef along this part of the coast of Viti Levu. It was as if the side of the reef facing the open sea had broken off and slid away into deep water. Then the following tidal wave picked up some of the fragments and threw them back on top of the reef and, in some cases, over into the lagoons. Photo (by Fiji PRO) shows Captain James, Dr. Skiha and Mr.

Wellman out on the reef opposite Suva, examining one of the great cracks which opened in the reef, and some of the reef fragments.

In Suva

SUVA, November 2.

Irs. Ann Bernard was beaten In the r a Ward by-election on October 31, Mr. A. D. Leys. Mr. R. Spowart, > had lost the seat in the annual lloting-out”, tailed the poll. Voting: D. Leys, 169; Ann Bernard, 67; R. wart, 42. i the contest for the Indian Samabnla rd seat, Dr. Ram Lakham (the only ian Councillor who did not walk out September 22) scored a remarkable

win, despite a sometimes virulent cam paign against him. Possibly some of the more venomous attacks—based mainly on allegations that he had “sold out to the Europeans,’’ “lowered the dignity of the Indians’’ and “damaged the Indian fight for equality” overreached themselves.

Voting: Ram Lakham, 319; N. L. Verma, 168; A. G. Akhtar. 148; L. P. Sawalia, 41; G. Singh, 11.

For the Indian Suva Ward, A. I. N.

Deoki polled 316 votes, and R. D. Sharma (the former member) 286.

W. E. Goodsir was returned unopposed for the Suva Ward European seat.

While a very large crowd looked on, the Governor of Fiji, Sir Ronald Garvey, on October 9, proclaimed Suva a City.

Immediately afterwards, he signed the proclamation. The Mayor, Councillor D.

M. N. McFarlane, is a formal witness.

Mr. William M. Caldwell,

0.8. E.

Mi-. William M. Caldwell died in iva on October 12, aged 67. He is born in Fiji where he joined e Government service in 1903 and :er was in succession, Postmaster, vuka, Revenue Officer at the easury, District Commissioner of la and Colo East and Assistant mmissioner of Inland Revenue, >m which position he retired in U.

Mr. Caldwell was a past president the Suva Defence Club and was arded the OBE in 1944. rle was closely associated with the jparations for the arrival of ngsford Smith’s Southern Cross its trans-Pacific flight in 1928. was also associated with the iture of Count von Luckner at ikaya Is,, Fiji, during the First )rld war.

Mr. Caldwell is survived by a son the Fiji Police and by three jghters.

Adame Henriette Ceran

Jerusalemy

Madame Henriette Ceran-Jerus my died at Tahiti recently fol ring a fall and the fracture of an n. She was 80.

Ihe was born at Raiatea, and was i grandmother of Monsieur J. B.

'an-Jerusalemy, President of the >emblee Territoriale of French sania.

Mr. Charles Gifford

Hr. Charles Gifford, a resident of hiti for over 20 years, died in innell, lowa, USA, earlier this r, according to advice just re -’ed. Mr. Gifford, who returned bis homeland only last year, was years of age.

Mr. Joseph Gibson

Ir. Joseph Gibson, manager of Grand Hotel, Papeete, died of a rt attack recently. He was 51. [e is survived by his wife, for :ly a Miss Adams, and several Idren.

I Adame Blanche Marie

Furoa Tehonotuahitu

Lagarde

[adame Blanche Marie Puroa lonotuahitu Lagarde died at >eete on September 25. well known resident of French ania, she was born at Taiohae, rquesas in 1895.

Mr. F. W. Clark

(ell known over many years as engineer on Papuan coastal jels, and popular from Samarai Dam, Mr. Frederick Windred rk died in Brisbane on October aged 64, following a heart col se. (hen Captain A. S. Fitch, in I, took to £»apua the little trad

ing steamer Queenscliffe —from which sprang the now big Steam ships Trading Co. Ltd.—Fred Clark was engineer in charge. Later, he took up land in the Kerema dis trict, and planted up Koaru Planta tion —which he sold to the LMS on the outbreak of World War 11. He acted as relief engineer on coastal ships on many occasions. Since the war, he had been in business in Brisbane, and was chief engineer on the pilot ship Matthew Flinders.

He leaves a widow and a grown-up family.

Sister Beatrice Devenish

Meares

Old Rabaul residents will be sorry to hear of the death of Sister Beatrice Devenish-Meares, who looked after so many of them when they were patients in the Namamla Hospital. Miss Meares left the Territory some time before the in vasion and was engaged in nurs ing in New Zealand and later in Newcastle' (NSW). She died in Syd ney on October 22, at the age of 59.

Mrs. John Grant

Mrs. John Grant, wife of Mr. J. F.

Grant, died in Suva on October 30 after a long illness. She was born at Nausori 62 years ago.

She was a vice-president of the Girl Guides’ Association, and of the Suva Basketball Association, and was also a strong supporter and active Committee member of the British Red Cross Society, She was a former president of the Istri Seva Sabha.

Mrs. Grant is survived by her husband, a son, Mr. Edward Grant, two daughters, Mrs. J. B. Singh, of

Suva, and Sister Mary Monica, now in Los Angeles, California, and 12 grandchildren.

Mrs. A. Irvine

The death occurred in Sydney in July, and has just now been re ported to us, of Mrs. Alec Irvine, of “Malaqereqere,” Singatoka, Fiji.

She went to Fiji to live in 1907 and at different times lived in Lautoka, Ba and Nadi, as well as Sigatoka.

Her husband was the son of a former Attorney-General in Fiji, and died in 1951 Mrs. Irvine went to Sydney to live after his death.

She was a very fine woman, well known for her patriotic work. Re sidents of Fiji remember how she won a walking competition at the Singatoka Hotel after she had passed her 80th birthday.

Mr. Homer L. Baker

Mr. Homer L. Baker, staff economist for the Trust Territory of Micronesia, died in Honolulu on September 8, aged 43. He had been chief economic adviser for the Territory for two years and had served as US Representative on the Research Council of the South Pacific Commission, at Noumea.

Mrs. J. C. Collins

Mrs. J. C. Collins, widow of the late Mr. J. C. Collins, of Suva, died in Sydney on October 21, aged 87.

Mrs. Collins arrived in Fiji with her parents in 1870, and was pre sent at the signing of the Deed of Cession at Levuka in 1874. She left Suva shortly after her husband’s death 30 years ago. She is survived by two sons and a daughter, all of Sydney.

By Indo. Chaos

AUSTRALIAN newspaper reports in early November indicated no lessening in the chaotic politico economic conditions which are causing revolutionary uprisings in Indonesia.

The reports showed three main areas of disaffection Northern Sumatra, where forces of the official army have been trying for six weeks to suppress a large rebellion by ex treme Islamic forces; Western Java, where bandit chiefs are said to have entered into an alliance with the fanatical Dar-ul-Islam sect; and a large section of the Celebes [slands.

It is almost impossible to make sharp distinctions between the /arious parties seeking power in [ndonesia —but they appear mainly to consist of the official (or Re- Dublican, or Nationalist) party, vhich nominally controls the Gov ernment ; large sections of rebelli ous Moslems, plus parties of dis organised banditry; and a kind of rrade Union organisation which is /ery deeply penetrated by Com nunism.

These parties overlap and mix in ill directions. The one factor that itands out clearly is the growing weakness of the official Govern ment as compared with the increased itrength of the dissident Moslems md the Communists (who are nutually antagonistic).

New Guinea especially, and the south Seas generally, are affected »y these developments, because In lonesia provides a natural bridge letween Asia and the South Pacific, md especially because there is ilways a possibility that this irre ponsible Indonesian Government, n a last desperate bid for power, (ml try to unite Indonesia in an i.ttack upon the Dutch administra ion in Western New Guinea. rHE present Indonesian adminis tration (formed in August after the collapse of the Wilipo “Gov ernment”) has on several occasions ately issued belligerent statements nsisting that Western New Guinea lelongs of right to Indonesia, and he Dutch must get out. It is quite jossible that, if it had the forces ivailable, this set-up would make a ormal move against Western New >uinea—thus precipitating a crisis yhich would involve Australia, Jmted States and the United Nations —but it is in such a state >f disorganisation that it is probably ncapable of making such a move.

The danger is there, however, md the indications are that the J owers immediately concerned—the Netherlands, Australia, and India— ire conscious of it.

I/|EANWHILE. some Australian -Tl newspapers have had special reporters in Dutch New guinea and, from the material they

have supplied, we gather the follow ing interesting facts: Estimated indigenous native popu lation: 1,000,000.

Estimated native population in controlled areas: 200,000.

Principal centres of administra tion and development: Hollandia, Manokwari, Marauke, Fak Fak and Klamano and Sorong (headquarters and port respectively of the new oil-field developed by the Nether lands-New Guinea Petroleum Co., which now has in operation 20 wells, producing about £270,000 tons per annum, valued at about £1,000,000 Australian).

Labour—Native supplies quite in adequate, with the result that native workers are getting ten times more per month than in Australian New

Guinea, and large numbers of Indo nesians have been brought in.

Private enterprise is not being encouraged to the extent expected, apart from the oil-field. The country has resources of gold, silver, nickel, tin, lead, iron and sulphur —but nrospecting licences are not issued freely, and only to Dutch sub jects.

There are approximately 10,000 Dutch and Eurasians (mostly from Indonesia) in Western New Guinea, and a few thousand Indonesian labourers. The cost of living is ex tremely high. The Administration collects large amounts in direct in come tax and in duties, and the Netherlands Government makes large grants to encourage develop ment.

(From Our Own Correspondents in the Territory)

Papua Aliens In Line With

New Guinea Aliens

T H taance Alien m? egiS in'f tion P ff r

1 Slhout and New

Guinea on November 1.

It is now compulsory for Aliens over 16 to register within a month; a great number of the people affected are in the Missions or are medical officers working throughout the Territory, They must supply their addresses and occupations and inform the registering office whenever they change their locality or their occupation.

There is believed to be a strong security background behind the

altofare asked if thf aXfnt°of

ml ™ ary ser vjce ‘hey may have had The new Ordinance is the first £ or Pa P ua .. where aliens have not k oo * l r £ qi V£ ed register before, although they have been required register in New Guinea. It is one of those Ordinances which rile some ?* d residents of Papua that is, it is "designed to bring Papua into line with New Guinea.”

Before aliens leave Australia for the Territory they will be asked to

supply photographs of themsee and to fill in their registrar forms. This is to relieve the pic sure of work in the Territory, i to avoid any delays to new arriw

Modernsing Of Territoc

Telephone Services

There are big plans in the air' expansion of the telephone sys< throughout Papua and New Guii in the next few years. Only del' likely will be caused by a lag in livery of equipment.

Some of the plans include: • A new trunk route between H Moresby and Sogeri. • A complete automatic telephr exchange for Port Moresby^ • Possible public trunk link tween Wau and Bulolo. • Laying of underground cab at Rabaul, Lae and Madai.

The new trunk route betw?

Port Moresby and Sogeri already started. The Post Office i pects to complete it in aboutd months. The line will be erectedfc steel poles and will replace the army line, which is in poor conu ion.

This line will become more ; portant as Moresby developma expands outwards along the rn towards Sogeri.

Installation of underground phr cables has almost been finished!: Port Moresby, and will give sa scribers a more trouble-free s vice. The old Army lines have d<L a good job, and the marvel is td the Post Office has been able s hold them together over all thl years of heavy work.

All the underground cables shoo be installed by the time the n Moresby automatic exchange is erating. Delivery is expected at end of 1954, and will go into new building to be put up at back of the present Port Mores Post Office. Besides the automsx central exchange, which will hri provision for 2,000 lines, there t be two satellite exchanges at Koo dobu and Boroko. These will hri 1,000 lines each.

Between Wau and Bulolo ted will take place to see if it is possia for a V.H.F. link to be establish to take public trunk calls. Equji

nt will be obtained for the sys i if the tests prove successful, 'he underground cables to be laid Rabaul, Lae and Madang, will be ialled in the next two years, ierground cables will mean that towns will be ready for auto tic exchanges when the equip it is available, and when it is ided that the traffic warrants it. s getting telephone connections P-NG manual exchanges appears ie several degrees more infuria ; than getting manual exchange elections anywhere, the change lutomatic will probably result in mass lowering of the blood sure of Territorians generally.

Siccated Coconut Still

“Frozen”

octor Michael Wilson, leading tralian Bacteriologist, inspected coconut mills in Papua in Dber, with the object of finding how desiccated coconut from ua became contaminated. He le his investigation with the stance of the Territory’s Health ;ctor, Dr. J. Gunther. (Papuan »nut is suspected of having sed an outbreak of typhoid in bralia in August.) r. Wilson thinks that bush rats r be the cause of the contamina . He trapped some of the rats took specimens with him to bralia for laboratory examina . In a statement, Dr. Gunther that the four desiccated mills ?-NG were infested with bush that desiccated coconut at ted them like magnets, r. Wilson will return to the Ter ry in November to continue his stigations on rats as the con inating agent. He will also look other sources of possible con ination. le ban on the export of desic d coconut from the Territory inued, meanwhile, and mills are ig thousands of pounds. (In V alone about 6,000 packs Of >s. each, worth a conservative )00, are still “frozen”.)

Icoration Presented To

Planter

planter, Clendyn Edwin Searle, wala, Fapua, received the M.B.E. ih he won for outstanding work ng the Mount Lamington dis r, at an investiture by the Gov )r-General, Field Marshal Sir iam Slim, at Port Moresby on )ber 19. wring the eruption Mr. Searle ained at his wireless transmitter despite stone and pumice ; showers and kept the link to ; Moresby open.

Former Angau Chief

Returns On Visit

ajor-General B. M. Morris, the ler G.O.C. of ANGAU, visited Territory on October 15 after an ;nce of seven years. He was one ie official guests at the unveiling lemonals in P-NG war cemeter (Overleaf)

here was a guard-of-honour of members of the P.1.R., and a e group of personal friends to :ome him back. He now lives in rement m Victoria.

Irchbishop Duhig Lays

Swak Foundation Stone

tie Roman Catholic Archbishop Brisbane, Doctor Duhig, aged 84, ;ed the Territory in October, had a few interesting com [ts to make on the things he s made his visit to bless the idation stone for Wewak’s first ledral, which will be built by Society of the Divine Word, le Missionary Fathers of this r had a flourishing mission in rak before the war, but bombs ced it to rubble. They started hard task of rebuilding after ivar and invited Dr. Duhig to the fruits of their work. The ledral will take about a year to plete and will cost £15,000. •. Duhig said he found the yes in New Guinea, especially nd Wewak, to be intelligent ile and willing to work. He said while there he saw many of i coming home “without cere y” from periods of recruitment, he felt that this must have ipted family life. He advocated ter terms of recruitment.

Sinking Of Stc Ship

le 56-foot “K” boat Kone sank ier moorings in Port Moresby our on October 16. She was ifing a cargo of 30 tons of copra rubber, but this was all taken ind dried out. le Port Moresby Fire Brigade assistance by pumping out the so that she could be taken to slipway. Not much harm done; is owned by Steamships Trad 2ompany, and was put into ser a lew days after the mishap.

Territory P.S.A.

The Council of the Public Ser vice Association in the Territory decided at the end of October to set up a sub-committee to investi gate the cost-of-living. The idea is for the committee to arrive at a cost-of-living figure for P-NG a difficult business at any time.

The cost-of-living in the Terri tory is a perennial subject for dis cussion and particular interest was attached to the abolition of quar terly basic wage adjustments in Australia. At the end of October it was not known in the Territory exactly what effect this would have on Territory public servants.

The South Pacific Post has been carrying out its own survey on a cost-of-living figure. But figures seem to vary with different house holders.

Road Contract For

Quarries Limited

Quarries Limited of Port Moresby, in late October, was awarded a Commonwealth Works Department contract, worth £33,000, for the con struction of roads, water-mains and storm-water drainage, in the Ili- Dorina sub-division of Lawes Road, Port Moresby. Contract time is 40 weeks.

Land Available At Lae

On November 7, tenders closed for the lease of approximately 200 acres of agricultural land on the Lae- Nadzab Road, about 5 miles from Lae. Lease is 99 years, and the proceedings created quite a lot of interest. ff Mr. J. L. Macduff, a senior magis trate in Fiji, who has been stat ioned in the Colony since 1945, was recently appointed a Puisne Judge in Kenya.

South Pacific Commission : Technical Papers

The following Technical Papers are available from the South Pacific Commission. The series includes seleo project reports and papers previously given restricted distribution as Supplements to Progress Reports Coic of all papers listed may be procured from the South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New clledonia or from South Pacific Commission, G.P.O. Box 5254, Sydney, Australia. Except where otherwise stated, price per »■ is 2/- stg., post free by surface mail.

1. The Co-operative Movement in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands. By H. E. Maude. February, 1949. 31 pp. 2. Community Development. March, 1950. 27 pp biblio graphy. 3. The Village Library. April, 1950. 9 pp., book list. 4. Visual Aids in Education in the South Pacific. By A L Moore, Visual Aids Consultant. Commonwealth Office of Education. April, 1950. 58 pp. 5. Fisheries and Animal Health Research Projects of Signi ficance for the South Pacific Region, conducted under the authority of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia. May, 1950. 9 pp. 6. A Preliminary List of Economic Plants of New Caledonia.

By J Barrau, Director of Agriculture, New Caledonia July, 1950. 10 pp. 7. A Preliminary List of Plants Introduced into Tahiti.

July, 1950. 21 pp. 8. Insect Pests in the Wallis Islands and Futuna. Extract from a report by F. Cohic, Entomologist, Institut Francais d Oceanie. July, 1950. 30 pp. 9. Report of Plant and Animal Quarantine Conference, Suva.

Apul, 1901. 24 pp., two annexures. ■ W ** f 95i U ° Sl l 5 Ph pp 0f c °-°P erati °n in the South Pacific. April, “‘ S,*™ f ße P° r . ts » n Moturiki (Fiji) Community De » Pl °u C ' By Howard Hayden, Director of Edu cation, Fiji. May, 1951. 48 pp. 12 ' In vestigations by the South Pacific Commis sion in 1950. May, 1951. 124 pp. 13. Vocational Training Facilities in Australia for Students from south Pacific Territories. May, 1951 Bpp

“• jSssnsssss ssr ars*. 1 *?

15 stt&tesst pSu

-19 PP., bibliography. (Price 5/- stg^ Smg August, 1951.

• gitis ■MTA ‘VT TS

19. Report on Copra Grading. November. 1951, 20 pp is'""'" WO,kerS ‘ n ihe South Pacle '- December. 1951. 31 z- s °« n „th%”c v r ora 5 »«*•—. o, st P s^h°y ceanie - = ssrse 3 " Sher h S emi ßy^ C “E P pele“ JV' , N ' W mission. February, 1952. ’*7 pp t( South Pacific Com -23. Nutrition Research Conducted in n .L , By Sheila Malcolm, nutritionist SSh H p«pSi* 8 urmg: 1951.

April, 1952. 51 pp., graphs P4C, * C c °®”fcslon.

C. j”' Austto, l D?recTor° n Makogal la Ltp?o , sy N H r “' t ßy Dr ' April, 1952. 8 pp„ table, Jraph, map y Hospltal - «JI.

25. Report of Fisheries Conference, Noumea. Mav 1952 pp., appendices. ••6. Further Education in the Cook Islands. By P. F H folo 011, ® fficer for Further Education, Cook Islands. j, 1952. 13 pp. 27. A Survey of Leprosy in the British Solomon Islands I tectorate. By Dr. C. J. Austin, Director, Make: Leprosy Hospital, Fiji. July, 1952. 12 pp., map. 28. Coral as a Building Material. July, 1952. 10 pp biW graphy. 29. Current Research in the South Pacific in the Fieldb Economic Development. July, 1952. 82 pp., map. 30. Bibliography of Cargo Cults and other Nativistic Mol „ ln the Sou th Pacific. By Ida Leeson. forn Mitchell Librarian. July, 1952. 16 pp., map. 31. Cocoa Plantation Management in Western Samoa.

D. R. A. Eden, General Manager, New Zealand Repas tion Estates, and W. L. Edwards, Assistant Gen«i Manager. October, 1952. 20 pp., diagrams. 32. Types of Organisation in Adult and Mass Literacy Wo By D. B. Roberts, Organiser for Island Literature Soo Pacific Commission. August, 1952. 10 pp. 33. A Survey of Malaria in the British Solomon Islands PI tectorate. By Dr. R. H. Black, School of Public Heas; and Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney. NdvemWj 1952. 38 pp., appendices. 34. Rhinoceros Beetle Control in the Kingdom of Tonga.

L. J. Dumbleton, Plant and Animal Quarantine Offlof South Pacific Commission. November, 1952. 7 pp. 35. The Purari Delta—Background and Progress of Coo munity Development. November, 1952. 37 pp, 36. Cocoa Growing in Fiji Islands. By D H Urquhan *°™ner ° irector of Agriculture, Gold Coast. Decemhfi 1952. 20 pp., map, appendices. 37. Cocoa Growing in Netherlands New Guinea. By D.

Urquhart, former Director of Agriculture, Gold Coa3( January, 1953. 14 pp., maps, appendix. 38. Coffee Growing in New Caledonia. By D. H. Urquhasj former Director of Agriculture, Gold Coast. Januae 1953. 27 pp., maps, appendix. 39. Cocoa Growing in Western Samoa. By D. H. Urquhan former Director of Agriculture, Gold Coast. Januae 1953. 22 pp., maps, appendices. 40. Cocoa Growing in New Hebrides. By D. H. Urquhasi former Director of Agriculture, Gold Coast. Janua-B 1953. 30 pp., appendices, map. 41. Social Problems of Non-Maori Polynesians in New Ze5 land By Rev. R. L. Challis, Pastor of the Pacro Islanders Congregational Church in New Zealand. ruary, 1953. 15 pp., bibliography. 42. The Co-operative Movement in Papua and New Guimn Prepared by the Registry of Co-operative Societies, Pt<3 Moresby. February, 1953. 28 pp., sample' co-operat-Jj society records. 43. Research in Queensland on Tropical Plant and Animn Industries. By J. Barrau, Technical Officer, South Pacio Commission. May, 1953. 70 pp., illust., maps, appendicoi 44 ‘ he .^ Use of the Vernacular in Teaching in the Souk Pacific. By G. J. Flatten, Education Officer, Papua as New Guinea. June, 1953. 34 pp., appendices. 45. The Nimboran Community Development Project. By IT J. van Baal, Director of the Bureau of Native Affaiis Netherlands New Guinea. June, 1953. 42 pp man chart, appendices.

Tahiti

moderates Regain Control

R Tahiti correspondent reports some further lively political ievelopments in French Oceania, i October 17, following an ex rdinary session of the Terri -1 Assembly to elect a Councillor represent French Oceania in s, it was announced that Mr. ,n-Jerusalemy, President of the mbly, had won the vote, 15 }. zzled, the Poroi supporters, fol ig a meeting, declared that ;thing was amiss, le Chief of Police thereupon acted an investigation, and took n statements from the Poroi orters as to their vote, was then announced that the i representative, Mr. Anthelme lard, had won the vote, 13 2. the same session, a vote was n in the Assembly on the er of French Oceania becoming epartment of France, a move h Mr. Ceran-Jerusalemy had igly advocated in his recent to France. le Assembly rejected the pro 1, 15 to 10, whereupon Mr. n-Jerusalemy resigned. Hi s 5 as President was taken by Poroi party member, M. Ilari, M. Poroi as Vice-President, e Assembly, though headed now ;he Moderates (of which Mr. i, Mayor of Papeete, is head) has a majority of members of les and groups which were i in the elections earlier this with Mr. Pouvanaa a Oopa’s ocratic Assembly Party, of which Ceran-Jerusalemy is second-in nand.

Ceran-Jerusalemy, protesting ist the recount of votes in the -mentioned issue, left for ice on October 30 to report the ; to the Assembly in Paris when eets on December 10.

Governor Petitbon

Returns

PULAR Governor Petitbon will •eturn to Papeete in November, [t had earlier been predicted after furlough in France, he d go elsewhere. Mr. Poroi, or of Papeete, when in Paris itly, is understood to have ?d a special plea that Mr. ;bon be reappointed, and this is now to have taken effect. . Michel Petit, with Madame ; and son Didier, left Tahiti per L for France on leave early her. They expect to be absent i Papeete for 8 months.

<Unless otherwise stated, quotations are in Australian currency)

Copra

(The following are based on the MOP contract prices for 1953 in the Territories named.) PAPUA-NEW GUINEA.—Copra Market ing Board rates: Main ports. Hot air, £7O per ton; FMS, £69/5/-; Smoked. £66/10/ —at main ports (except Kokopo, where rates are 17/6 less). Sydney crushers pay: Plantation Hot-air; £9l; FMS, £9l; Smoked, £9O.

FIJI.— At Suva and Levuka, 1953: Plantation grade (60 points and over)

£F66/5/6 per ton; PMS (45-571/ 2 points) £F66; other grades £P64/15/-- £F62/15/-.

W. SAMOA.—MOP contract is £Stg.6s per ton, f.0.b., Western Samoa; producers receive about £lO less.

BSl.—Prices based on MOP contract of £Stg.6s, per ton, f.o.b. Rates to pro ducers are: £A62/3/4 per ton, delivered Honiara; £A63/3/4. delivered Tulagi or Yandina; £A62/18/4, delivered Gizo.

COCOA.—lslands prices are usually based on rate for Accra cocoa (W.

Africa), quotation (from Colyer Watson Ltd., Sydney) for which on November 6 was £Stg.3oo (£A375 approx.) c.i.f., ton, Cont. ports.

N.G.— £315 approx, per ton, in store, Sydney.

Samoa.—Sydney agents in November quoted Samoan cocoa at £Stg.29o ( £A362/10/- approx.) f.o.b. per ton, first grade. (Samoan currency equals Stg.).

COFFEE.—P.NG, 5/3 per lb. Price is expected to drop owing to overseas com petition now that coffee is no longer a restricted import into Australia.

New Caledonia.—Crop mainly ex ported to France. Recent quotation was 398 Metrop. francs per kilo (£ASI3 approx, per long ton).

RUBBER.—This market has weakened rapidly over the past month. Papua-New Guinea.—Price based on Singapore figure which fluctuates from day to day. Quota tion on November 9 was 25-2/3d Aust. lb. Singapore rate November 9 No. 1 grade RSS (sellers) spot 55-1/Sc. lb cif (approx. 23-l/3d Aust. lb.).

VANILLA BEANS. —Sydney nominal quotations (by Victor Karp, Tulk & Co ) • Tahiti; White Label 47/-, Yellow, 47/all per lb, c.i.f. Sydney. No Green available at present.

RlCE.—Price' for 1953 - 1954; Papua - N.G.—Dry brown £9O per ton; Dressed £96 per ton. Other Pacific Is., except NZ dependencies, £96 per ton.

PEARL SHELL.—Prices fixed between Torres Strait producers and Otto Gerdau Co. I USA) for 1953-1954; AA/A/B grades, 85c lb. ( £ AB5O approx, per long ton); C 80c lb. (£ A 800); D, 55c lb. (£ASSO); e’ 40c lb. (£ A 400); EE, 30c lb. (£A3OO) all c.i.f., New York. No change from

last season. Manihiki blackllp —i market firm at 35-37 cents U.S. . f.0.b., Rarotonga; producers currn ceive 1/9 lb. Aust. (approx. £Af ton). Tuamotu blacklip.— £ASOO New York; divers receive 47 Pao. per kilo. (£A336 per long ton) oo

Trochus Shell.—Market U

Sydney at present. NG, £;: (highest post war price) per wharf, less rejects. Fiji, £165 f.0.b., Suva.

Green Snail Shell.—Little ‘

in Sydney lately. NG., £2lO pen wharf, less rejects. NH., £205 f.e.b. BSI, No. 1 grade £l7O- £2 2 £BO per ton, both ex-wharf.

PEANUTS.—P-NG: No sales inx lately owing to competition from Australian and overseas nuts..i recent price 1/6 per lb.

London Prices:

LONDON, Septemtf Copra, c.i.f., Continental Ports,b New Hebrides . . . . 84,500 Metros (approx. .

Tahiti 87,500 Metron (approx. £AI.

PM Straits, Oct.-Nov (approx. .

Philippines, bulk (approx. .

Coconut Oil, c.i.f., ton:— FM Straits, 3 Vz r /o drums ... * (approx. £AIT Ceylon, bulk, Oct.-Nov i (approx. £AII Cocoa, per 50 kilos, c.i.f., , Continental Ports;— Accra, December £Stg; (£ A 267 approx, per 100

Islands Mining Sht

Fiji

Aug., 1939, , Oct. 1 I Emperor . b9/ll bl6/3 If Loloma , .

S25/6 b27/9 s

Papua-New

Guinea

Bulolo G.D. bI24/b53/- S2 Mandated All b3/8 s6d se N.G.G, Ltd. bl/IO b2/l W Oil Search .

S3/11 b4/ll hi Oriomo Oil . b5/b3/- S3 Papuan Apin b4/ll bl/1 bcf Placer Dev. b68/6 s340/- S3 Sandy Creek .. bl/5 b3d w

FlJl.—Through BANK OF NSW BANK and BANK OF NZ. Australia x oasis £lOO Fiji: Buying, £ AIII/2/6; :; £AII3. Fiji-London. basis £lOO U B. £llO/12/6; S. £ll2. NZ-Fiji, basß, NZ: B. £lll/11/9; S. £llO/4/3.

SAMOA.— Through BANK OO Australia on Samoa, basis £lOO

B. £ A123/12/6; S. £Ai24/10/9.

London, basis £lOO Londonc £lOO/7/6; S. £lOl/10/-. Sam basis £lOO NZ: B. £100; S. £IU Samoa-Fiji, basis £lOO Samoa: 8..£ S. £llO.

Papua-Ng—Commonwealth

(branches Port Moresby, Lae, I Madang), BANK OF NSW (branclric Moresby, Lae, Bulolo, Rabaul, M/L agency: Wau) and ANZ BANK 2 Moresby) quote exchange rate Au,n Papua-NG: 10/- per £lOO.

Bsi.—Commonwealth Bank (I

at Honiara) quotes exchange ratdj traiia-BSI: 10/- per £lOO.

Fit. PACIFIC COLONIES.—Pacific o most valuable of the three franc o in French Union, are used in New donia, New Hebrides, and Fr. OO FRENCH BANK (Comptoir N/.

D’Escompte de Paris) in Sydney (nominally): 140 Pac. fr. to £Ausjl Pac. fr. to £stg.; 64 Pac. fr, to UIU