Pacific Islands Monthly - 1 July 1953

Pacific

Monthly

July, 1953

Vol. Xxiii. No. 12

TO 1

transmiss\on by post as a newspaper]

THIS is the

Church choir of the Lon on Missionary Society at Hanua [?]ada Village, near Port Moresby. Al though the male Papuans are the most dressed of all Papua - New Guinea natives (they settle for a lava-lava on the New Guinea side, while the Papuans often wear long trousers and a shirt) the young Papuan women still wear only a grass skirt. The Papuan girls have good figures, a graceful carriage and, with their pale skin, are much prettier than their New Guinea sisters who wear an unbecom ing Mother Hub bard and rarely merit a second glance. Papuan girls get plenty of glances.

Photo by Bernd Lohse.

There now are comparatively few ship ping lines running on regular time-tables n the Pacific Islands. The following time uuies are only approximately correct— they are subject to much alteration at chort notice:—

Sydney-Papua-N. Guinea

MV Bulolo, modern liner, sails about wery six weeks: Sydney-Brisbane-Moresby (amarai - Lae - Madang - Manus - Rabaul samarai-Moresby-Brisbane-Sydney.

Last departure from Sydney July 1.

Next sailing early August.

MV Malekula left Sydney on July 10 for jamarai, Rabaul, Manus, Wewak, Madang, iae, Samarai and return to Sydney.

Details from Burns Phllp & Co. Ltd., 7 bridge Street, Sydney.

MV Shansi and MV Sinkiang, modern ,000 tons vessels, now leave every six eeks approximately (making a three- I'eekly service): Sydney-Brisbane-Port loresby-Madang-Rabaul, Port Moresby, ydney. Shansi sailed from Sydney in ,ite June and after this trip, it will be rithdrawn for refit, being replaced by nochow which will sail from Sydney bout July 21. Sinkiang will sail from ydney about August 11.

Details from New Guinea Australia Line 3. S. Yuill & Co., Ltd., agents), 6 Bridge t.. Sydney.

I. Zealand-Fiji-Samoa-Tonga

Motor vessels Tofua and Matua, from ew Zealand, serve Suva (Fiji), Nufcua fa and Vavau (Tonga), Niue Is., Pago ago (American Samoa), Apia amoa). Tofua leaves Auckland for any • all of above ports at approx, five weeks .tervals. Matua calls at Wellington and irttelton (NZ), Lautoka (Fiji) and sup ements Tofua’s schedule in Islands, filing at ports as directed by owners.

Tofua leaves Auckland on next voyages about August 4 and September 1.

Matua will leave Auckland on her next voyage on August 22. She then withdraws for survey.

N. Zealand-Cook Is.

The NZ Government’s old motor vessel Maui Pomare is scheduled to leave Auck land every month for Rarotonga and other Islands in the lower Cooks, subject to requirements of trade. This vessel carries 30 passengers and will provide, for the next several months, a connection between

Rarotonga and Aitutaki for the benefit of passengers travelling on TEAL Coral Route.

Full details on application to NZ Government Department of Island Terri tories in Wellington, or to any office of the Union SS Co. of NZ, Ltd., which Company acts as Agent for this vessel at some ports.

Sydney-New Hebrides-BSi-

Rabaul, Etc.

MV Malaita makes a round trip at about 8-weeks intervals from Sydney to

Lord Howe-Norfolk Is.-New Hebrides pZ r fc RSI norts - Bougainville - Rabam - Ramarai-Sydney Bamarai oyuiA * Next sailing from Sydney ea y g .

Details from Burns Philp & Co., 7 Bridge Street. Sydney. , - , . T .

Sydney-N. Caledonia- 1 anitl

Vessels of Messageries Maritimes Line, coming from Marseilles, via West Indies amd Panama, call about every six weeks at Papeete. Vila (New Hebrides).

Noumea and Sydney, and return by same route. Details from Messageries Maritimes. Luxurious new liners Caledonien

and Tahitien recently added to this service.

Small motor-ships Polynesien (Messa censs Maritimes) and Neo Hebrldais (H. c Ltd.) maintain fairly regular service between Noumea and Sydney. .

N. America-nji-Hebrides, etc.

Norwegian motor vessel Thorsisle, carry ing cargo and passengers maintains a regu lar service between North American ports and French Oceania Samoa, Fiji. New Caledonia and New Hebrides.

Details from General Steamships Cor poration Ltd., H 2 California St., San Francisco.

Trans Pacific Services

1. Australia (or NZ)-Fiji-

Hawaii-N. America

By Pan-American Airways

With Strato Clippers, using Sleeperettes j and Berths Thur. and Mon.—Sydney-Nadi (FIJI) - Canton Is.-Honolulu-S. Francisco-Seattle-!

Portland.

Sun. and Thur.—Return via same route. * Thur. and Mon.—Auckland-Nadi (Fiji).] Every Friday—Return by same route. * Wed. and Sun. —Nadi (Fiji)-Auckland. * Connecting with Strato Clipper at Nadi.

By British Commonwealth Pacific

Airlines (Bcpa)

Wed. and Sat.—Sydney-Nadi (Fiji)-Cantons Is.-Honolulu-S. Francisco-Vancouver. I Mon. and first Thur.—Dep. southwards,! same route. On second or alternate!

Thursday, flight commences at S.

Francisco. fues.—Dep. Auckland-Nadi-Canton-Hono lulu-S. Francisco-Vancouver.

Pri.—Dep. Vancouver and S. Francisco alternatively; thence same route to Auckland.

By Canadian Pacific Airlines

(Cpal)

(With Super DC-6B Aircraft) Every Tuesday—Sydney - Auckland - Nadi (Fiji) - Honolulu - Vancouver.

Sectional Services In

Pacific

2. Sydney-New Guinea

Service by Qantas Empire Airways

Northwards

Tuesdays and Saturdays (Skymasters) l Depart: Arrive: Sydney, 7.30 pm Brisbane, 10.15 pm Brisbane, 11.40 pm Moresby, 6.30 am ‘ (Wed., Sun.) , Moresby, 7.30 am Lae. 8.45 an} Connecting services north of Lae by Drover.

Wednesday and Sundays (Sandringhams) Depart: Arrive: Sydney, 7.30 pm Brisbane, 10.50 pm Brisbane, 12.20 am Cairns, 6.35 am ('Thur., Mon.) Cairns, 8.5 am Moresby, 11.55 am (Night stop) 1 Moresby,* 8.30 am Samarai, 10.30 am (Tue.) Samarai, 11.30 am Esa’ala, 12.10 pm (Alt. weeks) 1 Esa’ala, 12.25 pm Rabaul, 3.25 pm The Wednesday Sandringham froni Sydney terminates at Port Moresby, conj nections north of there (Lae, Wau, Buloloj being by DC3. * The Sunday Sandringham from Sydney arrives Moresby Monday and after a nighj stop there goes on to Rabaul via etc., on Tuesday.

Southwards

Sundays and Wednesdays (Skymaster) I Depart: Arrive: Lae, 10.25 am Moresby, 11.40 am Moresby, 12.40 pm Brisbane, 7.15 pm Brisbane, 8.45 pm Sydney, 11.30 pml Thursdays (Sandringham) Depart: Arrive: Rabaul, 6 am Samarai, 9.15 am Samarai, 9.45 am Moresby, 11.45 am Moresby, 1.15 pm Cairns, 5.5 pm (Night stop) Cairns, 9.30 am Brisbane, 3.45 pm (Pri.)

Brisbane. 4.45 pm Sydney, 8.5 pm Saturdays (Sandringham)

3. N. Guinea Internal

Services

Operated by Qantas

Lae-Manus (Dcs)

MSvery Wednesday. ;jp. Lae, 9.45 am; Finschhaven, Rabaul, Kavieng, Manus (4.45 pm), stums Saturdays (dep. 8 am), via Kavieng and Rabaul; optional call at Pinschhafen; arr. Lae, 2.45 pm.

MORESBY-DARU (Sandringham) ;a Yule Is., Kerema, Wana (optional), Kikorl, L. Kutubu.—Every alternate Friday, returning same day. (July 10, 24, August 7, 21, etc.).

Rabaul-Moewe Harbour

(Sandringham) t. Wed.—Rabaul-Jacquinot Bay-Moewe Harbour-Talasea-Rabaul—July 15, 29, August 12, 26. etc.

N'.B. —The direction of operation changes th each service, i.e., each alternate rvice operates Rabaul-Talasea-Moewe irbour-Jacquinot Bay-Rabaul.

New Britain-Bougainville

(Sandringham) t. Wed.—Rabaul-Queen Carola Hbr.- Biak-Kieta-Buin—July 22. August 5, 19, etc.

Wed. (same day) Buin-Kieta-Buka- Rabaul.

Lae-Mad Ang-Wewak-Manus

Kavieng-Rabaul General

Service

(High-Density DC3) Mon., Thur. Dep. Lae 6.30 am, Madang arr. 7.35 am Wewak, Manus Is., Kavieng, Rabaul arr. 3.35 pm.

Tue. only Dep. Rabaul 8.00 am, direct Madang arr. 11.00 am, Lae arr. 12.35 am. (This is now the only Qantas service to Madang.)

Central Highlands

(Drover) Fridays.—Lae (7.00 am) to Wabag, calling at any of: Nadzab, Kiaipit, Arona, Alyura, Kainantu, Bena Bena, Goroka, Kerowagii Kup, Nondugl, Banz, Minj, Mt. Hagen, Ogelbeng.

Balyer R„ Wabamunda, Wabag. Return to Lae arriving 6 pm.

Lae-Bulolo -Wau (Drover)

Djep. Lae.—Tues. 3 pm.—Mon. & Sat. 7.30 am.

Depart; Arrive: coresby. 6 am Cairns, 9.50 am aims, 11.20 am Brisbane, 5.35 pm irisbane, 6.35 pm Sydney, 9.55 pm iA connection from Lae, etc., with a DC3. pick up Saturday Sandringham, arrives Moresby on Friday at 8.20 am.

ZDep. Wau—Tues. 4.30 pm—Mon. 9.00 am —Wed. 12.35 pm. Direct to Lae in 35 minutes.

Services By Mandated Airlines

With headquarters at Lae, this company •runs regular services for passengers, 1/relght and mails to all New Guinea 'settlements.

4. Aust.-Dutch N. Guinea

By KLM Royal Dutch Airlines.

A weekly service with Constellations oetween Sydney and Amsterdam with a sail at Biak, DNO, and Manila, Philippines.

DC3 aircraft link Biak with Hollandia, Sorong, Merauke and Tannah Merah.

5. N. Guinea-Solomons

By Qantas with DC3 3 Flights Every Four Weeks, Hon. (July 27, Aug. 3, 17, 24, 31, etc.), Lae (dep. 6 am) Finschhafen Rabaul Toroklna (Bougain.) Vellalavella Yandina Honiara, BSI (arriving 4.25 pm). ?ue. (July 28, Aug. 4, 18, 25, etc.), Honiara (dep. 7 am)—Yandina—Vella lavella Torokina Rabaul Pinsch hafen Lae (arriving 3.15 pm).

6. Indo-China-Brisbane-

N. Caledonia

By Air France, Monthly. tonstellation aircraft dep. Saigon, July 12, and every 28 days thereafter for Darwin-Brisbane-Noumea, and return, ■ustralian agents: Messageries Maritlmes.

7. Sydney-Lord Howe Is.

iy Ansett Flying-boat Service, with Sandringhams and Hythes.

Six services per month, return same ay.

8. Sydney-Norfolk Is.

By Qantas, with Skymasters.

Iternate Thursdays (July 16, 30, Aug. 13, 27, etc.), returning same day.

9. Sydney-New Hebrides

By Qantas, with Sandringham Flying Boats: July 20, Aug. 3, 17, 31, etc. (epart: Arrive: ydney, Alt. Mon. 7.30 pm Brisbane, 10.50 pm risbane, 12.20 am (Tue.) Noumea, 7.20 am oumea, 9.20 am Vila, 11.55 am Ua, 1.25 pm Santo, 2.40 pm (Night stop) into, 6.30 am (Wed.) Vila, 7.45 am ila, 8.45 am Noumea, 11.25 am mmea, 1.00 pm Sydney, 8.40 pm (Additional flights operate subject to iproval of Governments concerned.)

10. Sydney-Noumea-Suva

By Qantas with Sandringham Flying Boats—Weekly.

Depart: Arrive: ydney, Thur. 7.30 pm Brisbane, 10.50 pm risbane, 12.20 am (Fri.) Noumea, 7.20 am mmea, 9.20 am Suva, 3.50 pm iva, Sat. 6.30 am Noumea, 11.00 am mmea, 1.00 pm Sydney, 8.40 pm

11. Auckland-Norfolk Is.

By NZ National Airways, with DOS’s ndays—Prom Auckland double service returning same day.

12. Sydney-Auckland

Tasman E. Airways, with Solents ed., Sun.—Dept. Sydney 12 midnight arr. 8.45 am following day.

Sat. —Dept. Sydney 7.30 am, arr. 4.15 pm.

Dep. Auckland 8.30 am, arr. 1.45 pm Mon., Wed., Fri.

13. Sydney-Wellington

Tasman E. Airways, with Solents Dep. Sydney 10.30 pm Tue., Thur.. Fri., Arr 7.30 am following day.

Dep Wellington 10.30 am Wed., Fri., Sat. arriving 3.45 pm.

14. Melbourne-Christchurch

Tasman E. Airways, with DC4 Skymaster Thurs.—Dep. Melb., 10.25 pm; arr. Ch’ch.. 8.15 am next day.

Fri.—Dep. Ch’ch., 11 am; arr. Melb., 5.35 pm.

15. New Zealand-Fiji

See Also Table 18.

Tasman Empire Airways, Ltd., with Solents.

Dep. Auckland—July 28, August 1, 11, 25,

29, September 8, 22, 26. seturn to Auckland on July 29, August 3, 12, 26, 31, September 9, 23, 28.

Depart Arrive juckland, 9.30 am Suva, 4.45 pm lava, 9.00 am Auckland, 4.15 pm

16. Fiji-Western Samoa

See Also Table 18.

Tasman Empire Airways, Ltd., with Solents. )ep. Auckland, July 18, Aug. 15, Sep. 12.

Depart Arrive mck., 9.30 am Sat. Suva, 4.45 pm Sat. .uva, 6.00 am Sun. Apia, 11.05 am Sat. ipia, 1.30 pm Sat. Suva 4.35 pm Sun. tuva, 9.00 am Mon. Auck., 4.15 pm Mon.

18. New Zealand-Tahiti

Tasman Empire Airways, Ltd., with Solents TEAL Service, Auckland-Suva-Apia itutaki-Papeete, is operated with Solent lying-Boats once every two weeks. Dep. nckland, Tuesday, 9.30 am. Arr. Suva 00 pm. Dep. Suva (Wednesday) 9.00 in, cross International Date Line: Arr. pia 1.55 pm Tuesday. Dep. Apia 2.00 :n Wednesday. Arr. Aitutaki 7.30 am. ■ep. Aitutaki 9.30 am. Arr. Papeete 1.30 n. Return by same route every alt. riday, leaving Papeete 7.30 am.

The next flights leave Auckland illy 21, August 4, 18, September 1, 15.

20. Fiji Internal Airways

By Fiji Airways, with twin-engine de Havlland Rapides Suva-Nadi & Lautoka* and return: ornlngs—Dally except Tuesday. After

noons—Daily except Friday.

Suva-Labasa: Daily except Sundays.

Labasa-Suva: Daily except Sunday.

Nadi & Lautoka to Labasa: Every Thursday.

Labasa to Nadi & Lautoka: Every Tuesday.

Suva - Savusavu - Labasa - Savusavu - Suva; Monday, Wednesday, Saturday. * No call on Sundays.

La.M.L. & F. • 127

kA. & N.Z. Bank 123 SAchun, G. . . 30 kAkta-Vite ... 99 iAluminium Ltd. 28

bAmalg. Dairies . 52

kAmplion Pty. . 58

SA. & R. Ltd. . 34 kArdath Co. Ltd. 108 & Springhall . 40 kArnott, Wm. . 100 ‘A SP. Ltd. . . 106

kAspaxadrene . . 27

iAspro 46

kAywun Farm . 137

Bank of NSW . 97 Bank of NZ . 118 Bethell, Gwyn . 132

B.G.E. Co. . . 29

Blaxland Rae . 113 Blundell Spence 98 Brasso ... 7 Bray & Holliday 110 Braybon Bros. . 41 Breckwoldt, W. 109 Breden, W. S. . 114 Broomfields . . 118 Brunton & Co. 65 Bunge Pty. 59, 132 Bunting, A. H. 103 B.P. 11, 77, 99, 124 Burroughs Ltd. 130 Cadbury-Fry . 102 Maine’s Studios 51 Cairns Ship Co. 117 Carpenter, W. R. & Co. 134, cov. iv Carpenter (Fiji) 79 Carr Pountney 78 Cherwood Flats 7 Clae Engines . 115 Classified . . 140 Colgate 48. 84, 131 Colman & Co. 103 Colonial Meat . 44 Colyer Watson (NG) 38, 47, 107 Cooke Bros. . . 91 Crammond Co. . 90 Cunningham, R. 92 Cystex ... 89 Dangar, G. & M. 10 Darling, J. Ltd. 85 Davison Paint . 83 Donaghy & Sons 53 Donald Ltd. 54, 89 Douglass, W. C. 125 Dunlop Rubber 33 Dynon, J., Co. 128 Srskine Stamps 81 St. Donald . . 82 Sveready Pty. . 25 ?errier & Dickin son 112 terd Sherrington 45 Darrett, D. M. 141 Darrick Hotel . 4 Dilbey, W. & A. 61 Dillespie Bros. . 49 DUlespie, R. 1, 31. . 57, 66, 80, 111 Dillette, Ltd. . 32 Dordon’s Gin . 54 Dordon Vale . . 39 Drahame Books 38 D.P.H. (Suva) . 12 Drove Ltd. . 26, 96 B. & R. . . .23 Dart’s Agencies 85 iastings Diesels 86 Dalvorsen, B. . 119 lalvorsens 122, 133 Dardman - Hall 92, 121, 137, 139, 140 Dawleys Ltd. . 116 Deinz & Co. . . 41 Dellaby, R. & W. 93 lerco Pty. 46, 96

Hill & Son . . 57 Holbrooks Ltd. . 42 Hygeia Co. . . 104 Hytest Co. . . 34 Imperial Stores 165 Invincible Motors 88 Is. Industries . 129 Is. Transport . 112 Jacketts Pty. . 23 Karp, Tulk Co. 7 Kasper Refrig. 67 Kassel, P. & N. 137 Kennedy, Capt. 113 Kerr Bros. Ltd. 66 Kerry, M. Pty. . 30 Kiwi Polish . . 9 Kodak Ltd. . . 122 Kopsen & Co. . 35 La Paula . . . 140 Lillis & Co. . . 36 Manning & Os borne . . . 108 Mcllrath’s Ltd. 9 Mendaco . . .11l Millers Ltd. . . 100 Morgan Vernex 37 Morris Hedstrom Ltd. ... 22. 101 Mungo Scott . 109 N. H. Ship Co. . 5 N. & R. Ltd. 65, 117 Needham & Co. 50 NG Aust. Line . 3 Nile Products . 56 Nirex Pty. . 63, 127 Nixoderm . . . 125 Nordman, O. . .49

Nznac ... 6

Oliver-Britstand 126 Pan Pacific Co. 29 P. I. Line ... 4 Presbyterian Schools . . . 132 Qantas . . cov. ii Qld. Milling . . 45 Qld. Insurance 12fB Quirk’s Co. . 24, 82 Raleigh Pres’g. 68 Ransomes Co. . 135 Reed, W. E. 8, 119 Refrig. Inst. Co. 53 Riverstone Co. 136 Robinson, G. H. 42 Rohu, Sil . . . 95 Scott, J. Ltd. . . 50 Seward Ltd. . 61 Shell Co. . . .51 Sims. A. G. . . 2 Smith-Rees . . 5

S.M.P. Co. . . 120

Spruso Co. . . 25 S.T.C. Ltd. . . 87 Stewarts-Lloyds 139 Sthn. Pac. Ins. 87 Sullivan, C., Ltd. 95 S. Pac. Tr. . 139 Tait, W. S. . . 104 Taylor & Co. . 33 T. . cov. iii Thornycroft Co. 121 Tilley Lamps . 43 Tillock & Co. . 64 Tongan Photos 135 Tooth & Co. . . 78 Turners Supply 58 Tusculum ... 3 Tyneside Eng. . 55 United Radio . 91 Vacuum Oil Co. 138 Ventura Co. 114, l\l Vi-Stim ... 133 Warnock Bros. 62 Westfield Meats 60 Williams, Dr. 81 107 Wills, Ltd. ... 94 Winn, B. H. . 131 Wrigley’s ... 62 Wunderlich Co. 135 Yorkshire Ins. . 27

Editorial: “Danger in too Rapid Native Advancement” .. .. 13 Gold Bricks Found at Bulolo .. 15 Raluana Scuffle 15 Dutch Agricultural Experts in

P-Ng 16

Do You Remember? Extracts from PIM of 20 Years Ago .. 16 Changes in Qantas NG Services 17 Editors’ Mailbag 18 Fiji Unskilled Wages Are Too Low 19 Coronation Medals for P-NG .. 20 Producing Tea in NG 21 Value of Islands’ Trade to Australia and NZ 23 Fiji-Indian Troops for Malaya 25 The World Now Has Too Much Sugar—Conference in London 27 Hawaii-Tahiti Air Service in 1954 27 Fiji-Australia Radio Phone .. 27 Fiji-Tonga Air Service .. 29 Crayfish Industry for Dam .. 29 Papeete’s Mayor Well Received In Paris 30 P-NG Legislative Council Meets In July 30 Rhinoceros Beetle—Report from Hebrides and Tahiti 31 Good Kenaf Seed Crop in Papua 32 Enlargement of Papeete Brewery 33 News from the Cooks 34 No Unemployment in Fiji .. 35 CSIRO Survey in Papua .. .. 35 Pakistan Cattle in Papua ... 37

Kovala is Distressingly Costly 38 Some Sidelights on UN Trustee ship 39 Guam’s New Governor Speaks Out 41 Notes from NG Goldfields ... 43 New Governor of Dutch NG .. 45 Beetle Pest Now Widespread in Fiji 46 Interesting Trends in Fiji’s Population 48 Bureaucracy’s Failure in Cook Islands 49 W. Samoa and the Tourist Business 55 Native Co-operatives in the Pacific Islands 57 Standard of Education in Cook Islands 61 Western Samoa Suffers a Liquor Drought 62 The Growing Population of Western Samoa 63 Fiji Anti-TB Fund 65 Samoan Leaders Will See Queen

In Nz 65

Indonesians and Western NG 66 Should Indians and Europeans Go Swimming Together?— The Suva Baths Again ... 67

Magazine Section:

Tropicalities, 69; Mapping the Floor of the Pacific, 71; Eating Our Way Across the Gulf of Papua, 72; Pacific Island Cooking, 76.

Federation of West Indian Islands—Plan Advanced a Step Further 84 News Notes from Tonga .. .. 88 Permanent Reminder of the Japs 89 For Pacific Radio Amateurs .. 91 Modern Whaling As it affects Copra Industry 93 Native Conchologists of the Louisiades 98 Moresby Has a Successful Flower Show 101 Papeete Streets Renamed .. 104 Jobs Not Being Withheld From Nauruans 105 P-NG Public Service Assn. .. 107 NZ’s Tokelau Stamp Racket 108 Interest in YMCA Activities in Moresby 109 Peculiar Economy of New Caledonia 112 News of Small Ships 113 Another Patrol Attacked in NG 127 Historical Society Proposed for Moresby 131 Airways Fuel Installations lii Fiji 133 OBITUARY: Alex. S. Tetzner; Mrs. E. T. Hart; Edward Anderson; A. W. James; William Tarr; Miss Beatrice Grimshaw; Parua Ariki of Atiu; George Crummer, Snr.; T. F. Cody, Sir Guy Pilling; Emile Robert Stein; Madame Pierre Herault 135-139 Commercial, Markets, etc 140

The Newspaper-Magazine of the South Seas Distributed in AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND and the following PACIFIC ISLANDS:

Australian Territories: Papua. Norfolk Is.

Cocos Is.

Aust. Trustee Territories.

New Guinea. Nauru.

British Protectorates: Solomon Is. Tonga.

British Crown Colonies: Fiji. Gilbert & Ellice.

New Zealand Territories: Cook Islands. Niue.

N.Z. Trustee Territory: Western Samoa.

French Territories: New Caledonia. French Oceania.

Anglo-French Condominium: New Hebrides.

United States Territories: Eastern Samoa. Hawaii.

U.S. Trustee Territory: Micronesia (Caroline, Marshall and Mariana).

Dutch Territory: Western New Guinea.

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ficles, Stories, and Photographs dealing ;h Pacific Islands subjects are invited md will be paid for on publication.

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J. P. Short all, P.O. Box 5179 Wellesley St..

Auckland. (Temporarily In Fiji.)

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J. T. Wallis, 13 Rood Lane, London, E.C.3., England.

Agents:

All main trading firms and stores tn the Pacific Islands.

il. XXIII. No. 12.

July, 1953

PRICE: 2/- Per Copy.

Advancement

[EN who knew the Pacific Islands well 20 or 30 years ago do not like what they see in ; Pacific Islands to-day. The tive Islanders, encouraged by a ange new tribe of white sociolog s, are demanding—increasingly d definitely—recognition as in pendent nations, without regard ■ the fact that, in most cases, they 5 not yet fitted for self-govern ait in a world dominated by the actices and culture of Europe. \t the moment of this writing, a ief Judge, in New Guinea, is aling with charges of assault, sing out of what we have called le Raluana scuffle” —a political sident wherein high officials of s Administration were attacked a certain class of New Britain tives. Evidence indicates that ne of the latter resented being led “coons” and “bigheads” by 5 writer of a letter to the Pacific ands Monthly. Yet, 20 years ago, ropeans in New Guinea referred native labourers as “coons,” and ?ressive and insolent natives were nost always called “bigheads,” d treated accordingly * It is a lasure of the changes which fol ded World War II that Melanesian Imitives now are encouraged by tni-official sociologists to resent d resist any suggestion of white periority and white domination.

“Coon," while disrespectful, is not enslve. It is in the same category as )ve” or “coot,” as used on the Sydney terfront.

Little wonder that the “old hands” —men of the type that tamed and civilised these Islands in the past 150 years—find it difficult to get accus tomed to this strange new world!

This unexpected sociological tide is flowing strongly now; it is im possible to stem it, although it may yet be controlled. The flood-gates would have been opened, sooner or later, because these Pacific Islanders have been growing up quite definitely in the past few* decades; but it ought to be done gradually and skilfully. 111-balanced po s t-w a r theorists, rushing in prematurely to do the opening, have caused much embarrassment to some Govern ments. especially those concerned with Melanesian administrations, who are obliged to make haste slowly.

From west to east, in the Pacific Islands, there are fourteen Terri tories—namely, Papua-New Guinea, Solomons, Nauru, New Hebrides, New Caledonia, Fiji, Micronesia (Caroline, Marshall and Mariana archipelagoes), Gilbert and Ellice, Western Samoa, Eastern Samoa, Tonga, Cook Islands, French Oceania—and in nearly all of them there is a problem, at some stage of development, created by the eagerness of the indigenous or the implanted Asiatic communities, to oust the Europeans and take charge of the local administration. The ex ceptions are Fiji, where there is an excellent relationship between British and natives, offset by the Indians’ tendency to seek a larger share in government; Micronesia,

where the comparatively small native population still is grateful for its recent release from the Japanese: Tonga, which has enjoyed virtual independence for 50 years; Gilbert and Ellice, a small community which has a large measure of local self-government; and the New Hebrides, where a small and dispirited Melanesian community has not been heard from, THE U million people in Papua- New Guinea are so primitive, and split by language differences into so many separate communities, that any nationalist movement hitherto has seemed impossible. The Raluana incident, however, indicates that if these communities are encouraged by careless soldiery, or well-meaning but impractical soci ologists, or deliberately plotting Reds, they can display hostility and even resistance towards the white man’s government. It is very easy for the semi-educated “bigheads”, spoiled by official or missionary pampering, to imagine that they are competent to throw off the Euro pean yoke and undertake self government.

As human beings, the New Guinea natives, of course, are entitled to individual freedom and the best things of life; but they may not claim these things completely until they are capable of governing them selves and of maintaining proper relations with their neighbours in this close-knit modern world. The case of Indonesia has shown that even people with some considerable history of culture can be a tragedy to themselves, and a dangerous embarrassment to their neighbours, if permitted suddenly, and without

preparation, to drink without re straint of the heady wine of freedom. A , Only a little while ago the coastal folk of N. Guinea, some now maybe sophisticated and inclined to be in solent, were complete primitives; and two-thirds of the li millions there are still in that classification. Maybe, in two or three generations, they can be brought to a stage where they can be permitted some con siderable degree of self-government.

But, before it is possible even to plan anything of the sort, the Aus tralian-New Guinea Administration must solve the problem of language.

That job necessarily will begin in the village school. To-day, there are very few village schools; an even smaller supply of competent teachers; and no official agreement as yet as to what medium will be adopted for the instruction of the hundreds of thousands of primitive children who now speak an ex traordinary multiplicity of languages.

What applies to New Guinea applies generally in the Solomons, where the people and the condi tions are similar. The Solomon Islanders have not been subjected, like the NG natives, to the well intentioned meddling of professional and amateur sociologists; but, dur ing the war, they did encounter the disruptive influences of half a million white soldiers; and this pro duced the troublesome anti-Euro pean Masinga Rule movement.

Mischief-makers have been at work for a long time among the natives of New Caledonia and the Loyalties (French). In these islands there is a numerous class whose status is about half way between the Europeans and the natives, and these people, generally Leftist, have somewhat influenced the Melanesian community against the French. The nationalist move ment there now is strong; the pre sent General Council, which is sup posed to assist the Governor materially in administration, is completely dominated by Leftists, and the political future is obscure.

Farther east, the outlook improves as we advance into Polynesia. Apart L'om ethnological considerations, an important point is that the Poly nesians have been much longer in contact with Europeans; and most of the Polynesian groups are one language countries, where the people are largely and increasingly literate, especially in English. Fiji (nomin ally Melanesian, but carrying such a heavy mixture of Polynesian blood that it may rank as part of Poly nesia) is tranquil, apart from the Indian problem; while the two Samoas, Gilbert and Ellice, Cook Islands and Tonga are all reaching out firmly for the increasing measure of self-government which js being accorded by the British, there is a strong national conscious ness m these groups, especially in Western Samoa, but no bad feeling

at all between the governors and the governed.

In the other French Territory, French Oceania (Polynesian), there is a certain political tenseness, which seems to be growing. As in New Caledonia, a party that is sharply pro-native and definitely Leftist has gained control of the General Council. It is nationalistic, but the unfriendliness of its at titude is directed as much against the Chinese (now dominant in trade and commerce there) as against the French. The position is obscure; but a “Tahiti for the Tahitians” sentiment does seem to be prevalent.

THERE is nothing alarming in the overall political picture of the South Pacific Islands; but there is no doubt at all that the increas ing restlessness of subject peoples throughout Africa and Asia is find ing a mild echo in Polynesia and Melanesia. This may be accepted in Polynesia as a natural and proper development; but premature attempts to create a nationalist consciousness in Melanesia are to be deplored.

The Melanesians will not reach the Polynesian stage of develop ment for a long time; and the responsible Europeans in charge (the British in Eastern New Guinea and Solomons, the French in New Caledonia, and the Dutch in Western New Guinea) should be left alone to carry out their duties during this period of transition, without interference from the extraordinary crop of sociological nuisances and banner-waving cranks produced by World War 11.

Ng Men

MEMBERS of the NG Women’s Club of Sydney, and their friends, gathered at the Cenotaph, Sydney, on June 28, for a memorial service to the men of Rabaul who lost their lives in the sinking of the Montevideo Maru in July, 1942.

The Rev. T. B. McCall, of the Methodist Mission, read the service, and the president of the Club, Mrs.

N. H. Foxcroft, placed a wreath on the Cenotaph.

Lady Garvey’s Fund to finance gift parcels to Fijian troops in Malaya had reached £2,335 at the end of June, and is now approach ing the goal of £2,500 required to carry out the year’s programme.

Mr. Shankar Pratap, of Oceania Agencies Co., Suva, met Mr. A. Ottaway, a Sydney mining engineer who arrived by Qantas at Mr. Paratan’s instigation to investigate the exploitation of manganese deposits in Fiji.

Bound for New Zealand from Aitutaki by TEAL: Mr. Teahura, Mr. John Moko-

topu, Manu Mokutupu and Miss Mavai Eli.

Mr. Jan W. de Stigter, of Meteorological Office, Nadi, and Mrs. de Stigter returned to Suva by Tofua after leave in New Zealand.

Mr. and Mrs. W. Blakelock, of Suva, also returned by Tofua from leave in New Zealand.

Mr. R. W. Steward, of Suva, returned by Qantas from leave in Australia. He was met by his daughter, Mrs. A. J.

Campbell.

Inward passengers to Honiara, BSI, by Qantas aircraft on June 22 included Mrs. T. H. Manning, Mr.

N. K. Wallis, a Director of Tenaru Timbers Ltd., Mrs. H. Kerswill and Mr. J. Patullo. Outward passengers on June 23 included the Marine Superintendent, Western Pacific High Commission (Commander J.

H. Deane), who is visiting Sydney and Suva in connection with WPHC shipping.

[?] Left: The Chinese boys show [?]rict Commissioner J. K. McCarthy to fire the “big guns" on one of the [?]ing floats in the procession in Rabaul. [?]p Right: The traditional Village Maid, one of the Samoan floats in the streets Apia. entre: These compound boys marched [?] behind parties of Native and Asiatic [?]es and Rangers, in Rabaul. [?]wer Left: The Kambiu. living In the low of a Rabaul volcano, put this [?]er representation into the Rabaul [?]ession, labelled “Public Enemy No. 1”. [?]wer Right: This was a winning float the Western Samoan pageant. It [?]esents the Queen, the Duke of

Edinburgh and their two children, receiy ing fine mats from members of the Tamasese family.

Tuvi Gaoled: District Commis sioner Vindicated

Rabaul, July 10.

Chief Judge Phillips Has

heard the charges made by the police against the native Tuvi, that he assaulted District Commis sioner McCarthy at Raluana on May 21; and the charge made by Tuvi against the District Commis sioner, that he (Mr. McCarthy) assaulted Tuvi.

The evidence was taken at length, in English and in Pidgin, and pro ceedings were necessarily slow. The circumstances are much as out lined in June PIM; except that it was stated there that the DC sent the Luluai Nason away in his car, to avoid assault, and that the car driver alerted the Kokopo police— whereas the evidence shows that, while Nason was given shelter in the car, he was not sent away until some time later, in a jeep.

The Chief Judge found Tuvi guilty, and sentenced him to four months’ light labour. The District Commissioner (Mr. J. K. McCarthy) was vindicated at all stages of the affair. The judge’s summing-up took two hours.

Bulolo

From Our Own Correspondent

Moresby, July 1.

A BULLDOZER driver turned up a lucky find at Bulolo on June 29 when his equipment acci dentally unearthed two gold bricks which had been stolen from an Army Guard House early in 1942.

One brick weighs 516 ounces and the other 443, and several gold specimens were also recovered.

The gold is the property of Koranga Gold Sluicing and inde pendent miners, and at the time of its theft from the guardhouse was valued at £15,000 (it is, of course, worth more now).

When the gold disappeared from the guardhouse an extensive search was made, and this was continued long after the war, both in Australia and NG. The find turned up by the bulldozer represents about two thirds of the lost gold, and a search is beinsr made for the remainder.

Mr. W. Rawson, the driver of the bulldozer, was cutting a new road in the township when his blade struck treasure trove.

It is reported unofficially that war damage compensation was paid on this gold. If that is the case, a very interesting question arises as to who actually owns the gold now.

Experts

In Papua-New Guinea

From Our Own Correspondent

Moresby. July 1.

A PARTY of nine Dutch agricul tural and forestry scientists will make an extensive tour of Papua-New Guinea agricultural and forestry development projects and experimental stations from July 2 to July 20. The visit is being made to study development in the P-NG Territory with a view to similar development in the Dutch NG territory.

The party will fly everywhere in chartered aircraft and will be ac companied by senior officers of the Departments concerned. The party will visit New Britain, Markham Valley, Wau, Madang, all Highland experimental stations and some private properties, Sogeri in Papua and agricultural stations around Port Moresby.

The Air

SUVA, July 4.

A LOCKHEED Hudson plane with photograph equinment arrived in Fiji on July 3, on behalf of Adastm Airways Ltd., of Australia: and, within the next three months, operating from Nadi, it will com plete the photographic mapping of the colony commenced by Hunting Airways Ltd. several years ago. The firm, which has done mapping work In New Guinea, Tasmania, and on the Snowy River hydro scheme in Australia, has been engaged by the Fiji Government. The managing director is Captain “Bunny” Ham mond, once well known in New Guinea aviation.

Fiji areas still to be mapped, and prevented from so being by cloud m previous efforts, are eastern Viti Levu, three-quarters of Vanua Levu, Taveuni, Koro, Ovalau, Kadavu and Kioa.

It is hoped that the cost will be covered by a Colonial Development grant from the British Govern ment.

On Tv

Movie films shot in Fiji over the Coronation season by Mr Kover Mirams of New Zealand on he BBC - were fl own im mediately to London to form part Coronation celebrations the Commonwealth for use on television.

A copy of the film was expected togTiV'juiT for publlc screen '

Was Too Sudden

Rabaul, June 29.

THE Territories Minister did not give sufficient warning that the price of smoke-dried copra would fall as from July 1. Many of the outports, unable to ship through no fault of theirs, now find themselves with heavy accumula tions of copra which, in all fair ness, they should have had a chance to get rid of. Strong repre sentations have been made to High Authority, on behalf of New Ire

land and Bougainville planters, an the Native Co-operatives, that ar other two months be allowed befoi the smoke-dried price falls; but, s far, there is no response.

The equipment for the Lae-Aus tralia Radio-Telephone Service h£ arrived at Port Moresby where th Moresby installation link is bein assembled; as soon as this is com pleted work will start at Lae to g( the service operating. The Posl and Telegraphs Department ai unable to give a completion dat due to shortage of staff.

20 Years ago.

JULY. 1933, and the Pacific in the economic doldrums. There was not even a funny story in the PIM of that month to lighten the

general gloom: not even a really

good catastrophe—just monotonous

depression.

Here are some extracts from our issue of that month: Copra planters, we said, had all their eggs in one basket—and the copra market had crashed in a manner without pre cedent in recorded history. The problem was, however, for them to have two baskets. Various planters were trying kapok, tung oil, castor oil, coffee, cocoa, etc.—but none were sure of their markets.

It was believed that there was a “good market” for these products "somewhere” —what was needed, we said, was some instrumentality to create the necessary connection between these eager producers and the consumers who were believed to exist, somewhere. * * * An entomologist from the Straits Settlement and FMS (Mr. H. T. Pagden) had arrived in the British Solomons to investigate nutfall which was causing heavy losses in coconut plantations. * * * The continued rise in the price of gold— it had just risen to £A7/17/- per ounce was stimulating gold mining in Papua and New Guinea where prospectors were going out in every direction—Central New Guinea, Ramu River, Bismarck Ranges, into the Papuan mountains, the Yodda and Kokoda areas. (Present price of gold is about twice that amount and the P-NG prospector has become as extinct as the dodo). ❖ ❖ Who said Nondugl did it first? We re ported that: “A successful experiment in breeding sheep suitable for New Guinea has been carried out by Mr. E. J.

Wauchope, of Awar Plantation, Madang.

Contrary to what the experts predicted, he has been able to cross the long-haired Macassar ewes with Shropshire and South down rams and has produced a large bodied sheep suitable for NG conditions.

His flock numbers 180 and produces excellent meat.” ❖ ❖ Specially selected natives from Papua were to be sent to Sydney for six months’ course at Sydney University in the "elements of medicine.” On their return

home they were to do medical work amon their own people. The powers-that-wei in Papua had decided on this course it stead of sending them to Suva for th 4-year AMP course at the Central Medici School. Papua continued this scherr right up until the outbreak of war but since has been abandoned. * * * Queensland meat companies had applie to the Australian Tariff Board for tl imposition of a duty on the importatio of copra. Evidence was given before th Board by Queensland and NSW meat an soap companies—meat companies sul mitting that the free entry of copra wa affecting their sales of tallow to soa manufacturers, and soap companh opposing duty on the grounds that ] would merely mean an increase in th price of toilet soap that the public coul not pay. Mr. J. Mullaly, New Britai planter, also gave evidence and Si Hubert Murray, of Papua, entered protest by radio. * * * There was another scheme for growin sugar up New Guinea way—this time nea Madang in the Mandated Territory. 1 was being promoted by Mr. Leo Horton of Brisbane, and some successful Queens land sugar producers were on the board (But, alas, like most other P-NG sugar growing schemes of the period, H cam to naught.) * * * The death was reported of Judge Gur in American Samoa on the eve of his re turn to Western Samoa from whence hi was deported in 1927 by the NZ authoritie for engaging in Mau (Samoan nationalist' activities. Deported with him had beei Messrs. Smythe and Nelson—Mr. Smythi had returned after three years, but Judgi Gurr and Mr. Nelson had been banishet for five years.

Austin Robertson, champion professional runner of Australia, while en route tc the USA in the Monterey had agreed tc stage a foot race in Suva against some Fiji runners. One Fijian named Jese beai him by half a yard—to the great delight of Suva residents. * * * The Moratorium which the Australian government in 1931 had extended to New Guinea planters who were unable (due to the slump in copra) to keep up the pay-J mehts on plantations bought from the Ex- Pro Board, was extended until June, 1934^

Ng Services

(See Plane Schedules for Details) k ANT AS Empire Airways have made considerable changes in their Sydney-New Guinea ser ss and also in some in NG. all DC3 aircraft have been with kwn from the Sydney-Port iresby service and in their place ndringhams will be operated ice-weekly—one of these services minating in Rabaul. . Sydney spokesman for QEA said ,t most of the DOS’s are now old 11 that the Sandringhams give ter passenger comfort and better llities for providing meals.

"he Skymaster services have re ined unchanged except for slight urations to departure times; both unasters and Sandringhams fly m Sydney to Moresby with no r-night stop. However, on one of southbound Sandringham ser ;s there is a night stop at Cairns, ladang now will have only one itas connection—that is, on it used to be the native labour

special that made the round trip, Lae - Madang - Wewak - Manus - Kavieng-Rabaul on Mondays and Thursdays.

The Sandringham service that left

Moresby on alternate Mondays for Samarai and returned Tuesdays has now been cut out, Samari is included in the Moresby to Rabaul Service.

[?]ther Coronation Festivities

Mayor Hollander is addressing the gathering. On the platform, left to right, are Mrs. Hollander, the Rev. Mr. Jago, Mrs. MacAlpine (wife of the District Commissioner), Mr. Robert Evans (Town

Clerk) and, partly obscured, Mr. “Barney”

Rourke (manager of CSR Co.).

All communities worked hard and harmoniously to celebrate the occasion fittingly In Lanutoka.

(Left to right): Decorations erected near the Triangle, Suva during Coronation week. Small Indian boys at a flag display the C.S.R. Park, at Labasa. Pupils of the Suva Girls' Grammar School in a folk-dancing display Photo by Fiji Public Relations Office.

Left to right: "The Queen:-proposed by Brigadier D.M. Cleland, Administrator of P-NG, at the Coronation Ball on [?] 5-show (left to right) Mrs Cleland, Mr E. A. James. Brigadier Cleland, Mrs. Phillips, Mr Lonergan. Scout and Guide Thanksgiving Service on May 31. The Administrator Port Moresby children on dren's Day. Juen 1. Photos by Papuan Prints.

More About Those Cedars

The Ecuador or South American cedar (Cedrela Odorata), which has been suggested as suitable for planting in South Pacific Islands (see PIM, April), develops a strong root system which enables it to resist fierce wind forces. Dr. Peter Holst writes from Guayaquil, -Ecuador, that these trees prefer humid, tropical and sub-tropical climates, that they do not grow well in swampy or sour soil, and that they do not like night frost or pro longed spells of hot dry winds. He points out that the timber is valued the world over, and that a matured tree would yield timber valued to day at 150 US dollars.

Wewak-Hollandia Service?

“There is much passing to and fro between The Netherlands and Australia, and friendly communica tion between Western New Guinea and the Australian Administration in Papua and Eastern New Guinea,” writes a Brisbane friend, in bad tempered strain.

“Yet it is easier to travel from Sydney to Hollandia (chief town of Dutch New Guinea), or from Sydney to Wewak (most westerly town of Australian New Guinea), than it is to travel from Wewak to Hollandia, although the towns are only a short distance apart.

“In other words, if we are to make common cause in New Guinea —as assuredly we shall—why is there no means of easy transport between the two large Territories? Why no air service between, say, Madang and Hollandia?”

Does Anyone Know?

Commander William Burrows, of Suva, whose thirst for shipping in formation is quenchless, has dis covered that,in 1885, a screw ves sel of 580 tons, with some medium armament, and rigged as a three mast schooner, was ordered in Lon don on behalf of the Colony of Victoria. She was launched at Limehouse Dockyard; armament was supplied by Woolwich; she was named the Victoria —and then there is no further record of her.

Does anyone know whether this ship ever arrived in the South Pacific? And, if so, under what flag?

An Editorial Grovel

A correspondent in Suva is quite right; There rarely has been a sillier typographical error in the PIM than the caption to a photo on P a &e 27 of the June issue.

Mr. D. R, A. Eden, of Samoa, was shown en route to Europe, with some specimens of the famous cocoa tree which he has developed in his Samoan plantations, after endless

study and experiment. And the caption read, “cuttings from his famous new coconut tree”! The error was obvious—yet it got past five different people whose job it is to check and correct. Apologies to everyone concerned.

The Fijian View Point

An interesting note from our old friend, Ratu Tiale W. T. Vuiyasawa, who is Roko Tui Cakaudrove, at Somosomo, Fiji: “You know that there has been a lot of talk over our soldiers being in Malaya. Some say that, as we are only a small number of people, we should not be asked to send away so many as a battalion of our young men, to fight in Asia.

“We Fijians have not joined in this talk. All we know is that our young men have gone there with our goodwill and blessing, to do a spot of work for our Queen and the British Raj. Whether the Indians go or not is not our concern. What we wish is that our lads should stay there until the job is done —nothing else matters.

“We do this as a token of our appreciation of the care and protec tion given us by the British Crown for well nigh a century.”

That is good talk, by a man thoroughly competent to express the Fijian viewpoint.

Elbow Room for Coconuts?

CONTRARY to cur paragraph on the subject in April PIM, a few

people have sufficient faith in the future of coconuts to plant up new areas of them: Mr. R. Best of Deos Plantation, Bougainville, writ ing in June says that on their planf tation they have recently completed the sQoth acre of new coconut planting since the war.

The new plantings have beer| made at far wider than usual spacl ing—33 ft.—to permit interplanting of other crops and in order that the coconuts should not have to expend all their vigour on growing upwards, Mr. Best says that he has yet to see any plantation palms comparl favourably with the haphazard groups of native palms for produc-* tion. On Deos, 2,600 palms scattered about produced 360 bags of copra during 1952—he believes that this was because they were exposed to wind and sunlight and did not have to attain excessive height in competition for the sun with their fellows.

Well, it’s a new theory, and one that probably has something to it where space has not to be coni sidered.

Still on Top!

A keen interest in Pacific affairs is still evinced by Mrs. Olive McMiles, of Wyong, NSW, despite the rude buffetings of fate. “I have had a double fracture of the right shoulder, a fracture of the spina a snake bite and recurrent attack! of asthma,” she writes. “But I am still on top of the world and here! with my sub to the PIM.” Mrs!

McMiles was formerly Miss Olive Leembruggen, and had charge of a hospital in Suva for some years. I

Debutantes presented by the Mayoress of Suva, Mrs. D. M. N. McFarlane, to Sir Ronald and Lady Garvey at the Coronation Ball held on the evening of June 2.

At rear: Lieut.-Comm. Woods, Superintendent D. Saint. As.D.C., Misses Jacqueline Stubbs, Ann Weatherby, Judy Ragg, Janette Chalmers, Brenda Smith, Mazie Edmunds, Rosemary McFarlane. In front: Mrs. McFarlane, Sir Ronald Garvey, Lady Garvey.

Are Low

An Appeal to Governor

SUVA, July 1.

HE living standards of un skilled workers in Fiji have been receiving the personal at- Ition of the Governor (Sir laid Garvey) since a deputation presenting the Fiji Industrial :rrkers Congress waited upon him jeral weeks ago.

It is believed that the Govern mt is anxious to improve the iition of the workers, but hesitates take any hasty action which l?ht tend to further raise the cost living. It is the problem of in ion, which now is plaguing every ministration in the world. ?he FIW Congress represents ien of the nine registered labour .ons in Fiji—covering mines, ar industry, public works, com ircial firms, seamen, air trans t, and timber industry. The K)0-odd wage-labourers in the

Colony include Fijians, Indians, and other Islanders.

The deputation appealed to the Governor for a fair living wage, and for action under the following head ings : The urgent establishment of facil ities for higher technical training in the Colony so that employees may qualify themselves for better positions: Pension schemes for aged and in firm; An extensive housing programme for working people; An increased number of paid holi days; Country cost-of-living bonus to be based on country cost-of-living index.

The largest employer in the Colony is the Government and most other employers follow Government practice in labour conditions.

The deputation presented figures, taken from Government statistics, to show the following: Average cost of feeding a nurse in a Government hospital; European £2 14 3 Fijian 1 16 7 Indian 1 13 4

Average cost of feeding a hospital patient: European £2 13 0 Fijian 1 7 7 Indian 1 4 8 Since 1939, the country cost-of living index has risen by 196 per cent., but the minimum wage has increased only from 4/- per day to 7/8 per day for sugar workers, and to 7/10 for Public Works Depart ment labour. This represents £2/0/6 per week and £2/3/1 respectively, for the respective number of hours worked —44 and 48. The deputation pointed out that under these con dotions, it is impossible to provide adequately for emergency, education of children, sickness, old age, etc.

Heading Congress in its fight for better conditions is “the father of unions” in Fiji, Pandit Ami Chandra MA, founder and principal of the DAY (Indian) College, Samabula, a cultured, mild-mannered man, respected alike by employers and labourers. Of him the Commis sioner of Labour recently said: “All who have been associated with him must recognise him as a man of the highest ideals and integrity. His work for the trade union movement has been selfless, and his motives and methods are in striking con trast to those of certain demagogues whose names have figured promin ently in the trade union field over seas. Pandit Ami Chandra has shown great wisdom in the guid ance he has given to young unions.

He worked untiringly for the improvement of workers’ conditions, and at the same time he has pre ferred to achieve his ends by patient negotiations and persuasion rather than by fiery oratory or direct action.”

When Pandit Ami Chandra and Congress raise a matter with the employers there is invariably good ground for supposing there are strong arguments to support it; and employers react accordingly. Labour employer relations consequently are of the best in Fiji. But, under pre sent conditions, the landless labourer does seem to be working close to the bread line.

HE titular ruler of Tonga, Queen Salote, in London for the Coronation, and engaging in

various tours, continued to receive much press attention in June and July. Her simple dignity and

ready smile seem ed to make friends for her wherever she went.

The newspapers said that in Scot land she toured in the heavy rain “which seems to follow her wher ever she goes.”

On her arrival at Perth, rain was falling in tor rents, and press photogt aphers were waiting. A hotel porter rush ed out with a big umbrella to pro tect the visitors from the ele ments; but Queen Salote, with her happy smile, waved the um brella aside and stood in the rain while the soaked pressmen did their job with the cameras.

On another t o|u r , Tonga’s monarch got mix ed up in a motor accident on the main road. But she came out of it unscathed and still smiling.

Queen Mother chats with Queen Salote at a garden party.

New Works In French

M. JEAN BREAUD, Paris banker, owner of the famous Atimaono estate in Tahiti, and con tractor for many public works in French Oceania, will return to Tahiti in August on a business visit.

Work in hand in French Oceania under M. Breaud’s contracts in cludes the important new airstrip on Motu Tahiri, near Papeete; the new reservoir at Paea, just com pleted; and concrete wharves in the Tuamotus. if Captain E. W. Harness, harbour master at Suva, commenced six months’ leave in June. He intends spending part of it in New Zealand.

Steady Trading By

ALTHOUGH the volume of trad ing was fully maintained, the net profit of £97,353, for 1952- 53, of Morris Hedstrom Ltd., operat ing in Fiji and adjoining groups, was about £lO,OOO under that of the previous year—mainly due to world movements in merchandise.

After providing a 6 per cent, on preferences (£219,206) and 10 per cent, on the ordinary capital of £520,407, calling for about £66,000, the company adds some £30,000 to its Profit and Loss Account carry over, which now is no less than £351,000.

This rich company has no less than £1 million (over and above its subscribed capital and its current obligations) tucked away in various reserves; and practically the whole

Territories Talk-Talk does not appear this month because Tolala is having an enforced spell in Con cord Repatriation Hospital, Sydney.

We hope that he mill be sufficiently recovered for this popular feature to appear again in August issue.

of it is disclosed on the balance sheet in the shape of cash (£527,000) and its holding of stocks and shares (£300,000).

The Directors point out that a substantial part of the company’s large cash balances probably will be required for the erection of the new South Seas Hotel in Suva, which is now proceeding.

Directors are Messrs. H. E. Snell, R. Crompton, R. A. Crompton, B.

H. Marks, John Dowling, J. M. Hed strom and R. C. Evetts.

¥¥7HEN there are no volcanic ?f eruptions somewhere in Papua- New Guinea, that will be news.

Latest eruption occurred on June 28, south of Manus, just off Lou Island and six miles from Baluan.

Lou has a native population of about 400; there are 2,000 on Baluan.

The Government Vulcanologist, Mr. J. Best, made an inspection and reported that the crest of the cone appeared to be at sea level; he made an inspection of thermal regions on Baluan Island on July 1 and reported no increased activity.

He intended remaining in the Lou- Baluan area to make further ob servations.

When news of the eruption was received by the Administration, coastal ships were diverted to the area in case evacuation of the natives was necessary. Natives in the Admiralty Group were advised to build temporary shelters 50 feet above sea level in case more severe eruptions caused tidal waves.

Coronation Medals For

fTIHE following residents of Papua A and New Guinea were awarded

Coronation Medals:

Brigadier Donald Mackinnon Cleland, CBE, Gabriel Achun, John Harold Ahearn, Leslie Kellar Allen, Fred Palmer Archer.

Theodore John S. Arthur, CBE, Constable Augwi-Kemelavi, Corporal Awai. Donald Barrett, Lt. (QM) (H/Cpt.) Stanley Thomas Bendall, Judge Esme Baron Big nold, Oswell Percy Blanden, Francis Norman Boisen, MC, Mrs. Doris Regina Booth, OBE, Albert John Bretag, Sub- Inspector Peter Alfred Broman, Mrs. Ella Florence Bunting, Inspector (2nd Class) William Michael Burns, Claude Champion, Ivan Francis Champion, William Neville Chester, Sergeant-Major (Ist Class) Christian-Arek, Stanley Hinton Christian, Sergeant Daemen, Constable Dau, Merari Dickson, Constable Duna-Sogaga, Rev.

James Dwyer, Richard Edward Paul Dwyer, Corporal Ehau-Kainae, Pte. (T- Sgt.) Lafe Ehava, Edward James Frame.

Lance Corporal Ganki, Judge Ralph Thomas Gore, Thomas Grahamslaw, OBE, Mrs. Doris Kathleen Groves, Sergeant Major (Ist Class) John Douglas Guise, Herbert William Hardy, Michael James Healey, Clarence Edward Heiner, Harold Joseph Hindwood, Carl Mallesch Jacobsen, Ernest Alfred James, Dudley Fearnside Jones, John Herbert Jones, Lance Corporal Kamai, Constable Kaporis-Ikumin, Ser geant Major (2nd Class) Kari, George Kassi, Constable Katka, Sergeant Kieivi Judge Andrew Kelly, Constable Keonai, James Knight, Constable Koisen-Ekekae, Sergeant Konimoro, James Luby Leahy, Henry Leke, The Rev. Frank George Lewis, Steven Ainsworth Lonergan, James Bannister McAdam, MM, Miss Isobel Murray McArthur, Mrs. Jean Letitia Me- Carthy, W. L. MacGowan, Lt. Col. Norman Peterson Maddern, MBE, Sergeant Major (Ist Class) Merire, Nason, Horace Lionel R. Niall, MBE, Sergeant Major (2nd Class) Lego Pala, Chief Judge Frederick Beau mont Phillips, CBE, Constable Piwa, Mrs.

Thelma May Price, Rarua-Tau, Frederick Allan Richardson, Albert Allen Roberts, Daniel John Rooney, OBE, Basil Fairfax Ross, Lt. Col. Herbert Lawson Sabin,

Sergeant Major Sairere-Tamlan, Aisofi Salm, Sergeant Major (2nd Class) SaurT John Bexley Sedgers, Simogun, BEM* Inspector (Ist Class) Alexander Morrison Sinclair, Edgar Clarence Skelly, Russel Gordon Smith, Sergeant Sorovi, Ernest Alfred Stanfield, Ernest Steeples, Risht Reverend Philip Nigel W. Strong, George Anthony Taylor, Matron Alice Thorburn Tolongoma, Tovin-Bainig, Harry Arthui Tnggs, The Rev. David Eric Ure, John Vuia, A/Capt. John Anthony Walsh, OBE Lanoe Corporal Wangu, Edward Eml manuel Washington, Thomas Elwyn Whar burton, Norman Hansen White, George Kenneth Whittaker, Sergeant Major (2nd Wyatt Wllham George » Mrs - Jessie Isobel

P-Ng To Have Public

TIHE appointment of Miss K A Vellacott-Jones as Papua-Net? *i. G^inea Public Relations Office! +2 be attached to the Department ol the Administrator, was announced m Port Moresby, on June 16.

Miss Vellacott-Jones has been in the Temtory since July, 1949, as the journalist in charge of the Austra lian Broadcasting Commission’s 9PA News Service. Previously she was engaged in radio and newspaper work in Canada, Australia, Britain and other overseas countries.

Immediately the appointment was announced, the Public Service As sociation cabled a protest to the Minister for Territories on the grounds that the position had not been advertised.

The Minister later informed the PSA that he was satisfied on the advices of the Administrator and the Public Service Commissioner that the position of Public RelaH tions Officer could not be satisfacH tonly filled by the transfer or promotion of an officer from with in the service.

A goodly proportion of the population of Papeete, Tahiti, turned out to welcome the elegant new Messageries Maritimes Liner “Tahitien” when she berthed at Papeete on June 5 on her maiden voyage. She reached Sydney later that month where she was given flattering attention by the Press.

Photo by Frederick Simpson.

[?]roducing Tea in New Guinea Many Problems to be Solved Yet

N OVERSEAS tea expert who i visited Papua-New Guinea at the invitation of the Australian □vernment some months ago has [bmitted his report to the Min cer for Territories.

The expert reports—as most iople in New Guinea are already vare—that many parts af the srritory are suitable for tea culti ition.

Best quality tea could be grown Highland areas over 4,000 feet, ) says; but higher yields would be Gained from tea planted at lower titudes. . .

The expert said (and this is also 31l known in NG) that labour and mmunications are the two main •awbacks to the successful com ercial establishment of tea grow g in the Territory.

At present tea is being grown ccessfully in a comparatively small ly by a few individuals in upland eas of NG. The Department of jriculture has a tea experimental ation at Garaina, Eastern High nds, at about 3,000 feet, where, >art from the research side of the isiness, seed is produced for future

mmercial plantings—tea-seed is,

course, a prohibited export from esent tea-producing countries.

Tea plantations are by 0 means as easy to estab sh as coffee or cocoa. The ia grows easily enough, at the factory processes ad the blending that jme after are something lat has taken India and eylon and other tea roducing countries years > perfect.

Trained native labour >r tea picking will prob bly never be as good as milar labour in India and eylon where generations 1 these people have lived a the tea estates. But ;a-picking can now be ane by mechanical means -small contrivances which re slung around the neck m be worked by un billed labour.

It is understood that here mechanical pickers re used, the tea bushes re pruned severely into sort of hedge. When the aung shoots grow out ley are all about the ime length and it is com iratively easy to run the tachines, which work imething like hair-clip jrs, over them. Mech aical picking is much licker than hand picking

and this factor might do something to cancel out the scarcity of good labour in NG.

After picking, the tea leaves must be fermented, dried and rolled.

Europeans who have tried NG grown tea are divided in their opinion about it; some say they do not like the flavour (although this is probably only a matter of blend ing), while others are enthusiastic about it.

Transport, however will be as big a problem to overcome as labour.

As yet the only roads that exist in the areas suitable for growing tea are jeep tracks and there is no road between the sea-ports and the Highlands. Even under the happiest circumstances, it is un likely that roads capable of carry ing heavy freight between tea plantations and sea-port will exist for many years. Therefore, air transport will continue to be a factor in the cost of production.

There is no doubt that tea, and good tea, can be grown in parts of the PNG Territory. However, PNG with its inefficient native labour has not yet been able to com pete on a cost for cost basis with countries like Indian. Malaya, Ceylon or Indonesia in any product the latter produce. Therefore, the mere fact that tea will grow in the Territory is only the beginning of establishing it as a flourishing in

dupfry.

Australians consume 62 pounds of tea per head per annum which puts them amongst the top-rank ing tea drinkers of the world. The

price paid by Australians for their imported tea is about the lowest in the world, due to the heavy subsidy paid on it by the Commonwealth Government. But there is no doubt that New Guinea could supply Aus tralia with its tea —when all the problems of labour, production, transport, prejudice and price are overcome.

The Administrator of Papua-New Guinea, Brigadier Cleland, cutting the Debutantes’ cake at the United Services Ball in Port Moresby on June 3. The Debs are Thelma Fressard, Elizabeth Britton and Judy Ralph.

Photo by Papuan Prints.

NOTHING better in worth-while publicity has come out of New Zealand for years than Leo White’s Pictorial Reference of New Zealand. He has specialised in air photography; and this big, 300pages volume carries a large-scale air-photograph on every page, and the total covers every city, town and hamlet in the Dominion.

Nostalgically, I hung over those pictures. There, outside of a South land village, I saw the very Valley where I was born more than six decades ago. I glimpsed the bush wherein I grew up; identified the very building, in Invercargill where I suffered my first white-collar job; studied Balclutha, wherein my feet were turned on to the Inky Way; examined Dunedin, and the old Otago Daily Times office, where I first began to dream of real journalism; and then picked out the buildings which were scenes of my later jobs, in Christchurch, Masterton, Auckland. Perfect photo graphy; beautiful printing.

This is a book that should be kept on the best-loved shelves of every New Zealand exile. Whites Aviation, Auckland, sell it for £4/4/-. You could not get this collection of in dividual photographs for less than

£lOO.

R. W. Robson.

Water Supply

From Our Own Correspondent

Rabaul, June 28.

RABAUL, NG, which has only recently concluded a very wet wet-season, is already short of water; it was being carried to some Administration dwellings in June.

However, when Mr. J. Chipper proposed at a recent meeting of the Town Advisory Council that the Administration should install windmills to augment the water supply (it is all from tanks or wells) the motion failed for want of a seconder.

At present, it costs about £4,000 per annum tq cart water to Ad ministration dwellings. This amount would buy a number of windmills and running cost of same, said Mr.

Chipper, amounted to the price of a few pints of oil per annum.

Population problems will be studied by Dr. Norma McArthur, who has gone to N. Caledonia to work with the SPC for 6 months.

[?]o Australia and N-Zealand

A S the Pacific Islands economies f\ expand, they will turn to Aus tralia and New Zealand for

>chnlcal services, trained personnel,

iianufactured goods and capital, sates the Quarterly Survey of Aus ;*alia and New Zealand .Bank limited, in an article on Fiji. ( The Survey points out; Fijis aports are significant for Australia, iecause the United Kingdom and lustralia each supply about a third j the Colony’s requirements, with ew Zealand and United States also nportant suppliers.” It goes on: “Such markets as these are very nportant for the young secondary idustries of Australia and New ©aland, which have established jnnections in many Pacific Tern aries through companies already Derating in the sugar, gold, mer handising, shipping, banking and isurance industries. Development f tourist trade, with better air and =»a communications, also helps to lengthen the ties between these Duntries ... ...

“Technical knowledge and capital juipment are critically short, and Ithout them full utilisation of atural resources, even where rich, annot be expected. But as this gap ; filled, spending power expands

nd population increases, Pacific

emands will represent a worth while extension of the Australian

and New Zealand markets, which will be a great contribution towards large-scale production and cheaper unit costs in these countries.”

Developing the Oro Bay Area Comwlth. Works and CSIRO On Job

A Commonwealth Works

Department survey party is in the Oro Bay region of Papua making a detailed survey for a new wharf and new bridges.

The wharf is to accommodate ships of up to three thousand tons, and the bridges are to replace the old structures along the wartime Oro Bay-Popondetta road. The road itself is still in good condition and will need little work to get it back into use again.

This is the first stage of the plan for the development of the Oro Bay region where a CSIRO natural re sources survey team have just started work. (Eriama Estates have taken up 15,000 acres in this area for the purpose of growing kenaf and possibly other fibre crops).

U Madame Pambrun, wife of Tahiti’s Chief of Land Control, journeyed to France per Caledonien in June.

fl MR. DES SULLIVAN, the Official Secretary to the Administrator of Papua-New Guinea, has moved over to the Government Secretary’s Department, and his work in the Department of the Administrator is being handled now by Mr. F. H.

Hughes.

A noteworthy event took place on June when a Fiji-Indian lance-corporal and [?]ur privates left Fiji by air for Malaya. hey were part of a detachment of re [?]forcements. Apart from 2 lone Fiji [?]dian medical orderly who served in the [?]olomons in World War II, these are the [?]ret Fiji Indians ever to serve their [?]untry overseas. Five more are expected [?] leave for Malaya in July.

It should be noted that there is one [?]rious hindering factor in serving in the [?]med forces which is peculiar to the [?]reater part of the non-Christian Indians [?] Fiji and which does not affect the [?]ijians. This is the question of food, part, from Indian eating habits being [?]tirely different to those of the Fijian [?] European, there is a religious factor, [?]here are at least some willing Indians ho have withheld service on this score lone.

The only way in which this problem an be overcome is by the Indians plunteering in large enough numbers to

form a unit of their own, with their own cooks and foodstuffs. So long as Indian servicemen are a very small minority this problem will remain, as it is clearly impossible for the Army to provide special facilities for them.

The five Indians included in reinforce ments for Malaya in June and shown here with their Fijian officer, Lieutenant George (centre), are, left to right: Lance- Corporal Satlus Harigayan, Pvt. Birbal Brijpal, Pvt. Krishna Pillay, Medical- Orderly Tom Ram Narayan, and Pvt.

Alfred Singh (insert).

At the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Apia, Western Samoa, on May 19, Miss Sheila Therese Macdonald, daughter of Mr. and, Mrs. Alexander Macdonald. well-known residents of Apia, was married to Mr. P. K. Edmonds, private secretary to the High Commissioner of W. Samoa, Mr. G. R. Powles.

The Rev. Fr. E. C. Jepson officiated at the Nuptial Mass and among those present at the ceremony were the High Commissioner.

Misses Moira and Flora Macdonald,

sisters of the bride, were bridesmaids. (Moira Macdonald had a leading part in the film “Return to Paradise” which was made in Western Samoa last year). Mr.

Ashley Levestam was bestman and Mr.

Norman Paul groomsman. Several hun dred guests attended the evening recep tion. (Photo on left).

Descendants of two pioneer families of Western Samoa, were united on June 11, with the marriage of Frieda Margaret Keil, eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs.

Hans Keil, to Norman Samuel Paul, second son of Mr. and Mrs. Eugene F.

Paul. Nuptial Mass was celebrated at the Catholic Cathedral.

The father of the bridegroom is the well-known businessman the Hon. E. F.

Paul, MLA, while the bride’s father, Mr.

Hans J. Keil is owner of the White Horse Inn at Mootootua, Apia.

Misses Winona Godinet and Agnes Bartley were bridesmaids, Mr. Hans Kruse was bestman and Mr. Denby Cobcroft groomsman. (Photo on right).

World Now HAS Too Much Sugar International Conference in London

Representatives Of The

6 sugar-producing countries of the world will meet in London 11 July 13.

'The conference, which has been filed by UNO, will attempt to ntablish export quotas for sugar •oducing countries, and to prevent glut.

Australia, which this year ex sets to have about 600,000 tons Bur ns to domestic requirements, is mding eight representatives led 7 the Commonwealth Minister for irade and Customs, Senator N.

"Sullivan.

British Commonwealth sugar pro jcing countries (including Austra a and Fiji) already have a sugar jreement with the UK in respect : their sugar exports until 1960. resumably some effort will be lade to have this embodied within le framework of any new and roader agreement.

Before the war there was con derable world over-production of igar. During the war and in the nmediate post-war years demand as far ahead of supply, but this «way has now been made up, articularly by the West Indies and üba. Fiji and Australia had not een able to fill their quotas under le British Commonwealth Agree- Lent, until, in the current season, oth have produced record crops.

Last December, the UK Ministry E Food announced that the price ley would pay Commonwealth pro ucing countries in 1953 would be 3tg 42/6/8 per ton —a rise of 3tg3/16/8 per ton on the 1952 rice. This, in turn, meant that a jeord price would be paid to rowers including Fiji - Indian rowers—for their cane.

Although “agreements” and other rtificial means have cut across the Id laws of supply and demand and ave done a great deal to prevent le consumer reaping the benefit f glut seasons, it could be that oe sugar-producing countries are ow entering a buyers’ market and period that will put the accent n industrial efficiency rather than ver spiralling rewards.

Sugar is still Fiji’s most valuable xport but officials of the CSR Co. lave constantly warned growers nd others in recent years that ost of production was getting out f hand.

Mr. H. Storck, lately manager for IP’s, at Rotuma, transferred to a imilar position on Niue Island in lay.

Air

Service In 1954

WHEN Captain Bryan Monkton returned to Sydney from Honolulu on June 22, he stated that South Pacific Airlines, of which he is a director, will not commence the new service between Honolulu and Tahiti via Christmas Island before the end of the year.

The new company recently bought two Solent flying boats from Trans Oceanic Airways, which has gone out of business; and Tahiti, eager to develop new tourist traffic with United States, had hoped that the new air service would have operated this year. But the promoters appear to be leaving nothing to chance, and refuse to “rush” the important work of establishing landing and fuelling stations.

A RADIOPHONE telephone ser vice between Australia and Fiji, organised by Cable and Wireless Ltd. and Overseas Tele communications Commission, will be opened in August. The service is to be available daily between 2 and 2.30 p.m., and calls cost 12/6 Australian per minute, with a three minutes’ minimum.

II The Director of District Services and Native Affairs, Papua and New Guinea, Mr. J. H. Jones, is attend ing the United Nations Trusteeship Council meeting in New York as Australia’s Special Representative during the discussions on the New Guinea Annual report for the year ending June, 1952. He left Aus tralia about June 15, and will be away about a month.

Mrs. B. Toyer [?]eft), Mrs J.

Brien, and Mrs R.

[?]ser (right). who,

milies, accompanied [?]eir husbands to [?]w Guinea to estab

[?] a cray-fishing

Hustry. They left

[?]isbane on May 27, the "C-Gull", the

commodation ship

a fleet of four [?sels to engage in [?] cray fishing.

Irs. Toyer had [?]ve children on [?] three boys, [?]ed 9, 8, and 7, and [?] girls, aged 4 and months. She is a [?]ined nurse.

Mrs. Wyser, 24

me from Austria

[?] years ago, She

[?] never lived in a

[?] before.

Mrs. O'Brien, who

an eight - months - old daughter, [?]orah had never been to sea before. heir destination is Daru Island, near mouth of the Fly River, in West [?]ua where they plan to establish a lement. They will live in the boat houses are built. (Some old residents, from encouraging new enterprise, say [?] there are not sufficient crayfish in Gulf country to warrant the industry.)

rAL reported in Suva early July that the planned service from Lauthala Bay to Nukualofa which it had been expected would commence in July, will not now commence before August 8, and pos sibly later.

It is understood that TEAL is ready to commence, but that the delay has been occasioned by the Tongan Government.

Subscriptions to the Queen Eliza beth Park Fund, in Rabaul, NG, had reached £5,000 by Coronation Day. Another £1,200 is required to establish a Town Band. The Rabaul townspeople appreciated the efforts of the native Band which had been got together with borrowed instru ments and ex-bandsmen for Coro nation Day and agree with Mr. D.

Barrett, MLC, that the money should be found to make it per manent.

Well

Received In Paris

M. Poroi’s Hurried Visit

ALTHOUGH, as reported in June PIM, the energetic Mayor of Papeete, M. Alfred Poroi, had gone off to Paris in an endeavour to secure clarification of some aspects of the political situation in Tahiti, he did not remain long abroad. , . , .

M Poroi arrived m Sydney by air late on July 2 and, after a hurried scramble through a list of engagements there, he left on July 3 for Papeete. Reason for haste: The opening the following week of Tahiti’s great Annual Fete, which vasts for a fortnight and is not missed by any Tahitian who can possibly get there.

Within the General Council or Parliament of Tahiti there now are two main parties—a majority oarty, of nationalist and Leftist tendencies, led by M. Pouvanaa a Gopa, and a minority party, more moderate in its views, led by M.

Poroi. The larger party lately has l : much more aggressive in its activities, and M. Poroi, resisting it, rently has been handicapped by uncertainty regarding the policy of the Government of France. (No Government, apart from the De partmental heads, has functioned in France for a considerable time.) The majority party, for example, has advocated an administrative reform under which Tahiti would become a Department of France, in stead of a semi-independent Ad ministration within the French Union. It also wishes to resist the plan for the stimulation of tourist traffic to French Oceania, prefer ring to keep the archipelagoes as a close preserve for the natives.

M. Poroi’s decision to go to France and seek clarification of the situa tion was logical. But he did not go alone. One of the leaders of the rival party, M. Ceran Jerusalemy.

Pouvanaa a Oopa’s lieutenant, also went to Paris, to put the opposite view to the high functionaries there.

M. Poroi told the PIM in his brief visit to Sydney that he was very kindly and helpfully received in Paris, and he returned with a con fident feeling that there would be no sudden changes likely to upset the administration or economy of French Oceania.

M. Poroi said that an important delegation from the French Parlia ment would visit New Caledonia in September, to attend that Ter ritory’s Centenary celebrations; and he had received an assurance that the delegation would try to make a formal visit to Tahiti before leav ing the Pacific.

Council

Meets Again This Month

rE Papua and New Guineal Legislative Council will meeti at Port Moresby on Monday, July 27, and it is expected to be in session for about a week.

The business paper includes twd Bills—the Rubber Bill and the Plant Disease and Control Bill— which were referred to Select Conn mittees at the last session in May Miss Eunice Taylor, of Burns Philp, Suva, has announced hex engagement to Mr. Cameron Scot! of the CSR Co., Fiji.

Beetle

Report from New Hebrides

LL the Pacific Islands are fol- A. lowing, with keen interest, Fiji’s war against the Rhino vos Beetle, and helpful comments >d suggestions have been offered, it it now is becoming better iderstood that there is more than • e kind of Rhino Beetle in the lands.

For example, our agent in Tahiti, r. Oscar Nordman, wrote specially our correspondent in Fiji, Mr. lortall, with an interesting item. ?. Nordman said that his daughter the New Hebrides had been in :med by M. Graziani that he be ved the flamboyant tree was fatal the Beetle. M. Graziani said at, almost any morning, one might 3 dead Beetles under the flam yants which line the waterside Santo.

Mr. Shortall took the story to Mr.

Harvey, who, as Director of Agri- Iture, directs the Fiji anti-Beetle ir. Mr. Harvey produced an old port on the Beetle situation in . Samoa in 1910. The report de ribes the planting there of flam yants as a counter measure, it .ving been reported from the lomons that these trees had been und to attract the insect pests ray from the coconut palms.

However, it is now known, Mr. irvey explained, that the Beetle Samoa and Fiji is an entirely Eferent creature to that in the lomons, which seemingly does tie damage. The Samoa-Fiji riety of beetle —which has also ne great damage in the Palau ands and is reported in New linea since the Jap occupation— s not been reported from the New abridges; so it must be assumed at the insects reported by M. •aziani are of the same variety as ose in the Solomons. Of all the etles so far discovered in Fiji, not e has been found on or under a mboyant tree.

Cinder date of June 24, our Tahiti reports that Governor titbon has issued orders that all ssels arriving at Papeete from linoceros-beetle infested areas will ordered to sea before sunset each y- Mr. John Trotter, General Man er in Fiji for Burns Fhilp (South as) Co. Ltd., retired in June account of continued ill-health, the annual meeting in May the tairman of Directors (Sir Henry ott, OC) paid a warm tribute to r. Trotter’s services to the Co. d to the Fiji community. Mr. otter has been with Burns Philp : 35 years in Tonga and Fiji.

SHORTLY after Mayor Mac- Farlane, of Suva, in mid-June, threatened his councillors with a Writ of Mandamus if they per sisted in discussing a business premises demolition order (see else where in this issue) mutiny reared its ugly head across the island, at Lautoka.

There, Mayor S. Hollander, at a special meeting of the Town Coun cil, found himself charged as “a would-be basketball dictator” and with “gagging the Council.”

Councillor C. A. Adams, leading the assault, charged that the mayor had denied a woman’s basketball team the right to use Churchill Park unless it affiliated with the

Fiji Basketball Association, and accused him of withholding corre spondence on the subject.

Following a subsequent stormy debate, a motion of no confidence in the mayor, put by Councillor Adams, was carried 6-4.

As the mayor refuses to resign and the six opposing councillors have threatened to boycott future council meetings until he does so, further lively developments are ex pected.

Norfolk Island now has a regular bus service which carries passengers on approved routes for 4d per half mile section. This is a boon to island residents but still leaves a lot of lucrative business to the taxis.

Harvested

Port Moresby, June 30.

rIS year the Agricultural De partment’s kenaf seed crop at Laloki near Port Moresby will yield around 10 tons of quality seed.

Harvesting is now in progress and should be finished by about the middle of July.

The anticipated yield will be sufficient for government and private kenaf growers’ require ments for the coming season, and will provide seed for 600 acres.

The current season’s good return is in contrast to last year when an unfavourable growing season re sulted in a crop failure, and new seed had to be imported from abroad.

Australian Timber for Territory

Port Moresby, June 30.

PORT MORESBY has eased th( local timber shortage by im porting Australian hardwood from Cairns. The Commonwealth Works Department took delivery of 80,000 super feet, the Administran tion had 215,000 s.f. in the ment, and thq balance) went to private contractors.

Of the Administration shipment some was for use at Port Moresby, and the balance was obtained for projects at Rabaul and Kavieng.

Timber has been scarce in the Territory due to the wet season just ended, and although the mills are now all in production, theiri output goes straight out on jobs, with none remaining for the stock pile.

Adelaide

An Adelaide (SA) newspaper had this to say about the Papua-New Guinea con tingent of native police when they re turned from the Coronation at the end cf June: “ . . . They had been surprised: to find the Queen ionga England young fella.

“They had expected Queen Elizabeth to be an old and majestic lady. The natives, who belong to the Royal Papuan and New Guinea constabulary, arrived in Sydney by air from London yesterday.

“Sgt. Kevi (29), said: ‘Me fella lookum London. Findum house longa Queen fella.

“ ‘Queen nlenty young fella, plenty good fella.

“ ‘London plenty big city, longa too many people.’

“Constable Katka, 26, said: “ ‘We go shops longa him London fella, buy um chocolates, see him felial picture him move. Belonga London him fella Dr. Fisher he puttum hat on longa Queen’.’’

Little wonder thait UNO Trusteeship Council (as reported from New York early in July) has had a fit of the horrors over Pidgin! If this is Pidgin!

Papeete, June 20.

irhe old Tahiti brewery, makers the well-known Aorai Beer, is Ling enlarged. The photograph 17 Simpson) shows the old build 's on the left and, on the right, ;3 additions, in course of construc m.

The owners, Etablissements E, irtin, took over the original swery from “Tahiti Joint Ven *e” in 1931. The brewery’s present □acity is about 1,000 barrels a :»nth; under the new conditions, ■should produce 1,600 barrels per >nth. The present brewery em ;>ys about 30 people, and, in addi n to beer, it makes non-alcoholic inks and about 13 tons of ice per v. The well-known brewer, Mr. b Ferman, who has been there 30 years, uses Canadian malt. ifter a very high rainfall during : wet season both Port Moresby, jua, and Rabaul, NG, are now ex iencing trouble with grass fires. »m the middle of May Fire Bri les in both towns were kept busy tecting property and by the end the month huge black patches of ■nt-over grass marked the hill -3S of Fort Moresby.

• The new Administration school — and a 10,000 gallon water tank fed from its roof —was completed in May on Mitiaro. A big job was involved in clear ing and levelling the land and laying out school grounds, planting grass and shade trees. e The vessel “Mahurangi” delivered two diving machines and 24 Manihiki divers to Suwarrow atoll in May. Licen ses have been granted to Mr. Dick Brown and Mr. Piri Moate to do some prelimin ary sampling of the lagoon for MOP. » A mooring and flying-boat tender launch for TEAL at Aitutaki was partly towed and proceeded partly under its own power from Rarotonga recently. It arrived safely at Aitutaki. » Great interest is being shown in Rarotonga in the recently opened Com munity Centre at Ngatangiia. Upwards of 150 people are regularly attending an English class and the Maori class for Europeans is also well attended. Regular talks by visitors and community leaders are & feature of the Centre. Not for a long time has the community spirit so manifested itself in Rarotonga where the old ways are all but dead. © To finance the sending of crippled children to New Zealand for treatment, entertainments and raffles have been held recently in Rarotonga. Costs involved are about £l5O per child and about 35 children are in need of treatment. No Government funds are allocated for this cause. ■'*'

• Rarotonga celebrated the Coronation of tHe Queen with a combined sports meeting at Muri, about 1,700 school children participating in over 200 events.

The day was the occasion of a general picnic at Muri by most of the population of the island.

O The Resident Commissioner’s tree planting programme to beautify the Rarotonga coastal road and to combat

erosion was advanced recently when on one day nearly 500 trees were planted by volunteers along the waterfront from Avarua to Avatiu wharves.

If Mrs. Aubrey Schindler, wife of the O.C. Aiyura Experimental Station in the Eastern NG High'l lands, was in Brisbane with her twJ young sons in July.

In Fiji

SUVA. June 20. the total estimated population U of 312,000 in Fiji at the end of 1952. only about 19,000 are classified as wage earners (says the annual report of the Labour Com missioner) . The figures, however, do not include domestic servants, salary earners, or casual workers, such as stevedoring labour or seasonal cane cutters.

Unemployment was non-existent :n 1952, though £34,700 was voted by ;he Legislature for the relief of destitute aged and unemployable Europeans, part-Europeans, Indians and Solomon Islanders. Fijians in ;his category are cared for by their communities.

The cost of living for Indians rose very slightly during the year, out wages, with a few exceptions, remained generally at the same .evel as in the previous year, rang ng from Hid to 6/2 per hour.

Fijian mine workers, following a threat to strike, gained a wage in crease of 6d to 6/- per day for sur face workers and 7/- for under ground. The strike threat was asso ciated with a demand for money in ieu of rations. The employers main lined that, unless they had control )f the rationing, the Fijian workers vould waste their money and prove inable to ration themselves pro >erly throughout the month. The settlement was made on the basis )f 6d. per day wage increase, the employers to retain control of •ationing.

CSR Co. mill workers, after legotiation, received an increase of /6 per week, with a sick-pay in irease of 6d. per day. Relations in his industry remained good.

Seamen on inter-island vessels, diose wages were over-due for re ision, received a 25 per cent, in rease, average rates now varying etween 8/- and 10/- per day. Only 79 men were involved in this in hstry—with 44 separate employers.

Fijian timber-workers, after .egotiation, gained an increase in beir incentive bonus, resulting in daily earning rise of about 1/-, nd improvements in staff accom xodation.

The largest wage-groups in the ammunity were Indians, 2,917 of le total 9,335 earning 8/- to 10/er day; Fijians, 2,353 of the 8,011 irning 6/- to 8/- per day; and hinese, 123 of the 566 earning 12/- ) 14/- per day. The majority of the 170 Europeans listed earned over )/- per day, though 222 were earn ig 10/- or less.

The report emphasised the urgent sed for greater facilities for train ig skilled workers and the heavy nancial loss and wastage of laterials involved in using so many

113 persons were receiving govern ment training. No apprenticeship system exists. Due mostly to the difficulty of obtaining skilled men from overseas to accept employment in local industries, there are few qualified to train apprentices, untrained workers in industry. Only U MR. G. I. MacLENNAN has re signed from the Commonwealth Works Department at Rabaul, NG.

Mr. T, Dixon, who had been second in-charge at Rabaul, is now the Acting Regional Works Officer.

Mr. MacLennan had been Regional Works Officer at Rabaul since the re-establishment of civil adminis tration after the war, and was very well-known throughout the area.

Party

P. Moresby, July 4.

A SURVEY team of CSIRO scientists arrived in the Terri tory in early July to make a natural resources survey in the Northern District of Papua.

This is the first stage in the long-term programme of assessing the natural resources of the whole of the Territory. The members of the party now working in the Northern District are: Mr. S. J.

Patterson, Geomorphologist; Mr. H.

A. Haantjens, Pedologist; Mr. B. W.

Taylor, Ecologist; Dr. R. G. Hoog land, Systematic Botanist.

t[ In London for the Coronation, Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna was presented with an inscribed antique silver tray by the First National Film Corporation. The tray is inscribed, “Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna With sincere appreciation of his consid erable kindness and co-operation during the filming in Fiji of Warner Bros, production His Majesty O’Keefe—l9s2.”

Twenty-two Pakistani cattle have been quarantine three miles outside of [?]ort Moresby for the last six months, these beasts were presented to the Aus tralian government by Pakistan and were town to Port Moresby by Qantas last December. A remarkable feature of the attle-lift was the fact that the animals [?]ere not permitted to touch the ground taring the 15 stops on the 6,000-mile flight [?]t were exercised and fed in special pens

[?]ttached to the plane, his was to prevent the troduction of cattle seases endemic in Asia [?]at not known in Aus tralia or New Guinea.

The animals have been strict quarantine since [?] arrived in Moresby [?] will remain so at [?] pleasure of the SIRO which will later pervise experimental [?]reeding from them.

They are unusual [?]y oking, small, friendly [?]imals with shining [?]ay coats. Their en osure is surrounded by [?]gh barbed-wire and [?]ire-netting fences and flood-lit at night—in [?]se any village dog [?]ould break through the [?]ard. If a dog did get [?] he would not get out gain alive.

Cars entering and leav ing the station drive trough a cement trough disinfectant, and those ho work with the cattle iter the cattle enclosure

through a shower-room where they put on gum boots and walk through another trough of disinfectant before contact with the cattle. On the return journey, they walk through the disinfectant again, dis robe in the shower room, bathe, and put on fresh clothes before they are permitted into the outer part of the quarantine station.

The photographs show (left) some of the cattle; and (right) one of the officers of the Department of Agriculture walking into the shower-room through the bath of disinfectant.

BSIP’s ‘Kovala’ is Distressingly Costly

A YEAR ago Captain D. M. R.

Maxwell and Mr. John Barley left Sydney with the Kovala for Honiara, in the Solomons. This un fortunate vessel appears to have got no further than Ballina, NSW, where recently she was being ex tensively rebuilt, again.

The Kovala, a 66ft. diesel vessel, was specially built for the British Solomon Islands Government by a Sydney firm. She was launched about four years ago and, in 1951, was undergoing trials in Sydney Harbour. It will be recalled that Kovala graced Sydney waterfront for some 3 years—except for one brief period when she started on her first attempt to reach Honiara, but turned back with engine trouble when some 300 miles out from Sydney.

Expert opinion is that the vessel was badly designed and that the al terations made to improve her, after her first abortive attempt to reach Honiara, have been unsatisfactory.

Two naval architects had a hand in her design and the cost to date is ;n to be at least £70,000 —probably more. Kovala promises to be f en ess useful and less economical than the former Fiji Government vessel Viti was in her heyday.

During June, the freighter Rigo letto called at Rabaul and Madang, NG, to take on a cargo of 5,500 tons of copra for shipment to Sweden.

This sale, made under an agree ment between the Australian Gov ernment and the British Ministry of Food, brought a return of £74 a ton sterling, at Territory ports.

U M. Rene Samourraud—who, un til recently, was the highly-esteemed chief of the Customs Department in French Oceania for six years— has returned to France, after a visit to New Zealand and Australia, with Madame Sabourraud. M, Sabourraud’s place was taken in Papeete by M. Rene Maurel.

What Our Pacific Territories Have to Endure

A CONSIDERABLE section of !i the Europeans in New Guinea did not conceal their animosity •wards the Trusteeship system, ruder which New Guinea is gov :-ned by Australia, said Mr. Enrique s Marchena, of the Dominican Re rablic, in a discussion at the irusteeship Council of the United tations in New York, on July 2.

Ir. de Marchena was a member of ne delegation from the Trusteeship nuncil which visited Micronesia, lauru, New Guinea and Western amoa in April and May.

Mr. de Marchena said that he ad encountered this sentiment also i Australia and, as further evid uce, he quoted statements he had ?en in the Pacific Islands Monthly.

The English member of the dele tion, Mr. W. A. C. Mathieson, lallenged Mr. de Marchena’s pre sntation of the position. He denied lat many Europeans shared those .ews. According to the Australian ssociated Press, Mr. Mathieson >aid it was not entirely fair to jrtray the Pacific Islands Monthly > the mouthpiece of thinking eople in Australia or giving the ews of the European people in the rust Territory.”

(Editorial Note: In Due

•urse, we may receive a fuller re >rt of the discussion, and have •mething to say directly to Mr. iathieson. In the meantime we can sure Mr. Mathieson that 90 per :nt of the people who know any ling about New Guinea conditions and especially the people who live New Guinea —regard the trustee dp Council control of New Guinea ith derision and dislike.) N June, a small party of members of the Australian Parliament visited New Guinea. On return g, one of them—Mr. H. S. Rober n—e xpressed the forthright dnion that United Nations control r er New Guinea was quite un stified and that, in the interests development, and of native wel re, the Territory should be an ixed by Australia. That was an mest opinion, reflecting the views practically all Europeans in New jinea who are free to express emselves.

The important point, of course, is at there is no worth-while future r New Guinea unless private terprise is encouraged to go in d make use of the land, and de lop the great Territory’s un tiited natural resources. Mr. •berton pointed out that this nnot be done under the present stem—even although Australia is ending over £6,000,000 per annum the country because under usteeship there is no security, her in land tenures or in relation future control.

But, within 24 hours, three other members of the Australian Parlia mentary Party—all Socialists —had rushed into print with a united howl against Mr. Roberton. They, of course, supported UNO; con demned any thought of annexation, and the “shocking” suggestion that the land of the natives should be taken from them; referred to the “Fuzzy-wuzzy angels”: and solemnly warned that New Guinea might be come another Malaya or a Mau Mau area—the sort of cliches we have had, ad nauseum, ever since

the Eddie Ward regime, from this type of political sociologist.

The issue is quite simple. New Guinea cannot be effectively de veloped under the present set-up.

Apart from anything else, Aus tralian taxpayers will not continue indefinitely to provide £6 or £7 millions annually for financing socio-anthropological dreams. If Australia does not develop New Guinea effectively, New Guinea in the very nature of things—will be taken over and developed by Asiatics, who will not concern them selves much about native welfare.

WE do not know who Mr.

Mathieson is, or with what authority he speaks. Probably, he is one of that very numerous tribe of politico-sociological theorists who cluster around the United Nations building like bees around a honey-pot, and who have become one of the most embarrassing headaches of this chaotic post-war world.

The value of his conclusions may be seen in another Trusteeship Council debate, wherein (it is re ported) Mr. Mathieson (Britain)' and Mr. Pignon (France) ' un-; equivocally condemned the use 6f !

Pidgin in New Guinea and “urged that every effort be made to replace Pidgin English by English in all in struction in New Guinea.”

Although the NG Administration went to endless trouble and expense in April to show the well-fed and highly decorative Trusteeship Coun cil delegation all over New Guinea, the delegates seem to have learned very little. If they had been only, partially alert, they would have dis covered that use or non-use of Pidgin probably is the Territory’s Number One administrative problem, and the keenest men in the services there have been seeking the solu tion for a long time. They would most willingly discard Pidgin, if they could. But what can they do: to effect reforms in this direction,; when (a) There are scores of different languages among the Territory’s U million people; (b) New Guinea has not even reached the stage where it can supply enough English-speaking youths to be trained as teachers of village schools: (c) Meanwhile, nearly all com munication between Europeans and mtives, in the spheres of adminis tration, commerce and industry, is necessarily carried on in Pidgin, which is so easily learned by all classes, including the illiterate natives, and the literate and semi literate Europeans.

If Messrs Pignon and Mathieson had made some really practical sug gestions, as to how multi-tongued New Guinea can quickly and effec tively change over to simple Eng lish, as its common tongue, they really would have helped.

Speaks Out

'THE inaugural address of the new .. Governor of Guam (Mr. Ford Q.

Elvidge) given to the Guam ESgislature on June 8 was notable c>r its directness of approach. Mr. ividge had been on the Island only

three weeks but it was obvious that he had not wasted any time in making himself fully cognisant of the more pressing problems.

Mr. Elvidge said that before he arrived on the island he had heard ugly rumours and stories concern ing the administration of the De

partment of Medical Services and particularly the Guam Memorial Hospital. He had made an intensive study of the medical services and hospital and found that while there were many features that were com mendable, the administration of the tuberculosis branch of the hospital

Mr. Elvidge

and the care of the TB patients left much to be desired.

The Governor outlined a pro gramme for the betterment of these services and urged the passing of legislation to tighten up the laws

on gambling.

Referring to the twenty-five or more boards, commissions and agencies in the governmental set up, the Governor said, “In a Gov ernment the size of ours here it would seem that there must be a great deal of overlapping. I would suggest that you restudy this phase.

“I hope,” he continued, “that you will have a great deal of money for capital replacements and per manent construction. This island has a terrific need for sound, per manent public structures, par ticularly schools and hospitals. I think our Government is doing too much public work through its own public works department. More of it should be let out in competitive bid ding to private contractors. In that way, you would help build up private enterprise on the Island and at the same time get the work done more cheaply, more speedily and more efficiently.”

Norfolk Island recently had an unscheduled visit from Fijian soldiers when the plane on which they were travelling was diverted to Norfolk because Noumea was closed by bad weather.

Up 8d.

mHE Price Tribunal in Apia, JL Western Samoa, announced that from June 12 the price of petrol will increase by 8d per gallon.

This brings the local price to 5/5

P er gallon. (Western Samoan currency is equal to Sterling).

Cost Qf transportation is the reason given for this steep and un expected increase but the matter will be taken U P a s P ecial select committee of the Legislative As sembly.

Goldfields

Prom Our Own Correspondent WAU, June 23. r T7AU ADVISORY COUNCIL has asked ' * the Papua-New Guinea Administra iod to give consideration to a proposal »r the installation of a hydro electric tower plant for the district. Despite the tiling off in gold mining activities, the iistrict is still growing; cheap electricity lould assist in agricultural development ud maybe, the building of some secon ary industries.

The Council is also concerned at the i-ck of life-saving devices on the barges perating between Labu and Lae. These urges handle the whole of the traffic i'om the Wau-Labu road which is now msiderable owing to heavy consign ees of timber and other commodities »ing forward, and supplies coming in to 'an. The barges are deteriorating at a ipid rate and as they are often buffeted f rough seas during the crossing, the iquest is worthy of urgent attention.

Another matter which concerns the ouncil, and the whole of the residents of le district, is the Jack of aeradio eom unication. There is agitation to esiab >h permanent connection with the ulolo Control Tower, 15 miles distant, t present, this district goes into re rement at the week-end and should an rcraft be urgently needed, there is no eans of contacting the air companies in ie.

The Council would also be interested in arning just who are the member nations GATT (General Agreement of Trade id Tariffs), and what effect the opera »ns of this Association of nations is kely to have on the economy of trade id tariff in this country, A Parliamentary Delegation visited VVau i June 19, and professed itself impressed ith the Wau coffee industry and the ;ricultural potentialities of this valley.

The party also visited New Guinea Oldfields Ltd. installations at Golden idges, and was present during the pour g of the first ingots of smelted bullion nee the Company re-established itself ter war.

The General-Manager of NGG, Mr. John »hnen, explained some of the difficulties reconstruction under present con tions. During the last few years, he id, the mine and mill which were tally destroyed, have been under re nstruction. Since the opening of the olden Ridges Mill by Colonel Murray in 51, mining and timber milling has sus ined the Company to the point of com etion of the cyanide plant which was irted up in April this year. In addition the normal throughput of mine ore, e Company will now retreat the sand ilings from the battery and hopes to 11 approximately 3,000 tons per month.

Mr. Hohnen pointed out that gold min -1 is still the most heavily taxed in stry in New Guinea and that unless me relief from the 5 per cent, royalty

is provided, the industry can be expected to decline. As an example, he said, New Guinea Goldfields Ltd. has contributed more to the New Guinea revenue over the last 4 years than its accumulated profit over the same period.

Vatukoula

r:E Governor of Fiji, Sir Ronald Garvey, with Lady Garvey, visited the Vatukoula goldfields-area of Fiji at the end of May. At Tavua Village there was a Fijian welcome ceremony and meke, at which a tabua was presented to His Excellency.

After the Fijian ceremony, Mrs.

J. Turner of the Tavua Hotel, handed a cheque for £3O to Lady Garvey. This amount had been donated to the “Gift Parcels Fund for Malaya” by the people of Tavua.

On the night of May 30, the vice regal party attended a Coronation Ball at Vatukoula.

If Dr. W. H. Macdonald, Senior Medical Officer, BSI, has been appointed Medical Superintendent at Makogai leprosy hospital. Dr.

F. R. T. Hollins, at present Medical Superintendent, Tamavua Sana torium, Fiji, succeeds Dr. Macdonald in the Solomons.

Dutch Ng

DR. J. VAN BAAL, the new Governor of Dutch New Guinea, who recently arrived in Hollandia to take up his official duties, is no stranger to peoples in South Pacific regions.

Born at Scheveningen, near the Hague, in 1909, Dr. van Baal took a degree at Leyden University in 1934, going to Merauke in Dutch NG in 1936 and Java in 1938. His native research work at Lombok in the Dutch East Indies was inter rupted in 1941 by the Japanese invasion.

After the war, Dr. van Baal went to Holland, returning to the Indies in 1948 as Assistant Resident. The next year he was appointed to tele control of the office for Popula tion Affairs at Hollandia. Last year he was elected a member of the Dutch Lower House and left New Guinea to take an active part in parliamentary affairs in the Nether lands.

His appointment seems to indi cate the Netherlands’ Government’s determination not to yield to the Indonesian claims on Dutch NG.

H Mr. Brian McCook, late of Tas man Empire Airways and formerly Df the RNZAF, joined Fiji Airways as a pilot in May.

This very large block of modern offices is being built for Burns Philp (NG), Ltd., in Port Moresby. When completed, some Government Departments will have offices in the building. The new offices are opposite the new BP store that was opened at the beginning of the year and next to the old BP building with the tower which was long a Port Moresby landmark.

Pest Is Now

Fiji’s War Against Rhino Beetle

SUVA, June 30.

AS Rhinoceros Beetle survey teams push further out from the Suva area, it becomes in creasingly evident that, contrary to earlier hopes, the infestation, though light, is widespread on Viti Levu.

When the Eradication Board met on June 12 it reported evidence of beetle damage up the Navua and Waidina Valleys, and at a point on the South Coast near Veivatuloa (about 13 miles airline from Suva).

During that week it was also demonstrated that present quaran tine measures against further in festation in the Suva area are in adequate. A fantastic incident occurred on Suva wharf, which shows how the beetles arrived—and still are arriving.

A stevedore was talking on the wharf to the bosun of Matua when he noticed a well-developed speci men nerched on the bosun’s cap.

The osun had just come out of a rope locker on the ship, which had come in from Apia, en route to New Zealand.

The authorities, up to now, have been working on the assumption that all would be well if hatches that had been opened at Vavau- Apia were kept closed at Suva, and only other hatches worked. The fact, however, is that beetles may hide in any part of the ship’s living

accommodation, ventilators, store rooms, etc.

The Board announced at its June 12 meeting that, as the infestation on Viti Levu is widespread, no useful purpose can now be served in continuing the vehicle inspec tions at Nausori and Navua bridges.

'lnspections now will be confined to vessels and aircraft leaving Viti Levu for other parts of the Group.

The original plan to destroy □reeding places will have to be abandoned, as being impracticable over a very wide area which in cludes extensive forest. A revised □lan of campaign will now be con sidered.

The Board recommends that "egulations be enacted to restrict :he shipment of plants, etc., from Viti Levu to other islands, to per mits only. The possibility of divert ing much of the outer islands’ ship ping trade to Levuka instead of Suva is under consideration, as, ulthough likely hiding-places can be examined on a vessel, there must remain many inaccessible parts vhere a beetle may hide. Mean vhile, an additional shipping in ipector will be appointed for Suva.

Although nearly all of the 1670 jredatory beetles received from rrinidad have been liberated as a counter to the Rhinoceros Beetle, it vas not yet known for certain vhether these will actually attack he Rhinoceros larvae, though it is irobable that they will. In any case, he Trinidad beetles can do no harm.

Experiments are continuing, the Joard reported, with an insecticide rtiich is lethal at the larval stage, f successful, this presumably will ie used as a spray in plantations.

Beetle survey teams found beetle lamage in the Sigatoka Valley, 60 [files west of Suva, late in June.

To date, 55 adult bettles have been ound in Fiji—2o in compost heaps, 3 on palms, 8 in dead coconut or ago palms, 6 on the ground, 3 in ead logs, 3 attracted to bright ights, 1 in a ship—and one on a osun’s cap on the Suva wharf.

RECENTLY the Japanese Navy LV held its first post-war man oeuvres, when 15 motor launches nd trawlers and an unarmed har our vessel put out to sea from 'okohama. Normally, the little fleet pends its time lifting and laying uoys around Yokohama harbour nd is officially known as the [aritime Safety Agency—a civilian rganisation. Ten freighters pre mted by the United States, 23 mding craft, and some mine veepers complete the Japanese nperial Fleet of 1953.

When Japan attacked Pearl Har- Dur on December 7, 1941, her Navy insisted of 10 battleships, 3 major ircraft carriers, 35 cruisers, 106 de iroyers and 70 submarines. All were >st in the Pacific War. Now, says le Japanese Prime Minister, the Dst of one battleship would wreck le economy of the nation.

JI On June 17, Pilot W. E. Passlow, of New Guinea, flew into- Cairns, Qld., with a borrowed motor in his aircraft. Passlow was forced down on the beach 80 miles north of Cooktown two weeks previously after an engine failure. He was en route to NG. The replacement engine was loaned by the North Queensland Aero Club.

fl The Rev. Fr. J. Walter, SM, has lately been transferred from Namosi, Fiji, to Loreto, Ovalau Island, and his place has been taken by the Rev. Fr. R. McDonnell, SM. The Rev. Fr. J. Verbays, SM, formerly of Loreto, departed from Fiji re cently on his first visit home to Europe since leaving there in 1936.

Fiji’S Population

Suva, May 20.

OFFICIAL figures show an in crease in the total population of Fiji, during 1952, of 10,719.

Indians increased by 5,470 and Fijians by 2,998.

The natural increase was 28.52 per thousand—the Indian rate in creasing slightly, and the Fijian rate falling.

Indian females outnumber Fijian females now by about 3,000. Of the total population, 62 per cent, is under 25 years of age, with 10,077 more Indian than Fijian females in this group, and 4,047 more Fijian than Indian females over the age of 45.

Though Fijian mortality was the fourth lowest on record, infant mor tality was the highest since 1946, especially with infants of up to two years. The cause of this trend is not explained in the report.

Estimated population figures as at December 31, 1952:

Europeans .. .. .. .. 7,980 Fijians .. .. .. .. 135,877 Islanders .. .. .. . . 4,498 Chinese .. .. .. .. 3,719 Mixed . . . . 7,298 Indians .. .. 148,802 Rotumans .. .. .. .. 3,845 Others .. .. ... 659 Total .. .. .. .. 312,678

IN implementation of the Gov ernor’s promise on opening the Budget Session of the Fiji Legislative Council last year, a Fiscal Review Committee has now been appointed.

It will consider and recommend on the general pattern of Govern ment revenue and expenditure, hav ing regard to the Colony’s resources, the incidence and effects of taxa tion on the various branches of the community, on industry and on in centive to investment.

Chairman of the Committee is Acting Colonial Secretary (Mr. A, W.

Davidson, MBE) and the other members are Mr. A. R. Smith, MBE (Comptroller of Customs), Ratu K. K. T. Mara, Mr. J. N. Falvey, Mr. H. E. Snell, and Mr. Said Hasan.

The Committee invites the public to submit views on any matter which it would like considered.

U Miss Isabel Lowata Barrack, only daughter of Mr. and Mrs. F. W.

Barrack, of Suva, announced her engagement in June to Mr. Trevor Charles Payne, second son of Mr. and Mrs. F. T. Payne, of Suva.

The Cook Islands

The Spread of Disease Troubles of the Citrus Industry Lack of Adequate Water Supply and Shipping

By W. H. Watson

Although a member of the Raro tongan Island Council for eight years, Mr. W. H. Watson was re cently defeated in the election for \he European member. He has lived \n the Cook Islands for many years and is a widely respected member :of the community.

He has been an unsparing critic of the Administration and it is suggested that the bureaucrats of the Cook Islands “ganged up” on Mr. Watson and openly advocated he candidatures of his two rivals, is 72 of the 134 voters on the Euro pean roll are officials or their wives, Mr. Watson evidently was at a dis tdvantage.

Some European residents of the look Islands advocate that no Euro pean have the right to vote in Council elections until he or she has ived there for 3 years (12 months s the qualifying period at present).

Uso that the Euronesian wives of European residents have the right o vote for European members of he Council. They believe that NZ mblic servants and their wives, in

the Cook Islands for a short 3-year term, have an overwhelming voice in Cook Is. local affairs under the present voting arrangements.

THERE Is much evidence of New Zealand’s desire to do a good administrative job in the Cook Islands, but unfortunately this de sire is not producing many results.

The Cook Island Annual Report for the year ended March 31, 1952 (the latest available), makes fair reading but an inquiring mind will see much to arouse scepticism. For instance, on the subject of leprosy the report says; “Although endemic in the Group, there are not a great many cases, but these are detected

by periodic survey and transferred to Makogai for treatment.”

Yet, in the medical report pre sented to the 1952 session of the Cook Islands’ Legislative Council, it is stated that 45 new cases of leprosy had recently been found in a survey at Aitutaki Island. These figures speak for themselves: In 1948 : 8 cases sent to Makogai.

In 1950; 20 cases sent to Makogai.

In 1952: 62 cases now in Aitu taki.

The Chief Medical Officer refer ring to the 1952 figures stated: “This immediately poses a consid erable problem as to their segrega tion, treatment and transport. Dr.

Austin, superintendent at Makogai (the central Pacific leprosarium) has expressed alarm at the figures so far reported, and has stated that he cannot accommodate such a number, particularly the children. (41 of the 62 cases were children).

Under the heading of “Tuber culosis” the report states that dur ing the period under review con siderable advances had been made, including the extension to the sanitarium buildings. Dr. T. A. R. H.

Davies, Chief Medical Officer, who attends the Legislative Council as an adviser, said in 1951 that eight per cent, of the peoples of the Cook Islands were suffering from TB— that is 1,200 out of 15,000 population.

Compare those figures with those of New Zealand: 10,048 TB sufferers in a population of 1,914,120. If NZ had the same percentage as the

Cook Islands there would be over 135,000 cases, and the public would want to know what was wrong.

Although the extensions to the Sanitarium allow for an increase of its beds from 36 to 64, the beds are without patients—many of us ask ourselves whether this is be cause there is no money available ‘° P ri ay J he salaries ol th « extra stafl needed.

Citrus Industry

yN 1936 Parliamentarv delesa- I a r-aruamentary aeiega - the Islands and re “ commenaea. (a) The establishment of a central packing shed and cool store in Avarau, Rarotonga, and (b) Provision of adequate suit aWe shipping services between the Island and New Zealand.

The New Zealand Government of that day put £30,000 in the Cook Island Estimates for the packing shed and cool store. The growers are still waiting for the shed, the store and the adequate shipping.

Meanwhile what has happened to the £30,000? (PIM, for June, reported that the NZ Government had approved allo cation of £ll,OOO for a cool store, to hold fruit brought from the local orchards and from the Outer Islands.) The 1952 report states that “work is proceeding rapidly in clearing the sites for the shed and store so that building can commence as soon i as plans are completed and arrange ments made for a construction team to build it.” The italics are ours.

Rarotongans may well wonder if it will take another 17 years for plans to be finalised, and a further lengthy period for the building to be com pleted.

It was not until 1947 that any real attempt was made by the Gov ernment to encourage the growers to replant citrus trees. Some 300 acres have now been planted. When this acreage comes into bearing, plus private planting, there will be over 200,000 cases of citrus fruit annually for the NZ market.

However, this represents just a small part of the land suitable for citrus growing; 4,000 acres are lying idle. If vigorous planting could be undertaken now, this additional acreage could provide a further 1,800,000 cases per annum making a total of over two million cases of oranges, mandarines and tangerines available to the NZ market.

Mr. D. M. Rae, MP, of Auckland, who recently visited the Islands, praised the efforts being made to reorganise the citrus industry, but said a reliable shipping service was essential if wastage of fruit was to be avoided, and shipping is a bigger headache than any other Cook Islands’ problem.

Water Supply Systems

The 1952 Cook Islands’ Report states that “in Rarotonga is a re ticulated water system fed from five intakes, all of doubtful purity and volume. Considerable investigation work has been carried out, and after analyses of water intakes at pre sent in use and projected, the pro gramme of further reticulation and provision of purification facilities will be put into effect.”

Dr. Irwin, Chief Medical Officer in 1948, had this to say about the Takuvaine intake: “The intake there is an old 44 gallon drum in the creek bed. The valley about the in take is intensively cultivated and is subject to intense pollution. For Avarua, I wish to recommend that the Takuvaine Valley intake be closed up. I consider this is medic ally urgent as the area above the intake is subject to gross infection and pollution.”

It was recently reported that Rarotonga Public Works concen

trated on improvements in the Takuvaine intake during a dry spell last February—that is just on five years after Dr. Irwin made his re port.

At the 1948 session of the Legis lative Council a petition signed by 1,803 people of Rarotonga was pre sented, asking the Government of NZ to put into operation in Raro tonga a scheme to ensure that all the inhabitants might obtain an adequate supply of clean, pure water.

An engineer was sent down to make an inspection. The 1952 Cook Islands Public Works report says that the question of the overall water supply for Rarotonga still re mains with the Ministry of Works

in NZ. All gauges and tests re quired have been completed by this department and the final report and recommendation are awaited.

On the island of Atiu lack of proper drinking and domestic water has resulted in a serious outbreak of Yaws, the figures being over 800 cases out of a population of 1,270.

Shipping

“When citjrus production from the Eewly replanted areas is at its Eeight, the need will arise for jirther shipping space to cope with jicreased exports.” That sentence capears identically in both 1951 and i)52 Reports, which is strikingly 3gnificant in itself. 1 The Islands have relied for many ears on the NZ Government motor essel Maui Pomare. In February, )52, the new Tofua, built for the inion Steam Ship Co. Ltd., came i to the general Pacific run and had been thought that the Matua ould become available to assist in .oving the increased exports of the ook Islands. This has not tran oired and the 1952 report vaguely ates that “it is hoped that the ivent of the new vessel (the ofua) will tend to make additional nipping available.”

There is no doubt that shipping rvices were greatly hampered last ;ar by the shipping strike in NZ, id it should be possible to improve ie service this year, although •ospects are far from bright with ie withdrawal from service of the ixiliary ketch Ranui.

Every year thousands of boxes of matoes are lost because of the ck of shipping. To many Islanders matoes are their main crop. An her flourishing industry the tnana trade —was killed by the ir. Attempts have been made to vive it but the Maui Pomare has )t the space to carry the fruit,

so growers refuse to plant any more and a valuable trade is lost.

Economic Survey

Is it not time to consider whether the present bureaucratic remote control of the Islands by the De partment of Island Territories in Wellington has had its day? An economic survey of the Islands should be made and an Executive Council appointed to rationalise ex penditure.

Islanders are hoping that the re cent appointment of Mr. J. B.

Wright as Secretary of the Island Territories Department will result in an improvement as this is the first appointment of an officer with wide experience in the Cook Islands, Western Samoa and Niue.

Papuan Spear Fishing Club (For Europeans)

THE Papuan Spear Fishing Club will be represented on the Aus tralian Underwater Spear Fish ing Association which was formed at Tweed Heads, NSW, on June 16, 1953.

When the Federal Association was formed, Mr. Douglas Garth told the meeting that Papua now had a spear fishing club of 42 mem bers. It had been formed by Mr.

Poulton, of Brisbane, a Common wealth employee now at Port Moresby.

All members of the Papuan club at present are Europeans.

H Mr. R. B. Ackland, Commissioner of Inland Revenue, has retired after 36 years’ service with the Fiji Gov ernment. He has now been engaged by the Fijian Affairs Board as Financial Adviser and Treasurer.

Met. Station

rwas the intention of the New Zealand Meteorological Service to establish equipment for the measurement of upper winds at Rarotonga, Cook Is. this year, but it is now learnt that this plan has been shelved for an indefinite period.

The equipment will probably be installed at Funafuti, Ellice Group.

Three Cook Islanders who under went a training course on similar equipment at Nadi, returned home from Fiji late May. One at least of these observers was reported to be highly skilled in the use of the

equipment.

The equipment measures the velocity and direction of the winds high above the earth by means of radar —a balloon with a metal re flecting device being followed by the radar through the clouds.

Earlier methods using a theodolite were useless through cloud. Another device known as a radio sonde, attached to the same balloon, is a miniature radio transmitter, which automatically transmits certain signals which are governed by the temperature, humidity and baro metric pressure. A receiver on the ground thus obtains a record of upper air conditions which are essential for preparation of aircraft forecasts of icing conditions at high altitudes.

The information is of great im portance to jet aircraft. Recording stations are required at points off the main aircraft routes as well as those already established on the routes across the Pacific.

Their Excellencies, Sir Ronald and Lady Garvey, entertained about 1,200 guests at Government

House, Suva, at a Coronation Gar den Party on June 11. The grounds were still soft from heavy rains but the weather was fine and the guests, from the verandahs, en joyed a musical programme by the Band of the Fiji Military Forces.

Pleasure was added to the function by the excellent catering provided by the RNZAF.

Tourist Business Visitors Discouraged by Hotel Conditions

From Our Own Correspondent SUVA, June 20.

IFF W. Samoa, having finally I thrashed out the pros and cons of tourism, decides that the in lustry is one worth cultivating, the :ountry may find itself saddled with very bad name to live down.

Recently, travellers who have pent some time there have come way with a very bad impression, liven tourist agents who have topped over longer than the brief •eriod that the TEAL Solent re gains are admitting that there is denty to grouse about.

At at least two of the hotels TEAL day” is known as “hot water lay”— the only day in the week /hen hot water flows from the taps. )n that day the management makes tself evident. For the remainder f the time the places are run by he staff according to the degree of heir tropical lassitude.

In one hotel special crockery is Iso brought forth on “TEAL day,” o be hastily replaced by the well hipped utility ware as the Solent’s lotors die in the distance. Though he tariff is 28/- per day, there is io choice of food on the menu and he average person, to stave off unger, has to supplement it by eat ng out.

Towels are changed once per week -less frequently if there are no omplaints. Tropical fruits, accord ng to one overseas tourist, are bsent from hotel menus.

The tourist dreaming of gorging imself on the best of pineapples, ananas, oranges and other fruits are in cooler climes, finds that what > available is usually of poorer uality than the same article avail ble back home.

Tourists who expect to find de cious fruit salads —and plenty of ;e cream—as a regular item on the lenu, are advised to stay at home y Americans and others who have ecently been in Apia.

Laundry is another discourage lent; shirts cost 2/-, trousers 3/nd other items are in proportion; le work often poorly done.

More than one tourist arriving in uva recently has let it be known lat he will certainly warn his fiends off Samoa as a tourist play round; and some claim that Suva > not much better.

“Before Americans start pouring aeir dollars out along the Coral toute things will have to be a lot etter than they are,” one American mrist agent declared. “A shortage f accommodation is no excuse for fie poor standard of the existing ccommodation and services. The lakings are there —and Americans

are prepared to pay—lF they get the service.

“My impression is that though some Samoans oppose exploitation by tourists, they are all unanimous as regards exploiting the tourist.”

If Captain W. Whitefield, who is due to retire from the Union Steam Ship Co. next year, will take com mand of the company’s trans pacific freighter Waitemata for the remainder of his service, after delivering the old Aorangi to ship breakers in the United Kingdom. fl Dr. Ray Dudley, a distinguished Indian Minister of the Methodist Church in New Zealand, is to con duct a mission in Fiji in August- September. Dr. Dudley is recog

nised in New Zealand as an out standing preacher.

For Sale

Fron? Our Own Correspondent SUVA, June 25.

THE well-known old Melbourne Hotel with its freehold site was advertised for sale in Suva during June. The hotel stands on a valuable site on Victoria Parade, with MacArthur Street and Car narvon Street on two other sides.

It is opposite the Carnegie Library and Fiji Visitors’ Bureau.

It is understood that part of the property will be taken over under the Suva Town Planning scheme to widen MacArthur Street.

Pacific Islands

Growth and Character of a New Movement

of the resolutions passed at Jvf the Second South Pacific Con ference, held at Noumea in lApril, expressed awareness of the rvalue and importance of “co operatives” in the production, trans port and marketing of copra and icther commodities, and in securing tfair prices to the native producers.

The South Pacific Commission rwas requested to intensify its efforts rto encourage and develop the co operative movement and to place [specialist advisers at the disposal of Islands Administrations requesting isuch assistance. Specialist confer ences are planned for next year on technical aspects of the co-operative [movement.

Native co-operative organisation is now being strongly encouraged by most of the South Pacific Islands Governments—Fiji, Gilbert and Ellice, Solomons, Papua-New Guinea, for example. There was an important conference of Fijians in relation to Co-operatives recently.

IN view of this interest in the co operatives in the South Pacific area, a paper entitled “The Co

operative Movement in Papua and New Guinea,” prepared by the Registry of Co-operative Societies, Port Moresby, for the South Pacific Commission, is of significance.

The paper briefly describes the be ginning of group economic activities and how, in the early post-war years, Native Affairs Officers began to investigate the ramifications of the Co-operative movement. It was then realised thkt the Administra tion had an unprecedented oppor tunity of providing the native people with a planned pattern of social and economic development through their own efforts. The Native Economic Development Ordinance, 1951, made it possible for the Native Societies to be registered and given adequate protection.

To-day there are 110 existing Native Societies in P-NG. It has needed patient effort to amalgamate the vast number of small Societies into the worthwhile organisations now existing. There are three main types of Co-operative activity in the Territory. They deal with consump tion, production and the provision of services.

CONSUMER Societies originated in the natives’ desire to own their own trading stores. There are 19 Societies which operate con sumer stores solely and 72 Societies which operate consumer stores in conjunction with other activities, a total number of 91. These 91 Societies had a total store turnover of

'115,800 during the year 1951-52 the final quarter is estimated) an increase of £46,576 over the previ ous year’s figures.

There are 89 Producer Societies, whose main crop is copra. These Societies are important because of their contribution to the economy of the Territory in the exportation of a commodity in world-wide de mand. Their copra sales during 1951-52 yielded £65,750 (in the previ ous year the total was £30,347). The inadequacy of transport seriously handicapped activities and a group of native Societies amalgamated to purchase a vessel at a cost of £7,000.

It is fully employed carrying copra from the Gulf Division to Port Moresby, backloading store goods for Consumer stores. rfIHERE are only two Service Societies —both in the Central Division of Papua. They are ermed Builder Societies, and con vlst of groups of natives with van 's qualifications applicable to con ctional contracting. lie members join, their ability sessed and the Society tenders v construction work, such as build and cementing. Tools and con ting equipment are bought with members’ capital contributions, bers receive wages based on assessed skill, and any surplus mg is retained for later dis til out ion.

This retention of surplus is im portant in that it enables reserves to be made against possible unem ployment of members. It also makes possible the acquisition of suitable assets, thereby enabling higher types of contracts to be undertaken.

The services of these two Societies are in great demand.

/"X)-OPERATIVE Officers on being Vj posted to a District begin classes of instruction in Co operative principles, procedure, book keeping and general business prin ciples. This is a major task, as can be appreciated when it is realised that many members of the classes are semi-literate, and often com

hetely illiterate. So enthusiastic *re the natives for this training nat in many cases tribal differ nces have: been submerged. 1 These Co-operative schools are [Derating at 6 centres—Kikipi and nu (Gulf Division), Gehua (Milne ?ay), Sohano (Bougainville), and ravieng (New Ireland). The sixth ;hool, at Port Moresby, as well as raining natives as store managers :nd office-bearers, provides trained native inspectors employed by the idministration to assist the work I the Co-operative Officers.

The average number of students Bing trained as storemen at each )o-operative School on outstations 18, and the period of instruction aries from 6 weeks to 3 months.

Specialised technical training is Iso arranged and natives are at resent trained to operate saw-mills, nd in seamanship, engineering, nimal husbandry and cane furni ure making.

“An examination of the future pos bilities of Co-operatve develop lent reveals,” says the report, “that le movement has a real value both or the native people and the Ter tory as a whole.”

CHE report instances the trend towards the formation of So cieties into representative Asse rtions as evidenced by the three ssociations now in existence in the •ulf, New Ireland and Bougainville •istricts.

According to the report, the aim to extend this concept of Associa on to all groups, and the next ,ep in logical sequence will be the malgamation of Associations in a Wholesale Union. Such a body, it thought, would be able to affiliate it h Co-operative organisations [ready existent in Australia and yerseas, providing both a source : supply and a market for export.

Suitable transport will be one of le major requirements of Societies, ative economic development has, ) far, been concentrated in the jastal regions, the nature of the irrain making the construction of >ads difficult and costly to main tin. Shipping, therefore, is the Dvious solution, and the officials link that widespread acquisition of nail coastal vessels is a future de dopment which can be confidently iticipated.

A note of warning is sounded in le conclusion of the report: the mger of an economy based on ono-culture is stressed. Efforts to versify the production of Societies ive largely failed because the high :ice of copra attracts producers i the coconut field only.

Miss Ulric Cole, California-born riter and composer, passed through Sidney in May, en route to Tahiti, here she plans to live. “The tempo : life in Tahiti is so much more isurely,” she says. “No one worries, d one bustles, and the people are le happiest I have ever known.”

THE Australian Communist organ, Tribune, on May 27, insisted that recent events in New Guinea provided evidence of cruel oppression of the natives by the Menzies Government, and called upon the Labour movement to agitate for the release of the un happy men who had been arrested.

The effect of it was spoiled, how ever, when the writer got his geo graphy all mixed, and said that a police patrol entered a native village in the Mendi area and told the inhabitants they would have to pay a head tax and be controlled by a Government-nominated council.

Mendi is probably 800 miles from

with a crutch. fn deluded Ma&e R. Petitbon (wife of the Governor of French Oceania) and Monsieur and Madame M. vienne and children. M. Vienne has £ een manager 0 f the Papeete branch f the Bank of jndo china for three zr “ y Monsieur Gaston Sully, Secretary- General in Tahiti for the past two years, returned to France in mid- June. He has been in the French diplomatic service in all parts of the world for 25 years.

In Cook Islands

Letter to the Editor jfT is surprising, to say the least, 11 that Mr. Rae, with his qualifi cations, should have been noodwinked into the statement jipon teacher-trainees that appears in the article in your May number, “Future of Cook Islands.”

Rarely have I read such a short sighted suggestion as that Raro >ongan teacher-trainees should be trained to a standard lower than [he NZ ‘C’ Certificate, but adequate, s he saw it, (I am glad of that i-eservation, and really must ques tion his eyesight) for local require ments.

I should like to know if local re liuirements have been established ind if they have been accepted at i lower than usual level, particu larly in' view of the intended (some Hay) establishment of Tereora College. I should like to know also :f the lower standard suitable for ocal requirements would be based apon less teaching method or less übject knowledge. Such a method >f training would require a special iepartment in the NZ Training Colleges, or a Training Depot in Rarotonga, both unpractical; vhereas the earlier establishment »f the College, which has been )igeon-holed for so many years, night partly solve the problem.

Whichever way it is looked at, the suggestion represents something fought against for years in the in terests of educational progress; and to accept it would be a retrograde step—unless a highly educated Rarotongan population that might think for itself is something not wanted.

There are some young teachers in Rarotonga with more natural ability than many (so-called) trained NZ teachers, but lack proper training and the opportunity now to acquire it. There are older teachers with little training of any sort, but with more natural ability as teachers than some NZ teachers.

They realise their inefficiencies and plead for proper training, but no opportunity or legislation exists to give it.

Wherever there are Cook Island

teachers capable of further train ing they should be given it now, irrespective of service, and a sys tem should come into effect where by young teachers who have the ability are trained on an equality with NZ teachers and are remuner ated accordingly.

Any “difficulty” would be over come by stipulating a number of years of teaching in NZ after train ing. If, upon their return to Raro tonga at the end of this period, their higher salaries still tended to upset the economic set-up in the Cook Islands, this would have to be accepted for the general benefit of the population. In view of the pre sent policy to replace seconded NZ headmasters by Cook Island teachers, there is no question of the necessity for fully training them for SUCh Work. (Next Page)

Cook Islands may be a white ele phant, a drag upon the NZ tax payers’ pockets, but this is no ex cuse for allowing £.s.d. to be a bar to progress. In our present progress cowards equal rights of races, be they coloured or white, there must be "equal advantages and oppor tunities. Having forced a taste of European ways upon these Islands people, administrations cannot deny them a full meal —if they demand it and can digest it.

It might be argued that the cost of such official visits to the Islands might well be put towards the train ing of Islands teachers. Concern ing the shipping services required by the Cook Islands, it might be said that the words spoken over years upon the same subject could well have been put into actions in stead.

I am, etc.

Ex-Raro

June 17.

Western Samoa

Suffers

APIA, June 25.

ALTHOUGH we have record trade figures, and the Territory shows abundant signs of great pros ;r ty, the trading section of our community is suffering cruelly.

There is an acute shortage of .ot a bottle can be obtained :. ihe Government Stores at any price.

Tier our liquor laws, the New Zealand administrative authority has a complete monopoly of the liquo supply, and only persons ap pro v l by officials can receive alco

holic beverages—when there are any available. The whole system is under bitter criticism.

If Mr. and Mrs. John Trotter de parted from Suva for New Zealand on retirement at the end of June.

Mr. Trotter ends 40 years’ service in the Islands, at first as founder of the Tonga Agricultural College, then, after World War I, with Burns Philp & Co. as Manager, Haapai.

He remained with that company, going to Levuka in the early 1930’5, thence to the Suva head office of Burns Philp (SS) Co. Ltd.. w r here he eventually became General Man ager and a Director. He has been a nominated member of the Fiji

Legislative Council for the past 6 years and, later, Chairman of the Suva Chamber of Commerce. £50,000 has been allotted initially for the replacement of paper walled houses in Port Moresby.

There are 23 of these temporary dwellings. The building is to be done by the Administration Works Branch with the assistance of Native Co-operative Building- Societies. Six bungalows for Ad ministration single officers at Rabaul will be built by the United Builders Company and supervised by the Administration Works Branch. The bungalows will each provide quarters for two single officers.

Growing Population Nearing 90,000

APIA, June 25.

AN analysis of the Census taken on September 25, 1951, has just been published, and the figures ;are exceedingly interesting. Five censuses have been taken since 1921. when Western Samoa came under INew Zealand administration, and Ithe intercensal comparisons show a wery remarkable rate of population iincrease:

This applies to the whole popula tion. The rate of increase for Samoans is higher, and stands now at 28.41 per cent, on the 1945 census.

The figures for Europeans show a decrease, explained by excess of emigration, and a more rigid in terpretation of status, which led many persons of European descent to declare themselves of Samoan status in 1951. Among Samoans, there was an excess of immigration over emigration, from 1945 to 1951, amounting to 2,658.

Compared with New Zealand, there is a relatively high proportion of young people in the age groups up to 29 years.

The following table shows the total population as on September 25, 1951:

The 1951 census shows 13 cen tenarians among full Samoans —11 men and 2 women. Among full and part-Europeans none are shown above the age of 90.

A total of 13,500 Samoan women reported 59,334 children born to them—an average of 4.5 to each

woman. The corresponding figures for Europeans show 3.5 children per woman.

It is noted that 81 per cent, of the Samoan population are fully literate in the vernacular, and 17.3 per cent, read English as well. The remaining 19 per cent, are not actually illiterate, but only some 14 to 15 per cent, can be classed as such —the census returns being considered inaccurate to this extent.

Females show a higher percentage of literacy than males.

The villages of the Apia town area have a combined population of 11.840, while residents of European status provide an additional 4,000 persons: so the total population of Apia is about 16,000.

Of the Samoan population, 79,600

were born in Western Samoa. Of the Europeans, 3,930 were born in Western Samoa and 826 outside.

The latter were born in:—New Zea land 192, Australia 53, Fiji 53, United Kingdom 37, other British countries 76, China 177, American Samoa 105, USA 51, Germany 25, France 16, other countries 32. There are 3,861 British subjects and 895 foreign subjects, divided as follows: Germany 359, USA 199, China 169, Denmark 62, Sweden 38, France 25, other countries 43.

In religion, 46,911 Samoans (or more than half) belong to the Lon don Missionary Society. Next in strength are Roman Catholics, 15,242; followed by 13,000 Method ists, 3,275 Latter Day Saints,. 842 Seventh Day Adventists, 65 Samoan

Percent, incr. on Previous Period Increases census 1921-26 ... 3.886 ... 10.7 1926-36 ... 15,717 .. . . 39.0 1936-45 ... 12,251 ... 21.9 1945-51 . . . . 16,712 ... 24.5

Upolu

Savaii Total

Europeans M .. . . 2,466 206 2,672 F . . . . 1,922 162 2,084 Tot. 4,388 368 4,756 Samoans M . . .. 29,165 11,953 41,118 F 27,795 11,240 39,035 Tot. 56,960 23,193 80,153 Total M . . 31,631 12,159 43,790 F .. 29,717 11,402 41,119 Tot. 61,348 23,561 84,909 At the 1945 census. the total

population

Samoans was: , 62,422

Europeans .

5,775 Total . . 68,197

Congregationalists and 4 Church of England.

Record Trade Figures

IN the year ended December 31, 1952, the trade "turnover in Western Samoa (total of exports and imports) was £3,465,874 Sterl-j mg, which was £549,000 more than 1951, and an all-time high. Imports were £1,687,790; exports £1,778,084.

Exports in detail;

Cocoa exports represented 33 per cent, of produce exported in 1952.

Exported cocoa will show a consid erable increase in quantity and value in 1953. United Kingdom took 43 per cent, of our cocoa, New Zea land 4 per cent., Australia 7 per cent., and USA 44 per cent.

Copra was 61 per cent, of our total produce exports—92 per cent, went to United Kingdom and remainder to New Zealand.

Produce exported in 1952 went to United Kingdom, £971,031; Canada, £161; Australia, £167,897; Fiji, £446; New Zealand, £222,168: Italy, £4,067; United States, £331,736 American Samoa, £1,071.

Imports originated in New Zea-| land, £309,075; United Kingdom, £252,468: USA, £141,513; Australia, £236,100; Canada, £71.264: other countries, £184,278,

Cocoa, tons 1952 2,448 1951 3,212 „ value £596,262 £801,001 Copra, tons 17,037 14,619 „ value Bananas, cases . £1,086,642 £781.172 65,590 62,914 „ value . £55,818 £53,376 Rubber, lbs 192,517 82,938 „ value £16,742 £14,232

Its Dollars

From Our Own Corresponded.

APIA, June 12. I FOLLOWING representations by European elected members of? the Legislative Assembly of Western Samoa, the Govern-] ment has released additional] dollars to the equivalent of i £5tg.42,500 for the importation of goods from hard currency areas. £5tg.24,500 of this amount will be used for motor vehicles and spare! parts and the balance for other] essential goods.

Total dollar-allocations for 1953 are £152,500, or 57 per cent, of I Western Samoa’s dollar earnings in 1952.

In the last five years, Western] Samoa has exported goods to the] total of £Stg. 1,286,674 to dollar j countries, and has imported from dollar countries goods to the value] of £5tg.1,035,064. (I Mrs. A. Strotter, former lessee of] the Rarotonga Hotel, and more re-| cently of New Zealand, went to Apia! in May to take over the manage-J ment of the “Cool Corner” Cafe. I

'"'HE Trustees of the Fiji War Memorial Anti-TB Fund have issued their rc irt on activities for 1952. ; Funds were swelled during the year by mations totalling £2,739—£2,160 of *ich was provided by the Governmenl <»m the disposal of Japanese war assets the Colony.

Expenditure during the year amounted £9,876, leaving a credit balance at ► cember 31 of £63,221. Most of this rm is invested in bonds or on fixed de sit, the interest from which totalled 1,236 Savings bank deposits and ready sh amounted to about £22,000 at the id of the year.

A children’s ward at Tamavua Hospital, □ugh damaged in the early 1952 hurri ne. was completed except for furnish es. It has now been decided, however, at the building is more urgently re- Ired as a transit ward for suspected ses and discharged cases in for re amination.

V band-saw for the occupational ?rapy department—an important section the Tamavua Hospital—was obtained, ntal and laboratory equipment for mavua and Lautoka. mobile x-ray mt. work in hand on a new TB ward Labasa increasing the beds from 30 to and the purchase of vaccine and drugs counted for most of the expenditure. \ TB outpatients clinic was established Lautoka and the TB ward at Waini casi more fully organised.

See Queen In Nz

APIA, June 25.

WHEN Queen Elizabeth passes through the South Pacific in December, she will be seen in Fiji and Tonga, but not in Western Samoa So that the Samoan leaders may not feel disappoint ment, the NZ Government has com pleted arrangements under which a representative party will visit New Zealand during the Royal visit, in December-January.

The party, which has just been

selected by the various political bodies, will be composed of the following;—Hon. Malietoa Tanu mafili II (Council of State); Hons.

Tualaulelei, To’omata and Masoe (Samoan elected members); Hon.

Jacob Helg (European elected mem ber) ; Peseta Ga toloai (chairman) and Talamaivao (member), of the Fono of Faipule. r Mr. H. Gow (Burns Philp S S Co.

Ltd.) was re-elected president of the Apia Chamber of Commerce at the annual general meeting held in June.

Indonesians And Western

Some Plain Logic for Aus tralians and N. Zealanders

mHE Indonesians have no economic, JL moral or racial rights in Dutch New Guinea, and it was time the Australian Government took firm action to prevent infiltration of Indonesians into the New Guinea area —that was the substance of a resolution by the Queensland Re turned Soldiers’ League in June.

Whereupon a gentleman who signed himself “W. T. Phillips, Methodist Minister, Indooroopilly,” wrote to the senior Brisbane news paper (June 17) and called upon the RSL to reconsider the matter.

He said that 70 millions of Indo nesians are very conscious of their new-found liberty, after being under “foreign rule” for hundreds of years; and he quoted from a re port by a writer named Finkelstein, who had engaged in research on be half of the Institute of Pacific Re turns, to show that Western NG belongs to the Indonesians.

We respectfully remind Mr. illlips (a) that the organisation he refers to is a Pink Institute, and ;as charged in USA not long ago \ itli Communist associations: and *: that the Dutch took over the Indies archipelagoes 350 years apo. and civilised them, and created

whatever national organisation exists there. If the Dutch are obliged to hand over the East Indies to the Indonesians, then un questionably the European-Aus tralians, who took over their con tinent only 150 years ago, are obliged to hand over Australia to the Aborigines; and the New Zea landers likewise should withdraw from New Zealand, which they

occupied 100 years ago, and let the Maoris have it. fl Mr. K. H. Henderson, OBE, Com missioner of Local Government in Fiji, and Mr. George Arthur, Act ing Director of Education, have been appointed provisionally as members of the Fiji Legislative Council.

Should Suva’S Indians

And Europeans

Go Swimming Together?

SUVA, June 26.

THE question of whether there Is racial discrimination in the control and use of the Suva swimming baths is to the fore again.

Several months ago, when Indian members of the Town Council raised the question of Indian taxpayers being refused the use of what has :come to be known as the European baths, a committee of Councillors was formed to study the matter.

At the Town Council meeting on June 23, this committee recom mended that the additional small ipool be put in order for the use of Indian people—at an estimated cost of £4,500.

Councillor P. Bidesi, who had raised the question originally, pointed out that this was not fac ing the problem at all. The sum of £4,500 could be spent on mpre essential matters than renovating an unnecessary pool. The facts simply were that Indian taxpayers, along with all other taxpayers, were contributing to the upkeep of the present baths and therefore there could be no possible ground for pre venting the Indian community from using them.

It might be that few Indians would use the baths, said Councillor Bidesi. That was outside the point.

If the European community wanted segregation, it should be prepared to establish and maintain its own separate baths. There were far more Indian than European taxpayers.

“On what grounds are the Indians kept out? Is it because we have darker skins? Is it because we are not healthy? The discrimination is not removed by opening the other bath,” concluded Councillor Bidesi.

Councillor W. G. Johnson, com menting on the Committee’s pro posal, said; “I doubt whether the revenue earned by both pools would warrant the expense ... I strongly deplore racial quarrels; but the young folk who use the baths now just want to be left alone. If the baths are opened for all races the pleasure they now have will be lost.”

Defence of the present situation seemed weak; but when a motion :o make a change was put to the /ote it was defeated 8-5. The Coun jil is made up of six Europeans, six Indians, and two other members representing Chinese and other minority sections of the community.

Dne of the latter was absent on this Dccasion.

I The Very Rev. J. M. Oreve, SM, vho returned to Fiji recently after dsiting Europe, has been appointed Catholic chaplain at Makogai Leper Station. Rev. Fr. T. Daurewa, lately chaplain at Makogai, now goes to STadi.

Lepers’ Trust Board Report

The latest Report of the Lepers’ Trust Board of New Zealand on activities at Makogai during 1953 gives the following details: Average total patients were about 687, that level being maintained with new ad missions as patients were discharged.

Nearly twice as many men as women were on treatment—4ss is compared with 233, at the end of the year.

Largest national group were the 324 Indians, with Fijians totalling 126, Gil bertese 103, Samoans 85, Niueans 59 and Cook Islanders only 6. Patients actually admitted during the year totalled 70.

Discharges totalled 39 men and 18 women; 9 male and 4 female patients died.

No new patients arrived from the Cook

Islands but this was due more to lack of transport than to lack of patients.

“Tui Cacau.” currently on a voyage to bring back patients from Niue, Cook Islands and W. Samoa is expected to bring back 4, 7 and 5 patients respectively from these three areas. ♦ HMNZS Lachlan arrived at Apia, Western Samoa, on June 8, for a Marine Survey of Apia harbour, the Apolima Straits and the Saleloga Harbour of Savaii. The survey is long overdue, will occupy four weeks and should obtain valuable information for mariners in Samoan waters correcting and amending existing charts. Lachlan is to depart on her return voyage on July 6.

Magazine Section

Fire Walkers For Auckland?

A S a result of negotiations with A Fiji Government authorities and the chiefs of Beqa Island, rt seems probable that the Auck land Public Relations Office will obtain the paid services of a team of about 20 firewalkers from Beqa :?arly next year. They would be transported by air, to serve as the nain drawcard in Auckland’s unnual Industries Fair in February.

Mr. A. W. Sands, son of the late W. A. Sands, of Samabula, who left Fiji about 60 years ago, came back :rom Auckland to make the arrangements. Mr. Sands recalled that a team of firewalkers was a ?reat attraction at the Christchurch Exposition of about 1910. No team las ever appeared in New Zealand since then.

Prior to World War 11, the Beqa irewalkers used to perform regularly it Albert Park, Suva for all visiting 3ruise-ship passengers, and at one time for passengers aboard the 'egular trans-Pacific vessels. Now they demand at least £lOO, plus transport to and from the island, vith the rocks on which they per form, before the subject will even je considered.

Firewalking is also performed in Fiji by Indians on certain religious iccasions, and was also formerly lone by the natives of Raiatea, French Oceania, for the benefit of passengers on vessels visiting Papeete or Raiatea. They now rarely perform.

Oranges That Never

Arrived

rHE Cook Islands official -news of May 7 noted that just 100 years ago the brig Chatham had haded the first cargo of oranges wer to be shipped from Aitutaki to 3an Francisco. Lament, in his book, Savage Life In the South Seas , tells of the cargo being loaded — md how the vessel was wrecked on 3 enrhyn as she made her way north vith it. What happened thereafter to Mr. Lament is told in one of the )est books of the Cook Islands ever to appear, and long since out of irint.

Suva Wheelbarrow Race

MOST amusing of the Suva Coronation season’s many events, was the wheelbarrow *ace for persons of European or jart-European extraction.

Immediately after offices had

closed on June 8, almost the entire population of the Fiji capital massed along Victoria Parade from Albert Park to the finishing post near the post-office. Suva’s police force was fully taxed in keeping the eager crowd back to the footpath while the 96 contestants, many in fancy dress, took up their positions at three starting lines arranged on a handicap-by-age basis, each about 30 yards apart. Along the half-mile course were three com pulsory “fuelling points”—the Mel bourne, Club and MacDonald hotel bars. Considerable last-minute or ganisation work was involved in clearing these bars and lining up the 96 glasses of fuel, “horse” and “rider” both partaking and there upon changing roles for the next leg of the journey.

The field, though restive and tak ing some time to line up, finally got away to an excellent start in a cloud of cement-dust from the barrows and at remarkably high speed, preceded by a police car,

police motor cycles, police on foot a nd course officials, and followed hotly by ambulance, more police, and a howling mob of spectators — others had taken up vantage points on buildings which they rapidly vacated to join in the pursuit as the rumbling barrows passed on.

Eight official checkers stood by at each refuelling point to see that only the correct ration was taken aboard. Top-weights Vince Costello and Flight-Lieut. Roberts were left behind at the first refuelling station, and a good many mounts temporarily i o st their riders as the race swept down towards the finishing line, -with, appropriately enough, Airways representatives John Wisdom (of TEAL) and Mark Wells (of BCPA» surging ahead of the field to win by ma ny lengths, Barrows abandoned, the field weighed-in at the Garrick lounge, where a lot of froth was blown in the next half-hour, Prizes to the winners were two five-gallon kegs of beer, and to Messrs. Peter Wendt and R.

Lobendahn, of the Government Printing Office, who were second, one five-gallon keg.

Visitations

a USTRALIAN New Guinea is not the only Territory thereabouts to suffer under political visita tions. It is announced that eight members of the Netherlands Parlia ment will visit Western New Guinea in August, “for orientation pur poses.” (Next Page)

Donga?

IT would be interesting to know the origin of that now well-used New Guinea word donga. It is used in reference to a house—more particularly to a hut or a small dwelling, single-quarters and the like. It is not Pidgin and was never in use in TNG before the war.

Is it something that the 2nd AIF brought back from the Middle East or Borneo and presented to TNG?

The orphan word seems to fit well enough into the local scene, but from whence did it come? Collins dictionary lists a “donga” but says that it is a South African term meaning water channel or gully.

New Guinea housing has been called many things in recent 3 7 ears but that hardly describes it.

PAP-you-a THERE may be differences of opinion as to whether Aus tralia’s Territory of Papua is rounounced PAH-poo-a or Pah 00-a, but surely there can be no sible justification for the pro nunciation persistently used from Australia's official voice, Radio Aus iia, particularly by one Julian ; nbledon: PAP-you-a. — J.P.S. .’here are plenty of residents of Territory—particularly on the • Guinea side—who did, and do, t PAP-you-a. If the Polynesian , that every syllable ends with t \ el, is followed then it should Pc.-pu-a. But does the Poly rule hold good in Melanesia? ■ >o, outside Rabaul, has always pronounced Kok-o-po, not ko-po. There are many other e nples.)

Liaison Lacking

4 YOUNG BLOOD” of Raro- A tonga, charged with being on remises without permission at I p.m., pleaded with the Court the charge was most un : e sonable. The daughter had in -1 ‘d him in—but, as the Court had noted—it was the father who had un him out. The “blood” broods n the matter for a month at Her lajesty’s gaol.

Oscar May Hoot

4 EW months ago Papeete’s \ ourist Bureau lodged a pro est with Mayor Poroi against ie . noise caused by a siren, which :sident Oscar Nordman uses in 5 self-appointed capacity as icial fareweller to departing nps Oscar apparently won that aid, and the hooter continued to noot— unpleasantly close to the I. v °unte club of the respected ■ inst Bureau chiefs. fhen, in April, there appeared in t Journal Officiel— the Govern nnt Gazette—a decree ousting ail i noises,” Oscar’s noise in cl ided. The Chief of Police brought to Oscar on June 3—the day on

which the MM liner Tahitien arrived from France on her maiden voyage—the sad tidings that there was to be no hooting. When the vessel departed, emitting deep throated bellows after a happy first call at the Tahiti capital, the population was amazed that Oscar, on behalf of the city, failed to give the traditional three blasts of reply and bon voyage.

Citizens came to Oscar; and he passed them on to Acting-Mayor Pambrun (in the absence of Mayor Poroi overseas) ; and M. Pambrun went to the Governor to plead the good cause. Result: Oscar’s siren was reinstated.

In conveying the happy tidings, Oscar recalls an event in Pago Pago, circa 1920. There, strolling along the waterfront softly whistling a tune, Oscar was hurriedly overtaken by a policeman on a bicycle, who demanded that he cease his noise

immediately or be arrested. Think ing that the policeman was joking, Oscar carried right on with his tune. He was promptly arrested and dragged off to the police station, where he was told that all unnecessary noises—and especially whistling—were prohibited by the' then Governor, Commander Warren J. Terhune. Oscar recalls that this- Governor, some time later, com mitted suicide, just prior to the arrival of the cruiser South Dakota to investigate some troubles that were brewing on the island.

Oscar introduced his hooter on behalf of the citizens of Papeete three years ago, with the permission of former Governor Louis Girault, who personally came along to Oscar’s residence the former American consulate on the day that the instrument was installed on the front of the building, to perform the inaugural toot.

One of the more unusual cargoes to leave W. Samoa was shipped out of Apia in June. It consisted of a consignment of “genuine South Seas tikis,” made to order by Samoan craftsmen under the guidance of Mr. and Mrs. Robert H.

Carter, Americans resident in Fiji.

Working from drawings and photos of the real thing, the Samoans carved a series of artifacts representative of the ancient art of Easter Island, the Marquesas, and Western Pacific Groups.

The interesting order was executed for

“Skipper Kent” of the well known Skipper Kent’s Restaurant in San Francisco. The images will gaze with sneering contempt on diners and dancers from positions about the restaurant.

The complete works occupied several Samoan carvers for 10 weeks. They are executed in 2 Samoan hardwood, from green logs, which, as they dry, will give the authentic ancient, cracked appearance.

Here they are lined up in Apia before they were shipped.

Came From Alaska

MEN come to the South Seas by devious routes; but probably few have been lured there by a postage stamp. Yet that was the way of it with Alexandre Michael Archangelsky, believed to be the oldest European resident of Tahiti to-day.

Oscar Nordman, our Tahiti cor respondent, tells how T it came about: I was on the old brigantine Galilee, a vessel under charter to the Carnegie Institute to survey the Seven Seas in the interests of science.

We arrived in Sitka Harbour, Alaska, on July 14, 1907. After the boarding officer had cleared our vessel, Commander H. J. Peters, of Galilee , sent me ashore for the ship’s mail.

When I entered the post office I was greeted by the lady post mistress, Mrs. Archangelsky, who begged from me the nostage stamps on my letters from Tahiti. During the ship’s stay there, the Arch angelskys were our friends. Having viewed the Tahiti postage stamps, they were eager for information about that Island.

The following year I was on the old Mariposa —and there, as a passenger, was Mrs. Archangelsky, bound for Tahiti to join her hus band, who she told me, had arrived there two months previously.

The Archangelskys lived quietly down at Vairao, on the Peninsula.

Then, suddenly in 1925, after being almost forgotten, they were “in the news.”

The American fleet had made a goodwill visit to Australia and New Zealand, flying the flag of Admiral Robert E. Coontz, from USS Seattle. When returning home, the Admiral—doubtless with the warm

support of his officers and entire company—decided on a detour, so° that he might visit a cousin in Tahiti.

None guessed who the cousin might be until, as the Admiral stepped ashore from his barge on the flower-decked wharf at Papeete, Mrs. Archangelsky suddenly rushed into his arms.

(Continued on Page 85)

Alexandre Archangelsky, oldest European resident of Tahiti to-day.

N ex-resident of Tahiti tells another tale of this man from Alaska. Two of Tahiti’s “Nature i;n” of that day, who had come wn from the mountains on one f their rare visits to Papeete, were inplaining to Mr. Archangelsky at the island was becoming too iilised altogether. As they were caking, there was the drone of engine in the distance.

“Yes,” said Archangelsky, com ■serating with them. “There will flying machines here next”— ver imagining for a moment that ere could be such a thing.

Suddenly a small seaplane ooped over them, and landed arby, on the lagoon. It was an icraft belonging to the now de :ict PCPC (Pacific Coconut Pro :cts Co.), whose extraordinary -tory was related in PIM of May, =l. The pilot had just dropped to visit Archangelsky. rhe old man, now in his 80’s, en relates this incident, tfrs. Archangelsky died about ten irs ago. The old man, who never s regretted his first glimpse of 3se Tahiti postage stamps, lives •ne on his property at Vairao.

By Dr. Rhodes Fairbridge, of the University of Western Australia.

rWO little ships recently returned to San Diego, California, after completing one of the most de ailed scientific voltages ever at empted in the Pacific. Some emarkable discoveries have been lade.

“Expedition Capricorn” was or anised by the Scripps Institution f the University of California, in o-operation with the United States Javy (Office of Naval Research).

Its primary purpose was bathy letric geological and geophysical nvestigations in the Central and louth Pacific, and covered the •eriod October, 1952-February, 1953.

In previous years, Scripps has arried out expeditions to the Central Pacific, the Aleutian region, nd the Mexico-Central American egion, but this is by far the largest nd most ambitious programme yet ttempted. In addition to its primary •urpose, the directors also made irovision for routine meteorological bservations, biological trawling and lydrographic measurements.

The expedition was divided into wo stages: “LEG A”: From San Diego-Hawaii- Cwajalein (Marshall Islands); “LEG B”: Kwajalein-Suva (Fiji)- :onga-Samoa-Tahiti-San Diego.

While on “Leg A”, at Kwajalein

and Eniwetok, the expedition par ticipated in the (then) top-secret operations in connection with the explosion of the first Hydrogen Bomb, which is outside the scope of this report.

Two ships were employed, the Spencer F. Baird and the Horizon, both owned now by Scripps; both were built in 1944 as sea-going rescue and salvage vessels for the US Navy. They are each of 800 tons displacement (laden), and are equipped with “A” frames at the stern, and suitably heavy winches and trawling gear appropriate to oceanographic work. In addition, they are provided with two-way (voice) radio, radar, sonic sounders, comprehensive meteorological equip ment and extensive scientific laboratories. Each vessel carries a crew of 20 and a scientific personnel of 15.

The expedition was under the leadership of Dr. Roger Revelle, director of the Scripps Institution, who was accommodated on the Baird. The chief scientist on the Horizon was the South Australian geologist, William Riedel, to whom the writer was posted as assistant.

The activities on both ships were co-ordinated, and frequent confer ences were held by radio-telephone.

Seismic Survey

THIS was probably the most im portant series of investigations carried out by the expedition.

It was designed to determine the underlying structure of the deep floor of the Pacific Ocean.

The survey was by seismic re fraction, a method first developed on land by oil geophysicists, adapted for oceanographic work by the geophysicists of Cambridge Uni versity, and recently developed to a high pitch of efficiency in America.

Briefly, as now developed, this method involves the use of two ships. One is hove-to and trails a series of floating hydrophones, while the other is used for firing charges of TNT at regular intervals.

The usual scheme was for the Baird to occupy a central position on the axis of a particular sub marine feature at dawn, while the Horizon would start 50-60 miles away on the same trend, coming up to and passing the Baird for 50-60 miles in the other direction.

Shots up to 80 lbs, with approxi mately 20-minute intervals, were used for the distant signals, while these were reduced in time and size as the ships approached. Each

(Continued on Page 79)

bismic station occupies about 10 ours, with the ship’s steaming need at about 11 knots.

Bathymetric Survey

► Continuous echo-sounding traces Eere maintained by the vessels :iroughout the expedition. As vast i*eas of the deep ocean have never sen purveyed at all, this bathy metric work was of the highest im ortance, and provides the basic attern into which all other deep oservations must be correlated. [Both vessels employed two sonic nnders of different types to main in a close check on deep readings [.he speed of sound in water varies lightly with pressure, temperature id salinity, and correction factors ust be applied). Both instruments mploy the system of sending out regular series of high frequency ♦unds (one “ping” per second), jerated electronically, which go iwn to the ocean floor and are ►fleeted back, to be received on a iilt-in hydrophone, and auto atically recorded in the laboratory.

The older machine, the NMC athometer, records with an audible ling,” either by loudspeaker or hones, simultaneously with a light lat flashes on a large dial (for the 3ep section divided into 2,000 ithom circles). A rotating arm ith an electronic stylus records the itgoing and incoming “ping” on a raduated role of prepared car inised paper. The brief electrical npulse through the stylus burns a lack streak in the paper.

The disadvantage of this machine that the stylus arm rotates, pro icing a curve on the paper, thus istorting the normal appearance : submarine features. Further, le paper width is only 6 inches id the scale is relatively small.

A more modern instrument, the DO Fathometer, is provided with broader paper, 10 inches wide, irther, there are two styli mounted i a rubber belt moving in a raight line down the sensitised iper. This method has the great ivantage of indicating submarine satures in their true shape.

The vertical scale covers only 600 ithoms, and at the normal cruis ig speed of the ship (11 knots), le paper moves along at about inch per mile; this provides a irtical exaggeration factor of >out 1:15, which is most helpful l emphasising the bottom pography.

Fathom scale changes are effected mply down to the greatest depths, it the sensitivity of the instru ent drops off seriously at 4,000 ithoms and, from 4-5 i thousand .thorns, constant reference to the idible trace (by ear-phones) is quired. In shallow water, a pidly rotating foot scale is pro ded; this is extremely accurate.

Particular features for bathy metric investigation included the physical relationships of the Tonga Trench, and individual sea-mounts located along the line of the sur vey.

The detailed survey of the Tonga Trench was carried out by both vessels in a series of zig-zag traverses, intersecting the single N-S line that was mapped two years before from the Galathea. In spite of the Galathea work the Tonga Trench was still one of the least known deeps in the world.

In the southern part of the trench the Horizon came upon an ex

tremely deep sector hitherto un suspected, where depths of the order of 5,600 fathoms were recorded.

In order to check these depths, a whole day was spent In the area at half-speed, using small ex plosive charges (a few lbs of TNT) and a trailed hydrophone for re cording the precise depths.

A narrow V-shaped bottom was indicated in many places. Only locally was a narrow flat bottom recorded. The sides were so steep that no unconsolidated sediment could be expected there, a fact that was borne out by the failure to secure sediment cores here (see be low) , only fragments of volcanic (basalt) rock being obtained.

One of the most astonishing features of this trench is the steep

slope on the east side, where a more gentle declivity might have been expected.

At one point—approximately east of Ha’apai—there is an extensive compound sea-mount on the east side and, falling away from this mount, there is an uninterrupted down-slope of 27,000 feet, at an average inclination of 1 in 2 (that is from 200 fm. to 4,800 fm. in 10 miles), which is undoubtedly the steepest and longest continuous slope yet recorded on the earth .

It would make the Himalayan “front” appear mild in comparison.

Several new sea-mounts were dis covered. These sea-mounts are old volcanic mountains, now submerged.

The method of surveying them generally employed w.as, after the initial crossing, to change course 120 degrees, until deep water was reached, then return towards the estimated peak, crossing it, and completing a Maltese cross pattern to enable generalised contouring to be carried out.

It was noted that several sea mounts rose from the saucer-shaped depression which would apparently correspond to the subsidence of an elastic crust after the loss of erupted mass beneath (and local accumulation of the sea-mount on the surface).

An interesting feature of several sea-mounts SE of Samoa, which had peaked tops (i.e., not flat-topped guyots), was the evidence of pos sible land-slip scars near the crest and a small jumble of material around the foot. The occurrence of such slides may be partly re sponsible for some of the serious tidal waves which occur in the Pacific. The future correlation of new eruptions with such waves would be indicated.

Bottom Temperature

Gradients

A SERIES of tests were carried out from the Baird to measure the rate of heat flow from the Earth’s interior to the surface at the bottom of the ocean. The in- , strument employed, the “Bottom Temperature Gradient Probe,” is of the nature of a spike (about 6 feet long), which is lowered by gravity \ into the soft bottom sediment in the manner of a sediment corer.

The probe contains sensitive thermometers and a recording system, so that the small tempera ture gradient in these sediments may be measured.

The bottom temperature recorder also makes a continuous trace of temperatures from the bottom of ; the greatest deeps to the surface, which has never before been pos sible.

Bottom Dredging

IN areas of rocky bottom, where the sediment corners may fail to collect material, a heavy j dredge may be used. The dredge consists of a steel rectangular frame ■

>o which is attached a bag of lhain (protecting a smaller mesh net bag within), together wdth two imall auxilliary bags of canvas, to satch fine sediment. The dredges iary in size for deep-water work, iizes from 3 to 6 ft across being nost used.

Considerable success attended iredging operations in the Fiji area, vhich showed the volcanic and ash >ottcm of an ancient submerged IMelanesian Continent.” A fine Lredge-haul on the edge of the "ongatabu Shelf produced numer jus corals, lithothamnia and a giant pecies of foraminipera (3-4 cm. icross). East of the Tonga Trench, sveral dredges were lost in endeav luring to sample interesting sea nounts that defied other means of nvestigation.

[Hydrologic Observations

rHE normal hydrologic procedure is to lower a series of Nansen bottles (for the collection of -ater samples) equipped with re lersing thermometers (also giving pressure) on a fine gauge (5 32) fire while the ship is hove-to. The isual scheme is to have the bottles paced at 0, 10, 25, 100 m, etc., in undreds, down to an average depth f 1,200 metres. Hydrologic casts .ave been made exceptionally well town to 7,500 m (3,500 fathoms).

Tie water samples are analysed for alinity, dissolved oxygen and phos hate. Correlation of a close net work of results leads to the deter

ruination of marine currents and mass water movements.

Core Sampling

Regular sampling of the bottom sediments by means of coring tubes was carried out wherever possible in each representative sector.

For shallow and intermediate depths the short “Pfleger” corer (with either U” or 2” barrelsi was used. It is operated simply by gravity, with a heavy lead-weight at the top.

It is lowered on a relatively fine gauge wire to depths up to 3,000 fathoms. When it hits bottom the jerk dislodges a pin which breaks

a glass ball: this produces a “ping” which should be heard on the echo sounder (if ship noises and other factors are not excessive). The core may then be withdrawn.

An appreciable number of cores apparently hit hard bottom and come up empty, but when dropped on a flat bottom (presumably sedi ment-full) a 95 per cent, success could be assured. The steel core barrels carry a plastic liner, which is removed and stored for the eventual laboratory examination of the sediment. The average cores with the Pfleger corer in mid-ocean was about 70-100 cm.

For longer cores the ’Kulenberg”

sampler and heavy winch would be required. The Kulenberg is de signed to bring up 20 m. core lengths, of about 21 inches diameter.

To carry this heavy sampler to great depths a special 21-tons winch had to be installed on the Baird. This winch carries 40,000 feet of steel cable, which is so heavy that it has to be tapered down from top to bottom. It is practic ally a whole day’s operation to lower the corer and retrieve it in great depths.

In suitable localities where there are soft sediments on a horizontal floor a number of excellent cores were secured. Attempts to use this corer in the Tonga Trench, how ever, were unsuccessful; but this seems to have been due to encount ering a hard bottom.

Magnetic Survey

AWATER-born magnetometer

(“M.A.D”) was towed from the Baird over certain sectors. It contains a continuous recording de vice for measuring magnetic in tensities.

The object is to measure varia tions in the Earth’s magnetic field.

Biological Work

Plankton hauls and general biological trawls were carried out at regular intervals by the Horizon under the direction of Dr. Martin Johnson, who also kept a general log of bird life and fish observa tions.

Bottom Photography

The problems of currents, and the nature of life on the ocean floor was studied by two cameras.

The larger of these cameras will go to any depth in the ocean. It is arranged to make a black and white photograph every minute as the camera descends, and to photo graph the bottom.

Owing to the complete darkness at depths, powerful floodlights were provided to go with each camera.

Aqua-Lung Diving

Diving, without suits, but witl compressed air bottles harnessed or the back and a simple mouth-piece is quite feasible in tropical waters: and several of the younger member!

5 Scripps scientific staff have been Lined for this work.

An outstanding result of this work 2S an examination of the surface [Falcon Island, near Tonga, which ■ some years has been beneath e surface.

The submerged volcanic cone was rated by echo-sounding and the test, a few hundred yards across, ?s found to be only 60 feet beneath s surface. Rounded, water-worn ilcanic boulders were found there, trusted by a healthy growth of ung coral.

If no new eruption occurs, a vigor s coral reef is to be expected here thin the next half-century.

Visits To Islands

A special, outstanding feature of 3 expedition, from the point of *w of its members, was the warm llcome we received on every island :ited. Leading members were tertained personally by the Gov aors of Fiji, American Samoa and ench Oceania, and by the British msul in Tonga. ?or a special Christmas party at mga, Prince Tungi put on a ignificent open-air feast, on the uth Coast, where we enjoyed the »1 breezes and magnificent scenery the famous blow-holes. The ;antic spread of roast sucking ;s, taros, sweet potatoes, bread lit, yams, plantains, fish in coco t juice, dumplings, and all rieties of tropical fruits and lons was indeed something to re imber.

In return, we had the local people board at each principal port and joyed showing visitors around our ;le ships and their impressive •ay of instruments and equip mt.

Outstanding amon g our im ;ssions of the Pacific was the re sation that the Polynesian peoples d such charm, graceful manners d a form of simple blit well lered civilisation that made our istern rush, hustle and competi n seem both rather brutal and lie in comparison. We envied sm their happy existence and tunate isolation from some of the mediate consequences of wars i political strife.

Taturally, in these days of global iflict and world marketing, no i can be quite aloof, and we found ! islanders’ interest in world lirs very real. Nevertheless, when r we observed the changing lights r the beauties of atolls or vol lic islands, and watched the ,ceful business of the fishermen work, or coming home from the fs, and the day-to-day activities every Polynesian village, it was d to realise that we had not n accidentally transported to le little Utopia.

He Object Of Our Work

.eaders may well ask what value d investigations have. It is dif

ficult to point straight away, and say we are going to distil gold from the sea. Certainly, we have many utilitarian projects in hand; but nevertheless the work is primarily one of pure science. That means that we go mostly for the pure joy of discovering new things. If, as often happens, some of our discoveries turn out to be useful, and beneficial to man—well, that’s fine.

H At an inquiry in Port Moresby recently into the death of Dr. Ces lovas Kocenas, the Coroner re turned a verdict of suicide while the balance of his mind was dis turbed. Dr. Kocenas, aged 42, married, was found dead from bullet wounds in a house at Boroka, Port Moresby, on May 24. He had been on the staff of the Public Health Department.

We Fly over the Rice Lands of Mekeo :: Refuel at Kikori :: Lunch over the Fly River :: And Uncover the Plot at Kerema

By Judy Tudor

'T'HIS is the story of a happy day. x Probably the happiest day of my recent wander in Papua-New Guinea—mainly because, on this occasion all I had to do was to sit and to dream and occasionally to think and to look.

This was the day on which I distinguished myself by having two afternoon teas and about seven other snacks and meals — and I am not overinterested in food at any time.

Moreover, Qantas supply on their Sandringhams, an inexhaustible supply of Penguin Who-dun-its, and Agatha Christie, Hercule Poirot and I (ivho had started in to solve the mystery of the murder on the Orient Express on a trip to Samarai some days before ) were able to complete the job somewhere over the Gulf of Papua. Eleven hours in a plane without getting off, ten take-offs and ten landings is not everyone’s dish. But I like planes and am seldom bored with flying.

You can watch the clouds and speculate about them or if there are no clouds, and that is rare in New Guinea, watch the sea or the bush. Above all, in this particular Qantas service, you can always EAT.

11 TE arose at 4.15 a.m., the crew V? and another passenger and myself, on the day that we were to fly from Port Moresby to Daru and back, with a side ex cursion in to Lake Kutubu, and were down at the airbase at 5.

J* o*' 0 *' ea an( * toast was waiting in the lounge.

Some of the passengers—a group of native policeboys—had been mis laid and we waited patiently while their bus broke down, and was re °n the Way in from the aepot- There were half a dozen of them an d their wives and an occasional infant and all their household goods done up in mats, bags, baskets. buckets and string-bags. The women had laid in a good supply of loaves of bread and bottles of lolly-water against the privations of the voyage but not a smile lightened any of the dusky faces. Travel was serious business.

Each family had its goods weighed separately. “Where’s the kitchen-sink?” asked a QEA official of one sad-looking corporal whose gear totted up to 156 pounds Clank, went another sack at the feet of the official, revealing the

unmistakable outline of a large enamel dish.

We got out to the aircraft in two launches and took off about six.

Fifteen minutes out, a group of very large coconut plantations roll out from under the flying-boat like a well-patterned carpet and two energetic stewards appear leaving cups of very good coffee and biscuits behind in their wake.

Scarcely had we time to dispose of this than we are landing on glass-like sea off Yule Island. The pursers or the super-cargoes (or whatever they are called on flying boats) come out of seclusion in the back premises where they have been conning over manifests and get busy with parcels and mailbags.

We are off again within half an hour, inland again over the partly cloud-obscured rice fields of Mekeo between coast and the foothills of the Owen Stanley Ranges.

Poirot and I return briefly to the Balkans and the dastardly business on the Orient Express and back come the stewards, flapping large tablecloths to dress the tables for breakfast. Fruit and scrambled eggs and bacon, with toast and coffee.

We are flying over vast swamps of sago palms, cut by a winding

Lake Kutubu.

Lake

river, to Kerema, a pretty govern ment station at the top of Fresh water Bay.

This is evid ently the equiv alent of “boat day” in other parts of the Pacific and although it is still only 7.45 a.m., a lot of people, men, women and a child or two, with their native boys come out, standing and bouncing about on a double canoe.

They collect their

mail and freezer cargo from the fly ing super-c’s, peer in through the cabin port-holes and apparently enjoy themselves. I wonder why. as the water which seems to be rolling in over a sand bank, is far from calm. But they keep their balance on the canoes with ease; maybe they had their early training in a country milk cart or a Sydney tram.

WE are off again within the half hour, and sustained by a glass of lemon cordial (by courtesy of Qantas) fly over rain forests of trees that stretch upwards and up wards to get their quota of sunlight from leaden Gulf skies. Some of these trees look level on top. with gigantic spreading'branches. Others rise out of the jungle in smooth bulges like tremendous green cauli flowers. Flocks of white cockatoos wheel above the tree tops or mill about in the valleys and here and there is a patch of coconuts, a plan tation house or a native garden.

Then all this gives way to more winding rivers, more sago swamps, more mangroves until, nearing 10 o’clock, we come to Kikori, rain sodden upon the banks of its river about 30 or 40 miles from its mouth.

Here the flying super-c’s really get going, for here we take on 4,000 pounds of freight for the govern ment station at Lake Kutubu, and petrol, hand-pumped from drums brought out in a launch.

The few passengers are firmly herded back into their seats and up come the carpets from the floor and the floor-boards from between

(Continued on Page #5)

They come out balancing on double canoes—at Daru, too.

The snail-like winding's of a western river.

Pattern of islands In the mouth of the Fly.

tie cabin seats. In the cargo spaces tius revealed, the sweating super ’s store 500 pounds of bully-beef i case lots. As well—but stored imewhere out of sight—.we take n a copper and stand complete 'ith stove pipe, cases of groceries, f beer and crates of glass-with are. All the while the rain aunders down onto the metal lane, and outside my porthole the lunch boys pump miserably in lining oil-skins from the bobbing rums of petrol. Kikori is almost bscured by the rain and I return ) the Orient Express.

We spend a frenzied hour at ikori, then through blankets of •ayed cotton-wool clouds to a atch of blue far off. The stewards, ho have been champing at the bit iside their small galley while the irpets were up and the super-c’s ew about slinging out mail and eezer and taking on cargo, are it again almost at the first whirl : the propellers, dispensing morn ig tea, with biscuits and sand iches.

We climb now for the first and st time on the trip, up over the lountains to Lake Kutubu at 2,700

a F d over the coastal belt of thick cloud to sunshine. But Beaver Falls, with a drop of over 200 feet, 45 miles from the lake, and said to b e a magnificent sight, are obscured by clouds, . missionaries who have been F 1 Port Moresby for three weeks, become visibly excited at their £®^ urn to then* promised land, They share their porthole with me P°mt out the landmarks, One of the missionaries asks if the PIM is government sponsored, This is a completely new one on me. I reply, no—but that Mr. Ward palls us the mouthpiece of vested interests. The Missionary, who evidently knows little about politics and cares less, can’t see the point of this one, but says “Yes?” politely and points out a village on a ridge —long-house for the men, small houses for the women—as we sweep down on Kutubu.

Kutubu is a 10 mile expanse of turquoise-green water cradled in the hills and encrusted with small islands. Ivan Champion and Jack Hides are believed to be the first Europeans to have seen it when they flew over it in 1936, and in the next three years, the brothers Champion, Claud and Ivan, led several expeditions to it on foot, and an advanced police post was established.

The post was re-established there after the war, and the few govern ment officials and the missionaries are now supplied by the fortnightly Qantas Sandringham. Officials and missionaries all speak the local language although it serves only a small group—about 2,000 persons.

The lake is a sort of half way merging place of Highland and Fly River cultures, although the natives use the simple Fly River dugout canoe and the River type of village.

WE shake the last drops of Kutubu water from our tail at 11.30 and flying in sunshine but over increasing cloud head for Daru. There is now frenzied activity on the part of the stewards, determined apparently to get lunch over before we get to Daru. Paw paw and pineapple juice, ham and cheese salad with all the fixings, cream on our sweets, and coffee.

We fly over the snail-like wind ings of the increasing Fly River and out to its delta with its crazy pattern of flat islands swimming in mile upon mile of muddy water.

The rly is 30 miles across, at its mouth, and the flat swamp country between here and Daru is a track less wilderness of water and sago palms and mangroves.

Near to one o’clock we bump

(Continued on Next Page'

■down out of the clouds to a wind rippled anchorage off Daru Island and after the usual half-hour’s mad activity depart again, in alternate sunshine and cloud, to wards Kikori still swaddled in its oppressive blanket of grey cloud.

And herewith the first afternoon tea; Poirot reconstructs the crime and sums up.

Again to Kerema, where seem ingly the same people bob out in the same double-canoe, the sun shines fitfully, and, to the evident satisfaction of Agatha (who has probably wearied of the whole darned thing) and to me, Poirot makes his denouement.

After Kerema, the second after noon tea, and Yule Island. And after Yule, increasing sunshine until at 5 o’clock over Moresby, weeping, grey Gulf skies are for gotten and the sun shines brazenly down from the cloudless blue.

By Yule the stewards have washed up the last dish. They stand miserably in the galley door or mope about in the spare passenger seats with nothing to do.

What else can they produce in the fodder line? Nothing. Unless Qantas, to make them really happy, permitted them to whip up a few cocktails as the Sandringham slides over the wreck of the old Macdhui and settles down to her anchorage, 11 more hours of worthy flight behind her.

It Could Be

On A Tea-Caddy

ON a fine day, Goroka, which seems set fair now to grow into the New Guinea Highlands’ first township, is like a picture on a tea-caddy. The great stretch of green valley is rimmed about by blue hills and purple mountains; only some ladies in colourful saris, with tea-picking baskets on their heads are needed to complete the scene.

But the local ladies wear only some shell ornaments and a few ;,rds of string-mesh; and the coming crop is not tea, but coffee.

According to District Office figures, resent plantings alone should be producing 1,100 tons of coffee per ' . urn in a few years.

In the meantime, European farmers—and natives too—are pro . g large quantities of potatoes other European vegetables, uts, corn and passionfruit, even g rdioli, roses and carnations for hungry markets in lowland New Guinea and Papua.

Others are interested in cattle raising, or poultry, sheep and pigs.

Some day Goroka will probably have a tourist industry as well.

The rainfall is somewhere round about 80 inches a year—a lot of it concentrated into the wet season which should end about May. At almost any given moment during the rainy period, little local rain squalls can be seen at some point whirling around the hills and mountains, while the rest of the country-side is probably bathed in sunshine. Occasionally, the clouds gather thick overhead, and then it rains and rains—and rains some more—and Goroka is dismal in deed, its black soil turning into a glue-like mess that almost defies removal.

Rainy-season dawns are often clear, then, as the apricot and grey fade from the sky, the mists rise, flowing over the gap and down the valley like a pall of white smoke.

Quickly it rises to the tops of the mountains and beyond into the sky until everything is blotted out as if by a cotton-wool blanket. About 8 o’clock, if it is going to be a fine day, the mists lift again.

Those 20 or 30 minutes, between the first streaks of dawn and the coming of the mists, are take-off

time for local air-plane pilots.

Later in the day there is always the chance that the weather will close in and that all planes will be grounded. DC3’s are frequent visi tors to the larger of the Highlands dromes but small planes still make most of the flights. Weaving in and out of towering Highland moun tains in single-engined or match box sized planes is a sobering sen sation to even the most hardened airplane traveller.

But when the days are blue and sunny and the air is like cham pagne, Goroka is the promised land without honey, for the moment, but with milk from the local livestock station at 6d per pint (half the price of the same product in the City of Sydney).

Almost without exception the men* who are making Goroka and its dis trict, are men doing their second stretch of NG pioneering. Miners and retired government officials, airplane pilots and others who helped to put New Guinea on the map way back in the 20’s and 30’s are back on the job again estab lishing coffee plantations, or spud

Av left. Black Aberdeen Angus cattle, just landed by plane at Goroka for Mr. Jim Leahy. Right: Boy picking green peas in a local garden..

growing or cattle raising in the Highlands. The young men of New Guinea are down on the coast, in jobs with the government or the Big Firms. A lot of them await on the government to “do something” to make pioneering easy.

New Guinea’s young men are not entirely to blame for their lack of urge in this direction. To-day, the whole accent of life is on security; some of the old-timers themselves are the first to throw cold water on the ventures of newcomers to the field of pioneering; and in terms of hard cash, the cost of turning dreams into reality has never been higher.

At left: The Cottee passionfruit pulping factory. Right: A swimming pool is being constructed near the District Office.

It will be fed from a Highland stream.

Mrs. Pitt’s board ing-house - a lot of comfort in a small space. A new bed room block and a lounge and bar are being added and then the establishment will be given a liquor licence.

READERS are invited to send in their favourite recipes using Islands in gredients or ingredients readily ob tained in the Islands. Ten shillings will I>e paid for each one published.

Banana Nut Cake

2 cups sifted flour. 1 v cup cornflour. 2 teaspoons baking powder. 1 i teaspoon baking soda. cup butter. 1( z teaspoon salt.

I cup sugar. 2 eggs. r 2 cup chopped nuts. 1 teaspoon vanilla. 2-3 mashed ripe bananas. 2 tablespoons milk.

Beat butter and sugar and add eggs one at a time, beating until the mixture is light and fluffy. Sift flour, baking powder, soda, cornflour, and salt, and add alternately with the bananas and milk.

Stir in vanilla, and cook in well-greased take tin about eight inches square, in moderate oven, about an hour.

If cake is to be kept plain put a few extra nuts on ton before baking. For a party cake, ice the top and sides with banana butter frosting.

Banana Butter Frosting

Beat together 1 large mashed banana, ’z teaspoon lemon juice, (4 cup butter, and 3V> cups of sifted confectioners’ sugar, adding the sugar a little at a time, and Seating until the icing is light and fluffy.

Arora, Niue Is.

(Extracts from talk broadcast from

ZJV . Suva, Fiji, by the Nutrition

Section of the South Pacific Health

Service.)

THE bad weather experienced in Aus tralia and New Zealand last summer has affected the crops of potatoes.

This means that exports to the Islands will be reduced during the coming season.

Fortunately there are many native root vegetables which may be used to replace potatoes, the most common being cassava, sweet potato, taro and several varieties of vam.

Manioc

Manibot utillissima, commonly known as tapioca, cassava or manioc in different parts of the Pacific, is one of the most useful root vegetables. This may be grown in dry conditions and poor soils. It is the most prolific of all tropical root crops and produces seven to ten tons or more tapioca ta an acre.

The cultivation is simple. Prepare holes six feet apart, at least two feet square and 12 inches or more deep. Thoroughly dig the soil and work well, then plant in the centre three or four cuttings about nine inches long and set at three to six inches apart. Take the cuttings from the youngest part of the stem rather than the old butts. The shrubs grow to a height of six to seven feet and have erect clean stems with divided leaves at the end. The nutritious roots weigh Vz-l lb each and the outer skin peels off easily leaving the white flesh.

Care must be taken in harvesting as the roots are easily bruised. These must be eaten fresh because they become “sour” and discoloured :f kept for more than 2-3 days; bruised tapioca deteriorates even more quickly.

Prepare and cook tapioca in the same way as potatoes. It may be boiled or steamed, mashed with butter or margarine and pepper and salt, roasted in dripping or boiled, cut into chips and fried. Do not use the water from boiled tapioca as this may contain an acid.

Tapioca Patties

Boil the tapioca till soft'and then mash while hot with a little butter, pepper and salt. Make into cakes and fry. Yam, dalo and breadfruit can be used in the same way. These patties are useful for breakfast with fried bacon and tomato or with a main dish at dinner time.

Sweet Potato

Ipomea Batatas—commonly known as sweet potato, Kumala, Kumara or Kau- Kau, is easily grown and both the roots

Pawpaw Scones

1 cup flour. 1 dessertspoon shortening. 1 4 teaspoon salt. 1 teaspoon grated rind or juice of lemon. 1 teaspoon baking powder. 1 dessertspoon sugar. l z cup mashed rine pawpaw (NOT TOO

Ripe But Well Mashed).

Sift flour and salt. Add baking powder and sugar. Rub in shortening. Mix to light dough with pawpaw pulp to which lemon rind or juice has been added. Turn onto a floured board and knead lightly.

Press out to Vz inch thickness and cut with floured knife. Place close together on greased oven tray. Bake in a very hot oven (500 deg.) 12 to 15 minutes.

Mrs. E. J. L., W. Samoa.

and the young green leaves may be eaten. The varieties of this vegetable are distinguishable by colour—red, white, pink and yellow. With these skin colours, there are two main flesh colours, the yellow and the white.

Kumala is a valuable food and supplies starch and sugar, vitamins and minerals.

The yellow variety provides a rich source of vitamin A.

Kumalas can be cooked in the same way as white potatoes. It is a good idea to boil or bake in the jacket. This saves time and conserves the nutritive value.

In America., Kumala is served with pork or ham. Grilled ham or pork chops served with roast kumala and fried pine apple is a favourite dish.

The green shoots may be served as spinach. Boil till tender in a little salted water and season with butter, margarine or coconut cream.

Kumala Puff

1 tablespoon sugar.

Pinch salt. 2 tablespoons butter or margarine. cup hot milk.

I 1 * cups mashed cooked kumala. 2 eggs separated.

Vz teaspoon nutmeg.

Method; Mix sugar, salt, shortening and hot milk, add to kumalas. Add beaten egg yolks and nutmeg and mix well. Beat egg whites stiff and fold into other ingredients. Pour into a greased pie dish. Bake at 350 deg. Fahr. for 45 minutes or until firm, and brown on top.

Serve at once. This is enough for four people.

Southern Kumala

IVz lb kumala. 1 large cooking apple or 2 tablespoons dried apple. 1 4 cup brown sugar. 1 teaspoon cinnamon. 3 tablespoons hot water. 3 tablespoons butter or margarine.

Peel kumalas and cut into slices % inch thick. Peel, core and slice the apple, arrange a layer of kumalas and one of apple in a greased casserole, sprinkle with some of the sugar and dot with butter or margarine. Repeat until all the ingredients are used. Add hot water, cover and bake at 350 deg. Fahr. for about one hour until tender.

Taro

Taro or dalo is one of the most popular and best known of Pacific Island root crops. There are numerous varieties which have been growing in the islands for many centuries. It is believed that dalo originated in south-eastern Asia, and has spread from there to all tropical countries. This plant enabled many of the Pacific Islands to be populated be cause the roots of some of the coarser types will keep on sea voyages for several months. When the Pacific was first visited by Europeans, fish and dalo were found to be the main articles of diet in many of the Islands.

Dalo has large, dark brown, slightly hairy corms. These are between six and 12 inches long and they are attached to greenish, purple stems.

The young leaves are edible and may be used as a green vegetable. The famous Pacific Island dish called ROUROU in Fiji and PALUSAMI in Samoa, is made by cooking young dalo leaves in coconut cream. This has a delicious flavour and high nutritive value.

Dalo should be well cooked and never eaten raw or under-done because it con tains needle like bundles of calcium

(Continued on Page 78)

oxalate. These crystals irritate the mouth and they may also sting the hands dur ing preparation. When dalo is cooked, the crystals are broken down and rendered harmless.

The roots need to be cooked for one to three hours depending on their size and method of cooking. Dalo can be used as a substitute for potatoes in most dishes. It may be creamed, scalloped, fried, baked and boiled. To ensure thorough cooking, it is best to boil the roots before frying or baking. Dalo should be mashed hot; when it is cold it becomes sticky and difficult to handle.

Dalo Fritters

1 cup mashed, boiled dalo.

I egg separated.

V-i cup milk. *4 cup flour. 1 teaspoon baking powder. . teaspoon salt.

Beat egg yolk, add milk and add mixture to dalo, blend well. Sift dry ingredients and add. Fold in stiffly beaten egg white. Drop by tablespoons into hot deep fat. Cook until puffy and Iden brown, turning frequently.

Yams

There are at least six known varieties of yam. Wild and cultivated yam roots grow to six feet or more. Some of the former varieties contain a substance )ch makes them indigestible but those selected for cultivation are usually free from this.

Yams are cooked in much the same v. as potatoes. One of the most

delicious ways of cooking is to scrub the yam and bake it in its skin in the oven until soft, then cut down the centre, scoop out the inside and mash with butter, pepper and salt and return to the skin.

Re-heat in the oven for about 10 minutes and serve.

Yam Pudding

IV2 lb yam (cooked and mashed). 1 large onion. 1 tomato chopped.

V-> lb meat or fish (minced or chopped). 1 cup stock.

Parsley.

Mixed herbs.

Worcestershire sauce.

Grease a basin, sprinkle with flour and line with yam. Mix all the other in gredients together and place in lined basin. Cover with greaseproof paper and steam for one hour. Breadfruit can also be used in this recipe.

Federation Of West

Plan Advanced a Further Step in London

AGREEMENT was reached at the] Conference held in London in April on British West Indian Federation, and the next step is fori the delegates from Trinidad, Bar bados, Jamaica, the Windward Islands and the Leeward Islands to report back to their West Indies Territories and thresh out the various questions which have arisen.!

Until that has been done the future of the Federation cannot finally be known.

In opening the Conference, Mr.

Oliver Lyttelton (Secretary of State for Colonies) emphasised that the decision would depend on the wishes of the individual West Indian Governments. “If a federa tion comes into being,” he said, “it must be by the spontaneous and willing decisions of the Govern ments and Legislatures concerned.”] The delegates, in their replies, underlined what was already known, that the principle of federa tion was generally accepted by the Caribbean countries, with the ex ception of the mainland territories of British Guiana and British Honduras, which sent observers only, and not delegates.

As a result of the conference, it is now proposed that Granada and not Trinidad shall be the federal capital, and that the number of] seats in the Senate shall be 19— not 23, which allowed for British] Guiana and British Honduras. The House of Representatives is to have 45 seats (Barbados 5, Jamaica 17, Antiqua 2, St. Kitts, Nevis and Anguilla 2, Montserrat 1, Trinidad and Tobago 10, Granada 2, St. Vin cent 2, St. Lucia 2, Dominica 2).

For the first five years the Coun cil of State would consist of a Prime Minister, 3 officials appointed by the Governor-General (Chair-: man), 7 members nominated by the] Prime Minister, and 3 Senators ap pointed by the Governor-General-] in-Council.

It is understood that an assur-i ance would be forthcoming that the British Government would assist, the federation financially at the] outset and that Parliament would be asked to make a grant toward™ the cost of federal headquarters. I It has been suggested that there may be a possibility of a similar federation of British South Pacific Islands Territories. There is an im-l portant difference, however, in that the British West Indies countries are all under the British Colonial Office, whereas the British archi-1 pelagoes in the South Pacific are!

tided between UK, Australia, NZ

:D Uno.

Norfolk

(From Our Own Correspondent) THE 97th anniversary of the land ing of the Pitcairn Islanders on Norfolk Island was cele brated at Kingston, Norfolk Is., on June 8.

The celebration, locally known as Bounty Day, is a public holiday.

There is a pageant at Kingston Pier, commemorating the landing, in

which most of the men dress as sailors and naval officers and are inspected by the “Admiral." A wreath is placed on the cenotaph and the party is then entertained by the Administrator.

A cricket match begins about 11 and is adjourned at 1 p.m. for a community picnic luncheon—when all sorts of food are laid out on tablecloths placed for 100 yards or more on the grass.

The day is concluded with a ball at Rawson Hall.

Colonel C. L. Pleasants, Comander of the Fiji Military Forces, to become Commander of the jrthern Military District of New ;aland towards the end of the ar. His successor in Fiji has not t been announced.

fl Ngaire Jean, youngest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. M. Vipond, of Silverdale, North Auckland. NZ, announced her engagement in June to Mr. John Rae Phillips, youngest son of Mr. and Mrs. C. S. Phillips, of Vunidawa, Fiji.

tl Mr. and Mrs. Rod Hart, of the Anglican Mission, Papua, arrived in Adelaide on leave early in April.

Both were prominent in rescue work during the Mount Lamington disas ter, and Mr. Hart was awarded an OBE for his services.

This is virtually the only new, per nent European dwelling in Kavieng, w Ireland. It belongs to the Regional rector of Commonwealth Works Dept. other officials live in native material uses. The whole of the District Com ssioner’s house is built on the cement [?]dations of what used to be lominski’s drawing-room way back in [?]0 or 1912. (Bulominski was one of the [?]re famous of the German adminis-

trators and was responsible for the building of New Irelands famous—and now infamous—East Coast Road. He died shortly before he was due to retire from the colonial service and was buried in Kavieng cemetary. His grave, marked with a large white cross, was undisturbed by the Japs, but Bulominski must have done some considerable rolling about in it if he is aware of the present state of his once-beautiful Kavieng.)

From Our Own Correspondent

June 15, 1953.

MR. M. L. (“BEN”) APON is now in charge of the Government stores in Nukualofa. He re places Mr. V. Guerin who, with his wife and children, has left Tonga and gone to New Zealand.

Capt. Noel Fordham is now in charge of the Banana Board in Nukualofa. Captain and Mrs. Ford ham, who came to Tonga some years ago and established a candlenut oil extraction factory, are well known throughout the Islands.

The Rev. Mr. Harkness with Mrs.

Harkness and their baby have arrived in Ha’apai from Australia.

Mr. Harkness will be in charge of the Wesleyan churches in the group.

He will also supervise the activities and studies at Pilolevu College, the large Wesleyan institution for girls in Lifuka, and occupy the Lifuka pulpit.

A new hall has been opened in Neiafu, Vava’u by Mr. Paul Schaunkell, local business man and store owner. A concrete-floored, wooden structure, the hall is in great demand for dances, movies, concert parties and boxing matches.

The romantic looking cutters which used to fill Vava’u harbour are fast giving way to motorised boats which, if they are less attrac tive are infinitely more reliable as transportation. The villages of Kapa, Hunga, Taunga, and Ovaka have re cently had engines installed in their cutters and there is a constant in crease in new launches, in-board, and out-board motor boats. These new boats are concrete evidence that the Tongans. in spite of all criticisms to the contrary, are learn ing to spend wisely the money which the current high price of copra brings them.

Tongans are gratified with the overwhelming reception which the British public has given Queen Salote during her stay in London as a Coronation guest. Following the Coronation celebrations, Queen Salote and the members of her party (the Princess Mata’aho, Mrs.

J. Windrum, wife of the British Consul to Tonga, and Miss Susana Helu, nurse-attendant) will tour Scotland and the continent before returning to Tonga in late August.

If Reverend Brother Lambert, Direc tor of St. Francis Xavier High School, Suva, since it was founded in 1937, left Fiji in June to become Director of Sacred Heart College, Auckland. He will be replaced by Reverend Brother Cassian, who has been on the staff of Sacred Heart College, Auckland, for seven years.

Brother Lambert leaves, as a monu ment to his energy and zeal, the splendid 200-pupil school in Suva, which he conceived and built.

Schooner

Dies Hard

FOR the last four or five years, the hull of the famous old LMS ship John Williams has been a landmark on the coast of Savaii, (near Fagamalo, Western Samoa) where she was wrecked. It sat per fectly upright on the reef, as though the ship was at anchor in calm water.

But in a storm last January the heavy seas broke the back of the old schooner. Late one afternoon, it was noticed that the third mast was swaying, and an hour later it fell. Next morning, the after sec

tion of the ship appeared on the reef, about 200 yards away from the rest of the hull—it evidently had been hanging, for years, out over deep water, and the big seas shifted it away when the vessel broke in two.

The stern section now lies on the coast, like the stern section of the old German warship Adler, off Apia; but the remainder of the John Williams still sits primly on the reef, with the two remaining masts firmly upright.

H Miss Ethel Nordman returned to Tahiti from France in May, on the maiden voyage of the M.M. liner Tahitieh.

Permanent Reminder of the Japs

The proposed Canadian Pacific rlines Trans-Pacific service be een Sydney and Honolulu, which is to have been carried on by jet

airliners, has been postponed until 1954, as the result of the destruc tion of a Comet in India, when en route from Britain''to Sydney.

The Tivoli Theatre in Apia, Western Samoa, was showing news reels of the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II on June 10—just eight days after the event. This is some thing of a record for Pacific Island picture theatres which usually lag months, or even years, behind in movie picture distribution. The Coronation films attracted large and enthusiastic CtOWdS.

The Rabaul-Kokopo road for a great deal of its length is a narrow shelf between sea and hillside, and the hillside is riddled with Japanese tunnels.

This photograph was taken in April, 1953, from inside one of the tunnels that look out over the harbour to Mt. Vulcan. ft was used as a sub terranean workshop by the Japs and was complete with electric light and lathes; barges and other small craft were hauled into it from the harbour close-by, and repaired unmolested by Allied bombers. To-day, the tunnel is just an eerie cavern oozing mud and slime.

Conducted By Ex Zk-1-Ac/Vr-2-Ak.

KAddress notes to P.O. Box 5179, sellesley Street, Auckland, N.Z.) . ISLAND HAMS: Let your Pacific

vighbours know you’re active by

necking in on your favourite band i ith a CQ at 0100/0700/19002, Use c a known time will help you— nd them. iJust too late for inclusion last month [me a letter from Jean Duplat, FKBAB, Noumea, bringing us up-to-date on tents in the New Caledonia-New Hebrides rea. Jean has a nice VFO transmitter ith an 813 in the final, plate-and-screen odulated with 811’s. and a Hammarlund IJ-120X receiver, but is troubled with a ng. light-gauge power-line that will not .rry the load from his power plant 500 trds away. However, when a new shack ■mes into use any day now FKBAB is xely to be heard with greater effect, tan has been calling CQ’s on 7 mc/s, iceiving no replies—then unaccountably iceiving. by mail, good signal reports om European listeners.

Jean says that, in FKB, conditions in orning and evening are moderately good i 7 mc/s, but with heavy QRN later, •urteen mc/s has been as good as dead, so 28 mc/s, but 21 mc/s has been lively early mornings with plenty of ZL, K, W, and North Pacific sigs coming trough. He never uses 3.5 mc/s, but ans to give 50 mc/s a trial in le course, if permission can be obtained, hat band is not available in France, xe to television, but it may be possible use it out here. So this should be good ;ws to the VHF men.

Other items from Jean’s letter; FKBAO, FQBAE —latest addition to the FKB’s— using NBFM which “sounds like AM.” ith an 807 in the final he has been »ard on 7 mc/s in Fiji recently. FUBAA is finished a new transmitter and ceiver and is obtaining good results on mc/s, suppressor-modulating an 803.

JBAC, still off the air, is “fighting to e death with a VFO and modulator”— ith plenty of trouble getting it going, an says YJ-1 stations have not been :ard for a long time.

Grounded in Suva through living in a C-wired hotel, your scribe took the Type /Mk.3 along in mid-June, when paying quick visit to Lautoka. The locals itched with interest as a temporary :rial was strung along the front of the mtoka hotel. A 7 mc/s sked with VR2AS •ck in Suva was planned at 0700 GMT; it not a sound of each other’s sigs is heard. A CQ failed to raise a VK W, of which many were heard; but ter in the evening back came FKBAN— new one—with a good signal report on e midget transmitter.

Back in Suva, we helped Stan make me alterations to his 7/14 mc/s ground ane antenna, with seemingly good suits. Conditions are clearly far better i 14 me s in Fiji than in Auckland.

VR2AP, waiting to get into his new •me, has still not unpacked his gear ace returning from Auckland in May, it late July may see him in action. The •ge is visible.

FKBAC, absent in France for some time, turned to Noumea in June per maiden •yage of “Tahitien,” so should be on te air again by now.

From FOB-land in June same a QSL card for one of the VR2’s from Jack Wheeler, temporarily FOBAI of the yacht “GEMINI.” The card depicts a rakish looking palm-leaf shack perched high in the trunk of a very tall and slender coco nut palm—with a yacht lying offshore.

Maybe this is the way Jack has been operating from his QTH’s in the Marquesas, Tuamotu and elswhere. though we doubt it. The card is attractive and certainly original. “Gemini” we under stand is now working her way north again towards Honolulu and Seattle, using the home call of W7FNK when at sea.

Dick Northcott, VR2CM, whose gear, he thought, had escaped the effects of the hurricane of 18 months ago, followed in the footsteps of the other Suva-area Hams in June, when his main power tranny burnt out. Luckily, he was able to borrow another from VR2AS as a stand-in.

VR2CS, Keith Broadbridge—eecVKSSC VK2ASG —was preparing to split the ether late June with a 4-watt phone rig on 7058 kc/s, which works across town anyway! DC mains and a noisy location hold him temporarily from bigger things, though a 50-watt 14 mc/s VFO phone rig is being prepared. The receiver is an 8-tube home-brew super.

Latest correction to the VR2 list: strikes out VR2CN—due to depart per manently for VK2 in early July.

Laurie Price at Suva Met Office, VR2CT

—ex ZL3oF—shows un on 80-metre CW with the ZC-1 on Monday evenings onl^ — so get your QSO applications in early.

He's also known to take a jab at 7 mc/s occasionally. Jack Paton. who returned to Nandi some time ago, has not yet got VR2AC on the air. August may see some action.

Twirling the dials briefly one Sunday

at VRSAS’s we heard ZM6AA calling the Cook Is. latest recruit, Doug, ZK-l-BG, on 14 mc/s; and from other sources we understand that the latter is now very active there, which should please the card huntsmen around the world.

The experts tell us that around October the sunspot minimum should occur, after which conditions should climb fairly rapidly out of the doldrums; so now’s the time to start planning out those 14 and 31 mc/s beams.

No news from your area? Then send some along—we’ll certainly use it.

From Our Auckland Correspondent.

SUVA, June 25.

MR. R. L. MUNRO, senior repre sentative in Fiji of the United Grand Lodge of England, laid the foundation stone of a new Temple and hall for the Lodge of Fiji in Suva on June 20. Freemasons from all over Fiji were present.

A jar containing coins dated 1894 was removed from the foundation stone of the former lodge building which was nearly 60 years old.

Papers, also contained in this jar, had disintegrated. The coins and other articles bearing date of 1953 were sealed in a lead container and placed under the stone of the new building.

The first two of eight Sunder land flying-boats to be stationed at Lauthala Bay, Fiji, arrived from England on June 13, via Cairns and Noumea on the final section of the flight. One immediately took off again with His Excellency the

Governor and Lady Garvey for Levuka. The Sunder lands will eventually replace the present Cata linas of No. 5 Flying Boat Squad ron, RNZAF. Another eight will be stationed at Auckland with No 6 Training Squadron.

Affects Copra Industry

A Review by JPS

3 whale oil is one of the more important of the many factors affecting the price of copra, :*rief survey of that industry’s nent-day methods may interest onut-growers. here is a world of difference bewhaling to-day and that of days of Herman Melville and Moby Dick. For a beginning, scene of operations in the main shifted from the tropics to the sarctic. Yet not wholly, for liers will recall reports of “mys :dus” vessels sighted in the nity of New Ireland and the niralties in the summer of .-52. These were undoubtedly vessels of the Japanese whaling b licensed during that season hunt sperm whales —the only ely sperm-hunting fleet operat during that season. r haling now is strictly controlled the 17-nations International aling Commission, whose head rters are in London. Even Russia a signatory to the agreement ted in 1945, and appears to abide its terms. Whaling Commission 3rvers are carried aboard every .ory ship to see that prohibited jding-grounds are not worked, b no undersized whales or cows i calves are killed, that every ;h is reported, and that the wed quantity is not exceeded, i June of every year the Whal- Commission fixes the opening , closing dates for the coming »on and the total quantity to be ;n by the combined fleets. The son’s catch is announced in blue ile units—the blue whale being largest of all whales, averaging ut 90 feet long and yielding ut 120 barrels of oil. Thus for :y blue caught the whalers may ;h two fin whales, two-and-a -: hunr or six sei whales, or the past two seasons the ning date for pelagic whaling in Antarctic has been January 2, the combined catch fixed at 00 blue-whale units. The closing 3 has been midnight on April 7 the 16,000 units have not been 3n sooner. s no catch is specified for in dual fleets there is naturally n rivalry to take the lion’s share the total allowable catch, and 1 increasing efficiency in equip it the seasons are tending to Dme progressively shorter. Faster ;hods of locating, killing and messing the catch are being idily developed. 3SERVERS aboard each factory ship radio the daily catch to the International Bureau of ale Statistics, and as the grand

total of 16,000 units is approached the observers are alerted to report each individual catch, until, finally, the signal is given to close down— and another whaling season is over.

So long as the total annual oil yield is kept at the same level, it is evident that the faster methods will react favourably on the whal ing industry. The whales are in poor condition when in Spring they head south for the Antarctic to gorge themselves in the rich southern feeding-grounds. The longer they are left to feed there, the fatter

they become. Therefore, if the season can open later, the same quantity of oil will be taken from fewer whales. The season’s closing date is governed by the whale’s migratory habits.

Since the war there have been important developments which aid speedier handling. Helicopters have been used by a British expedition to spot the whales—though the use of these is considered precarious in the quick-changing weather condi tions of the Antarctic. Experiments are now being made in the use of explosive rockets fired from heli copters.

Another device is the small float ing radio beacon, dropped by the helicopter in the vicinity of whales to guide the chasers to the scene by taking radio bearings on this

mature transmitting station, asers use a similar device, which ry attach to the whale after kill it, to guide the factory ship to • scene—the chaser meanwhile Ring on with the job of locating fi killing other whales. [ERHAPS the most important development, still experimental, is the new electric harpoon iich not only kills instantly, but uses no internal damage to the >at and by-products, and also :ows the whale to remain floating being killed. Whales killed oh an explosive harpoon usually Lk, unless immediately inflated oh compressed air by the whale aser. rhe major problem with the elec :c harpoon is the development of electric cable which will stretch ten under strain, as does the lion rope used with the orthodox olosive harpoon. Such a cable is w being tried out. If it is a suc >s it is expected that most of the ialing fleets will in future use 3 lighter, more easily handled -ctric harpoon-gun, which re ires much less skill. In the past e gunners have been the key ;n of the whaling industry, com mding high salaries.

Phis season new devices have also en developed for locating the lale under water and following it methods similar to modern anti bmarine location.

LAST season (1952) whale oil slumped heavily from as high as £172 per ton to £72, about 50,000 tons still remaining unsold in Norwegian hands at the opening of the 1953 season.

The decline was caused by in creasing world supplies of other oils, notably coconut oil. The effect has been to reduce the whaling fleets from twenty-one to eighteen— eight Norwegian, three British, three Japanese, one Russian, one South African, one Dutch and one from Panama, the latter actually German-owned.

In the 1952 season, the British Ministry of Food contracted to buy all the British-produced oil that was offering, at £llO per ton—though the free market fluctuated from £172, at the opening of the season, to £7O by the middle of last year.

What arrangements the British Ministry of Food has made for the 1953 season are unknown.

ANTARCTIC whaling is, in the main, for baleen whales whose diet is shrimps and prawns— the baleen or whalebone being a kind of strainer in the mouth of the whale which permits only these tiny crustaceans to be swal lowed. These whales produce edible oil.

The sperm whale, toothed, and living on cuttle fish, is the only variety that could swallow Jonah.

The giant blue has a very small throat.

Different regulations govern sperm whaling, the season opening earlier and the whaling grounds ex tending to the tropics. Most of the whaling fleets, en route to the Ant arctic, spend a period sperm whaling before the Antarctic season opens. Sperm oil is usable only for industrial purposes—steel-temper ing, paints, etc. In the 1952 season, sperm oil was quoted on the Lon don market at £BO per ton at a time when best grade edible whale

oil was bringing £ll5. Sperm oil supplies do not greatly influence the edible oil market. There was a considerable glut of sperm oil at the opening of the 1953 whaling season.

Although the availability of edible whale oil on the world market must influence the price of coconut oil, whale oil production in the 1953 season is unlikely to be much higher than last, and it may be lower. Next whaling season may see a reduction imposed by the Whaling Commission on the num ber of whales to be killed, though improved methods could hold the oil yield at the same level. There is. however, certainly no indication of greatly increased supplies of whale oil appearing on the world market.

Any adverse influence on copra prices is more likely to come irom increased world output of edible vegetable oils, including coconut oil, than from whaling, which appears to have much more to fear from the vegetable oil market than vice versa.

WHALING statistics show that there has been a marked de cline in the numbers and sizes of blue and fin whales caught in post war years. In 1946-47—the first post-war season—9,3o2 blue whales were taken. Two seasons later the total was 6,964 blue whales. The percentage of blues declined from

40.8 per cent, to 28.5 per cent. It may be that the Commission will heavily reduce the permissible num ber of blue whale killings for the next seven years—the time that it takes for a blue to reach maturity.

A decision on this point will be based on the results of the 1953 season’s whaling. Certainly, if the price of whale oil further declines,

fewer factories will go south next season.

Last season, 1951-52, the Ant arctic whaling fleets took 2,328 869 barrels of oil—and the three Ant arctic land stations produced 144 812 barrels. Outside the Antarctic—in New Zealand, South Africa and elsewhere—6s6,426 barrels were pro duced. (1953 season’s figures opposite).

XTE mainly to the low price of whale oil, caused by increased world production of coco and other vegetable oil, I to a carry-over of whale oil m last season, three fewer whal factories were engaged in the i;arctic in the season just ended 1 the catch fell by 1,020 blue ale units to a total of 14,855 units the season. The permitted maxi :m catch was, as in recent years, 100 units. Thirty-eight fewer isers were engaged and the Aller catch took 10 days longer obtain. The season was from tuary 2 to March 16.

Torwegian whale meat is re tted to be selling readily in the .ted States, marketed in attrac * cartons containing a portion icient for three persons, and :;ed at from 85 to 90 cents, per ton. The meat is imported deep sen.

'he Australian Trade Commis ler’s Office in New York esti ites that there is a potential ile-meat market of about 10 lion pounds weight per annum the US.

ESULTS of a coconut-areas survey of Fiji carried out by Mr. L. W. Harwood of the i Agricultural Department and mtly published show the follow alms in bearing on estates and ntations: 68,607 acres; on Fijian led properties (not in organised ntations): 80,545 acres, tf these areas, 13,475 acres repre t trees under eight years of age; 117 acres of trees from eight to years old; 34,858 acres from 21 35 years old; 41,538 from 36 to years; and 51,537 acres over 50 rs of age.

Ir. Harwood estimates that to intain the industry at its present ;1 about 3,800 acres must be nted each year for the next nine rs. ew appointments to the BSIP ude Mr. P. J. A. Barrett, who been appointed Chief Clerk, stern Pacific High Commission, secondment from the United igdom Civil Service; and Dr. A. fins, Acting Senior Medical cer. Both are expected to arrive Honiara in July. The present dor Medical Officer, Dr. W. H.

Donald, has been transferred to . to take charge of the Leper tlement at Makogai, after more n six years service in the Pro ;orate. Mr. Barrett replaces Mr.

J. Bernhardt, who retired re tly after more than twenty years’ rice with the Protectorate Gov ment.

A pretty wedding was celebrated in Apia, W. Samoa on June (5. when Mr. Brian Cobcroft eldest son of Mr. and Mrs. A.

R. Cobcroft of Vaipoto Plantation was married at the Anglican Chaplaincy, to Miss Nola April Hansen of New Zealand.

The bridegroom’s father is a well-known pioneer cocoa planter. Miss Hansen has been a nursing sister on the staff of the Apia Government Hospital.

Mrs. H. Thieme was matron-of-honour and Mr. Denby Cobcroft, brother of the groom, was bestman. A reception was held at the Sisters’ Home at Motootua and later in the spacious grounds of the

residence of Mr. and Mrs. R. H. Car ruthers at Vailima, where a large gather ing spent a delightful evening.

I. Mr. R. L. Munro has been ap pointed Chairman of the Fiji Broadcasting Commission, which takes over responsibility for Fiji broadcasting next year. Other mem bers are Mr. I. B. Chalmers, Mr.

J. N. Falvey, Mr. G. Knapman, Pandit Ami Chandra, and the Act ing Director of Education (Mr. G.

Arthur).

the Louisiades

Fourteen years' missionary work among the natives of the Louisiade

Archipelago, Papua, qualifies the

Re y- H. K. Bartlett to write with authority on native customs. Mr Bartlett, who is now State secretary and clerical treasurer of the Methodist Overseas Mission, wrote the following article as the outcome of a paragraph which appeared on page 70 of the December P.I.M.

THE Misima natives who offered £2 for the “faded and chipped" shell, evidently had an eye to business. The shell was probably a Spondylus Chama or similar species highly valued by the Sudest and Rossel Islanders, Papua.

Broken, worm-eaten shells are prized, not for their outward appearance, but for the rich colour that appears during the grinding and polishing processes. The Misima name for such a shell is Dapele or Ava.

In 1941, when I was leaving Misima for a trip to the islands of the Calvados Chain, a native asked me to trade a Dapele for him on Sudest. I was to take not less than two strings of shell beads, valued at £6 each. I found, however, that the shell was neither the colour nor the thickness required by the men of Sudest and was advised to offer it to the Rossel Islanders.

On Sudest Dapele is traded openly but on Rossel Island the whole business is very secretive.

Rossel Islanders have an interest ing monetary system. A Ndap “coin” is a piece of shell, highly polished and roughly triangular in shape. The 22 main values are distinguished chiefly by colour which ranges from almost white through yellow to deep red A Nko “coin” consists of 10 shell discs strung on a piece of cane or orchid stem. On certain ceremonial occasions several hundred of Nko “coins,” totalling thousands of discs,] are displayed as a long rope.

While on a visit to Dyndye village I saw a single valve of a large shell, much worm-eaten and heavily encrusted. There was no outward indication of any colour! but I was informed that when these shells are ground the colours —red,, yellow or green—are sometimes re vealed. These shells are called Ndyile and are thought to have come from deep water.

According to tradition the god Wonago made Ndap from a bivalve which he found in Yonnga Bay.

Some of my informants suggested that Ndap and Nko were made from-; the two valves of the same shell.

The red Spondylus, commonly found at Rossel Island, has a free valve with a deep red lip, whereas

valve attached to the rocks very little colour. Some of the rig men claimed that the “true”

II was abundant in Yonnga Bay, the old men denied any Bwlegde of it. here was little chance of investi :on as the waters of the bay are tily tabu and no local native «s explore the ancient treasury Lhe gods.

Aining In

[?]Nus Air Fighting

IGHTER aircraft with Aus tralian civilian pilots from No. 23 (City of Brisbane) Squadron ie been to Manus for 10 days exercises in co-operation with iincoln heavy bombers from No.

Wing, Amberley.

Ihis was the first overseas opera i by Australian Citizen Air Force ;e the war. Five of the eight stang pilots engaged, and over if the ground-crew, were Citizen Force members, and their keen s made a good impression on ior officers. n interesting part of the train was instruction on jungle sur il, given by Lt.-Commander F. A. lades—who was well known in New Guinea-Solomons jungle iting of 1942-45.

From Our Own Correspondent SUVA, June 20.

SOME locally grown rice was sell ing in Fiji at £5O per ton in June, although world price is about £ll2 and the retail price in Suva of Australian rice is £FBfi/13/4.

Those handling rice in Fiji gave several reasons for the present low price of the local product. First, rice is in good supply, last season

having been good; secondly, the quality varies considerably and rice selling at £5O may not be top quality; thirdly, some Indian farmers, pressed for cash, are selling at lower than normal rates.

Overseas buyers rushing to order a consignment at £5O per ton can relax—rice in Fiji is a prohibited export.

A son (Peter John) was born to Mr. and Mrs. J. Weeks, of Rabaul, NG, on June 14.

JESSE H. BUFFUM, writing in the Christian Science Monitor, expresses the opinion that E.

Samoa enters a new era of hope with the arrival of Governor Law rence Judd—fourth governor in two years. Unlike his predecessors, says Buffum, Judd is a man with a considerable knowledge of Pacific Islanders and his life has, in fact, been that of an Islander himself.

Buffum predicts that Judd will place emphasis on greater educa tional facilities, especially the teaching of English which has hampered Samoans in filling posi tions in the outside world, and in placing these better educated Samoans in many local administra tive positions with the object in view of eventual self government.

Judd will also place great em phasis on increasing local food pro duction, in cutting down on im ported foodstuffs, and in the estab lishment of economic crops such as cocoa and coffee, the writer declares.

Another industry that he con siders Governor Judd will foster is the establishment of a fish can nery—the fish to be brought in from areas outside Samoa by American tuna vessels which cur rently operate far from their home ports in Hawaii or the Pacific Coast. (Editorial Note: Mr. Buffum is

putting it right up to Governor Judd, whose predecessors have not exactly been slackers. The estab lishment of economic crops depends on the availability of arable land— there are only 76 square miles of land in the whole group, and much of that is mountainous. There are 13,000 Samoans in Eastern Samoa.

A fish cannery was established in Pago wnen South Seas Marine Products set out to catch tuna in Fiji waters. It was to be canned in Pago in order to overcome import restrictions in the US. But Fiji

tuna refused to be caught and the cannery at Pago has been, up tc the present, a white elephant.) The Secretary of State for the Colonies has received a message from community leaders in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands offering to raise a force of up to 2.00 C volunteers for service in Malaya Her Majesty’s Government regrets however, that it is impossible “on practical and administrative grounds” to accept the offer.

[?]his is one New Guinea institution erving of more active support than it eives. It is the New Britain Women’s [?]b in Rabaul which, as well as providing pleasant club room for local women, [?] two bedrooms and a fully equipped chen where out-port women and their [?]ldren may do for themselves while [?]iting hospitalisation, etc. In April, the baul members of the club were provid mid-morning coffee and lunches for baul business people. We say “April” [?]isedly because this seemed an excellent vice to the public that was due to fold for lack of support and willing workers.

Flower Show

Prom a Special Correspondent

Moresby, June 20.

>ORT MORESBY’S first Flower Show was held in the Red Cross Hall on June 13, and spite the fact that it coincided th the start of the dry season, ere were 300 entries.

The South Pacific Post trophy snt to Mrs. N. W. Sheedy of the k Mile area who scored 31 points th her entries; second place, Mrs.

I. Cromie; and third award, Mrs.

M. Cleland.

The show was well patronized; out 800 were present when the Iministrator, Brigadier Cleland, esented the trophy to Mrs. leedy.

In addition to the local exhibits ere was a beautiful collection of iwers from the Highlands which ‘re flown to Moresby without arge by Qantas Empire Airways, le Highland display comprised idioli, carnations, delphiniums, id more than a dozen other rieties of temperate climate iwers.

Mr. K. J. O’Dell, who was chair an and manager of the Flower low, did a fine job, assisted by her enthusiastic citizens who are iw planning to form a Horticul ral Society.

The last meeting of the present ji Legislative Council takes place June 26 Elections for unofficial

European and Indian members to the new Council will probably be held in August. Fijian unofficial members will be selected by the

Mr. R. L. Bain and Mrs. Bain re :ned to Fiji from the United King m in mid-June. Mr. Bain shortly II leave Fiji to take up a posiiton Secretary to the Government of mga.

If Mr. E. A. Crane, MA, Principal of Lelean Memorial School, Davuilevu, Fiji, resigned in June to become Principal of the Government Col lege, Atele, Tonga. Mr. Crane has been in Fiji since 1946.

Here the Burns Philp motor-vessel Malaita is shown lying uneasily at the wharf Kavieng, New Ireland. What there is of the wharf is new, but only two legs the “U” have been built, and one leg is shorter than the other. This requires [?]e juggling on the part of Master Mariners who are unfortunate enough to have take their ships in there. It is difficult to manoeuvre so that more than one [?]tch at a time can be worked onto the wharf, and when this is accomplished there usually no place for the gangway.

A NUMBER of the best known streets of Papeete, Tahiti, named in 1890, have been re named.

Part of Rue des Remparts now becomes Rue du Frere Alain; La Rue des Beaux-Arts becomes Rue Edouard Ahne; La Rue du Four be comes Rue du Chef Teriierooiterai; La Rue de la Petite Pologne be comes Rue Paul Gauguin; what was formerly the latter becoming now a part of I’Avenue du Chef Vaira atoa; Le Quai des Subsistences becomes part of Quai Bir Hackeim; La Rue Quai du Commerce be comes Rue du Commerce: and the Rue du Senateur Joseph Quesnot is extended.

Some of the new names com memorate local personalities. Frere Alain was Director of the Brothers School for many years, Edouard Ahane a lawer and late Deputy Teriierooiterai, famous chief of Papenoo District who died July 1952, and Joseph Quesnot another late Deputy of French Oceania.

Gauguin was, of course, the artist who lived qnd painted some of his more important works in Tahiti before dying in the Marquesas. ;p ev - Fr : A - Angsthelm, SM, of W. Samoa, is at present visiting Europe. He arrived in Samoa in

H Fiji’s representatives at the Coro nation were heading for home late in May. Mr. H. Maurice Scott and Ratu George Cakobau called at Malaya to visit the Infantry Battalion before returning to Fiji.

Major Oliver Edwards and the three servicemen under his command who went to London from Fiji are re

turning via Canada, the US Panama and Hawaii in HMAS Australia. First Battalion men from Malaya under Major J.

Takala, were returning there by troopship. Mr. Vishnu Deo, repre senting the Fiji Indian community, broke his air journey home by a three-week stay in India.

passed through Suva on TEAL en route to France for a few months.

Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Carter returned to Suva after a business visit to Samoa and a look at Aitutaki and Papeete. (See elsewhere “Tikis for America”.)

Mr. C. J. Edwards, Asst. Manager in Australia for Employers Liability Assur ance Corporation, arrived in Suva by TEAL to examine the possibility of establishing a Fiji Branch under the agency of Oceania Agencies Co.

Zealander George Alton decided to [?] home after a 23-years stay-over in [?]iti. He has recently been a mechanic the Papeete brewery, [?]iss Ethel Nordman of Papeete (left) by her mother and friends as she [?]ped ashore from Tahitien on its lien voyage to Pacific. [?]r. R. Brozzetti, engineer of Papeete,

From Nauruans

)ME rather angry charges against the Australian Govern ment in relation to its admin ation of the phosphate island of iru were made on June 23 by H. E. Hurst, principal of a I-known school in Geelong, Vic a, who has taken a keen in ;st in the education of Nauruan s. He said there were more ■opeans in high positions in iru than ever before, although rtralia had promised the United dons that Nauruans ultimately lid fill all administrative posts, he Secretary of the Department Territories, Mr. Lambert, on le 24, said the appearance of :e Europeans in Nauru positions i due simply to the expansion of ustry and administration there. ; number of Nauruans in official ts had not decreased, and the hest position on the island rector of Native Affairs, and cial magistrate) now was held a Nauruan. But although every ility and encouragement were ;n the natives, their ambitions in ting administration posts some it outstripped their energy and 1. It was deliberate policy that Eerence be given to the Nauruans Government appointments ;n the Nauruans possessed the essary qualifications. l 17-year-old Penrhyn youth liv at Rarotonga, Cook Is., stole £l5 cash, a lumber jacket and other idries from the home of a Euro .n, then spent some of the ney, consumed some liquor, then nd himself a quiet corner in a ise where no one was at home, rest on his laurels. Unfortunately house happened to be that of ice Chief Jack Best. Result, 6 nths gaol.

This is a recent photograph of the Union delegates of the Fiji Industrial Workers’ [?]gress. The Congress consists of representatives of seven labour unions.

Left to right, at back: M. Ramzan (sec., P.W.D. Employees’ Union); B. D Law man BA, BT, (President, Fiji Airways Employees’ Union); Nandkishore (President, [?]i Sugar Industry Employees’ Association); Tomasi Vunisina (President, Fiji Timber [?]ustry Employees’ Union and Sec., Industrial Worker’s Congress); P. A. Singh resident, Fiji Commercial Employees’ Union).

In front: Capt. J. Mullins (President, Fiji Seamen’s Union); Ami Chandra, MA, [?]Ed., JP (President, Industrial Workers’ Congress); Basilio Mata (Sec., Fijian ne Workers’ Union). Photo by Caine’s Studio

Servants

T a special general meeting held in L Port Moresby, Papua, on June 23, Public Service Association voted

against a motion for compulsory member ship.

It also rejected another motion that benefits obtained for public servants through representations of the PSA be limited to financial members.

The meeting accepted a proposal chang

ing the composition of the PSA Council —that is, for replacement of divisional representation by department?.! repre sentatives.

Elections are to be held shortly to elect two representatives from each department who will serve on the Council instead of the representatives of Professional, Field, Technical and Women Officers. The executive will continue as members of the Council.

NZ’s Tokelau Stamps Racket

From a Special Correspondent TYPICAL of the ramps which are worked by even the most re spectable Governments upon the world’s stamp collectors is the action just taken by New Zealand in relation to the Tokelau Islands.

The Tokelaus probably represent the smallest administration in the Pacific —three or four small atolls, with some 3,000 Polynesians, at tached for purposes of convenience to the NZ Trustee Administration of Western Samoa.

Probably, in the course of a year, the Tokelaus would not normally receive or despatch more than a few hundred letters. But NZ has designed and printed a special set of stamps for the use of the Toke lauans; and, as most stamp collec tors —the world’s most passionate hobbyists—cannot be happy with out Tokelau stamps, the sale of the stamps is highly profitable for NZ —it more than pays the cost of governing the placid Tokelauans.

In June, a special Catalina plane from the NZ Royal Air Force flew to the Tokelaus, carrying 10,000 covers with Tokelau Coronation stamps upon them. The plane, in Apia, picked up ofiicials of the Samoan Post Office; the officials

landed upon the three Tokelau is lands (Fakaofo, Nukunono and Atafu) with their equipment; there they solemnly cancelled the Coro nation stamps on the 10,000 en velopes; and then the plane flew back to NZ with the envelopes, after returning the post-office officials safely to the bosom of their

families in Samoa.

If private enterprise engaged in such a racket, a furious populace probably would lynch a few man aging - directors and associated rascals. But when it is done by a Government Department it is “a legitimate means of making money for a good cause!”

sample of the big-game fish at Suva’s [?]t door. A 374-lb silver marlin, first [?] to be taken in Fiji waters on [?]ting equipment. Caught by Mr. James [?]wing (right), recently retired Governor E. Samoa, during May.

Interest In Ymca

Activities In Moresby

ALL sections of the Port Moresby community the churches, business interests, government, sporting bodies as well as private citizens —were well represented at the meeting held on June 22 to dis cuss the possibility of YMCA work being extended to the Territory.

Many of the speakers endorsed the view that a definite need existed for a recreational and cultural centre for the young European people of the community, most of whom live away from their homes and have only the various licensed

clubs to go to for recreation.

Mr. Rube Brennan, Administra tion Personnel Officer and Presi dent Q? the Public service Associa tion> was chairman of the meeting.

It was decided to appoint a pro visional committee to make contact with the Australian YMCA National Committee. Mr. E. A. James was appointed chairman, Mr. R. Thom- JrJr o PPrP tflrv with Messrs D E

“£ T K. Allen

as g enera j members.

The general view was that it would be advisable to make a start on YMCA activities with a centre in Port Moresby for Europeans, and later extend this to other Terri tory towns, and ultimately to simi lar centres for the native people.

Only the shells of two large umea warehouses remained after = fire broke out in them on the irning of June 23. They were xk and concrete structures, re

cently completed, and they carried much merchandise, just discharged from the MM liner Tahitien. The buildings and goods were owned by Maison Barrau, and the loss is

estimated in millions of francs.

Noumea’s inadequate fire-fighting equipment could not control the flames which, driven by a westerly wind, threatened a large residential area. So 500 yards of fire hose was run out from the Tahitien, and ’the ship’s powerful pumps assisted materially in checking the flames.

It was ill-fortune for Maison

Barrau; but it could have been worse because if the usual South-Easter had been blowing, the big firm’s main stores could scarcely have escaped. (Photo by Fred Dunn.)

Peculiar Economy

OF

NEW CALEDONIA has received much publicity lately from journalists who went to the South Pacific Conference in Noumea in April. Most of these visiting observers were impressed by the domination which the nickel and chrome interests exercise over the Territory. The following, from a leading Australian daily, is typical: “We could make much more of our natural resources, I suppose.

But our economy is dominated by the nickel company. All the profit from mining and smelting goes out of the country.

“Consider this—New Caledonia is among the most highly mineralised countries of the world. The moun tains have only been scratched for nickel and chrome. We’ve got iron and cobalt and manganese. There are more than 600 nickel mines, and the nickel company controls all life on the mining fields. There’s no income tax here. How can there be?

“With nickel it’s the old story of

the South Seas—all the profits from trade invested outside the region.

How do we finance our public ser vices?

“France makes some grants, the rest comes from import and export duties. We can develop more if some of the profits remain. Do we want that? Well, we are very com fortable as we are.”

I, Mr - J - G - Munt, a resident of Papua for 46 years, and owner of Nivam Island, Deboyne Lagoon has retired from the active man agement of his plantation properties and is taking an extended holiday m England and the Continent! before settling down. His two sons are carrying on the plantations and trading interests.

Ex-Servicemen’S Venture

:o sell, with a guarantee of ser vice and spare parts, craft suit able for Islands trade—especi- W converted war surplus craft— is the mission of Mr. Peter irockmorton, of Honolulu, who iited Suva and Noumea in June, jer a period in Papeete. as one of three ex-servicemen “tners in the Reliable Engine Re ;ir Service, of Honolulu, Mr. irockmorton says he is confident at his company can provide a wice to present owners of war *plus American vessels south of - Line, as well as to traders seek- T vessels.

Saving just completed the re fining of the well-known Taurua Papeete, and in anticipation of ling other vessels in that area, 5 company may organise a South cific service depot there. *lr. Throckmorton was recently charged from an Army hospital er service in Korea, and three irs as a repair foreman in an my yard in Japan. Another rtner Mr. W. (Red) Sholtz is an •chief engineer in US submarines; d the third partner, Jack Par is, is an ex US Navy CPO. oltz was formerly chief engineer the famous Cheng Ho junk- Jht, Throckmorton was engineer the Tahiti Public Works Depart nt’s LCT Porionuu, on its de cry voyage from Honolulu last ir. Combining business with that p, Throckmorton and Scholtz ho was by then in another hiti trading vessel) obtained a itract to re-engine the Taurua. [Vo of the partners, using a paid w, operated what they claim to the only non-US Japanese-owned ling boat that makes money, out Honolulu. The vessel, Sea Hawk, neered hand-line fishing in the mch Frigate Shoal, Maro Reef, i Palmyra atoll areas, and is jrating at the former locations the present time. ?he partners have plenty of en prise and deserve to succeed in dr present plans, but dollars may we an obstacle to business in ae South Pacific areas.

'Ui Cacau Away—The Tui

tau, normally on the Fiji inter mds service, cleared Suva under amand of Captain E. Hay, early ae, on a NZ Government charter bring leper patients in to Mako —four from Niue, seven from ' Cooks, and five from Apia. Re ning to Rarotonga as a passenger 3 CIMP Tou, who had been in 73. for some months on a special gical course. There were also ae boys who had failed to qualify the Central Medical School, re ning home. i/V. ALT AIR Morris Hed )m’s 260 g.t. AUair resumed on Fiji inter-island service late

June after refit. Captain George Whippy is now in command, replacing Captain J. Me. Arnot, who is bringing the South Pacific Shipping Co’s San Michele from Cyprus.

Vuniwai Stranding That

no blame was attachable to the Fijian master, as the shoal was unchartered and the topmarks miss ing from the beacons in the vicinity, was the official finding on the stranding of the 77-tons Medical Department’s Vuniwai at Moturiki Passage, near Qoma, Fiji, on April 28. The vessel was slipped in Suva, and damage was slight.

Writ On Vila Star— The New

Hebrides Trading & Shipping Go’s.

Vila Star, currently operating be tween New Hebrides, New Zealand and Australia, got publicity in NZ in May, when Northern SS Co., of Auckland, placed a writ on the vessel at Tauranga, in respect of a claim for £5,800, in dispute be tween the two companies. The debt was settled within a few days, and the ship sailed for Sydney.

Kaumoana At Papeete

Mervin Bros, single-screw, war surplus vessel Kaumoana, en route from France to Tahiti, broke her tail shaft 300 miles east of the Marquesas. Some members of the crew manned the boat and sailed

on ahead for assistance. Kaumoana was then towed to Marquesas by another vessel. Repairs were effected there with the aid of the workshop aboard the French naval sloop La Mouqueuse, and Kaumoana eventu ally reached Papeete under her own power.

Neo Hebridais Li—A Union

SS Co. vessel, formerly well known on the Australian coast and sold some time ago to a Sydney buyer, has been resold to Societe Maritime et Miniere Hagen, of Noumea.

Formerly Koranui —and before that Cleopatra —the vessel has been re named Neo Hehridais II and will replace the Neo Hehridais, which has operated on the Noumea-Syd ney service for 15 years. The vessel, built in Germany in 1914, is a steel steamer of 1,266 tons gross. Neo Hehridais, built in Holland in 1918, is a steel steamer of 793 gross tons.

Ada For G & E Charter—

Tasman SS Co’s recently purchased wooden motor vessel, Ada, went into service June 12, when she cleared Auckland for Tonga, fully laden.

The 300-tons-gross craft will operate a number of charter voyages for the Colony Wholesale Society, Gil bert and Ellice Islands. First of these was expected to be a general cargo from Suva to Tarawa, and the return voyage with empty drums. Other voyages were expected to be on the New Gilbertese settle ments on Phoenix Islands.

Boats For Trochus Fish

ING —Brought to Auckland recently by the Titanhank, four lifeboats salvaged from the ill-fated Kelvin hank (which was wrecked on Ocean Island some months ago) were put up for auction. They were purchased by the New Hebrides Trading & Shipping Co. and loaded aboard their Vila Star for transport to

Sydney. From there it is und stood that they would go north be used for trochus-fishing in No Queensland waters.

El Retiro In Trouble-

Retiro (formerly Kapiti, well knc in New Zealand waters) seems have ended her short and rat unhappy Islands career on a reel

iTew Hebrides in June. She was unit in Paisley in 1902. At first ' steamer she was later given a ;iesel motor of a type notoriously ckle. Captain E. Savoie, of Foumea, purchased the ship in uckland in 1950, used her for a •hue on the Noumea-Auckland ydney circuit, and sold her to an ther Noumea firm when he pur lased Maria del Mar (ex Margaret- V) from the same Auckland ivners.

San Michele On Way—South

acific Shipping Co’s wooden motor jssel San Michele, mentioned last onth, was expected to clear Cyprus 1 rout ® t 0 Suva > vi a Suez, late in me. The newly-formed company ugusf vesse * to arrive late fcoT MAOAE Another of ihiti s larger schooners, the aoae 145 tons gross (95 net) nk at her berth in Papeete on ay 30 after having lain idle for long period. Maoae was one of KLi a 5 g l two-masted schooners rchased by the local administrafrom North American owners nng the latter part of World War rhe others were Hotu (wrecked tne Tuamotu two years ago) and

. operatin g) • Together,

'Y iis ure d m a scandal during VJ 6g1 5? e °J S° ver nor Orselli, it ng alleged that someone had ;ri e fJS°?i, ey on th i ver y high price the?! aged craft. It is un u Maoae will be salvaged her hull is reported in very poor Klition and her useful life ended :JJ aa S Bluen °se-type of Grand iks schooner. Mervin Brothers the owners.

Nsurance And Moan A It

P Hmp d ? 9m Tahiti that

lerwr?t^r<j b v? ng ’ insurance

terwnters have refused to pay h« n J? e loss of the 161 -tons nff Moana, burnt at 0 “ o o A ?u a several months ago. second vessel to be by fire in the Tuamotus within tew months. The other was vntse. Another, had i on fire in the same area last

Yachts in the news. Left to tight: Moonraker, novia. Les 4 vents. and Ramona. All taken in Papecte recently.

year, but was saved by her master and chief engineer. All had dif ferent owners.

Kandavulevu For Sale—

The well-known little schooner Kandavulevu, of 32 gross tons, was for sale in Suva in June. Built in Suva by S. G. Griffin, in 1920, she is 50’ x 14V x 7’, with a 35 hp Vivian diesel. Owned by the Fijian Affairs Department she has operated for the Kandavu Island people until laid up some time ago. That service is now being maintained by the Mel anesia, which was purchased re cently from Mr. Frewen.

TIARE FOR REFIT— The French naval sloop Tiare was expected in Suva from Noumea early July for refit. The job was expected to take about ten days.

Aw A For New Guinea—The

wa , a former Navy Fairmile, which has been converted into a luxuri ous pleasure-yacht, 112 ft long, was in North Queensland waters in ™£ o, *r° n way from her h ome port Newcastle, to New Guinea and islands eastward. Her o w n e r skipper is Mr. J. T. Tillitzki, and he has three companions. The Awa has seven two-berth cabins, a din ing saloon, kitchen, lounge, bath

room and three wash-rooms.

Awala Arrives In Ng—Mr

C. E. Searle, of Awala Plantation, m the Northern District, Papua, has recently returned there from Australia with a 48-ft trawler.

He intends to use it to move plantation freight from Lae and other centres to Cape Killerton, the

Tui Cacau left Suva for the Cooks and [?]moa on a leper patient trip.

Schooner Kadavulevu on sale in Suva.

MH's Altair resumed in the Fiji inter island service after survey.

The new motor-vessel “Simbang,” re cently built in Brisbane for the Lutheran Mission, photographed as she lay al^” s ‘ the Mission wharf in Madang, New Guinea. It was a gala day at the Mission on June 14, when Dr. Kuder, President of the Lutheran Mission, dedicated the vessel to the service of his church, in an impressive ceremony. coast outlet for the Popondetta- Kokoda district.

He has renamed the craft Awala, and sailed it himself from New South Wales to the Territory.

Erica Blown On Beach—

The coastal vessel Erica was blown on to the beach at Wewak, NG, on the night of June 8 when a 50mile-an-hour wind hit the area.

She was refloated early on the morning of the 12th by the Gov ernment trawler Thetis and the Mission ship Fatima Star, which had maintained towing operations for three nights.

(Due to the large number of yachts now cruising in or towards the South Pacific Islands—about 50, to our knowledge—only brief move ment reports can be given here, after initial details of yacht crew and plans have been published Details of cruising yachts, not

already mentioned here, are always welcome. Write to Pacific Islands Monthly representative, Box 5179, Wellesley St. Post Office, Auckland, NZ.) • The big 54-foot cutter Leda, of Tauranga, NZ (recently at Suva in the course of a cruise to the States) had a fortunate escape from seri ous damage at 8 p.m. on June 14.

•In company with other Suva yachts E3he had been down to Beqa Island for the week-end. Approaching too

close inshore, before bringing the Suva leading lights in line, the yacht struck the southwest corner of the reef at the entrance to the pass.

Fortunately, conditions were almost dead calm, with the tide not quite full. A cutter was hastily despatched from Suva wharf to render assist ance, but Leda had been pushed off the reef by her crew by the time it arrived on the scene. Damage was insignificant.

Leda cleared Suva on June 27 bound eastward, with a first call at Ngau Island, in the central Fijis.

Mrs. C. G. Wilson and her three children remained behind; the brother owners, Mrs. W. A. Wilson the ship D ' Woolf contin uing with T, a 30 ft double-ender cutter is the latest Auckland yacht imported preparing for a South Pacific cruise. Owner D. Ryan and l th h f plan t 0 head fo?

JJhm* possibly via other islands hist, clearing NZ late June.

. yacht movements re-

l he 1 5 onth included; Water, bound Tahiti from Auckland, called at Rapa; White Aucklanri rn «f? Papeete direct from Auckland, after a rough passage- Taurangi, now at Papeete, called at Raivavae en route from Auckland-

Viking, of Sweden, cleared Suva r June 13, for Vila and Port Moresby. • Viking was wrongly reported here as heading for New Zealand.

Steve and Brlta Holmdahl never

[?]ptain John Ozanne, returned to join [?]ans-pacific Race yacht after bringing [?]schooner Ramona south to Papeete Mr. Wm. A Pomeroy of San Francisco. [?] yacht Viking at Suva, and,

[?]. her owners Steve and Brita

dahl. [?] Medical Department's Vuniwai.

atended other than to sail round rtie world—the first Swedish yacht o make such a voyage for a very ong time past, if ever before.

Two other corrections must be j iade We were wrongly informed nat Beyond, now in French Oceania saters, is manned by Claude Worth, ne well-known yachting writer. ■ • c - Worth is the son of Claude forth. Mr. Kauffman, of the acht L’Hirondelle, was described in iiese notes as an American. He is Dane.

Honolulu -Tahiti Race.

Late in June disappointing news as received from Eugene Overton, js Angeles representative of the rans Pacific Yacht Club. On June „ the original six or seven yachts ;.pected to start in the Honolulu ahiti race in July had been re cced, through withdrawals, to only T o. There was hope that others ould reconsider; but in any event ic race will be sailed with the two tries. The vessels are Chiriqui d Mistress. The first is a 61* o.a. tch owned by Tucker McClure, of >s Angeles and Panama; and the ier a 38’ sloop, owned by Walter Johnson, Jr., of San Francisco, lough entries were to close June they will now be held open right isailmg date (July 24) in the hope late entries.

Hr Overton reported that there 5 35 entries for the Trans Pacific

os Ajigeles-Honolulu) race this

v—z record. The race was leduled to start July 4.

Tobacco Baron Returning

American tobacco millionaire (Mr R. J. Reynolds), who cruised in French Oceania waters last summer

""SsCSi

“ - “■ is ■sta

Aries. w ?, s f° Mr - Reynolds’ ord^ r *?y the famous British ship ?SSLi Cai ?P er & Nicholson. Gaff

jsSlVB

a tvs aw

Tiving unit, and two 20 k.w. gen sator units powering an extensive [ray of navigational aids—radar. [to, sounder, radio-telephone, etc. ompleted late 1952, she is of 124 tis register, and should cause con lierable interest at her Islands [•rts of call. •• Arthur Rogers is now likely to sume her voyage to New Zealand planned (see last month) as the Earter voyage from French Oceania San Francisco did not eventuate.

Gainst

[?]Uliama Expedition

N June 12, Sydney Morning Herald, under a big heading, “Native Labour Recruiting Trip Islands,” announced that the le Burns Philp motor vessel Hama had gone to the Gilbert i Ellice Islands area to pick up sh parties of native labourers, I return time-expired boys to ir homes. leaven knows why the Herald uld have got so excited about a alar and normal proceeding. The Hama goes in this way every r or two to Fanning and Wash ion atolls, where there are big mut plantations but no native ulation, and carries the Gil ;ese labourers back and forth. • rnen on the overcrowded >erts are very eager to engage this well-paid labour contract. atolls named are part of the ind E Colony. it the repprt stirred up a former ads missionary who, signing self “(Rev. Dr.) E. E. V. Collo . Beecroft,” wrote for the Herald tter in which he painted a dis picture of “the basic mis yousness of taking peasants far i the securities and social re ns of their villages, to work as arers in foreign stores and tations.” He said that this led afresh the whole disquiet question of indentured labour.” ands people, of course, treat statements with the mixture nusement and contempt which deserve. But mainlands folk, ang nothing of the real condi »u&turally get the impression this is further evidence of the citation of the h e 1 n 1 e s s flers.” Probably there is no mischievous influence in •ui a^^ lrs to-day than this irre ible element—the retired mis ry newspaper-letter-writers.

“fw V<Vt Sou 5 Australia oil

«s0 that New Guinea logging

actor William Winter ii

ing his 15-ft canoe down the iy, from New South Wales to i Australia.” He was in Ren at the end of June

The monthly meeting of the Polynesian Association of Sydney is a rendezvous for >'ormer Islands residents, and newcomers, during recent few months visitors from Tonga were Mr. Tavita Taumoepeau and ills wife, Mrs. Anisi Taumoepeau; Doctor Foliaki; and Mr. Mosese Fineaganofo— iJl of whom have since returned to Tonga.

From Fiji came Mr. Angus Sword, of uevuka; Mrs. Lily Antilla; and her brother Mr. Hugh Smith, of Suva.

A vivacious visitor from Tahiti was Hrs. Dolly Fry, daughter of Mrs. Lia Higgins. of Papeete. Also from Tahiti vas Monsieur Rene Quesnot, passing trough on his way to a holiday in :'ranee.

The Club drama and dance group made nany appearances for charities, one pectacular effort being at the Waitara iome of Mrs. K. McCauley, when over 1200 was raised for the Sacred Heart listers War Memorial School Building at iowral.

In June, members gave a welcome to »1. Naumu and Harold Hann, the two Hawaiian members of the American foot all team. A kava “Fa’a Samoa” was tade under the direction of Mrs. Olga age, formerly of Apia, and offered to the Hawaiian guests as a token of “aloha”, ady members gave a presentation of amoan dances, seated on mats, wearing vpa cloth and multicoloured lavalavas. nother feature at the Hawaiian evening as the “Ori Tahiti” dances presented by »ung Suzanne Janson, of Suva.

Island visitors often say the Club is »rd to find. But the name is in the rdney Telephone Book under Polynesian isociation, number FW 4661; and Islands sitors are warmly welcomed.

Mr. Colin W. Mansell, manager

; Mackay Kerry Pty. Ltd., Islands

erenants of Sydney, accompanied

f Mr. R. Albrecht, left by air for

Iji and Samoa, on business, on

ily 9.

Pitcairn

Officials

Pitcairn Is. Council recently appointed for 12 months. In front are Chief Magistrate John Christian and Assessor Thornton Christian. At back are Assessor Christie Warren and Chair man of the Internal

Committee, Mr.

Clarence Young.

The newly formed Administratipn Sports Club of Rabaul, NG, had its first victory when they won the McCarthy Cup in the recent tennis competition. Dragons, the runners up (a Chinese team) were the only team to defeat the Admin team during the series.

Mrs. N. W. Sheedy holding the South Pacific Post trophy which she won at the Flower Show in Port Moresby on June 13.

Mr. Sheedy looks on.

Photo by Papuan Prints.

From Our Own Correspondent

Port Moresby, June 30.

k/XN June 2 a District Services patrol was attacked in the Tagari River region of the Tan IDistrict, NG Highlands, and a native constable killed.

The patrol had gone into the area -as a routine measure to stop tribal flighting, and on intervening was iitself attacked. A shower of arrows iwas looked on the party, the native constable was fatally hit, and a native carrier wounded. As far as ;:ould be ascertained, there were no casualties among the attackers.

Subsequently 30 natives were firrested and charged with riotous behaviour. Tribal fighting ceased ;.n the area, and the patrol with drew from the Tagari River sec tion. The patrol was in charge of Acting Assistant District Officer W. G. Murdock, with Patrol Officer •J. T. Neville.

Tari, like Mendi, is a new High lands region where the first govern ment stations were set up about wo years ago. Inter-tribal fighting nas been in progress for centuries, nd they do not see yet why it mould be stopped now.

I NEW issue of Norfolk Island X stamps was on sale at Norfolk Island and Canberra on June It is reported that sales of first ly covers, etc., was not up to ex cctations—business done at Nor >lk Island was under £4,000 and u nder 1 amoun t received hen Norfolk Island stamps were st issued a few years ago.

W. D, & H. O. Wills (Aust.), Ltd., Sydney, paid a business visit to Fiji and Polynesian Islands in June. Mr. B. H. Bull, of Dreketi, Vanua Levu, travelled to Auck land by June Tofua. Mrs. Siu Barber, Miss M. Mangino and Mrs. T, Grevel, of W. Samoa, journeyed to Auckland by Tofua. Miss Nancy Fine, Miss Winnie Ross and Seth Barratt went to Fiji from Nukualofa in June.

The Orient Line will conduct three cruises from Sydney to Pacific Islands during the coming year. The first will be to Suva and Noumea by Orcades between Dec ember 2 and 15; the second, also by Orcades, to Auckland and Noumea, between 17-30 December; and the third, by Oronsay, to Suva and Auckland between February 11 and 24, 1953. Fares are from £A76.

Mr. Matthew J. Cody, has become a director of Emperor Gold Mining Co. and Loloma (Fiji) Gold Mines in succession to his brother, Mr.

P. F. Cody, who died recently.

sland travellers in June (top to tom); Flight Lieutenant and Mrs. C.

Boulton visited Tonga, Niue, Samoa by [?]ua in June, on leave from Lauthala [?]RNZAF station. Mr. J. Hayden [?]th, export-sales superintendent for

Through various touring parties of young natives, New Guinea and Papua have been receiving a lot of publicity in recent months. The police unit of 25 men, recently taken to London by In spector Sinclair to march in the Queen’s Coronation procession, gained much atten tion from Australians and Australian news papers. They returned by air in June.

The above photograph is typical. It shows Papua-New Guinea’s four native delegates to the South Pacific Conference in Noumea being interviewed, on behalf of the Australian Broadcasting Commission, by Mr. Joseph Post, of the Sydney Symphony Orchestra. They had heard a symphony orchestra for the first time.

For Moresby

From Our Own Correspondent

Moresby, June 30.

AT the June meeting of the Port Moresby Advisory Council the Chairman, Mr. E. A. James, referred to a suggestion made some time ago by the Minister for Terri tories, Mr. Paul Hasluck, that a Historical Society be formed.

The desirability and need for gathering and preserving the his tory of the Territory was brought before the Council by the Minister m his first visit to Port Moresby, ■t has been a matter of keen regret ;o many responsible residents of ;he Territory that so much of the

history of the Territory is in danger of being lost, A great deal of it is unrecorded, and already the steadily thinning ranks of the original pioneers has narrowed down the field from which information could have been gathered, However, there are still many who have valuable knowledge of the early days of European settlement, and the formation of a Historical Society would be an important first step towards preserving these dis appearing records.

The Council is now obtaining in formation from the New South Wales Historical Association to assist the plan to form a similar body in the Territory.

Recent Port Moresby Weddings

From top to bottom: Mr. and Mrs. H F. Harvey (bride was formerly Miss Zo[?] Randall, daughter of the Rev. Mr Randall) who were married at St. John’s Church, Port Moresby, on May 30. The flowergirls shown in the photograph are Meeghan and Gwyneth Morris.

Mr. and Mrs. Knowles (bride was formerly Miss McGilvary of Samarai) after their wedding at the Ela Beach Church, Port Moresby, on May 30.

Mr. and Mrs. Trevor Bruce after thei[?] marriage at Ela Beach Church, Por[?] Moresby, on May 30. The bride was formerly Miss Ruby Hardy. They will make their home at Obu Estate, Papua.

Photos by Papuan Prints.

New Installation in Fiji

i 1,700,000-gallons bulk terminal 4k. for jet fuel and aviation gaso lines is being completed at □da Point, Fiji, by the Vacuum 111 Co. Pty. Ltd., although the omet jet air service between vdney and Honolulu will not now Eminence this year. Sir Ronald Earvey (Governor of Fiji) will flcially open the new installation ji July 23. [ln Melbourne recently Mr. J.

Jacobs (Chairman and Man ning Director of Vacuum) said the •W terminal would serve the :odern hydrant refuelling system iequal to the best in the world •which the Co. had installed at udi international airport. The itial shipment of jet fuel had ien refined at the Co.’s refinery at itona, near Melbourne; and was ie first bulk jet fuel produced in iistralia for export.

Until jet aircraft enter the -cific service, the Vuda Point rminal and the Nadi airport’s drant system will provide fast, icient refuelling with the grades aviation gasoline required by airliners calling jularly at Fiji.

Remarkable Luck In

Moorings

For use at thp vnda Point tprminal the Vacuum Oil ,Co vvncured’in the New Hebrides’a set of 11 tons mooring anchors, with cables. But, while being transported from New Hebrides to Fiji, the moorings were lost in a ship wreck* Vacuum was faced with the task of quickly replacing them. Using United States Navy charts as a guide for dragging operations, a set of moorings actually was located in the sea off Vuda Point. w ... .. . , With the approval of Fiji Goveminent, and using improvised salvage equipment, Vacuum en-

gineers recovered sufficient anchors and cables to replace those lost.

The moorings are now located at the seaward end of the 1.580-feet tnSslr? ne^^i?phtline, *2}f 0 . ugll which + th b- ir tanks at Vuda romu '

Norfolk Is, Resident

„ . following residents of Nor folk Island were awarded Corona tlon Medals: Brigadier H. B. Nor man. Mr. E. D. Mallett, Mr. Consett Christian, Mr. E. C. Robinson Mr C. M. G. Adam, Mrs. G Findlay and Miss Corbett.

Lir. Alexander S. Tetzner

/Mr. A. S. Tetzner, who died in me on his station in New Zealand, >d a remarkable career. He was illiantly successful in the Russian fblic service, and was a provincial vvernor when the Bolshevik revolu ♦n in 1917 forced him to flee iross Siberia. He started life jain in the insurance business, i d had much success in China and New Zealand. Finally, with his !fe, a Russian Baroness, he settled r wn on his own large property in ew Zealand, and again attained ccess and prominence. He is sur ved by his wife, and his son—Mr. [rgius A. Tetzner, a well-known sident of Suva.

Mrs. E. T. Hart

The death occurred on June , of Mrs. Ellen Terese Hart, aged years, at her home, 128 Correy’s r enue, North Strathfield, Sydney, rs. Hart was the mother of Dr. slie Bruce Hart, who practised a dentist in Suva for 30 years, ior to his death at Suva in tober, 1951. Mrs. Hart, senior, ed for some years in Suva with r son, and was well-known sre.

Mr. Edward Anderson

vlr. Edward Anderson, Chairman Directors of Henderson & Mac •lane Ltd., died in Auckland on ne 16, aged 84. He had been lociated with the Polynesian ands trade since 1918, when he ;ame Managing Director of the mer S. R. Maxwell & Co., which ned the lease of a number of lated islands and had an import b branch in Papeete until the o’s. Mr. Anderson travelled lely in the Islands between 1918 i 1928. He bought into Hender i & Macfarlane in 1920. This firm merly had vessels trading in the jific.

Mr. A. W. James

Ir. Algernon Willie James, a y old resident of Suva, died there le 26, aged 67. Born in England, James went to Australia when y young and from there enlisted the Australian force which occu -1 New Guinea in World War I. the following year he joined the public service, and then trans ■ed to the Second Fiji Contin t and served in France, where was wounded, and twice de ited for gallantry, earning the [tary Medal and Bar. Back in , he joined the Customs Depart it and remained there until his rement in 1946. Since then he been official film censor. Mr. les was formerly a keen soccer r er, and did much to establish game in Fiji, in later years he been a keen bowler.

Mr. James married Miss Jane Cuthbert in 1920. He is survived by his wife and three sons—one in the Suva Customs office, one with NAC in Auckland, and the third with the RNZAF at Lauthala Bay, Fiji.

captain j. m. mckenzie Captain J. M. McKenzie, formerly assistant Harbour Master in Suva, tnd well known in the Western i'acific, died in Suva War Memorial Hospital late in May. He had been :a poor health for s6me time.

Mr. William Tarr

Mr. William Tarr, 78, died at [pia, W. Samoa, at the end of June, ifter a long illness. He was well mown in the printing trad© in ;’iji, Tonga and W. Samoa; and or some years he was Government irinter at Nukualofa. He was later 11 charge of the Samoan Guardian, nd more recently was on the staff :f the Samoan Bulletin. Mr. Tarr lamed Miss Jessie Skeen, daughter f the late Chief Justice Skeen, of I'onga. One of his three daughters : Mrs. Rob Wright, of Suva.

Miss Beatrice Grimshaw

The death occurred in Bathurst, TSW, at the end of June of Miss ;eatrice Grimshaw. She was 82.

Miss Grimshaw was a well-known nd prolific novelist and short tory writer, particularly in the first iree decades of this century.

She lived for a considerable time i Papua, near Port Moresby not ar from where the present Rouna alls Hotel stands, and most of her ovels had a Pacific Islands back round.

She was born in Ireland and in le early years of the century was ammissioned by the London Daily rraphic to travel round the world nd write her experiences. She did ot complete the journey but settled i Papua and later in NSW where er brother had a property.

Her novels and stories were of the ighly coloured variety, all with a ►ve interest centring around some eautiful white woman. Her first ovel, When the Red Gods Call was üblished in 1910. Others (and she üblished 40) included From Fiji ) The Cannibal Islands, In The trange South Seas, New New ruinea, Guinea Gold, The Sor

cerer’s Stone, The Kris Girl, Red Bob of the Bismarcks, Conn of the Coral Islands, etc. _. ___.

Parua Ariki Of Atiu

Parua Ariki, a woman of outstanding character, a chiefess of Atiu Island, Cook Group, and a member of the Island Council since 1934, died at Atiu early in June. Parua Ariki, who was 67, married Maka Kea Ariki in 1903, and traced her ancestry back to Parua Nui Ariki, the leading chief of the island at the time of the coming of the Gospel to Atiu. She exercised a strong influence on Atiu affairs after she was appointed to the Council.

Mr. George Crummer, Snr

Mr. George Crummer, Snr., aged 86, died at Rarotonga on May 17, following a road accident—he collided with a stray horse while riding his bicycle, Mr. Crummer arrived in Raro tonga in 1800 aboard the schooner George Nicholas, in which he had a share, and he became associated with many activities and events in the Cook Islands. A keen photo grapher, he owned a wonderful col lection of old photographs, many of historical interest, and probably the only ones in existence covering many early events in Rarotonga, He was associated with the first cinema to come to the Cooks, and

:t one time he operated a bus ser iice, helped build the old Raro onga hotel, and was interested in ne first sawmill (for manufacture If fruit cases). He leaves three sons ind three daughters.

Mr. T. F. Cody

Mr. T. F. Cody died recently in llelbourne. He had been associated dth gold-mining in Fiji since the Imperor and Loloma mines were jpened—he was an original member If the syndicate, with the late Mr.

"heodore, which financed the prov ing of the field.

Sir Guy Pilling

Sir Guy Pilling, KC, MC, died at Nairobi on June 13 after a short llness. He was well known in Fiji, raving gone to the Colony as a padet in 1907. By 1921, he was assistant Colonial Secretary. In 1926 he was appointed Secretary of he Western Pacific High Com nission, and in 1929 he became assistant to the High Commissioner, lis Fiji service ended when he was ransferred to British Honduras. since 1949, he has been Speaker of he East African Central Legislative Assembly. He was awarded CMG n 1932 and became KCMG in 1941. sir Guy Pilling married Miss Gladys Seville, elder daughter of the late tdr. and Mrs. Joseph H. Garrick, >f Suva, in 1912, and is survived >y his wife, and a married daughter, £rs. Douglas Duncan, of Kenya. A ion was killed in action in 1941.

Emile Robert Stein

Aged 52, and for many years past i clerk in the Papeete courthouse, Cmile Robert Stein died at his home it Mamao, Tahiti, after a long llness, leaving a widow and eight shildren. He was born in Tahiti.

Madame Pierre Herault

Madame Pierre Herault (nee Sugenie Labourre), member of one >f Tahiti’s best known families, died ;here on June 8, aged 49, follow ing an operation.

Forestry Board

DURING the debate on the Fiji Forestry Bill in Suva late June, the second Fijian member, iavuama Vunivalu, strongly opposed i clause which seems to permit non-Fijians or non-Europeans to become members of the Forestry Board. The Board will have con siderable powers, and the lands nainly involved will be Fijian jwned.

The Fijian member, noting that the door appeared to be thrown >pen for the first time to members >f other races (i.e., Indian) to be come seated on a Board which will leal principally with Fijian lands, appealed to the Governor to give

most serious consideration to the constitution of the Forestry Board.

The inclusion of other races on the board, he said, would not be in keeping with the Deed of Cession or with the present wishes of the Fijian people.

Mr. H. Maurice Scott, MLC, of Suva, was in Sydney in early July en route to Fiji. He was one of Fiji’s representatives at the Corona tion and visited the Fiji Battalion in Malaya on his way home.

Enterprise of NG Gold and Petro leum Development, NL, in July applied for a permit to search for oil in the Sepik District of NG.

JCnless otherwise stated, quotations are in Australian currency)

Copra

(The following are based on the MOF contract prices for 1953 in the Territories samed.) PAPUA-NEW GUINEA.—Copra Market ng Board rates: Main ports, Hot air, 270 per ton; FMS, £69/5/-; Smoked, :*66/10/ —at main ports (except Kokopo, >here rates are 17/6 less). Sydney ■rushers pay: Plantation Hot-air; £9l; ['MS, £9O/15/-; Smoked, £9O/2/6.

FIJI. —At Suva and Levuka, 1953; [■lantation grade (60 points and over) 2F66/5/6 per ton; FMS (45-57 V 2 points) ;F66; other grades £F64/15/-- £F62/15/-.

W. SAMOA.—MOP contract is £Stg.6s >er ton, f.0.b., Western Samoa; producers ■eceive about £lO less.

BSl.—Prices based on MOF contract of [iStg.6s, per ton, f.o.b. Rates to pro .ucers are: £A62/3/4 per ton, delivered Honiara; £A63/3/4, delivered Tulagi or randina; £A62/18/4, delivered Gizo.

NEW HEBRIDES.—Recent quotation: 93 lletrop. francs per kilo in store, Marseilles £AI2O approx, per long ton).

FRENCH OCEANIA.—Tahiti: 10.25 francs >er kilo (£A74/6/- per long ton); Tuamotu 10.80 francs per kilo (£A74/6/- ■er long ton).

COCOA. —Islands prices are usually »ased on rate for Accra cocoa (W.

Urica), quotation (from Colyer Watson jtd., Sydney) for which on July 1 was £ 5tg.245 (£ A307/5/- approx.) c.i.f. ton, lent. ports.

N.G. — £ A 290 approx, per ton, in store, Jydney.

New Hebrides.—Sales to France recently irought: 255-260 Metrop. francs per kilo £ A 32- £ A 332 approx, per long ton) for luperior grades; average grades, 240 detrop. francs per kilo. (£A3O9 approx. >er long ton); all in bond Marseilles.

Samoa.—Sydney agents in July quoted iamoan cocoa at £Stg.26o (£A325 ipprox.) f.o.b. per ton, first grade.

Samoan currency equals Stg.) COFFEE. —Islands prices ruling in July ?ere: Papua-N.G.—Few sales in Sydney ately; first of new season’s crop expected o arrive shortly. Most recent price was nominal) 6/- per lb. (£672 per ton).

New Caledonia. —Crop mainly ex erted to France. Recent quotation was 98 Metrop. francs per kilo (£ASI3 ipprox. per long ton).

RUBBER. Papua-New Guinea. —Market luctuates from day to day, based on price filing in Singapore. Quotation on July 7 vas: 31d Aust. lb. Singapore rate fuly 8 No. 1 grade RSS (sellers) spot 15c. lb. c.i.f. (approx. 28V4d Aust. lb.).

VANILLA BEANS. —Sydney quotation (by fictor Karp, Tulk & Co.): Tahiti; White 25/9; Yellow, 25/9; Green, 24/9; ill per lb. c.i.f. Sydney. Market quiet it moment owing to between seasons lull; lew crop due July-August.

RICE.—New season’s (1953-1954) price: ‘apua-N.G.—Dry brown £9O per ton; Pressed £96 per ton. Other Pacific Is., ixcept NZ dependancies, £96 per ton.

Desiccated Coconut. Sydney

igents quote Ceylon, 1/6 Stg. per lb. pot, delivered to store, Sydney (l/10y 2 per lb.). New Guinea: 2/5 x / 2 lb. pot, delivered in store, Sydney.

PEARL SHELL.—Prices fixed between Forres Strait producers and Otto Gerdau 30. (USA) for 1953: AA/A/B grades 15 cents lb. (£ABSO approx, per long «n); C, 80c. lb. (£ A 800); D, 55c. lb. [£ A 550); E, 40c. lb. (£A400); EE. 30c. b. (£A3OO) —all c.i.f., New York. New >rices expected shortly. Cook Is.—

Manihiki Blacklip; American market firm at 35 cents US per lb., f.0.b., Rarotonga.

Producers currently receiving 1/8 lb. Aust. (approx. £AIB7 per long ton). Tuamotu blacklip: Divers receive 47 Pac. fr. per kilo (£ A 336 per long ton) on beach.

TROCHUS SHELL.— No interest been shown in shell in Sydney lately—last Quotations were: 8.5.1., £AI3S per ton; New Hebrides, £AIBO approx, per ton; N.G., £A2OS-£ A2lO per ton. Fiji, reported Japs, recently offered £FIBO per long ton.

GREEN SNAIL SHELL.—Sydney agents recently quoted: N.G.—£2lo per ton.

N.H. —Ist grade, £220 per ton; 2nd grade, £lB5 per ton. 8.5.1. £2OO per ton.

PEANUTS. —Papua-N.G: Still no sales in Sydney owing to competition from Northern Rivers (NSW) crop which should be on the market for about another two months. Last price was 2/- per lb.

London Prices

London, May 14.

Copra, c.i.f., Continental Ports, ton.— New Hebrides, May-June 91,500 Metrop. fr. (£ AllB approx.) Tahiti. May-June . .. 94,000 Metrop. fr. (£ Al2l/10/- approx.) FM Straits, June-July £Stg.Bs (£AIO6/5/- approx.) Ceylon, FMS Nominal Philippines, bulk, June-July .. USS2O7V 2 (£ ABB/17/- approx.) Coconut Oil, c.i.f., ton.— FM Straits, 3Vfe% drums .. .. £Stg.l2s (£ A159/5/- approx.) Ceylon, bulk £Stg.l2l (£AISI/5/- approx.) Cocoa, per 50 kilos, c.i.f., Nth. Con tinental Ports. — Accra, May-July, £Stg.l3/2/6 (£A2B7/10/- approx, per long ton.)

Fiji. —Through Bank Of Nsw, Anz

BANK and BANK OF NZ. Australia on Fiji, basis £lOO Fiji: Buying, £Alll/2/6; Selling. £ All 3. Fiji-London, basis £lOO London; B. £llO/12/6; S. £ll2. NZ-Fiji, basis £lOO NZ: B. £lll/11/9; S. £llO/4/3.

Samoa.— Through Bank Of Nz.

Australia on Samoa, basis £lOO Samoa; B. £ A123/12/6; S. £AI24/10/9. Samoa- London, basis £lOO London; B.

£lOO/7/6; S. £lOl/10/-. Samoa-NZ, basis £lOO NZ: B. £100; S. £lOO/10/-.

Samoa-Fiji, basis £lOO Samoa: B. £111; S. £llO.

Papua-Ng.—Commonwealth Bank

(branches Port Moresby, Lae, Rabaul, Madang) and BANK OF NSW (Port Moresby, Lae, Rabaul) quote exchange rate Australia-Papua-NG: 10/- per £lOO.

Bsi.—Commonwealth Bank (Branch

at Honiara) quotes exchange rate Aus tralia-BSI: 10/- per £lOO.

FB. PACIFIC COLONIES.—Pacific francs, most valuable of the three franc groups in French Union, are used in New Cale donia, New Hebrides, and Fr. Oceania.

FRENCH BANK (Comptoir National D’Escompte de Paris) in Sydney quotes (nominally): 140 Pac. fr. to £Aust.; 178 Pac. fr. to £stg.; 64 Pac. fr. to US $.

Aug., 1952, To Jul, 1953, Inclusivi

(First numeral indicates number of issue, second numeral gives page.)

Voludse Xxiii Is Indexed Under

The Following Headings:

Agriculture Pacific, General Asia Pacific Personalities Aviation Papua-New Guinea Book Reviews Pearling, Shell Cook Is. Fishing Copra Pitcairn Is. (Inc. all edible oils) Rhino. Beetle Coronation Samoa, East Deaths Samoa, West Fiji Ships, Shipping Gilbert & Ellice Is. Solomon Is.

Health South Pacific Com- Marshalls, Marianas mission & Caroline Is. stamp Col ,ecting.

Missions Nauru Tahiti N. Caledonia lahI ah]ltl N. Guinea (Dutch) Ton S a N. Hebrides Torres st - Ni Ue Trading, Planting.

Norfolk Is. Business Firms O’Keefe—Film and Trusteeship CcL Family Western Pac. High Organisations Commission A AGRICULTURE (See also under In dividual Territories). —Rice, 1-15, 1-60, 4-24, 6- 7-119, 10-18; Peanuts. 1-15, 2-79, 5- 83; Coconut Planting, 1-39, 6-45; Rubber. 1- 4-15, 7-29; Coffee. 2-79, 7-110; Cocoa, 2-98, 2-131, 3-42, 3-63, 4-57, 5-54; Kenaf, 3-50, 5-47, 6-47, 9-86, 11-102; Bananas. 3-135, 4-78, 7-21, 8-59, 10-43; Sugar, 5-20, 12-27; Passionfruit, 7-39, 10- 79; Tea, 8-89.

Asia And Asiatic Affairs.—Japan,

2- Peping Peace Conference, 3-46; Indonesia, 6-103, 11-20.

AVIATION.—Air Tahiti, 1-32. 3-98, 9-43, 10- Finintegu Incident. 1-33; NZNAC, 1-84, 3-32, 3-75; RAAF Airfields Unit. 1- 95; Airfreighting Chickens, 1-101; T.E.A.L., 1- 2-59, 2-83, 2-96, 3-32, 4-29, 6-46, 7- BCPA, 2-59; Dover Planes Grounded, 2- KLM, 3-59; South-Pacific Airlines. 5- 10-111, 11-20, 12-27; Canadian Pacific Airlines, 5-25, 6-28; Qantas Cattle Air lift, 5-18; Brisbane Flying-boat Base, 7-97, 11- Madang Accident. 8-54; Qantas, 10- 12-17; Pan-American, 10-20; Forced Landing in Highlands, 10-28; Goilala Air Services. 10-109; SPATC, 10-133; T.0.A., 11- 25th Anniversary of Kingsford- Smith Flight, 11-15; Tongan Air Service, 11- 12-29.

B BOOK REVIEWS.—ShouId Fatherhood Begin at 40? (Brower), 1-99; Annual Dog Watch (Shiplovers’ Soc.), 1-99; The Structure of Gilbertese (Cowell), 1-100; Adam in Ochre (Simpson), 1-100; Trees of Western Pacific (Kraemer), 3-89; A Pattern of Islands (Grimble), 6-70, 9-17; Ralph Rashleigh (Tucker), 6-70; Come Away, Pearler (Simpson). 6-71; The Cannibals (Iremonger), 6-71; Young Traveller in the South Seas (Iremonger), 6- P-NG Legislative Cel. Souvenir, 6- 133; Pictorial Reference of NZ (Whites), 12c COOK ISLANDS. —Community Centre, 1- Fruit Industry, 1-41, 1-97, 2-87, 2- 2-117, 3-124, 5-67, 7-115, 11-57, 11-91; General, 1-87, 2-77, 6-79, 10-107, 10-133. 12-34; Puka Puka, 1-95; Mangaia, 2-17, 3- 7-137; Copra Stockpiling, 2-28, 5- 29; Aitutaki, 2-49; Pearl Shelling, 2-51;

Education. 2-85, 3-93, 12-61; Nassau, 2-90. 4-97; Suwarrow, 2-121, 4-50; Finances, 3- Palmerston Off the Air, 3-89; Time Adjustment, 3-107; Palmerston Rats, 4- 50; Aitutaki Airmail, 5-15; Agricultural Dept. Farm, 5-45; D. C. Brown Scholar ship, 5-66; C.I. Islands Council, 5-67, 9- 16; Rarotonga Tree Planting, 6-29; War Veterans. 6-57; Manihiki, 6-135; Copra Prices. 7-58; Hurricane Warnings, 7-63; Sailing at Rarotonga, 7-69; Broadcasts. 7-127; Islanders for Important Posts, 9-75, 11-55; Aitutaki Air Service Connection, 11-39; Govt. Charged With Failure, 12- 49.

COPRA (Including Oil, Whaling and Margarine, etc.), 1-17, 1-19, 2-108, 3-21, 4- 4-59. 5-16, 5-20, 5-31, 6-16, 6-19, 6-97, 7- 7-58, 7-109, 8-15, 9-15, 10-131, Il ls. 12-16, 12-93.

Coronation.—Generai. 5-86, 9-17; Ng,

8- 8-27, 10-17, 10-45, 11-11, 11-12, 12- 15, 12-17; Fiji, 8-20, 11-11, 12-17; BSI, 10-16, 11-12; Tonga, 11-12; Cook Is., 7-91, 10-16; Samoa, W.. 12-15.

D DEATHS. —Mrs. Julia Nordman, 1-113; Brother Alexis, 1-113; Leslie Davidson, 1-113; Ephraim Hathaway, 1-113; E.

Framacin, 1-113; Mrs. Tuhlrani Snow 1- Mrs. G. Crummer, 1-115; Mrs. E.

Fenner, 1-115; E. D. Francis, 1-115; Charles Bailey, Jnr., 2-75; G. L. Perks, 2- C. A. W. Bailey, 2-133; Ronnie Mitride. 2-133; Daryl Martin, 2-133; T.

A. Fox, 2-133; Mrs. P. Gordon, 2-134; Dr. M. L. McCauley, 2-134; Barbara Ewins, 2-135; W. E. Robinson, 2-135; Mrs.

R. K. Caldwell, 2-135; F. Krone, 2-135; Edwin Berry, 2-135; Fr. Jules Dubuy, 2- Capt. A. T. Norton, 2-135; A. E,.

Evenett, 3-20; W. A. Mossman, 3-105; Louis Landre, 3-105; Capt. G. H. George, 3- Mrs. Alex Bentley, 3-106; Major G. R. Warren, 3-106; A. Henderson, 3- 106; Teriieroo Teruerooiterai, 3-107; Mrs.

M. Rooke, 3-107; Mrs. A. J. Bretag, 4- 133; F. L. T. Corbett. 4-133; A. D.

Olsen, 4-133; W. J. Candler, 4-133; Mrs.

Mabel Morrison, 4-133; L. R. Dowling. 5- P. W. Kruse, 5-129; W. W. Apted, 5- Mrs. C. H. Blanche, 5-129; Andre Naturel, 5-129; J. King, 5-129; J. A.

Muir, 5-129; F. Staughnton, 5-131; N.

Kelley. 5-130; W. C. Fisher, 5-130; Fr.

Roduit, 6-120; Arthur Head, 6-120; Mrs.

E. J. Mathews, 6-120; C. C. David, 6- 121; Mrs. Emma Walker, 6-121; Kelvin P, Hardy, 6-121; H. Irwin, 6-121; R. Main, 6- Harry Goodman, 6-123; R. G.

Speedie, 6-123; A. G. Cruickshank, 6-123; L. C. Grahame, 6-123; Capt. C. S. Larsen, 6- Ernest Evenett, 6-123; H. A.

Williams, 7-121; Madame Brunschwig, 7- 121; R. Farquhar, 7-121; Laurie Hender son, 7-121; Vernon Leunig, 7-121; Bishop Le Cadre, 7-121; Mrs. D. Campbell, 7-122; S. C. Falkenberg, 7-122; Edgar Leetag, 7- Dr. J. Mclnemey, 8-62; Mrs. A.

T. Davidson, 8-107; Ralph Hart, 8-107; Timothy Dennis Ryan, 8-107; Hon. Tofa Tomasi, 8-108; Sir Cecil Rodwell, 8-108; Robert L. Dick, 8-117; Joseph Bray, 8-117; Mrs. George, 8-117; Topu Isaia, 8-117; Tuaine Nicholas, 8-117; Mrs. Duncan Campbell, 8-117; Brother Francis Brah man, 9-28; Laurie Henderson, 9-74; F.

R. Ott, 9-132; Mrs. Eileen May, 9-132; High Chief Detudamo, 9-132; R. P.

Scholtz, 9-132; Sub-Lieut. Raymond Varney, 9-123; Mrs. C. Adams, 9-133; Robert Sutherland, 9-133; The Rev. F. R. Bishop, 9-133; Georges Poroi, 10-123; John George, 10-123; Mrs. Marie M. Halstead,

10- Sub-Inspector Tremaine, 10-123 Fred Sturt, 11-128; S. V. Mackenzie, 11 128; Charles J. Peterson, 11-128 Emmanuel Liais, 11-128; Mrs. Am Christian, 11-128; Mrs. J. F. Hutchesor 11- Archie Lyall, 11-128; Alexande S. Tetzner, 12-135; Mrs. E. Hart. 12-135 Edward Anderson, 12-135; A. W. James 12- William Tarr, 12-137; Mis Beatrice Grimshaw, 12-137; Parua Ariki c Atiu, 12-137; George Crummer, Snr., 12-131 T. F. Cody, 12-139; Sir Guy Pilling, 12 139; Emile Robert Stein, 12-139; Madam Pierre Herault, 12-139.

F FlJl.—Fijian Footballers, 1-14, 1-63 2- 3-87, 4-47, 9-29; Council of Chiefs 1-17, 2-41; Suva-Sydney Radio Phone, 1 52. 12-27; Indians, 1-53, 2-18, 3-79, 5-13 8-125, 11-43, 12-25; Rice, 1-60, 12-99 Lakalaka Sau, 1-61; Anti-TB Campaigr I- 4-95, 12-65; NZ Soccer Team, 1-81 3- 4-95; Levuka Earthquakes, 1-83 Suva Slums,- 1-85; Liquor Ordinance, 1-103 Central Medical School, 1-107, 6-91 Suva Anglican Cathedral, 1-117, 4-2 C 10-121; Sir Ronald Garvey, 2-17, 3-15 5-143; Population, 2-18, 6-37, 8-16, 12-48 Club Hotel, 2-19; Pineapple Cup, 2-23 Ellington Reef Passage. 2-45; Malayai Battalion. 2-51. 7-83, 9-47, 9-51, 9-131 10-94; Sugar, 2-82, 5-20, 12-27; Rotar; Club, 2-99; Sheep Farming, 2-111 Wharves. 3-49, 5-98, 6-18; Rural Loca Govt., 3-85, 7-113; Hotels. 3-87, 4-41, 4 53, 10-15, 12-55; Tourism, 3-125; Suvs Town Council, 4-20; Sir Ragnar Hyne a Chief Justice, 4-28, 8-26; Loans fo Settlers, 4-79; Broadcasting Commission 4- Nature, In and Out of Balance 5- Soil Erosion, 5-65, 11-79; Fij Cricketers, 5-94; Drought, 5-103; £■ Million Budget, 5-110; Retirement of R A. Derrick, 6-18; Batiki Grass fo Queensland, 6-20; Trade with UK, 6-31 Public Service, 6-99; Savu Savu Airstrip 6- Royal Visit, 7-11, 8-20, 8-63, 8-82 II- Visit of Efficiency Expert, 7-33 New Fijian Newspaper, 7-34; Suva Baths 7- 8-99, 12-67; New Museum, 7-115 Co-op. Societies, 7-116; Tree Destruction 7-129, 11-33; Cession Obelisk. 7-134; Re tirement of Dr. Austin, 8-28; Banam Industry, 8-51, 8-59; Short-wave Radio 3-58, 11-80; Fiji Land Policy, 8-114, 10 129; Laucala Bay Church, 8-130, 10-106 Button Making Industry, 9-18, 11-50 PWD Engineering Dept. Inquiry, 9-27 Tree Planting, 9-87; Morris Hedstron Scholarship Winner, 9-105; Nabua Settle ment, 9-123; AMP Samisoni Fotu, 10-131 Lautoka’s Town Council, 10-133; Big Qami Fish, 10-133, 11-61; Mining, 11-57; Nad Air-strip, 11-79; Visit of Aust. Rugbj Team, 11-79; Aerial Survey, 12-16; Lov Wages of Unskilled Workers, 12-19; Nc Unemployment, 12-35; New Masonic Lodge, 12-92; Coconut l2-97 Bulk Oil Installation, 12-l» G

Gilbert And Ellice Colony.—

Copra price, 1-17; Copra Tax, 3-43; Funa futi Met. Station, 12-54.

H HEALTH.—Malaria, 1-57, 5-16, 9-68; Leprosy, 4-61, 4-94, 5-91, 9-109; Tubercu losis, 7-98; Fighting Oisease in NZ Pacific TerritocrieP, 9-59

M

Harsh Alls, Marianas And Caro

Te Is.—3-62, 7-25, 11-20, 12-41.

MISSIONS.—L.M.S. 1-41; Methodist. r 7, 8-61, 9-106, 9-111; SDA. 2-62; iglican, 2-89, 9-83; Roman Catholic, 6-58, 30, 6-126, 7-58, 10-123, 11-32; Lemke agedy, 6-107.

N NAURU.—General, 2-14, 2-15, 3-128, til, 5-83, 6-129, 10-32, 11-65, 12-105; Location, 2-85.

New Caledonia.—Labour, 1-105,

123, 11-56; Political Struggle, 1-116, 7-17, ■ 15; Cost of Living, 3-18; War Effects, :,35; General, 4-21, 7-65, 12-112; Archae i>gy, 4-46; Annoyance at Criticism, 6-95; jumea Brewer y, 7-129; Loss by Fires -111.

New Guinea, Dutch.—2-49, 4-16,

t 9, 4-87, 5-43, 5-57, 5-111, 6.20, 6-35, i»l, 7-93, 8-17, 8-45, 8-54, 8-84, 9-115, •133, 11-109, 11-123, 12-45.

NEW HEBRlDES.—Smuggling, 1-87; Ibour, 1-97, 3-95, 3-102; Chinese. 3-132; iibal Brawls, 4-16, 6-90; Australian Ad inistration Suggested, 7-85; Crime, 7-124; •nkinese, 8-33; General, 9-39; Land, 53; War-Scrap, 9-59; Conditions of Life the N.H., 9-61.

Niue.—2-50, 2-89. 3-54, 3-70, 4-66, 4-82,

103, 5-83, 5-102, 7-129.

Norfolk Island.—I-97, 2-45, 3-90,

101, 5-18, 5-105, 6-50, 7-94, 8-46, 8-57, 101. 9-125, 11-17, 12-85, 12-133. o

O’Keefe—Film And Family.—I-79,

68, 4-15, 5-49, 6-68, 11-71.

Organisations And Associations.

New Guinea Women’s Club, 1-34, 4-19, 125, 11-28, 12-141; New Guinea Mem lal Scholarship Fund (Vic.), 1-131, 9-24; icific Islands Society, 4-33, 5-137, 6-125, 133, 8-16; Rabaul Chamber of Commerce, 110; Polynesian Association, 5-64, 12-125; elbourne NG Women’s Assn., 5-133; Bris me NG Women’s Assn., 6-79; Guadal mal Club, 6-125; NG Memorial Scholar dp Fund (Qld.), 7-45, 8-23; Port Moresby SSAILA, 7-95; New Britain Women’s [ub, 7-134; Aero Club of Papua, 10-35; -NG Public Service Assn., 12-107.

P

Pacific (General),—Anzus Pact,

13; Peabody Expedition, 1-80; Sterling— ollar Problem, 2-37; Correcting Pacific harts, 2-58; Whale Oil, 2-90; Colonial evelopment Corp., 2-93; Islanders in NZ, 101, 11-111; Introducing Pests on Ship’s ottoms, 2-110; War Scrap, 2-118; Wake ■• Typhoon, 3-20; Islands Section of Sidney Chamber of Commerce, 3-20; uastwatchers’ Memorial, 3-49; National eographic Ocean Expedition, 3-91; aciflc Ocean Yacht Races, 4-14; H-Bomb xploslon, 4-15; Death of Austin Strong ad RLS Memories, 4-16; Tidal Waves, -83; Uranium from Phosphate Rock, ■B3; Pan Pacific Jamboree. 4-127; Cook’s elescope, 5-42; Cattle Raising, 5-59; agged Swordfish, 5-62; Problem of Euro esian, 5-134; Hurricanes, 6-64; Summary f Events, 1952, 6-55; Japanese War Dead. -63; Phoenix Is. Rabbits, 6-83; Insti ation of Pacific Relations—Rockefeller (rants, 6-94; Use for Pacific Turtles. -98; Gilbertese in Phoenix Is., 6-108; cripps Oceanographic Institute Research -51, 12-71; Cooks Medal, 7-54; NZ Maoris lay adopt Polynesian Children, 9-83; leat Packing in Taper Tins, 10-127tounty Relics, 11-99; Trade with Aust c NZ, 12-23; Co-operative Movements. 2-57; Federation in West Indies, 12-84.

Papua And New Guinea.—Land

olicy, etc. 1-14, 1-15, 1-43. 2-15, 5-15, 1-33, 11-39; Rice, 1-15, 3-47, 4-25 (High

Cost of), 6-47; Peanuts. 1-15, 2-79, 9-77; Rabaul Copra Mill. 1-18. 7-109, 8-129; Legislative Council, 1-20, 2-108, 4-107, 10- 14 11-15, 12-30; Oil Search, 1-20, 2-103, 4-15, 5- 6-28, 7-55, 7-134, 8-15, 10-15, 10-114, 11- Daryl Martin, 1-25, 2-123; Visiting Politicians, 1-33, 6-100, 9-9; Col. J. K.

Murray, 1-25, 3-29; Chinese Communists, 1-59, 4-16, 7-134, 11-110; War Salvage, 1- 10-102; History, 1-66, 5-76, 8-91; Cattle Raising, 1-77, 3-55, 4-65, 5-18, 6-47, 8-45, 12-37; Rubber. 1-109. 3-17. 4-15, 5-28. 7- 10-15, 10-83; Education, 1-120, 4-135. 8- 8-19; Defence, 2-13, 2-15, 5-23. 6-108, 8- 8-129; Murray Memorial Fund, 1-17, 3- Aerial Survey, 2-25; Timber Indus try, 2-27, 3-62, 8-19, 10-29, 11-18; Moresby Brewery, 2-29, 4-17, 4-50, 8-105; Passion fruit, 2-43, 7-39, 9-76, 10-79; Coffee, 2-79, 7- Mining, 2-91, 3-15, 4-137, 5-30, 5- 115, 6-125, 7-17, 8-102, 10-38; Rebuilding Rabaul, 2-97, 3-109 , 4-63; War Cemeteries, 2- 9-87; Girl Spanking Case, 2-107; Village Councils, 2-109, 11-16; Cocoa. 2- 131, 6-99, 7-83, 10-105; Matthews Memor ial. 2-135; R. E. P. Dwyer, 3-15; Brigadier D. M. Cleland, 3-17, 8-24; Kenaf. 3-50, 6- 6-63. 8-32, 9-86. 10-110, 11-102, 12- 32; Rabaul. Escape Routes, 3-50, 6-93; Scouting, 3-74, 11-28: Wau High School. 3- 4-16; Co-operative Societies. 3-112, 12- Wau Aerodrome, 3-127; Zanzibar Wasps. 3-131, 6-97; UN Trusteeship. 4-14; Jap Compensation to Widows, 4-18; Mt.

Lamington, 4-55; Aluminium Project, 4-87, 9- Dept, of Agri. Stations, 4-91; Trout, 4- 4-119; Play Centres and Kinder garten, 4-118; Papuans at MRA Talks, 4- 7-132, 8-87; Copra Stabilislation Fund, 5-17, 8-15; Bougainville Co. Case, 5- 7-27; Mr. & Mrs. H. O. Eekhoff, 5-12; Customs Union With Australia. 5-21; Exploring Caves, 5-29; Plywood, 5- 11-137; Soldier-Settlement, 5-99, 8- 11-38; Advisory Councils, 5-103, 7- 7-135, 7-139, 9-79; Native Seamen Assault Cases, 5-138, 7-42, 8-123; Native Labour, 6-14, 6-29, 6-85, 8-39, 8-48, 11- 82, 11-92; Australian Appointments to P-NG P.S., 6-15; Superintendent Steeples Case. 6-17, 7-27; Pall of Rabaul Anniversary, 6-17; Rabaul Earthquakes, 6- 10-20; 11-95; Woman’s 3-day Drift Off Samarai, 6-27; Creighton Appeal, 6-33, 8-75; Desiccated Coconut, 6-50; Stevedoring, 6-63, 11-101; Port Romilly Shooting Affray, 6-79; Rural Credits Development Fund, 6-87; Island Amuse ments, Ltd., 6-89; Umboi Is. Tremors, 6-93; Crocodile Shooting, 6-94; Helping Korea Veterans, 6-98; Moresby Air Terminal Buildings, 6-99; Corlett Abduction Case, 6-101; Native War Damage Compensation, 6- Development Plans. 7-9, 7-21; Forged Placer Dev. Scrip, 7-11; High lands Geographical Survey, 7-12; Moresby Electricity, 7-24; School of Pacific Ad ministration, 7-28; Public Works by Contact, 7-31; Trouble at Mendi, 7-35; NG Scholarships, 7-38; New Wharves, 7- 8-89, 11-51; Roads, 7-57, 9-151, 10- 63, 10-96, 10-118, 11-89; Warla Syndicate Claim, 7-61, 10-17; New Patrol Posts, 7-74; New Chimbu Airstrip, 7-74; Native Medical Practitioners, 7-113; Bock Charged Fraud, 7-122; Markham Point Bridge, 7- Cutch Industry, 7-128, 8-88; Native Apprenticeship System, 7-137; ANZ Bank. 8- Housing, 8-42, 11-18; Copra and Rubber Grading, 8-50; Tea Growing, 8-89, 12-21; Works Programme, 8-90; Native Offences Against European Women, 8-112, 9- Hospitals, 8-113, 11-97; Jap. Fishing Vessel Case, 9-15, 9-125, 10-34; Coast- Watchers Memorial, 9-17, 10-93; Daru Lobster Tails, 9-19, 12-29; Bougainville. 9-32; Generous Donation to UN Children’s Appeal, 9-43; Native Policemen on Murder Charge, 9-48; Archbold Expedition, 9-58; Origin of Native Tobacco, 9-65; Land and Resources Survey, 9-77, 12-35; Cane furniture Manufacture, 9-77; Town planning, 9-79; Sarawaged Range Patrol.

9-109; Wet Season Storms, 9-110; 0-111; Nondugl Trust, 10-41; NO Students at CMS, Suva, 10-103; Public Service Com missioner. 10-115; One Less Public Holi day, 10-116; Sapphire Creek Hotel. 10-116.

Cadet Patrol Officers, 10-125; Antiquities Bill, 10-128; POW’s Dinner, 10-132; Record Cold Spell, Moresby, 11-13; Raluana Affair, 11-16, 12-15; Sale of Liquor to Natives, 11-41; Permits-to-Enter, 11-45; Long Is. Eruption, 11-53; Rabaul’s Toads & Snails, 11-59; Export Duties, 11-62; 5-Day Week, 11-129; National Geographic Record of 8.0. P., 11-136; Gold Bricks Found at Bulolo, 12-15; Visit of Dutch Agricultural Experts, 12-16; Eruption South of Manus, 12-20; Public Relations Officer, 12-20; Windmills for Rabaul Water Supply, 12-21; CSIRO at Oro Bay, 12-23; Gulf Division. 12-72; Highlands. 12-75; Native Conchologists, 12-98; YMCA, 12-109; Historical Society Proposed for Moresby, 12-131.

Pearling And Shell Fishing.—6-

53, 6-131, 7-139, 10-47, 11-132.

PERSONALITIES (Not Listed Else where). —Dr. Koch, 1-89; Dr. E. E.

Jacomb, 3-51; W. J. Blackie, 5-87; Wing- Commander John Bray, 6-18; Sir John Nicoll, 6-19; Sir J. H. Luxford, 6-35; Sir Frederick Doidge, 6-35; Thor Gundersen, 7- Thor Heyerdahl, 7-91; 10-82; Peter Yeomans, 8-20; E. A. James, 8-19; D. A Dunstan, 8-20; Edgar Leetag, 8-55; Georges M. de Oironcourt, 8-62; Capt. Hugh Frewen, 9-35; Colman Wall, 9-66; Dick Brown, 9-71; Sister Othilde, 9-73; Sir Alport Barker, 10-95; Bill Simpson, 10- 127; Eddie Lund. 11-131.

Pitcairn Is.—4-87, 4-97, 4-99, 5-67,

8- 11-47.

R

Rhinoceros Beetle.—General. 11-

133, 12-31; Tonga, 3-61; NG, 3-131, 4-19, 6-97, 11-14; 881, 5-55; Fiji, 8-14, 8-106, 9- 10-19, 11-14, 12-46; New Hebrides, 12-31; Tahiti, 12-31.

S

Stacvip Collecting And New

T 1-97, 2-45. 2-87, 4-78. 6-102, 8-23, 8-46. 8-127, 9-31, 12-108, 12-127.

SAMOA, EASTERN.—Governor J. C.

Elliott, 1-41; Unemployment, 2-63; Gover nor James Arthur Ewing. 5-88; Gaol for Chief, 7-17; Governor Judd, 10-35, 12-100 SAMOA, WESTERN.—Shortage Local Food, 1-93; Liquor Control, 2-57, 10-31, 12-62; Electricity Supply, 2-89; Trade, 2- 3-110, 4-87, 5-94, 9-43, 10-125, 12-64, Cocoa, 2-98, 3-110, 4-109; Legislative As sembly, 2-114; Slone, Tokelau Castaway. 3- 7-47; Broadcasting, 4-66; Executive Council, 4-87, 9-131; Tourism, 5-46, 9-125, 12-55; Drought in Tokelaus, 6-135; Anglican church, 7-133; Dollar Allocations. 8- Design for Self-Government, 9-16, Visit of UN Mission, 11-17; Population 12-63; Visit of Queen to NZ 12-65.

Ships And Shipping.—Matoma, 1-20,

Muliama, 1-20; Thorlsle, 1-26. 2-42; Ai Sokula, 1-26, 3-90, 8-77; Messageries Maritlmes, 1-31, 1-56, 10-109; Maul Pomare, 1-80. 5-87, 9-89; Rawhlti, 1-15, Matson Line, 1-117; Scot, 1-123, 2-131, 3- Southern Cross, 1-124, 5-88, 5-118, 7-103, 8-79; Idle Hour (Don Quljote), 1- 125; Goodwill, 1-125, 1-129; Te Rapunga. 1- 7-107, 10-93; Philante 11. 1-126, 2-127, 4- 7-107, 8-77, 10-87; Wan Yul, 1-126, 9- Chiquita, 1-127, 3-117, 4-126, 5-126; Nolan Fleet, 1-127; Te Aroa, 1-127, 2-125. 4-125; Foz do Douro, 1-129; Tofua, 2-19, 4-54; Matua, 2-10, 4-54, 5-81; Vega, 2-125, 7-101; Mini, 2-125, 3-117, 4-126, 8-81; Santa Teretia, 2-126, 3-118; Air Wave, 2- Isa Lei, 2-127, 3-113, 5-119; Tiare Taporo, 2-129, 9-89; Wakaya, 2-130, 3-117, 4-127, 5-126, 6-117, 8-81, 9-97, 10-93; Lady

Stirling, 2-130, 3-117; Fitheach Ban, 2-130, 3- Kimbala, 2-130; 5-123, 7-106; Altair, 2-130; 12-113; Inspire, 2-130, 3-115, 7-109; Stortebecker 111, 2-131, 3-115, 4-125, 7-105, 9-98; Manu Moana, 2-131, 4-127, 5-125; Aorangi and Trans-Pacific Service 5-23, 5-15, 7-23, 9-123, 10-15, 11-133; Awahou, 3-37, 5-85, 10-88; Charlotte Donald, 3-113, 9-89; Recorder, 3-114; See ward, 3-114; Oiseau des Isles, 3-115, 4-123; Viator, 3-115, 9-98; Arthur Rogers, 3-115, 4- 7-109, 8-81, 9-95, 10-91, 11-121, 12-121; Wanderer 11, 3-115, 4-127, 5-119, 7-106, 8-81; Pleiades, 3-117, 6-117; Anna Elizabeth, 3-117; Tropic Seas, 3-118, 4-127, 7-108, 9-95, 9-98; New Guinea-Australia Line, 4-18, 10-83; Morinda, 4-19, 8-99; Temptress, 4-121, 5-127; Estrella del Mar, 4-121; Break of Day, 4-122, 4-125; Aoniu, 4-123, 5-119, 6-113; Koro, 4-123; Hygeia, 4-125; White Wings, 4-125; Laurabada, 4- Ngataki, 4-125; Forerunner, 4-127; White Heron, 4-127. 5-122, 7-107, 8-77; Pollurian, 5-18, 7-27, 8-17, 11-135; BP Shipping Services Extended, 5-31; Cheng Ho, 5-72, 9-127, 10-115; Tahitien, 5-83; Pacific Cruises, 5-107; Caledonien, 5-109; Vila Star, 5-118, 6-17, 6-113, 9-90, 12-113; Maureen, 5-118; Fatima, 5-121; Loma, 5- 7-103; Onrust, 5-122, 6-117; Debonaire, 5-122; Axelle, 5-123; Stornaway, 5-123, 10-91; Coongoola, 5-123; Mandalay, 5- Kurrewa 111, 5-125; Windsong, 5-125; L’Hirondelle, 5-125, 10-91; Wreck of Kelvlnbank, 6-18, 7-130; Indo-China Steam Navigation Co. (Australia-China Line), 6- BSI Navigation Beacon, 6-29; Calais, 6-43; Pamir, 6-113; Ada, 6-113, 9-124, 10-89, 12-114; Tully Falls, 6-114; Francis, 6-115; Calypso, 6-117, 7-108, 9-95, 10-90; Lahara, 6-117, 7-108, 8-78; New Silver Gull, 6- Novia, 6-118; 9-95, 11-119; Peer Gynt, 6-118, 8-79; Mangola, 7-11, 8-47; Kone, 7-56; Loss of Carnegie, 7-59; Wairuna, 7-78; Rosita, 7-101, 8-79; New Golden Hind, 7-101, 8-77, 10-85; Melanesia, 7-102, 11-114; Ruahatu, 7-102; Myrtle, 7-102; Porionuu, 7-102; City of New York, 7-102; Tagua, 7-105; Sin Miedo, 7-106, 9-95, 10-106; Wanderer 111, 7- 9-95, 10-91, 10-105; Scaldis, 7-108; Maid of Alphin, 7-108; Susan, 7-109; Argosy, 7-109; Varua, 7-109; Pyrenees, 8- Kiakia, 8-79; Corsair, 8-81, 10-93; Leda, 8-81, 9-99, 10-93, 11-119, 18-119; Taurangi, 8-81, 10-93, 12-119; Aloha, 8-81, 10- White Squall. 8-81, 10-93, 11-122, 12-119; Ghost, 8-81, 9-95, 10-91, 11-122; Bounty, 8-81, 9-95, 11-119; Nellie Brush, 8- 9-99; Malekula, 8-101; The First Malaita, 9-67; Original Malekula, 9-67; Hifofua, 9-89, 10-87; Hiro, 9-89; Benecia, 9- Holmburn, 9-90, 10-85; President Coolldge, 9-91; Kon Tiki, 9-91; John R.

Manning, 9-91; Wallack, 9-93; La Moqueuse, 9-93; Kaumoana, 9-94; Golden Bear, 9-94; Wynvale, 9-95, 11-117; Waltzing Matilda, 9-97; Moonraker, 9-97, 11-119; Tern 11, 9-97; California, 9-97; Ho Ho 11, 9- 11-121; Gemini, 9-98, 10-90, 10-105, 11- Wanderer, 9-99; Blue Water, 9-99, 10- 12-119; Purple Sea, 9-99; Tere, 9-99; Honolulu-Papeete Yacht Race, 9-99, 12- 121; Maria del Mar, 10-27, 11-116; Alsirat, 10-33; Artemise (See New Golden Hind), 10-85; Oroheno, 10-87; Te Matapula, 10-88, 10- Ramona, 10-91, 10-105, 11-119; Sundance, 10-93, 11-119; Flamingo, 10-93, 11- Leonora, 10-93; Moana, 10-99; Kaumoana, 10-93; Viking, 10-105, 11-121, 12- El Petal, 10-105, 11-113; Naruta, 11-35; Kurimarau, 11-113; Tui Cacou, 11-114, 12-113; San Michele, 11-115, 12-114; Suva Radio for Small Ships, 11-115; Avie Hore, 11-116; Capt. Webster, 11-116; El Ritiro, 11-116, 12-116; Rannah, 11-116 Yaleiva, 11-117; Dove, 11-118; Vega, 11- 118, 11-121; Sobrina, 11-119; La Corrigan 11-119; Skyline, 11-119, 12-119; Mariner 11-121; Les 4 Vents, 11-122; Beyond 11-122, 12-121; Jeanne d’Arc, 11-137; Kovala, 12-38; Jap Navy, 12-47; John

Williams, 12-88; Vunawai, 12-113; Neo Hebridais 11, 12-114; Maoao, 12-115; Moana, 12-117; Awala, 12-118; Erica 12- 118; Aires, 12-121.

SOLOMON ISLANDS.—CattIe Raising 1- 88, 2-43; Taji Power Challenged, 2-21, 4- 18, 7-13, 10-18; Tikopia, 2-56, 7-58, 9-47; Public Hospitals, 2-59; Pelicans, 2-78; Air fields, 3-39; Cocoa, 3-43; Gale Damage to Shipping, 4-27; Broadcasting Station, 4-57; Electricity Supply, 4-65; Chinese School, 4-80; High Commissioner Stanley, 4-129, 10-39; Copra Board, 4-141, 8-37- Establishment of WPHC HQ, 5-82, 6-19, 7- Volcanic Activity, 5-99, 6-107, 7-123, 0-102, 11-187; Bomb Disposal, 7-55, 10-128; “Tony” Olsen, 7-79; British or Australian Administration?, 7-85; Cyclone Damage, 8- Future Prospects, 8-19, 9-13; Stirling Is. Airstrip, 8-20; Higher Postage, 8-132; Riot on Vanikoro, 8-133; Cost of Living, Vanikoro, 9-45; Taralala, 9-119; Trade Scheme, 9-127; Tulagi Wharf Destroyed, 10-21, 11-51; Visit of G. & E. Officials, 10- 11-61; Native Mental Telepathy, 11- Honiara, 11-68.

South Pacific Commission.—I-77

3- 3-88, 3-124, 4-138, 5-63, 5-113, 6-34, 6-35, 6-124, 8-18, 11-20; South Pacific Con ference, 7-13, 8-17, 9-107, 10-13, 10-53.

T

Tahiti And French Oceania.—

General, 2-28, 3-85. 4-115, 6-66, 8-103; British Consulate, 2-54, 5-131; History, 2-81; Hotels, 2-91; Governor Petitbon, 4- Makatea, 4-58; Quinine, 7-53; Darling —Nature Man, 7-68; Politics, 7-91, 8-15, 9- 10-101, 11-16, 12-30; Storm, 7-114; Cattle Dipping, 8-17; Mayoral Election, 10- Leetag Fortune, 10-78; Cattle Raising, 10-98; Clean-up of Papeete, 11-81; Hail-storm, 11-87; Brewery, 12-33; Re naming Streets, 12-104.

TONGA.—Homebrew, 1-26; Prince Tugi, 2-17; Queen Salote, 3-21, 5-27, 8-15, 12-19; Currency, 3-21; Civil List, 3-34; Rhinoceros Beetle, 3-61; Falcon Is., 5-53; Peanuts, 5- New Radio Stations, 5-87; Royal Visit, 7-11; Gold Find at Eua, 7-109; General, 8-111, 12-88; £50,000 Bequest, 9-85; Thefts, 11-18.

Torres Strait Is.—2-39, 7-94.

Trading, Planting And Business

FlRMS.—Mackay Kerry, 1-112; Queensland Insurance Co., 3-35; Steamship Trading Co., 4-19; A. H. Bunting, Ltd., 7-83; Koitaki Para Rubber Estates, Ltd., 8-17; Burns Philp (S.S.) Co., 10-132; Morris Hedstrom, Ltd., 12-20.

Trusteeship Council.- 4-14, 8-55,

11- 12-39. w

Western Pacific High Com

Mission.—I-29, 2-122, 5-82, 6-19, 7-78,

7-99; Mr. R. C. S. Stanley, 3-26.

Former Norfolk Island residents of Sydney, in April, formed the Norfolk Island Club, and held their Anniversary Reunion Social on the evening of June 13. Persons wish ing to become members should communicate with Mr. H. R. Le Clerc, the organiser and secretary, whose address is 152 Lagoon Street.

Narrabeen, Sydney. Mr. Frank

Christian is president. Many old NT residents are, of course, related to the Pitcairn Islanders.

—and Heart Burnings

From Our Own Correspondent CRITICISM was being voiced many quarters in Fiji duri] June following publication the names of 133 persons award' the Queen’s Coronation Medal.

Many who had worked exceptio: ally hard in connection with t] Coronation celebrations were n included. Government Department heads who, it was said, had hi little or nothing to do with t] work involved, were mentioned.

Some considered that the mai who had devoted considerable tin and energy to Red Cross and oth voluntary work after the 1952 hu ricane might also have be< included. About 100 of the awan were made to civil servants.

The Public Relations Office, reply to some newspaper corre pendents, said that the medal wi primarily a service medal, and ‘ personal souvenir from Her Majes to persons in the Crown Servio and others in the United Kingdo and other parts of the Commoi wealth and Empire.”

Coronation Celebrated in Papeete

MANY business houses in Papeei were gaily decorated on tl Coronation Day of Quee Elizabeth 11.

An elaborate reception was he] at the British Consulate by Consi F. Devenish, His Excellency Govei nor Petitbon, representatives of th French Navy and Army, goverr ment departmental heads and lead ing citizens attending. The part 1 in typical Tahitian style, laste throughout the night.

IF Mr. George Hanson, formerl well known in New Guinea as on of the owners of Samo plantatior in Namatanai, New Ireland, an now a resident of the Gosford dis trict, NSW, has undergone a delicat operation to one eye, in St. Vincent’

Hospital, Sydney. He has spen some weeks in complete darknesj but the specialists appear confiden of success.

IF Major Ratu Edward Cakobar MC, who took over command o the First Battalion, Fiji Infantr Regiment in Malaya on June U has been promoted to Lieutenan Colonel. Second-in-command ii Major H. J. G. Low, MC, Lieutenan Col. R. A, Tinker, whom Lieutenant Col. Cakobau succeeds, is spend ing a short time in Fiji before re turning to his new appointmem in New Zealand.

IF Mr. Sultan Ali, headmaster of ar Indian high school in Ba, Fiji, was the preacher in a Methodist Church in Queanbeyan, NSW, in June. The local newspaper described him as a “gifted speaker.”