Pacific Islands Monthly - 1 May 1952

Recent Buka Case:

Letter to the Editor

THE latter part of an article in February PIM, about prosecu tions of a native, Siarua, employed by Mr. Archer, of Tame Plantation, calls for some comment.

The District Services are working under bad conditions, shortstaffed and with a heavy paper war thrown in their lap, and we could be more tolerant than quite a lot of us are.

In this case, had positions been reversed and Siarua belonged to some other plantation, and it became known to Mr. Archer that he spread false information regarding this alleged murder, and no action had been taken by District Services, Mr.

Archer would have been the first to castigate the officials for not doing their duty. Siarua was charged under a wrong section of the Act and had this mistake not been made by the officials he would certainly have been found guilty. District Services did their duty in investigating on infor mation supplied; had they ignored it, further trouble might have eventu ated. 1 take a dim view of the naming in your paper of the official con cerned, as this officer cannot defend himself in the newspapers. Your paper is read by many natives, and such reporting tends to lessen very considerably the authority of the

District Services—something . which

cannot be afforded in these times of “sophisticated” natives.

I am, etc.,

G. Mackenzie.

Tulaen Plantation.

Buka. 7/4/52.

New Tax Plan For

Ocean Is.

UNDER agreement made with the Administration of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands the British Phosphate Commission on Ocean Island, and all employees thereof, have been re lieved of the obligation to pay cus toms duties on imported articles, and certain other fees and taxes.

In return, the BPC pays to the Administration a sum of £40,000 Aus. per annum, and in addition a royalty of 6/- Aus. per ton on all phosphate rock exported from Ocean Island. . • The Commonwealth Director of Civil Aviation, Air Commodore Cobby, paid a Short visit to Norfolk Island in May. f

Mv Lolowai Ashore

From Our ■ Own qQrlfespondent

Santo, May 8.

THE Burns Philip inter-island motor-vessel Lolowai —formerly the well-known Stella Maris , owned and operated by the Roman Catholic Missions in New Guinea—ran ashore on Ambryn Island last week; and advices received to-day show she is in danger of becoming a total loss.

Other small vessels stood by and, with tides becoming higher, she should have been towed off easily enough; but a southwest gale came up, and drove her further on the beach, broadside on and listing sea wards, and her crew were forced to leave her on the evening of the 6th.

The wind dropped on May 7, when preparations were made to unload cargo rapidly and remove heavy machinery, in the hope of towing the ship off. She is holed, and has taken in much sand; and

sand-pumps are being hurriedly des patched. But bad weather is threatened.

She was recently refitted, in Sydney, and, refrigeration phambers added.

Mr, F. A. . Harper, Assistant In spector, has been visiting the branches of the Bank of New South Wales in Port Moresby, Lae and Rabaul, this month..

Lolowai at Cairns when she was still called “Stella Maris”

Do You Remember?

According to our issue for that

month. May, 1932 was a pretty

dull month. There was not even a

funny story to break the grey

monotony of planters, Administrators

and traders sitting dolorously wring

ing their hands at the gloomy eco

nomic picture. Neither did New

Guinea’s flourishing gold-mining in

dustry seem to make anyone happy.

It was just woe, woe, woe ...

Western Samoa had had about six years of what were called the “Mau troubles.” It was 2Vz years since the bloody clash between the Mau and Government which had resulted in the death of High Chief Tamasese and a dozen others. Someone writing in May ‘32 said, “Some officials have suggested that the Mau is dead. Not so. To-day it is passive, obstinate, useless—but 95 per cent, are still Mau and I suppose they will go on with it . . . No one in Samoa takes any real interest in native affairs or welfare, except to collect revenue or mete out the law.”

Those malaria cures! We reported with gusto: “Quinine for prevention is now replaced by a hew • synthetic compound called Plasmoquine which is of Contin ental origin . . . fqr preventive purposes, quinine should be discarded in its favour. If plasmoquine does all that is claimed for it, an attack of malaria may well be regardejd in the future as the result of carelessness.” ... • * ■; “■The Lieut.-Governor • of Papua. Sir Hubert Murray is op 10 months leave and will probably proceed to TLondon. It is thought, in semi-official quarters, that as he has now' celebrated his 70th birthdqy he is probably giving thought to retire ment at’ the end 6’f ; this leave period.”

(Sir Hubert was evidently of different opinion. He did not retire then but died, still in harness, in Samaraij in 1940).

A Fiji planter reader wrote: “Indian labour for the Solomons need not be viewed with apprehension. Fiji can be quoted, as a good: example of where the experiment of introduced Indian labour has been a success.

“While a good number now occupy a considerable area of crown land, others are storekeepers, engineers, motor car drivers. Think of all the extra revenue they represent in taxes, land rent, cus toms dues, to say nothing of income tax and residential tax of £1 per head!” * * * The first shipment of gold from Bulolo* Gold Dredging Ltd’s New Guinea property had arrived in Sydney. It amounted to 640 ozs. * ❖ The copra market, we reported, was lifeless and dull. London price w r as about £14/10/- per ton—a fall of £3 since the previous February. And the London price of rubber was three and seven-eighths pence a pound for the best para and less than 2d for plantation smoked. (In May 1952 there is something near to calamity in Malaya where the • price has fallen ■ to about 3/7 Vz per pound). ❖ ❖ * However, if Island. produce prices were' low, planters could comfort themselves i that Other prices corresponded. If they could scrape together the boat fare to Sycfney they could live for about 15/- per day.'v&ne of Sydney’s leading pubs adver tised itJia-t rooms with running H. &• C.i telephone and reading light were 7/- per night; breakfast 3/-, luncheon . 2/- and.. dihheV B/-: What' was more, a uniformed jjnet all boats. ' Those were -the ■ days before Liquor Inquiries and wheij the customer was sometimes right.

Advertisements & other items, p. 20 (1 item)

18

may, r -FAC i f't c 1 islands monthly'

New Guinea

p. 21

Wool Spinning In

Sequel to Introduction of

Sheep . .

WHEN Miss W. M. Archer, Handcraft Officer of the P-NG Department of Education, on May 5, distributed a “Wool Workers Circular” to a number of com munities in the Highlands of New Guinea, an interesting new stage was reached in the introduction of sheep to that recently discovered area.

The NG Highlands were dis covered by the Leahy Brothers and some Administration officials only 20 years ago. They are cool, fer tile uplands—a vast system of pleasant river valleys—and are in habited by a considerable popula tion of primitive people.

As yet, they are unroaded and undeveloped. Only planes can get in over the rim of mountains. A few Europeans have settled in se lected places.

Some three or four years ago, Mr. E. J. Hallstrom, a wealthy Sydney philanthropist, decided to introduce sheep to this region. He was cordially supported by Admin istrator Murray. Sheep are living, breeding and wool-producing quite satisfactorily now at Nondugl, in the centre of the Highlands. Some of the white settlers also are ex perimenting with sheep.

It is part of the plan that the natives shall be taught to weave the wool, for their own use. In this, the planners have had the co operation of the Europeans, and of the Education Department. Miss Archer recently, has been all over the Highlands, introducing the idea of spinning plus simple spinning wheels and technique, to the settlers, missionaries, District officers and village headmen. Despite the primitive character of the people, and the absence of even Pidgin as a means of communication, she seems to have had a good deal of success and encouragement. She hopes that spinning of clothing, blankets, etc., from Highlands wool, will spread from the High lands all over P-NG.

An instruction organisation, with some equipment, has been set up in the following 12 centres in the Highlands:

Agricultural Stations: Nondugl,

Baiyer River, Goroka.

Government Stations: Mt. Hagen.

MISSIONS: Kabioufa and Bena Bena (Seventh Day Adventist).

HOSPITALS: Baiyer River (Baptist Mission); Goroka (Dept. of Public Health).

LEPER HOSPITALS: Goroka (40) Dept, of Public Health; Togaba (200) Seventh Day Adventist.

Private Enterprise: Kuta—Mr.

Danny Leahy.

The following persons have assisted the plan in the Highlands: Mr. & Mrs. Ned Blood, Nondugl.

Mr. BUI McGregor, Livestock Station, Baiyer River.

Mr. Danny Leahy, Kuta, Mt. Hagen.

Mr. & Mrs. Cole, Government Station, Mt. Hagen.

Mr. & Mrs. Thrift, S.D.A. Mission, Kabioufa.

Mr. & Mrs. Howell, S.D.A. Mission, Bena Bena.

Mr. & Mrs. Bell, Goroka.

Mr. & Mrs. Gow, Public Health Dept., Goroka.

Miss Baines, European School, Goroka.

Mr. J. Leahy, Goroka.

Mr. & Mrs. B. Gibbes, Goroka.

Mr. & Mrs. Schindler, Aiyura, via Kainantu.

Increased South Pacific

Air Services

To provide for tourist traffic dur ing the winter months, TEAL have announced that the present weekly service between Auckland and Suva will be increased to three flights

fortnightly from May 26.

TEAL, expressing satisfaction with

passenger traffic offering on the new Coral Route (to Tahiti) also has announced that, as from the above

date, flights through from Suva via

Aitutaki to Papeete will be made

fortnightly, doubling the present

schedule.

As yet no date can be set for including Apia in the Coral Route service, where works remain to be done on the alighting area.

Origin Of Fiji Copra

p. 21

WRITING from Taveuni, Mr. W.

G. Mac Kay challenges a state ment made on behalf of the Fiji Development Fund and published in February PIM that native Fijians produce nearly two-thirds of the Colony’s copra—3o,ooo tons p.a., worth about £1,500,000.

Mr. Mac Kay says that only 15,000 out of the Colony’s annual 35,000 tons come from the native Fijians— the remainder is the product of Europeans, Euronesians, Indians and Chinese. He thinks the error has been made because some officials are inclined to describe all copra which comes in through the smaller trading stores as native copra, when much of it has a different origin.

Mr. Mac Kay has shown us an in teresting analysis of Fiji copra pro duction, including an estimate of pro duction on every non-Fijian planta tion. According to this, the following are the biggest annual producers (over 300 tons) in Fiji: Kanacea, Mango, Vunelagi, Sele Levu, R.

Tarte, Valen Tarte, Ura, Morris Hedstrom, Mua and Nareka, Nagau sau and Nacaulai, Mitchell’s Gamia, Laucala, St. Hilliers, Vuna Vasa, Kwong Tiy Co. Peterson Estate, Son gola, D. Simpson, Cicia, Naitaba.

The biggest individual producers appear to be Sele Levu, and the Messrs. Tarte.

Mr. Y. Hoyshang, a director of Kwong Tiy & Co. Ltd., of Suva arrived in Australia in April, by P.A.A. clipper, on six months’ leave.

In his absence Mr. Y. S. Hing will replace him.

A group of well-known Indian businessmen in Fiji, photographed recently at the residence of Mr. and Mrs. S. Pratap. The gathering was in honour of Mr. A. Sub baith Subbaih, General Manager of the Indian Overseas Bank Ltd., who was visiting Fiji. He is seated in the centre.

Dollars!

p. 22

One Hundred Million Dollars!

Estimated Value of War Stuff Dumped in N. Hebrides

MOST people have heard of Manus, and how the Chifley- Evatt Government of Australia re fused to deal with the Uuited States Government, after the war, so that that huge base, and the almost price less equipment it contained, was either sold for a song to the Chinese, or pushed into the sea, or destroyed.

Now we have the even more fan tastic story of Luganville, in Santo, New Hebrides. The Evatt-Chifley Government is not the only one which can be described in the light of after-events as a hairy goat. The New Hebrides Administration also deserves the appellation.

At Luganville, on Santo, the Americans built up one of the big gest machinery and vehicle parks in the Pacific. In this elaborately equipped rear base they had 10,000 technical troops, miles of buildings and stores, seven telephone ex changes, four hospitals, foundries, workshops, cinemas, power-stations— everything.

When the war was over, they valued it low and, according to Osmar White, who investigated the thing for Melbourne Herald, they offered it to the NH Administration for 8 cents in the Dollar. The French-British government hummed and hawed, and argued.

The Americans lost patience. They built a ramp on Million Dollar Point (east coast of Santo) whereby to push stuff over into the sea, and they used a fleet of ships to take heavier equipment for dumping further out.

Thus they destroyed plant and equip ment perhaps worth 100 million dollars; —enough to have put back bone into the economy of all the islands in the SW Pacific. Osmar White says it included:— Hundreds of brand-new jeeps, tractors, trucks, graders, power shovels, generators, mobile laundries and cookhouses; thousands of crates of radio and electrical equipment, machine tools and parts, engines, dockyard and aerodrome equipment.

Now, several years after the tragedy, Mr. S. Goodwin, of Manly, Sydney, and his Salvage Exporting Co., are completing arrangements with the NH Administration under which, on a royalty basis, they will go to Santo in July or August, and try to salvage a lot of this stuff.

They will have to use a big staff and

expensive equipment, but they have an enormous field to work on. At Million Dollar Point, and within three miles thereof, there is 100 million dollars’ worth of machinery, etc., plus the remains of an American battleship, President Coolidge, 17,500 tons, which was sunk there.

Experience has shown that, if such machinery is sunk deep enough—at least 150 feet—it may stay immersed in salt water for a long time without corrosion. The Salvage Co., with luck, could reap a rich harvest. And the NH Government, which could have had the lot in 1946 for some thing like a bagatelle, now will meekly accept a royalty on the value of the stuff recovered.

Degener And De Bisschop

pp. 22-135

New Phase in the Long War of the Junk Cheng Ho

THE Cheng Ho war is on again.

It has raged, intermittently, ever since World War II ended, and the United States Navy handed over the vessel to Mrs. Anne Archbold and her agent, Dr. Otto Degener, of Honolulu.

The famous junk is registered in Papeete, and has been in the waters of French Oceania in recent years.

Dr. Degener claims he is entitled to resume possession of her in July, 1952.

A few months ago, he got ready to begin certain proceedings in Tahiti. He appointed Oscar Nord man, of Papeete, as his legal agent, and he made formal application for a passport visa, to enable him to visit New Caledonia and Tahiti.

The French Consul-General in San Francisco gave him a visa for New Caledonia, but refused one for Tahiti.

The belligerant Dr. Degener at once went on the warpath, in full panoply. He has prepared, in French, a complete history of the Cheng Ho case, and sent copies of this to all members of the French Parliament. He has asked his Con gressman to help him, and at this moment he is in Washington, insist ing on his right to go to Tahiti and fight his case in the law courts of Papeete. The story of the Cheng Ho is worth re-telling.

She was built in Hongkong in the late 30’s regardless of expense by Mrs. Anne Archbold, American millionaire and patroness of science.

Above the waterline, she is a typical Chinese junk. Below, she is a luxury

yacht, powered by two HOhp diesel engines. She is 99 ft long.

Before the war, she provided trans port for scientific expeditions in which the Archbolds were interested, and in that connection she visited many lands, including New Guinea and Fiji. Dr. Otto Degener, famous botanist, was with her in Fiji.

When war came, Mrs. Archbold sold the luxury junk to the US Navy for one dollar. After the war, the Navy returned her to Dr. Degener, as Mrs. Archbold’s agent in Honolulu, and solemnly received one dollar. Mrs. Archbold agreed to arrangements under wh ; ch the vessel became the property of Dr. Degener.

DR. DEGENER decided he should want the Cheng Ho occasionally for scientific purposes, but that otherwise she might as well earn her keep. He knew a colourful French man named Eric de Bisschop, who had been a French Consul and, during the war, a Vichy man.

Between them, they formed the Cheng Ho Trading and Exploring Co., incorporated in Honolulu in July, 1947.

Dr. Degener sold the ship to the company, which had Mrs. Eric de Bisschop as president and Dr.

Degener as secretary-treasurer, to trade between Hawaii and French Oceania. In the final agreement, Degener was to receive 4,353 dollars; had the right to make one round (Continued on page 132)

Mr, and Mrs. de Bisschop

trip in the ship each year for scientific purposes; and the further right to purchase the vessel for 15,000 dollars in July, 1952.

Under the command of Captain de Bisschop, the Cheng Ho sailed from Honolulu in November, 1947.

This picturesque French sailor and writer had been frequently in the Pacific news.

In 1935, he built a two-hulled South Pacific type canoe in Honolulu and, with a crew of one, took her under sail to France, via the Cape of Good Hope—a remarkable feat When war came, he was French Consul in Hawaii; and he got himself into the bad graces of the Allies by adhering to the Vichy Administration.

After the war, he acquired a beauti ful South Pacific Island (Eiao, in the Marquesas) and a beautiful wife —the former Constance Constable, a talented artist. It is not clear how it happened, but it presently appeared that de Bisschop had acquired most of Degener’s shares in the Cheng Ho Company, and he, William Scholti and Harry Brookes between them hold the majority of shares.

Soon after her first arrival in Papeete, the Cheng Ho was registered under the French flag, with Captain de Bisschop as owner. This started the trouble.

F MEDIATELY after the Cheng Ho returned to Honolulu, on July 31, 1948, Degener issued a writ! of attachment. He claimed that only 500 dollars of his 4,353 dollars had been paid—he sued for the balance.

The minority shareholders (some half-dozen, including Degener) took

The junk Cheng Ho.

egal action to compel the three najority shareholders to give an .ccounting; two Hawaiian crew-men edged a special claim; and eight 'ahitian members of the crew sued or wages due.

From then on, the Cheng Ho was under restraint” frequently before arious Hawaiian Courts—and was ot kindly regarded by the judges, /ho found the Co’s, legal and nancial affairs “extraordinarily omplicated”.

In November, 1948, one Court rdered that the Cheng Ho should emain in Honolulu, pending litiga on. A judge said: “I don’t want hat ship to sail until I see the new egistry act.” Captain de Bisschop xplained that the registration of the hip in Tahiti in his name, instead f that of the Co., was due to a lerical error in the office of the jovernor to Tahiti; and every effort /as being made to have the error orrected.

Eventually, when she got away rom Honolulu to Oceania, the 'heng Ho stayed in the Southeast 'acific. We do not know how the isputes of 1948-9 eventually were djusted. But Dr. Degener claims lat he has certain rights, upon /hich he insists.

“I do not now own the Cheng Ho ,” said Dr. Degener, in Honolulu last month, “but I do own the option to purchase her in July, 1952, for 15,000 dollars. Also, the Co owes me 3,000 dollars, and has not even once paid the interest due on that sum.”

It is expected that the ‘‘liaison officer” with the Fiji Rugby Team during its Australian tour will be

Mr. Ken Sands, who formerly prac tised as an accountant in Suva, and now resides in NSW. Mr. Sands was prominently connected with Rugby football during his residence in Suva, and he speaks Fijian.

Mr. W. Schleoscntr, assistant manager of a rubber plantation at Sangara, Papua, who was awarded the George Medal for bravery in the Mt. Lamington eruption, was on leave in Australia in April.

The New Hcwp

p. 23

Honiara Not in High Favour as HQ

P|ESPITE official reticence regarding the probable future organisa ion of the High Commission for the Western Pacific, the pattern is be oming clearer.

The Governor of Fiji ceased to be ligh Commissioner for Western ’acific in April. The present Secre cy, Mr. Chamberlain, whose head uarters are in Suva, is acting as HC. ’he newly-appointed HC, Mr. R. C.

'. Stanley is believed to be on his ray to the South Seas, but the date f his arrival has not been nnounced.

Several months ago, plans were foot to make an early transfer of he Commission’s headquarters to [oniara, in the Solomons; from which oint Solomons, Gilbert and Ellice nd British side of the New Hebrides ould be administered. But it was >und impossible to provide the neces iry accommodation in Honiara in me; so HCWP headquarters will jmain in Suva for a time—some ly, two years.

HCWP now is really feeling the andicap imposed by the hurried, ill ivised decision to establish adminis ative headquarters, after the war Honiara (Guadalcanal’s north aast). If the excellent, but war iasted port of Tulagi had to be aandoned, there were several places i BSI where a completely sheltered art could have been secured, plus ifficient flat country to provide an r-strip.

Honiara is only a partly-sheltered >rt; the last of its war-built wharves is collapsed; and big ships now are fliged to use Tulagi, 20 miles away, his makes it very difficult to trans it material and personnel for the ilarged “capital.” Little wonder at the new HC is in no hurry to ) there.

Henderson airfield (on Guadal nal, behind Honiara) is being pre yed to receive the big 4-engined aft of Qantas, who propose to co >erate with the new HCWP by nning a service from Lae (New uinea) via Honiara and Nauru to irawa (Gilbert Islands).

Mr. G. Buscombe of the Depart ed of Civil Aviation, Norfolk Is nd, is taking a 3-months course in elbourne. He will later be joined i the mainland by Mrs. Buscombe, d they will holiday in New Zealand fore their return to Norfolk in ptember.

End Of Queer Wardist Regime In

pp. 23-27

Papua-New Guinea

And a Tribute to Colonel and Mrs. J. K. Murray

WITH the retirement of Colonel J. K. Murray, on June 30, there comes to an end a remarkable phase in the administration of Papua-New Guinea. There is in it a lesson for everyone interested in the government of a primitive* tro pical territory.

As a man, a responsible citizen and a scholar. Colonel Murray won for himself a high place in the regard of Territorians: within those limits, no Administrator there has been held in greater esteem. But as an Administrator, trying to re concile his humanitarian ideas and his stubborn political principles, with the raw facts of Papua-New Guinea conditions, he was not happy, either in his own mind or in the sight of spectators.

One of the most freakish things in the history of Australian Govern ment was the appointment of Mr.

E. J. Ward—that ornament of the extreme Left—as Minister for Territories. Ward probably had never even seen a coconut tree or a Melanesian; but (after the manner of all Socialist planners) he im mediately and confidently set about the creation of a new heaven and earth for Brown Brother, and the extermination of the vicious pro fiteers who had “enslaved” him.

The rest is history. Ward’s more active association with the Terri tories really ended when the Tim ber Lease Scandals forced him into a year’s savage defence of his Min isterial reputation and his connec tion with New Guinea. Although he was washed clean by the Royal Commissioner, it is not forgotten that it was Ward’s close companion ship with racketeer Jock Garden which brought about this, the most troublesome incident of his career.

VIZARD, in his unfamiliar Terri tories job, rightly decided that he should be assisted by a council of research and planning; but, in the manner typical of this queer politician, his set-up consisted en tirely of academicians of known

Socialistic inclinations—anthropolo

gists, students, legal luminaries, and what not. During the war period, with commissions ranging from colonel downwards, complete with priorities and emoluments, these people ranged all over Eastern Aus tralia and the Southwest Pacific, planning the new Melanesian Em

pire in Papua-New Guinea, for the liberation of Fuzzy-Wuzzy and the glory of Ward. There was not one proved business-man or one ex perienced Territorian among all the planners.

Most definitely, the original plan with which Ward proceeded to take over Papua-New Guinea from the Army had no provision in it for the encouragement of private en terprise. One Government set-up was to compulsorily acquire all the produce of the country, and be re sponsible for the distribution of all goods; another was to own and operate all shipping; the employ ment of natives was to be most rigidly controlled. Planters and miners were to be allowed to return to their properties, but under con ditions which would curb severely their nasty habit of making profits.

Nominally, the whole plan was based on the welfare of Papua-New Guinea natives. Actually, it simply was an example of how an imprac tical Red politician, given unlimited power, would set up the complete Socialist State.

TO implement this plan, Ward chose Jack Keith Murray, a Queensland Professor of Agriculture, who had come into Army organisa tion with the rank of Colonel. He was an active member of Ward’s Research Council and, when the first School of Pacific Administra tion was set up in Canberra to train personnel for the Islands, Murray was its first Principal. Murray is an academic Socialist and, when Ward sent him to Port Moresby to take charge of the Administration, he made no secret of his political views.

There was dirty work—not by J.

K. Murray—in order that this appointment could be made. When the Japs invaded in 1942, the Hon.

Leonard Murray was Administrator of Papua and, on the restoration of Civil Government, Leonard Mur ray was entitled to return to his job. Most surprisingly, Ward made against Leonard Murray some strange charges of failure to co operate with the military authori ties in the confused days of early 1942; and appointed a Royal Com missioner to inquire into the charges; and, when he got the latter’s re port, he pushed Leonard Murray in to retirement and thus cleared the way for a combined administration

id the introduction of J. K. Mur y.

Australian Socialists stayed - in office until the end of 1949, id Colonel Murray got a clear run r four or five years. The Terri ries picture was startlingly Red at st but, as Murray came face to ce with the hard facts of human lure and economic law, and Ward came preoccupied with the Timber :ase scandal, the roseate hues )wly faded out of Administration.

Colonel Murray is a man with a dl-trained mind and notable for icompromising honesty; and as ne passed and he found it im issible to reconcile his practical ex rience with his political principles, amended his principles. The adual change in administration was rceptible, over the years. Much of ? original trading plan was aban ned: the native labour conditions axed; and the attempt to make i-transport a State monopoly was own overboard.

ATE in 1949, the Australian 1 Socialist Government was voted t; and Mr, Spender took over rritories with a policy that was finitely anti-Socialist and pro vate enterprise. But Mr. Spen ds eager plans and promises were mted on the non-co-operative >nt and slow-moving machinery the P-NG Administration. >lonel Murray may have learned the hard way—much of the tility of academic Socialism; but donel Murray is a very stubborn in, and he had around him a mber of officials who had gone New Guinea with him, with ailar ideas. The Spender plans >bbled and sagged.

An explosion in Canberra was waited. It did not come. The zzle was explained when it be me known that one of Ward’s t acts before leaving office in 49 was to appoint Colonel Mur / to the Administratorship for e years. There was a stalemate for months while some important ngs happened, at the highest r el. , The frustrated Mr. Spender went into diplomacy, and Mr. Paul isluck became Minister. Mr. Reg. illigan moved up a couple of ps to another field, and the corn tent Mr. Lambert became the De rtment’s Secretary. Mr. D. M. eland, with a remarkable reputa n as an organiser and director tough jobs (including the Terri ies) became Assistant Adminis ter.

Thenceforward, at an accelerating tempo, there were developments of importance in P NG, especially in the direction of encouraging private enterprise to go in there to establish new industries.

So far, there seems to be too much talk and not enough practical ac tion—too many busy planners mak ing reports and shaping theories, and not enough of those hardworking, hardboiled lads who must follow the profit motive if any real pioneering is to be done—but that is another story.

Colonel Murray’s decision to re tire now, two years before his term expires, is an honest and logical de cision, If New Guinea’s position, in relation to Australia, had been the same now as it was in 1945, Colonel Murray might have justi fied his retention of office, however embarrassing to the new Ministers, He went to New Guinea to put limits on private enterprise and ad vance the welfare of the natives

md, whatever we might think of lis viewpoint and his methods, he ;ould have claimed the right to :arry on his job for the full term.

BUT the whole outlook has changed since 1945. The rise >f the Communist power, the rapid pread of the Red doctrines across Vsia, have created for Australia a ituation in which New Guinea must >e regarded as the South Pacific’s irincipal barrier against aggression —and all considerations must be übordinated to that.

Natives must be trained and new ndustries must be established for he encouragement of European ettlement, so that we may have, n New Guinea, an economy cal ulated to support a strong defen ive organisation. That envisages ;ovemmental policies and an ad ministrative set-up different to those /hich Colonel Murray took to P 'IG in 1945; and in now retiring rom a field that has been altered irofoundly by the Cold War, Colonel Murray acts in accordance vith the high principles and the lonesty which have distinguished im.

For the Ward set-up, which in reduced Colonel Murray to New Juinea, anti-Socialist critics (among /horn we number ourselves) have othing but dislike and contempt; ut Colonel and Mrs. J. K. Murray, 'ho undertook a difficult job at a lost difficult time and did not spare lemselves in carrying out their uty as they saw it, retire with the nqualified respect and personal king of practically every resident f Papua-New Guinea.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 23-26 (2 items)

21

ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY, 1952

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Agnes of Makogai

p. 27

Legion of Honour for Mother Agnes of Makogai

rwas announced in Suva on May 3 that the Rev. Mother Mary Agnes, member of the Congregation of Missionary Sisters of the Society of Mary, who retired after 30 years of active service as Sister-in-Charge of Makogai leper station, Fiji, has been made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour, by the French Govern ment.

Mother Agnes was awarded the MBE in 1937, and she retired at an advanced age two years ago. She is a native of France. She still lives at Makogai.

Request to Roman Catholic

p. 27

Readers

We have received the following

letter from Mr. H. Rowan Hamilton,

54a, Lansdowne Road, Ball’s Bridge,

Dublin, Ireland:

An International exhibition of photos of Sanctuaries of Our Lady, will be held shortly in Ireland and England. One copy of each photo received will be given to The Vatican, another to Dayton Uni versity for next year’s USA Exhibition.

I would be grateful to any reader who could loan me photos or negatives of Sanctuaries of Our Lady, in the Pacific Islands. The photos will be copied and returned and airmail postage refunded.

Sister K. Jouherf, returned to

Wau, New Guinea, on the March

“Bulolo” from six months holiday

spent in Australia. She has again

taken up her duties as Senior Sister at the Wau Hospital.

Advertisements & other items, p. 27 (2 items)

25

ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY, 1952

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Tahiti’S Administrative

p. 28

Chiefs

Papeete, May 1.

THERE is a report current that the present Governor of French Oceania, M. Petitbon, will complete

his term here in July, and move on to another post in the French Union.

M. Petitbon arrived in 1951, and is Tahiti’s 78th Governor.

Other high officials who are be lieved to be moving on soon include M. Maisonnat (Chef de Cabinet), M. Ziegler (Chef des Affaires Poli

tique) and M. Sabourraud (head o: the Customs).

Nz Interested In Guam

p. 28

Auckland, May 4.

NEW Zealand manufacturers anc exporters are showing a keer interest in Guam (PIM April, page 15), since Governor Carlton Skin ner recently pointed out that Ameri can Pacific territory is one of Nev Zealand’s closest dollar markets.

Large numbers of inquiries have been sent to Guam’s Department ol Commerce. It is believed that it Guam can provide the incentive, the necessary shipping connections can be provided.

NZ firms would be happy to see Guam (and its dollars) as a Far East clearing house, in preference to do ing direct business with the East.

New Job For Fiji “Cats”

p. 28

THE well-known New Zealand Air Force Catalina flying-boats, soon to be replaced by Sunderlands, are to return to NZ from their Islands base at Lauthala Bay, Fiji, to form a new Territorial Air Force squadron based on Auckland. The old Cata linas have served the Islands well in many an emergency.

Advertisements & other items, p. 28 (2 items)

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Territories Talk-Talk

pp. 29-111

By Tolala

CONGRATULATIONS to the re- J cipients of decorations for “erup on bravery”: the George Cross, six ißE’s five MBE’s, a George Medal id the BEM make an appreciative jsture for the nasty Lamington ffair in January, *5l.

A Tasmanian “bush wireless” tells ic that Administrator Murray’s visit > the Legislative Council in Hobart as for the purpose of studying pro cure. It may not be surprising, lerefore, to see a few changes in le Legislative Council at its next iceting.

Sydney papers are carrying tender ivertisements for 51 tons of native vist for spread delivery, wanted by le PNG Administration.

What is going to be the position f the Territories regarding the new nport restrictions? Can they be pplied to the Trusteeship portion? lo doubt there may be conflicting pinions on this. If the natives have ) consume their own “brus” it will e as bad as club wallahs having to hange from Scotch to Australian hisky—than which I can imagine othing worse.

It’s a pity that the Territory’s rain Trust, with all its available dentists, cannot produce a twist ibacco palatable to the native taste, hey’ll have to take a leaf out of the ite George Murray’s book, as re ited in the Quinine story (April IM, p. 89) and send some scouts 3 Virginia, or wherever the Yanks oncoct the ever-popular twist, and urloin the recipe. Time and again ttempts have been made in TNG to ansform the real good tobacco leaf ito twist, but without success. Terri- Drial economists would do well to ork out a solution and save dollars, ven as the Bulolo pine is saving ollars for Australia by replacing JS timber as storage battery separa 3rs.

New Guinea has always prided it slf on being outside the hurricane elt; but the Louisiade cyclone which id such damage in the Misima area n April 28 rather refutes that idea, nd will make those people who gurney abotft in sniall launches in >pen seas somewhat apprehensive. !ut then old-timers have been saying or the past thirty years: “The easons are changing.”

New targets of production have been set by the Commonwealth Government for PNG, and the aim in copra for the 1957-58 period, I notice, is 90,000 tons. That might sound a lot, but actually it is only 1.000 tons more than was produced in Papua and TNG 19 years before, or in the 1936-37 period. Papua then exported 13,000 tons and TNG 76.000 tons. They should be able to do better than that with all their

native co-operatives functioning and copra the price it is.

Still, if the price holds, 90,000 tons, at around £.90, is not to be sneezed at—providing, of course, the £A is not further depreciated.

Five years is a long time and, by then, we might be working in a United Nations currency, or the rou We, or the dollar—or even native shell money, To assist in this target a repre sentative of the Department of Terri tories has been admitted as a mem ber of the Australian Agricultural Council, which has previously con sisted of only State Ministers for

Agriculture and the Federal Ministe for Commerce and Agriculture.

I notice the targets do not includ< tea or rice, or even desiccated coco nut. Gold, oil and timber couh also have been mentioned. It is al part of a Five Year Plan (nothing t( do with Stalin’s) to add a mere £10( million to Australia’s export income NSW Minister for Education Hef fron is the latest anthropologist t< mount the soap box and tell peopk they should not segregate the colouret races. It occurred at the opening o a school at La Perouse, where botl European and aboriginal pupils wouk attend. Said he: “Some white peopk would desire that aborigine children and even aborigine adults, should b( segregated . . . The treatment ol aborigine people in Australia doe; not reflect credit on any of us. Som< people still refuse to accept abori gines as equal human beings.”

It has certainly taken the peopk of NSW a long, long time to moutl such expressions of sentiment, but ai the moment the Bill of Humar Rights, with criticism of the Soutl African Segregation policy appear; to be a popular item of interest.

To my (no doubt) somewhat simple mind it appears that had the Aus tralian Government been given it; own abos to look after under the League of Nations, or Trusteeship ol UNO, there would have been all the fuss in the world made about them —regardless of cost, But there is another aspect ol the whole question which seldom seems to be ventilated. Europeans talk of segregating the dark races— the sovereign and the servile. How do we know the dark races wish to be absorbed in our so-called Western civilisation?

I think we often kid ourselves that natives are breaking their necks to absorb our culture, our methods of government and our moral standards.

There may be some in NG who de sire to assimilate our way of life, and only too ready to absorb our moral standards, but I am prepared to say there are far more natives (and I am talking of NG) who prefer their own moral standards, but are pre pared to tolerate the Whiteman’s dominance for the sake of those material gains such as medical ser vices and varied foods.

As for natives absorbing the white man’s moral codes: to me, that is a retrogressive step, based on primitive native standards—and I do not refer to present day natives, who have assimilated Western morals and who (Continued on Page 109)

are continually being charged with rape and stealing in the Territories’ sea-ports. I refer to the old tribal customs—enforcing a stern regard for private property, whether it was the neighbour’s pig or wife, and where the penalty—in most cases death —was sufficiently severe to act as a deterent.

Those who have lived among pri mitive natives have come to respect their standards of morality as com pared with those of Western civilisa tion. I know of many an old-timer who would have no compunction in leaving his wife on an island with primitive natives, but would think twice about it if more civilised be ings were about.

The extent to which our civilisa tion has penetrated in PNG seems apparent in a Sydney press statement about Tommy Otari, “the only fuzzy wuzzy to box in Australia.” He was reported to be at the Sydney Show in a well-known boxing troupe. Is this the Government’s idea of education for the natives?

Bits and Pieces: Margaret Cilento bas been holding an art exhibition in Sydney recently. A bit too modern for my old-fashioned ideas, though it was well received ... A native welfare conference opened at Noumea under the SPC on April 28 . . • “Fortify New Guinea,” says US 3eneral Eichelberger. Billy Hughes was saying the same thing back in 1937.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 29-30 (1 item)

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Scholarship Winner

pp. 31-32

In Sydney in May, from his coun try home in Mapleton, Queensland, was Mr. F. J. Mackenzie, who was Commonwealth Bank manager in Rabaul when the Japs invaded in 1942. With A. J. Gaskin and a couple of others, he escaped captivity and the Montevideo Mam holocaust by walking rapidly away along the

South Coast, where they were picked up by seaplanes. War over, “Mac” went back to the Territories for a few years, as finance member of PCB, and he retired in 1950. He is an outspoken admirer of the quali ties of Assistant Administrator D. M.

Cleland, with whom he was closely associated in PCB.

Eileen Theresa Gordon, younger laughter of Mrs. D. M. Gordon, of Bris [?]ne, and the late Mr. L. Gordon, of [?]kon Plantation, New Ireland, who is [?]e 1952 holder of the NG Memorial [?]holarship. She was born in Kavieng, attends All Hallows Convent, Brisbane.

Constable Joni Atobe, whose photo appeared in the November, 1951, PIM, has been awarded a bronze medal and certificate by the Royal Life-Saving Society, London, for his heroic rescue of an Indian child who had fallen from the Sigatoka Bridge, Fiji-

Mr. Terry Wiliams, former gradu ate of the Fiji Central Medical School and a well known AMP in the Cook Islands, where he was well liked, is now a member of the Auck land Watersiders Union, earning— as he points out—rather more than he ever earned as an AMP.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 31-32 (2 items)

29

ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY 1952

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Get the full story on the equipment and “know how” in the free Kodak folder “Snaps Around the Clock.” Write to-day for your copy.

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Much Movie-Making In

p. 32

Fiji

SUVA, April 22.

Headquarters of the wame Bros, film company which wil make His Majesty O’Keefe later thi: year in Fiji will be the Deuba Bead Hotel, which is to be enlarged u accommodate the visitors, and Mr R. A. Hewlett, Tourist Officer a Nadi Airport, will be liaison office] to help the producers with the en gaging of local talent, labour anc transport. About the same time Mr and Mrs. Harlo Brock, of Viking Pasadena, will be ir Fiji to make a travel film in colour The O’Keefe film will be made somewhere along the Singatoka coasl which escaped damage in the January hurricane.

Star of the film will be Holly wood’s Burt Lancaster.

Miss Elizabeth Hennings who has designed the costumes for many J Arthur Rank productions, will be in charge of costumes.

She has been visiting her parents, Mr. and Mrs. G. Hennings ol Naitauba, Lau Islands, since January but will shortly leave for Hollywood.

Advertisements & other items, p. 32 (2 items)

30

MAY. 1952 PACIFIC ISLANDS 3IONTHLY

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Council Survey In

pp. 33-34

Solomon Is.

Honiara, May 6.

HHE first meeting of the British L Solomon Islands Protectorate dvisory Council for 1952 was >ened in Honiara by the Acting esident Commissioner (Mr, P. ughes) on May 6, Members of the Advisory Council is year are— Non-official Mr. L. F. ill, The Yen. Archdeacon H. V. C. eynolds. Mr. K. H. Dalrymple ay, Mr. R. L. Dethridge and Mr. . H. Kuper. Official: Mr. W. T. harles (Judicial Commissioner) [r. P. A. Richardson (Secretary to overnment) Mr. P. M. Smith Acting Accountant-General) Dr. W. . McDonald (Acting Senior Medi ll Officer), Native members: essrs. C. Vouza, G. M., W. Paia, Sitai and M. Talasasa.

The Resident Commissioner, in his jening address, read a message from e Acting High Commissioner for Astern Pacific and briefly sum arised events in the Protectorate /er the last twelve months.

He referred to the rise in the S.I.P. copra pried which now stands £63/10/- at Honiara and £63/15/- Yandina; and to the recent storm image which swept away the re taining wharf at Honiara, as a msequence of which Tulagi has icome the port for Honiara’s ever ts shipping. He mentioned the re setting of Gizo, in the Western slomons, as a port of entry and the sit of a Banks Line vessel to Gizo i March.

The Resident Commissioner also >oke of the possible re-opening of art of the old American aerodrome ; Henderson Field to enable land igs to be made by Qantas four igined aircraft as part of a projected :rvice from Lae to the Gilbert and llice Islands Colony.

He gave a brief sketch of the ctivities of Government departments uring the year, and spoke of the :ute staff shortage in almost every apartment, which is making it ex emely difficult for present staff to sal with the work required to be ane, and the problem of obtaining mior officers with technical know dge for Departments such as Public /brks and Lands & Mines, He said lat the new Commissioner of /orks, Mr. O. G. Chapman, was spected to assume duty during me. The Protectorate seemed now, )r the first time, to be entering on period of considerable develop lent.

The Advisory Council adjourned

until May 8, to enable Non-Official and native members to submit the Address-in-Reply and to consider the papers which had been put before them.

Old And New Personnel

The Resident Commissioner (Mr.

H. G. Gregory-Smith) left for England on April 1. Mr. Peter

Hughes assumed duty as Acting Resi dent Commissioner. Mr. Hughes will go to England on leave on May 13 and then Mr. P. A. Richardson (at present Secretary to Government) will act as Resident Commissioner.

Mr. E. J. H. Colchester-Wemyss, Superintendent of Police and Prisons, 8.5.1. P. departed for England on

leave by Qantas on April 1. Mr. J L. Bergelin (formerly Inspector ot Labour) is acting in his place.

Recent arrivals for the Folia Department are Inspector J. Bucking ham, and Sub-Inspector A. L Lindley, both from the United King dom. Sub-Inspector J. F. Semple and Sub-Inspector Bradley arrived b> Qantas on May 5.

Mr. E. V. Lawson has beer appointed Secretary-Accountant ol the 8.5.1. P. Copra Board and wili take up his new duties on June 1 Mr. Lawson is at present Islands Manager of the Fairymead Sugar Co at Yandina. He came to the Pro tectorate in 1947 as Manager of the Government Trade Scheme and ir 1951 went to the Fairymead Co.

The new 8.5.1. P. hospital vessel M. V. Betua, arrived in Honiara ir April and is regarded by the Medical Department as admirably suited foi her job of carrying supplies, ferrying patients and taking medical officers to outlying islands. Betua will visit Tikopia in May, in company with M. V. Margery, to take building materials and supplies to that remote Polynesian island," which suffered heavy damage in the recent strong North-west blow.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 33-34 (1 item)

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Fiji, Too, Lived Beyond Its 1951 Income

pp. 35-38

Trade Position Now Spotlights Indian Population Problem

SUVA, April 24, piJI received a jolt in the Govern ment statement, issued this month, at in 1951 imports exceeded ex >rts, in value, by more than .2,000,000.

This is the largest trade deficit in e Colony’s history, and it is only e sixth time in the present century at there has been a deficit. The evious largest gap was £577,000 1944.

In 1951 imports totalled 9,300,000 (£2,300,000 more than 1950), and exports £7,300,000 early £500,000 below 1950).

The Comptroller of Customs says at the decline in the total value of ports was attributable mainly to icreases in exports of sugar, gold id canned pineapples. These three mmodities accounted for a drop £1,200,000 compared with 1950. cports of coconut oil, copra, coco it meal, bananas, and biscuits in eased, and there was a larger re port trade with other Pacific is ids.

The drop in the value of sugar ports was due partly to a smaller ne crop and partly to the fact that e CSR Cos. had 41,500 tons of gar still awaiting export at the end 1951, compared with only 8,435 tis at the end of 1950. This differ ce of 33,000 tons was worth about 1,190,000, which accounts for more m half the adverse balance of ide.

The increased value of imports was e to higher landed costs, to the ing of orders outstanding in itain and Australia, to the reopen l of pre-war supply sources such Belgium and Japan, and to the :t that supplies generally were >re readily available.

The Comptroller of Customs, how -r “doubts whether all these fac s account entirely for the trade Scit of £2,055,147.” He says it unless there is an early and sub ntial increase in the exports of ; colony’s principal products, fur :r trade deficits are bound to occur, rticularly when the present high ces for Fiji produce start to fall.

Editorial; How Will Fiji

Close the Gap?

ECAUSE of long-term contracts with the British Government there mot be any abrupt falls in the :es received for the Colony’s main •ducts; but, because of a tendency

to recession in the free world prices of raw materials, at the present time, it may be difficult for Fiji to make up her trade deficit by increasing her exports.

Fiji’s current adverse trade balance has increased the misgivings of some of the Colony’s residents and gener

ally they do not like what they see of present-day trends in the Group.

The whole of the Colony’s income comes off the land, or out of it. There are no secodnary industries. The basic problem is therefore one of land, its use and its ownership.

The population of Fiji is now around 300,000, about half Indian.

Home production of food has not, however, kept pace with population increase, with the result that food stuffs at inflated prices must be im

ported to bridge the gap. If exports can be increased to pay for this, all will be well. If they cannot be in creased, then Fiji must produce more food for itself, stabilise its popula tion or accept a lower living standard.

Indications at present are that the post-war era of ever-increasing prices for raw materials and primary pro duction is coming to an end. If that is so, and Fiji’s export income be :omes more or less stabilised, the rest is a simple matter of mathe natics. The more people there are :o feed the less there will be for jach one.

The high and increasing Indian lirth-rate is the crux of the Colony’s nain problem. The so-called “In lian Problem” is something that ;very non-Indian is prepared to dis cuss. Everyone has a theory as to vhat the Government should do ibout it. But the Government appears o have no ready-made formula for lealing with it except to sit pat and, tided by present land regulations vhich, in effect, severely restrict an ncrease in Indian holdings, let eco lomic pressure take its course. And his may be as good a solution as my.

In an interview last year, a high lecretariat official was asked: Has he Government any plans for the conomic future of the Indians—in hort, a solution of the “Indian Prob em?”

The official thought this very funny.

Ask God,” he said. “He might know tow to solve it—l don’t.”

It has been suggested that matters vould be helped if an immediate conomic survey of Fiji’s potentiali ies in land and future production yere undertaken immediately. But urveys, of themselves, have never telped anyone. People do not pro luce more because they are told to lo so. If you supply a Pacific Is ander with easy money he will buy ffiite bread from the Chinese baker md canned corned-beef from the rade store. If the source of easy loney dries up he does not have to e told to go home and cultivate his aro patch—he goes of his own ccord. The same applies to all eoples, white, brindle or black.

In the easy post-war years of boom nd-bust the fundemental truth that : you don't produce you don’t eat as been easily overlooked.

Fiji’s adverse trade balance this ear probably does not mean much lore than that—in common with lost other countries—a period of ad istment is at hand. Unless bolstered y Government grants and sub dies, Fiji imports must soon align lemselves with Fiji income.

Sergeant Major Sailosi Vatubua, a well known and respected officer of the Fiji Military Forces, was the first casualty of the 1st Battalion when he died of an illness at Singapore in February.

On April 29, two other members of the Battalion died in Malaya as a result of a car accident. They were Cpl. A. W.

Bucknell of Lautoka and Pte. Hawea Turagavakacegu of Lau.

Captain Ken Nicholson, of Qantas Empire Airways, son of Mr, and Mrs. W. T. A. Nicholson of Suva, is the first Fiji born Captain of an overseas airliner. He was one of the

men who enlisted in Fiji during the war for service with the RAF and as a Squadron Leader saw service in Sandringhams in Coastal Command and later in Burma.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 35-38 (4 items)

33

iCIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY. 1952

Cole’S Popular Day-Old Chickens

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Price: £9/-/- per 100; £4/17/6 per 50; £2/15/- per 25- All plus Airfreight and 8/- per 100 packing. Available July to October.

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Though Asthma itself is not looked upon as being a disease, it may be caused by a heart, lung, kidney, or stomach condition, etc., which only your doctor can diagnose, of course; the result is expanded capillaries of the mucous membrane.

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Standard Set, Complete With Liquid. 28/6. Liquid Refill. 12/6.

Pocket Atomiser, 14/6 (no liquid.) From all Chemists and Islands Stores (in Papua-N.G., Mr. T. W. Johnston, Chemist, Pt. Moresby, has full supplies, including spare parts), or from

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34

MAY, 1952-PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHL

35

ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY, 1952

‘Acting’-8

p. 38

AT the present time, in the South Pacific, there are: Acting Administrator of Papua- New Guinea.

Acting Resident-Commissioner ir British Solomon Islands.

Acting Government Secretary, BSI Acting Governor, Fiji.

Acting Colonial Secretary, Fiji.

Acting Treasurer, Fiji.

Acting High Commissioner foi Western Pacific.

Acting Resident Commissioner Gilbert and Ellice Colony.

There are also several “Actings' in minor posts.

It is probably a record in South Pacific history.

M. Roger Perraud, former manage] of the Tahiti Government rest-house “Fare Rau Ape,” in the mountain: behind Papeete, is now manager o] the Regent Milk Bar in Auckland M. Perraud went to New Zealand a: a member of the crew of the Orohem several years ago, and was for < time chef in a Rotorua hotel.

Advertisements & other items, p. 38 (2 items)

36

MAY, 1952 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHL

Mrllfulfil oWer thc Suggestions

ITlvlll dill 5 for Your Next Grocery Order

Canned APRICOTS, 16 oz. tins, 22/- doz.; 30 oz 35/6 doz.

Canned PEACHES, 16 oz. tins, 23/6 doz.; 30 oz., 39/- doz.

Canned PEARS, 16 oz. tins, 26/- doz.; 30 oz., 44/- doz. (All above are New Season’s—Good stocks available) “Solpak” PIE APPLES, 28 oz. tins ..43/6 doz.

“Big Sister” DATE PUDDINGS, 12 oz. tins 31/6 doz.

“Tom Piper” PLUM PUDDINGS, 12 oz. tins 22/6 doz.

“Letona” GREEN PEA SOUP, 16 oz. tins 15/- doz.

“Gartsides” ASPARAGUS SOUP, 16 oz. tins 16/6 doz.

“Raleigh” MUSHROOM SOUP, 16 oz. tins 21/- doz.

“Raleigh” OYSTER SOUP, 8 oz. tins . 13/6 doz.

FISH CUTLETS, 8 oz. tins, 30/- doz.; 12 oz. .. 37/6 doz.; 16 oz 45/- doz.

“Mcllrath’s Hot Shake” PEPPER SUBSTITUTE, 4 oz. jars 5/3 jar.

“Edgell’s” DICED POTATOES, 16 oz. tins 27/- doz.; 30 oz 44/- doz “Kraft” ICE CREAM MIX, 4 oz tins 17/9 doz.; 12 oz 42/- doz.

“Kraft” CHEDDAR CHEESE, 12 oz.

tins 37/6 doz.

Choice PORK SAUSAGES, 16 oz. tins 35/6 doz.

“Riverside” HAMBURGER STEAK, 16 oz. tins 35/6 doz.

“Edgell’s” BRAISED BEEF STEW,

16 oz. tins 34/- doz.

“Victoree” Choice PLUM JAM. 24 oz. tins 23/- doz.

“1.X.L.” SWEET CORN, 8 oz. tins .. 19/6 doz.

“Yoga” First Grade CEYLON TEA, 6 lb. tins—Unsurpassed flavour (plus export levy at 2/6 per lb.) 4/5 lb.

“Meadow Lea” TABLE MARGARINE, 2 lb. tins, 6/- per tin 71/6 doz.

“Milne’s” 3-Year-Old WHISKY, case lots, ea. 1 doz. x 26 oz. bottles .. .. 60/- case “Milne’s” DRY GIN, case lots, ea, 1 doz. x 26 oz. bottles 47/6 case “Simond’s” XXXXX Strong PALE ALE, case lots of 4 doz, x 23 oz bottles .. 35/- doz.

A full range of general groceries always available at competitive prices. Plain and Self-Raising Flour available in 25 lb. new lever lid tins. Sugar in 35 lb. new lever lid tins. A full range of Penfold’s, Lindeman’s, Seppelt’s and Hardy’s Wines available. Also Scotch Whisky, Rum, Gin. Brandy, Liqueurs at Ex-bond Prices.

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14 Awards and Some

pp. 39-40

Omissions The Mt. Lamington Disaster In Papua

rHE Queen has approved 14 awards for services during and subsequent to the eruption of Mt.

Lamington in Papua in January, 1951.

They are:—

George Cross

Mr. G. A. Taylor, vulcanologist of ■he Minerals Resources Board at Port Vloresby.

Elis citation said, in part . . . “He lisplayed continued conspicuous courage in circumstances of extreme Janger ... he journeyed on foot : requently into the danger area and nade regular inspections both by air and land.”

0.8. E. (Civil)

Mr. T. J. S. Arthur, Regional Director, Department of Civil Avia- Jon, Port Moresby.

Sister P. M. Durdin, a nursing lister at the Anglican Mission at [sivita, Papua.

Mr. L. J. Hart, a lay brother of the Dhurch of England Mission at San kara, Papua.

Mr. F. H. A. Kleckham, an agri cultural officer in the Department of \griculture, Port Moresby.

Mrs. Barbara Lane, a member of he Isivita Mission staff.

The Rev. G. Porter, the minister it the Isivita Mission.

The citations to Sister Durdin, Mrs. Lane and Mr. Porter said that ;hey remained at their posts at the nission treating wounded, burying ;he dead and evacuating wounded and others. Mr. Hart continued several lays after the eruption to collect the vounded and homeless around Higa :uru and to send them to safety. Mr.

Kleckham, as well as evacuating people from the devastated area, icted as guide to the vulcanologist.

Mr, Arthur’s “organising ability, ;echnical knowledge and zeal resulted in the maximum safe use of airfield facilities.”

M.B.E. (Civil)

Mr. J. J. McKee, D.F.C., a Qantas filot.

Mr. J. R. Rose, a Qantas pilot.

Mr. C. E. Searle, a plantation jwner, of Awala, Papua.

Mr. I. C. Taylor, a Qantas pilot, labwau Tomnavadila (Elliott Eli jah), a native employed by the Papua- New Guinea Administration.

The Qantas pilots flew the vul

canologist on his daily inspections; they took “great personal risks outside the normal line of duty.”

Mr. Searle, a plantation owner of Awala, remained at his radio keeping contact with Port Moresby despite stone and pumice dust showers, labwau Tomnavadila accompanied Mr. Kleckham into the eruption zone evacuating wounded natives.

George Medal

Mr. W. Schleusener, Sub-manager of a rubber plantation at Sangara.

Mr. Schleusener, his citation says, remained at Sangara plantation after the eruption, collecting bewildered natives. Ele entered Higaturu with

Mr. C. Champion in search of sur vivors.

B.E.M. (Civil)

Les,ie To P ue ’ a nati / e guide, who accompanied Mr. Taylor throughout " 1S 'work- RESIDENTS of Papua-New Guinea will be suitably gratified that the bravery of these men and women

during Papua’s worst disaster has been officially recognised.

There are never awards of this sort without some heartburnings and some glaring omissions. The omis sions are glaring enough in this event, and residents naturally wonder why. Most of the recipients of awards are not administrative officials.

It may be, therefore, that some Can berra VIP has decreed that in the higher ranks of the P-NG Service, there is no need for public acclaim.

Four names which are conspicu ously absent from the above list are: Mr. Ivan Champion, Assistant Director of District Services, who was placed in complete charge of the rescue operations. He walked miles in the devastated area, did not sleep for days and did an outstanding job.

Mr. Claude Champion, of the Government Secretary’s Department, brother of Ivan Champion, who was the first man into Higaturu, and who worked until he literally fell from exhaustion.

Dr. John Gunther, Director of Health in P-NG, who was one of the first on the job. He personally took charge of all medical work and re mained continuously on duty for days until every casualty had received attention.

The Administrator, Colonel J. K.

Murray, who was one of the first in the devastated area and who stayed there doing as much as anyone.

The work of these men, and others, did not end when all survivors had been got out of the devastated area.

The work of establishing thousands of bewildered natives (and in the Lamington area they are tradition ally the most untractable people) in large, semi-permanent camps, caring for them, feeding them, planning their future was a task that was long and arduous. The size and scope of this phase of the Lamington disaster has probably not been sufficiently appre ciated by the general public.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 39-40 (1 item)

Turners & Growers Ltd.

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No Cargoes for Fiji?

p. 40

WHEN the freighter Nairnbank left Sydney for Fiji, April 23, it was noticeable that she was high out of the water and carrying little if any cargo. She was to load copra for Europe in the Fiji Group.

Mr. Harold Cooper, well-known representative of the well-known Is lands merchants, Nelson and Robert son Pty. Ltd., left Sydney on the April Bulolo. He will visit the com pany’s clients in Papua-New Guinea before returning to Sydney head quarters.

Advertisements & other items, p. 40 (1 item)

38

MAY, 19 52 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHL

More Money

pp. 41-43

Oceanic Steamships Lose More Money Fate of Mariposa and Monterey

THE Oceanic Steamship Company,

subsidiary of the Matson Steam ship Co., continued to lose money in the year ending March 1952 in spite of increased business on the San Francisco - Australasian route where its freighters are employed, and in spite of increased freight charges.

It was expected, however, that a US Government subsidy would in future put the service on a paying basis and the immediate future was held to be “promising.”

The re-entry of Oceanic to the trans-Pacific passenger trade and the present and future of the pre-war liners Mariposa and Monterey are still shrouded in mystery.

Three executives of the company visited Australia and NZ at the end of 1951 and were apparently en thusiastic for the re-entry of their company into the Pacific passenger trade. They were reported to have said that the Mariposa and Monterey were “out”—that the US Govern

ment had bought them for troop transports; and that new ships would be built for a specialised passenger service that would not carry cargo.

It was suggested that these ships would be built in Japan.

However, it appears now that the re-entry of the Oceanic Steamship Company into the Australasian pas

senger trade is as far away as ever; and that the largest part of the loss sustained by the Company in the past year was depreciation on the Mariposa and Monterey which have not, as yet, been bought by the US Government or anyone else.

It is stated in the latest report that the US Government is “deter

mined” to buy the ships as soon as the necessary funds are available.

It is now five years since reconver sion work was halted on these liners.

Every few months, rumours as to their fate circulate freely, but in the meantime they lie in some US Pacific coast port serving no other purpose but a depreciation entry in the Company’s books. In a post-war world that was (if not still is) starved for shipping, the whole situa tion appears absurd.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 41-42 (1 item)

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Fiji’S Wild Game Safe

p. 43

-For Time Being

SUVA, April 22.

ALONG campaign to save wild game birds in Viti Levu from extinction has at last had some success—with the aid of the January hurricane.

The Government has prohibited the shooting of game birds in Viti Levu for two years. The ban, which applies to the Fijian wood pigeon, the barking pigeon, the fruit or chili pigeon, wild duck, quail, teal, wid geon, curlew, plover, snipe, tattler, sandpiper, godwit and jungle fowl, has been imposed “to give the birds time to recover from the damage done to their living and feeding grounds by the hurricane.”

By far the worst culprits have been a number of people who possess cars but no sense of responsibility. Round about May, almost any Sunday, one may see cars dotted along the high ways in the forested hill areas, and bands of armed men prowling about with furtive expressions while occasional policemen fight a strenuous but losing campaign to keep a check on individual “bags.”

The result has been that pigeons are now a rarity in some areas. We can hope that the current ban on shooting these birds is not just another idea that fails for lack of

rigid enforcement.

Qea Sandringham On

pp. 43-44

P-Ng Survey

In April, a Qantas Sandringham flying-boat was making a survey of Papua-New Guinea outports from Daru to Bougainville which are usually serviced by the Company’s Catalinas.

It will not be known until May whether this type of aircraft will be suitable for these services but Qantas is anxious to give outport residents the benefit of improved flying facilities if possible.

Outport residents, for their part,

are keen to have the Sandringhams.

It means more comfort, more pas senger space and more cargo.

Residents have been invited to inspect the Sandringhams during the survey and some have been taken for courtesy flights.

Dr. T. G. Hawley, Government Medical Officer, Western Samoa, was recently acquitted of charges of negli gent driving and driving at an ex cessive speed by Chief Judge Mar sack and a Jury of four at the Apia High Court. The charges arose out of an accident which caused the death of a 5-year-old boy on March 9.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 43-44 (1 item)

CoMsircam Refrigerators

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HOLLAND RUSK

and Allied Products We manufacture Holland Rusks, Butter Johns, Speculaas, Jubilee Par-T-Pack, Almond Rings, Breakfast Cake, Edam Cheese Crunches, Cocktail Buttons, Celery Rondelles, etc. Individually packed and shipped in sealed tins and cases for the Tropics.

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Fijian Workers

p. 44

New Settlement for Suva’s Fijian Workers

AT Samabula, three miles from central Suva, the first of several housing settlements for Fipian fami lies in the Suva area is being con

structed. An entrance road has been formed and the frames of 16 Fijian type houses are already up.

It is intended to establish between 80 and 100 Fijian families on this Crown land settlement. Water and sewerage systems are now being in stalled, communal lavatory blocks are being built and communal shower rooms and laundries have been planned. Each house will be 18 ft. by 12 ft. and have a separate kitchen.

It is probable that this scheme has been speeded-up by the January hurricane, but the housing shortage, especially in the case of lower-paid Fijian workers, was more than acute before the storm. Since the hurri cane more than 300 Fijians have been living at the former Army camp at Samabula and these will be among those to be accommodated at the new settlement.

The establishment of even 100 families at Samabula is only a be ginning, but it is encouraging as the first tangible sign that a move is at last being made against the evils of slum conditions and exploitation by slum-landlords.

The Right Rev. S. G. Caulton, M.A., Bishop of Melanesia, with headquarters in the Solomon Islands, arrived in Auckland, in March.

Advertisements & other items, p. 44 (1 item)

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General Merchants (Wholesale Cr Retail) and Shipowners—lmporters Cr Exporters

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Lloyd's Agents

Agents and Distributors for; ENGLAND.—Austin Cars & Trucks, Pye Radios, Dunlop Rubber Co., Ltd., Vauxhall Cars & Trucks, R. A. Lister & Co., Ltd., Phillips Cycles, Marples Tools.

C.S.A.—Remington Rand Corp.. Radio Corp. of America, Champion Spark Plug Co., Firestone Tyres, General Steamship Corp.

NEW ZEALAND.—Vacuum Oil Co. Pty., Ltd., Petroleum Products.

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Nadi Airport Prepares

p. 45

For Comet Airliners

SUVA, April 22.

NADI international airport is to be equipped with a third runway and full facilities to cope with the British Comet jet airliners which are expected to be introduced to the trans-Pacific service by CPAL later -his year. That a third runway was feasible was decided at the fourth inference, held at Nadi, of the South Pacific Committee on Air Navigation md Ground Organisation (CANGO) between April 17 and 22.

CANGO will recommend four nain points to the South Pacific Air [Yansport Council which will also neet at Nadi, in June. They are: 1) The third runway, with slight dterations to the direction proposed n the original plan. (This runway vill meet all Comet requirements and vill carry virtually all the Nadi traffic, :xcept in unusual wind conditions). 2) A master plan is proposed to :over the whole airport area. (3) Adequate ground and air naviga ional aids to be provided. (4) The instruction of new buildings, ser vices and amenities and the improve nent of some of those already exist ing.

The CANGO delegates, represent ng the United Kingdom, Australia, ''Jew Zealand and Fiji, unanimously xpressed the opinion that their Nadi onference had been the most suc essful to date.

It was originally estimated that kadi’s third runway would cost C 1,300,000. But the new alignment 5 expected to result in a considerable aving.

[?]Ngvr’S Easter

p. 45

[?]Anoeuvres In

[?]Abaul Rain

RABAUL, April 26 A THREE day excercise was held locally by “B” Coy, PNGVR, luring the Easter holidays.

The objects of this exercise in luded practice in the command of patrol by junior leaders, familiar sation on the part of all ranks with tie terrain surrounding Rabaul, and urvival in the field under semi imgle conditions.

The weather co-operated admirably -brilliant sunshine for the first day, ollowed by approximately six inches •f rain in the next 14 hours.

All ranks survived and learnt much •f the physical conditions that may •e encountered in war.

Anzac Day In Rabaul

p. 45

RABAUL, April 25, THERE were two notable features in the observance here of Anzac Day.

Standing on a spot over which victorious Japanese were swarming exactly ten years ago. Pastor Judd, of the SDA Mission, giving an address to ex-servicemen, Scouts, Cubs, Girl Guides and Brownies, em phasised the dangers to New Guinea that lay in the way in which the Communist philosophy was being accepted in overcrowded Asia.

Three native buglers, at the con clusion of the 30 minutes’ ceremony, sounded the Last Post.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 45-46 (1 item)

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Happened in the Coral Sea

pp. 47-49

Ten Years Ago: What Really Happened in the Coral Sea

TEN years ago, during March, April, May and June, there occurred in the Southwest Pacific a series of confused battles, of the significance and result of which we then had only a vague idea.

To-day, seen against the back ground of the Pacific section of World War II (1942-45) we know that that series of battles saved Aus tralia and the South Pacific Islands from Japanese invasion, and set in train a chain of events which ended in the overwhelming defeat of Japan.

This month, Americans and Aus tralians are celebrating the victory of the Battle of the Coral Sea (May 3-8, 1942). By itself, that battle, while very important, did not mean very much; but now as we see it in con junction with several other battles, we realise what it meant.

The speed of the Japanese thrust southwards across the Pacific was amazing. Pearl Harbour, in early December, 1941, marked the opening of the war. Within three months, the Japs were in posesssion of all Southeast Asia, Malaya, Netherlands Indies, Philippines, New Guinea

( T ePt H aP e U V Bismarck Archi pelago, and Solomons They had created a huge base at Rabaul. It was to be the spring board for their attack on Australia and New Zealand. If they held the latter, they bestrode the world — they controlled the Pacific and the United States could not reach India, or Africa, or the Middle East, except through the Atlantic. They planned to seize Australia before the Americans could recover from the shock of Pearl Harbour, and get around south by west to the help of the British Pacific countries.

The only thing that equalled the speed of the Japanese was the speed of the Americans. They anticipated Jap strategy. Their forces were pouring into the Southwest Pacific in March, before the Japs were properly set for their deadly spring from the Rabaul base. first Jap thrust from Rabaul A came early in March, 1942.

Our reconnaissance planes dis covered that important Jap naval forces, with many transports, had

arrived at Lae and Salamaua—the first big move against Port Moresby and Torres Strait.

An American-Australian fleet, headed by two big carriers (Lexing ton and York) was off the Queens land coast. The two carriers went into the Gulf of Papua, and 100 of their planes flew straight across the

Owen Stanley Range and fell like hawks upon the surprised Japs.

The execution was terrific. The Japs occupied both Lae and Salamaua, but their transports, equipment and warships were so badly

smashed that they had no sting left for the advance on Moresby.

The Japs re-grouped. During April, they massed troop-carrying and naval forces in the vicinity of Truk and Rabaul. At the end of

April they moved southwards, in a two-pronged thrust—one prong through the Solomons and the other towards the archipelagoes directly eastward of Papua.

Three or four American-Aus tralian fleets were cruising in the Coral Sea, generally between Southern Solomons and the Queens land coast.

The first of the Jap naval forces of the eastern prong arrived in Tulagi harbour (Solomons) on May 3.

They were observed and reported by scout planes from the carrier York town, at the head of a fleet led by Rear Admiral Fletcher. Fletcher consulted with Rear Admiral Fitch who, with carrier Lexington and another American fleet, was not far away.

Before dawn on the 4th, the two fleets were 100 miles west of Guadal canal. Their planes arrived with the daylight over Tulagi. Not one Jap

ship escaped damage—l 4 warships

and transports were sunk by dive bombers and torpedoers there in the harbour. That blunted the eastern prong of the enemy thrust. The Americans lost three planes.

BY now, we knew that powerful Jap forces were moving into the Coral Sea. Two Jap fleets of war ships and transports, with two

carriers, direct from Rabaul, were located in the Papuan archipelagoes.

Another Jap force, headed by the Shoho, newest and largest Jap carrier, came southwest into the Coral Sea, around the southern Solomons.

The American-Australian fleets in the Coral Sea, with the carriers Yorktown and Lexington , moved into positions suitable for air attack.

During May 5,6, 7 and 8 the two huge forces searched for and fought each other with their planes. The Americans were aided by shore based American and Australian planes, from the North Queensland coast.

Our forces sank the Jap carriers Shoho and Shokaku and severely damaged Zuikaku, sank three or four heavy and one light cruiser, and sank and wrecked numerous trans ports, many of which they found near the Louisiades—they seemed to have had a base at Deboyne Lagoon.

The Japs got in some heavy blows —they sank the valuable carrier Lexington, damaged the carrier Yorktown, and sank some small ships and we lost 66 planes.

But the western prong of the attack, which clearly was directed at Port Moresby, was completely smashed—the remnants of the enemy fleets limped back to Rabaul and the Caroline bases. fpHAT was the Battle of the Coral J- Sea, fought entirely with planes —the warships were never nearer each other than 180 miles. Com bined with the Battle of Huon Gulf (early March) and the First Battle of Tulagi (May 4) it spelled the first great defeat suffered by modern Japan. It was the actual turning point of the Pacific War.

It was confirmed, a month later, in the Battle of Midway Island, when powerful Jap naval formations, trying to intercept American forces with an eastwards thrust, lost all their carriers (four) and a large number of valuable warships.

For a year after that, the enemy fought strongly and savagely in the Solomons and in New Guinea, and gained minor successes; but hence forth he was fighting a losing war.

American air and sea-power was built up irresistibly. By the end of 1943, General MacArthur was ready with his islands leap-frog strategy.

The enemy’s islands fortresses, built at such incredible cost, became his prisons and his tomb. Eighteen months later, he surrendered un conditionally.

The Huon Gulf-Tulagi-Coral Sea- Midway Island phase was the turn ing-ppint of the Pacific War.—RWR.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 47-48 (1 item)

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Drain, Dad

p. 49

Don’T Go Down The

RABAUL, April 15.

RABAUL citizens are having drain trouble.

It was reported at the April meeting of the Rabaul Advisory Council that in recent weeks, three different people had fallen into the town’s drains during the hours of darkness and had sustained various

injuries.

The District Commissioner’s atten tion was drawn to these facts and guard-rails were suggested as a remedy.

Mr. B. C. Cartland, Chief Lands Commissioner in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, is to act as Resident Commissioner at Tarawa, after the Acting RC, Mr. J. R.

Keegan, goes on leave this month.

Mrs. Cartland was in Sydney in April, visiting their children, who are at school in NSW.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 49-50 (1 item)

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p. 51

Ccl. Not

For W. Samoans

APIA, April 10.

OFFICIAL and Ministerial wishes to the contrary, the Legislative Assembly of Western Samoa is determined that members will choose their own Executive Council and not have members of it nominated by the High Commissioner.

This was a matter taken up, without avail, with the New Zealand

minister, Mr. Webb, during a recent visit to the Territory, but at the March-April sitting of the Assembly, after a heated debate, a motion was carried by a large majority that European and Samoan members of the proposed Council should be chosen by appropriate sections of the Assembly.

A clause in the draft proposal for the constitution of the Council, that the High Commissioner should have authority to terminate the member ship of any member, was also deleted.

Kiwi Association of Moresby

pp. 51-52

The Rev. S. G. Andrews, M.A., Dip. Ed. formerly Principal and Act ing Chairman of the Wesleyan con gregations in the Davuilevu Dis trict, Fiji, has been appointed General Secretary of the Methodist Church in New Zealand. He assumed duty on March 1.

Some of the 42 New Zealanders who attended the Kiwi Association’s dinner in Hotel Moresby, Port 'Moresby, on March 27. -Photo by Papuan Prints.

Hundreds of Suva people laughed when, in the course of an excellently staged local revue (“Easter Parade”) it was suggested that Suva was like Hollywood because everybody was “acting” . . . The Acting Colonial Secretary (Mr. R. M. Taylor) has gone to England en route to his new

post in Rhodesia. And that means yet another move round of high officials, some of whom are already “acting.” An increasingly critical public is audibly wondering whether the Colonial Office expects Fiji to run smoothly with what at times is virtually an Acting Government.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 51-52 (1 item)

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New Ireland’s 1914 Disaster

p. 52

“It is sometimes stated by high officials that there has been a marked decline in native population in New Ireland” writes Mr. O. L. Schultze of Kavieng, New Guinea. “It is true that, compared with the figures of the German time, the population of New Ireland to-day is not what it ought to be. But that is not due to social causes. It is the direct result of a most disastrous drought, which lasted for 8 months in New Ireland in 1914. It caused enormous damage to food crops, with the result that a large section of the native popula tion simply died from starvation.

“There seems to be no official re cords of the disaster. The German administration ceased in 1914, and administrative records were not kept again until 1921, when the Australian Civil Administration began to func tion. There are only few and frag mentary records of what happened in the Territory of New Guinea dur the seven years of military occupa tion. There seems to be no official record, accessible in the usual way, regarding the 1914 drought.”

Mr. H. McGrath, headmaster of the Boys’ Grammar School, Suva, Fiji, is spending long leave in the United Kingdom.

Advertisements & other items, p. 52 (1 item)

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Liquor System

p. 53

Samoa May Get A New Liquor System

1F suggestions made by Mr. Powles, High Commissioner in Western Samoa, are accepted by the NZ Territories Minister, Mr. Webb, Western Samoa’s liquor-permit farce may come to an end.

In recent months it has become a world-wide joke that Western Samoa, technically “dry”, in a year manages to consume 2,000 gallons of whisky, 1,000 gallons of gin, 30,000 gallons of beer and hundreds of gallons of other intoxicants, all for “medicinal purposes.”

There are no licenced hotels in the Territory but approved residents and visitors may purchase liquor from government store after being issued with a medical certificate by a doctor.

The present farce is said to be a legacy from the old League of Nations Mandate system whereby there was, or was supposed to be, total prohibition. The new United Nations Trusteeship agreement ap parently allows for more latitude and control is fully in the hands of the administering authority—New Zealand.

Mr. Powles has suggested the appointment of a NZ magistrate as a Commissioner of inquiry to receive evidence from members of the community as to their views and suggestions. The Commissioner’s report will go before the Legislative Assembly and then to the Minister with a request that amending legis lation be enacted by the NZ Parlia ment. , Mr. Powles said that the reforms that were contemplated would not mean a flood of alcoholic liquor into the Territory.

Although blame for Samoa’s comic opera liquor set-up has been laid at the door of the League of Nations and its “total prohibition”, there obviously must have been other minds at work. New Guinea was also a C Class Mandate and supplying liquor to natives there was, and is, an offence. But licensed hotels have always functioned, there is no liquor prohibition on anyone except the natives and the results have certainly been no worse than in Samoa. The worthy gentlemen of Wellington and probably the Mis sions must be held to blame for the Territory’s quaint liquor laws. The same laws apply in NZ’s other Pacific possession, the Cook Islands,

which never has been a Mandate or a Trusteeship territory.

As far as the future is concerned, it is safe to assume that the Missions, which have a great influence in Samoa, will do all they can to prevent restrictions on liquor sales being removed.

Mr. L. W. Beach, formerly a car penter connected with the extensive Methodist re-building programme now taking place in New Britain, has returned to Sydney to prepare him self for candidature for the ministry.

Captain E. R. Johanson, for many years commander of the Trans-

Pacific liner Monterey, and an old and honoured servant of the Matson Line, now has retired from the sea, and settled down in California.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 53-54 (1 item)

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Native-Grown Rice Production In Papua-N.

Minister on Land Rights and European Settlement

WHEN he returned to Australia at the end of April from a visit to several Papua-New Guinea dis tricts—and especially the mainland regions embracing the Markham, Ramu and Sepik river systems, be tween Lae and the Dutch border— the Minister for Territories (Mr. Paul Hasluck) made some important statements about the agricultural de velopment of the Territories.

He said he had been “greatly im pressed” with the way the native village communities were becoming interested in the growing of new crops —especially rice—and the use of implements and processing machines. The Administration would give every encouragement and active help to this and allied projects.

Rice production in native villages for local use could expand over the next few years from a few hundred tons a year to some thousands of tons, said the Minister.

At present Papua-New Guinea made an annual demand on Australia for roughly 15.000 tons of milled

rice, chiefly for native labour. The first target would be to meet local needs from local supplies in various districts. With increased production, the village people would eat more rice themselves. Incidentally, the re lationship of the new crop to native health was already discernible in the bright appearance of the people in the rice-growing and rice-eating villages.

While the importance of village agriculture was great, it could not alone meet all the opportunities for

agricultural development in New Guinea. He was looking to the in dividual settler and the big planta tion companies for a substantial contribution of capital, enterprise and work to increase production.

Over years, the Territorial Depart ment of Agriculture had gained a considerable knowledge of what would grow, and how; and this in formation was freely available. The Department was beginning to pro duce larger quantities of seed and other planting material. This year, Garaina agricultural station had dis tributed hundreds of pounds weight of tea seed and thousands of tea plants were available from imported seed.

Seed and planting material for rubber, fibre crops, coffee, cocoa and

rice were being provided. The Department, as circumstances warranted, would provide specialist staff to help promote particular For example, he had approved the calling of applications for 13 technical and scientific officers whose principal duties would be in relation to the establishment of a fibre industry.

He had been greatly encouraged to find that some sections of private enterprise were ready to join with the Government in the pioneering stages of this work He hoped to see this spirit ot selt nelp extend, tor example, to the development of machinery for cultivation and pro cessing best suited to the Territory.

Available Land

Land was the key to agricultural development. The land policy of the Government, which fully recognised the rights and interests of the natives and safeguarded those rights and in terests by strict rules regarding land acquisition, was well known and would not be varied.

There were, however, areas of waste land unclaimed by natives, other land unwanted by them and unnecessary to their needs, which could be bought from the native owners subject to the statutory safe guards, as well as some lands al ready owned by the Crown.

After some disappointing delays, due to the difficulty of finding quali fied personnel, earlier decisions in tended to make land available were now being put into administrative effect, A Land Titles Commissioner and a Native Lands Commission were beginning to function as statu tory bodies, and a Land Settlement Board had been created administra tively in the Territory.

The Minister repeated that the policy of protecting native interests, both present and future, would be strictly observed but, consonant with that policy, the occupation and the use of land by Australians would be facilitated. This was in the interests of the native as well as the Euro

pean, and was an essential part of the process of the advancement of the native people, the widening of their standards of living.

Insofar as development added to their opportunities and the raising of the income of the Territory, it would also help to sustain the very great social expenditures that would be ne cessary on behalf of the natives in the coming years.

On his tour the Minister (who was accompanied by Mr. D. M. Cleland, Assistant Administrator) personally inspected various areas in the Mark ham Valley, the Ramu Valley and the Sepik. He stated that, in general, policy would be to try to open up those unused lands, already known to be suitable for commercial crops, to which access by road or sea could be given within a reasonable time.

Besides the areas mentioned he had, on previous visits, seen other areas which could meet this requirement.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 55-56 (1 item)

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The Real Problem in

p. 57

Editorial Note

The Real Problem in N. Guinea

THE Minister’s statement and assurances are something that the Territorians have been waiting for for years. Of all the develop ments possible in New Guinea agri culture, none would have greater significance economically, politically and culturally, than the production there of tens of thousands of tons of rice.

But when the Minister discusses the Territories’ most vital problem— how best to encourage rapid settle ment there by Europeans—he be comes vague, and lost in the mists of his own pious wishes. He seems to be more concerned with political assurances about protecting the land interests of the natives than with the practical question of how private enterprise is to be encouraged to develop New Guinea’s resources quickly, if plenty of suitable, cheap land is not made available. His references to “waste” and “un wanted” lands are not enough.

Within the huge islands of New Guinea, New Britain, New Ireland and Bougainville there are almost in calculable areas of cultivable land, and no more than 1,300,000 natives in the whole Territory. In the Netherlands Indies there was a much smaller area, and still there was plenty of land for half a million Dutch and some 70 millions of Indonesians.

In the opinion of most practical observers. Administrator Murray, and now Minister Hasluck, have

been displaying an almost ridiculous sensitivity on the subject of native land rights. They need a clear vision for the big—and, for Aus tralia, the strategically important— task of developing New Guinea; and it would be a national tragedy if they allow their vision to be dis torted by the bowlings and posturings of the political freaks on the Trus teeship Council of the United Nations. New Guinea cannot become Australia’s defensive bul wark against Asia if it has only an economy based on a primitive native peasantry.

Australia has a job to do in New Guinea. Availability of land and labour is vital to that job. Adequate

land and labour can be provided without prejudicing the interests of the natives. But if Australia, in formulating her New Guinea policies, takes too much notice of the calcu lated criticisms of Moscow and Costa Rica and Iraq, then she will surely make a colossal mess of her tropical administration.

Seven years have passed since the Axis surrendered. Soldier settlement in New Guinea, on an organised plan, is still only a pipe dream.

Verbum sapienti sat est!

A son was born to Mr. and Mrs.

Noel Hewlett, of New Guinea Gold fields, Wau, NG, on April 1.

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Peril in the Night

p. 58

THE mysterious loss of the Tahiti schooner Tereora, recalled in PIM March issue, arouses timely comment on the well established Islands-schooner custom of “saving the kerosene.”

Back in 1938, the writer was Radio Officer in a smart new British cargo vessel, sliding along at 12 knots on the run from Panama to Auckland.

The custom was, on nearing the end of the last radio-watch of the day, to whistle up to the Third Officer to switch on the coffee pot, then go up to join him at supper on the wing of

the bridge.

Late that afternoon we had passed close to Rapa Is. The night was over* cast and particularly dark, with a moderate breeze. No dangers to navigation now were expected nearer than the New Zealand coast.

We had a good look-out posted in the crow’s-nest on the foremast— and we were leaning over the bridge watching the white of the bow-wave.

Suddenly the look-out rang the bell for danger right ahead. At about the same moment, before any possible action could be taken—and before it was even realised what was happening—there was a terrific thundering of flapping canvas as we took the wind out of the sails of a small sailing vessel, whose boom scraped the length of our ship as we swept by.

The incident was all over in less than a minute—and just how narrowly that schooner escaped de struction, out there on the open ocean far from land, the owners will never know. There wasn’t a flicker of light aboard.

Several years later, inquiries were made of seafaring men in Papeete, to see if anyone could recall the incident—as the schooner was no doubt out of that port and bound possibly to Rapa from Tubuai or one of the Australs—but no one had heard of it.

The practice of extinguishing the side-lights and mast-head light (where used) to save kerosene or battery power, is just about universal in the Islands—the idea being that the look out on the schooner will always see the lights of a large ship long before it approaches them, giving ample time to light up—so why waste kerosene!

The only weakness in the theory is that there never is a look-out on a schooner—only a look-out-man, and he’s always asleep.—lPS.

Air-Fares Go Up

pp. 59-60

THERE has been an overall in crease in trans-Pacific airfares in recent months, and, in the cases of Australia-New Guinea and trans- Tasman, the increases have been sub stantial. .

The air companies blame higher operating costs and high cost of avia tion fuel.

Effective from April 15, fares from Sydney to Papua-New Guinea have increased as follows: Sydney-Mores by, £46/11/- (formerly £39/5/-); Sydney-Lae, £55/7/- (£4B/15/-); Sydney - Rabaul, £64/19/- ;£5B/10/-).

From May 15, airfares between Sydney and Auckland or Wellington and between Melbourne and Christ :hurch on the services run by Tas nan Empire Airways, Ltd., will be ncreased by 20 per cent. They will low be £47/6/- single, £B4/2/- -eturn. (Old fares £39/8/- and £7O/9/-).

In recent months, due apparently

to slight adjustments in international exchange, airfares between Sydney and Nadi, Fiji, and Sydney and Suva have been increased by a few pounds—about equal to 5 per cent.

However, there has been a sub stantial increase in the fares charged by Canadian Pacific Airlines, Ltd.

The CPAL fare, Sydney-Nadi, is £72, as against about £6O by other operators. CPAL say that the in crease has been forced upon them since they began operating via New Zealand, instead of Sydney-Nadi direct, and that they were willing to carry Nadi passengers at the old fare but the other operators objected on the grounds that as CPAL had in creased the distance flown by over 10 per cent., they must charge more.

This increase will virtually wipe CPAL out of the Sydney-Fiji trade as there is no advantage for the Aus tralia-Fiji passenger to fly via Auck land. CPAL planes stay only one hour to refuel in Auckland, and that in the middle of the night, and ow ing to the agreement whereby TEAL

has the monopoly of trans-Tasman traffic, CPAL passengers cannot break their journey there.

Later this year, of course, CPAL will be using Comet jets, and even with the deviation to Auckland, will be able to clip several hours off the present Sydney-Nadi time of about eight hours. For people in a hurry this may outweigh the extra £.12 in fares. (Fares quoted in Aust. £).

Mr. N. B. Blood, of Nondugl, Central Highlands, New Guinea, has been awarded a rare decoration—the Silver Linnean Medal—by the Swedish Academy of Scientists, for valuable assistance given a Swedish expedition. Mr. Blood recently assisted Count Nils Gyldenstolpe, a noted Swedish ornithologist, who went to the Central Highlands on a collecting expedition.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 59-60 (2 items)

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Uechtritz-Harris Wedding

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The misses Wyn Ann Legge and Pat Ives were bridesmaids and Sharon Whaley and Allannah Parker were flower girls, and the two pages were Christopher Diercke and Anthony Parker.

In the absence of her father, the bride was given away by Mr. Arthur Savage; the best man was Mr. R. Sutherland and the groomsman was Mr. J. Carroll.

One hundred guests were entertained later at a reception at the St. Francis Xavier Hall.

Both bride and groom come of pioneer stock. The first plantation in the Bismarck Archipelago was made by Richard Parkinson at Ralum in the Gazelle Peninsula in 1882, whilst in the 1920’s, the then newly-wed Harris couple began carving Biua Plantation out of the jungle that was Djaul Island. There are still Parkinsons on the Peninsula (the newlyweds will live at Sum Sum) and, after much negotiating, Biua is once more Harris property.

Mr. Jack Thurston of Drina Plantation, when toasting the couple, spoke feelingly of the help and hospitality afforded him in his early, battling days by the Harris family and Peter Uechtritz.

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Kava Is Bad For You—

Fiji Society Proves Only That Opinions Differ

SUVA, April 29.

TAKING up a debate that has been going on in erudite circles for 150 years, the Fiji Society has been looking into the medical aspects of yaqona (kava in Poly nesia).

Kava-drinking and its effects have been part of the stock-in-trade of travel writers and tourist-folders for several generations, and a great deal of drivel has been written on the subject.

Dr. A. S. Frater, president of the Fiji Society, has been experimenting and has come to the conclusion that the diuretic effect of yacona has been over-estimated but that there is room for more study of its effects as a local anaesthetic and soporific.

What is more, he is inclined to sup port the much-derided claim that yaqona in large doses “goes to the legs”. (Ratu George Cakobau long ago came up with the theory that the cause of any European instability after a yaqona ceremony was the un wonted ordeal of sitting cross-legged on the floor for long periods).

Dr. Frater opens up a new vista of argument by ?. statement that he has found that the entire nervous system is affected and that the sensory responses are impaired.

When addressing the Fiji Society, Dr. Frater produced photographs and a Suva pathological laboratory report to show that there is a strong resemblance between “Kani”—the scaly skin sometimes noticeable on inveterate and long-established yaqona drinkers—and ichthyosis. He pointed out, however, that ichthyosis is an incurable skin disease, whereas a kani patient can be completely cured in four months by strict regulation of the amount of yaqona drunk, plus a full diet.

Dr. Frater said that he could not state the actual cause of kani, but it could be a vitamin deficiency due to a lack of absorption which in turn was due to the effects of a prolonged excess of yaqona.

In a subsequent discussion by members of the society, Mr. A. H.

Lester claimed that there was a dis tinct difference between a yaqona brew made from a dry root and that made from a green root. He held that the dry root was non-soporific and constipating, while the fresh root was soporific and laxative. An

other speaker disagreed and said that the only difference was that dry root yaqona was more concentrated.

The alleged antiseptic qualities of yaqona, the danger of spreading TB by the use of a common bilo (coco nut drinking-cup) and the strong Fijian belief that yaqona-drinkers escaped comparatively lightly in the 1918 influenza epidemic, were among the. points mentioned in the discus

sion, during which Mr. Lester was heard asking whether the human stomach received a yaqona-coating similar to that acquired by a long used tanoa (wooden yaqona bowl).

Nobody mentioned the tourist idea of kava, which is probably based on the inspiration of an American play of 50 years ago. This play, (Bird of Paradise ), featured kava as a sort of concentrated wood-alcohol.

The qualities of yaqona vary in different parts of Fiji. The brew concocted in some of the western districts of Viti Levu often has a slightly fuddling effect on European heads—a point on which most Fijians concur.

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Rubber Outlook:

pp. 63-64

Gloomy

In a survey of the rubber outlook in the March issue of New Com monwealth (which incorporates Crown Colonist ), the future of the natural industry for British Com monwealth producers is held to be “unrelievedly depressing.”

This opinion is apparently based on the inevitable outcome of the in evitable war between the natural and the synthetic products, a circum stance that has until now been staved off by one factor or another.

After 14 months of “price-freeze,” the United States has come back into the natural rubber market but this is not expected to help the posi tion much, as the trade believes that US strategic stockpile buying will cease about the middle of this year.

The British Government still main tains control of the consumption of natural rubber—rather oddly in the circumstances, comments New Com monwealth—but even if demand were permitted to take full charge of the situation, the natural industry would not be much better off because it cannot compete with synthetic in any price war. Synthetic is kept at 13 US cents per lb. below world price for natural rubber.

The American synthetic industry

has none of the problems of British Commonwealth producers in Malaya where banditry has forced the price of production up. And anew and important rival in the natural field is Indonesia where currency revalua tion and increased production has aided that country’s rubber industry.

American production of synthetic rubber is expected to be 900,000 tons in 1952, about a third greater than in 1951, but although consumption of rubber is increasing in the US, the consumption of natural rubber is not expected to expand. This, says New Commonwealth, must cast gloom over Malaya and the Sterling area generally.

Although rubber plays only a small part on the overall economy of the Pacific Islands, it is important in

Papua where it is the most valuable export. All of Papua’s rubber goes to Australia but past history has shown that in slump periods it has never been able to compete in price with Malayan rubber unless bolstered by Government levies or taxes. If the future for Malayan rubber is gloomy, then the future for Papuan rubber is in a similar sad state.

How rubber prices have slumped from the peak prices of about 16 months ago, is shown in Londort quotations in November 1950 of about A83d per lb, and in the quota tions of April 1952, when prices were down to A40fd per lb. (In Brisbane, in May, Colonel Murray, P-NG Administrator, ad vocated an Australian guaranteed price for Papuan rubber. He said

that if this were done. Papuan production would speed ahead. Unfortunately, the Australian economy can no longer afford the luxury of artificially maintained prices. Australians are told every day by someone that P-NG could supply all tropical needs, but John Citizen, who is still taking a hiding from inflated

prices, is not going to be interested, if he has to pay more for the privi lege of buying NG-grown. P-NG probably could in time supply all Australia’s tropical requirements, but a qualification should be added to all these statements:— if the Terri tory can produce them at world prices).

Advertisements & other items, pp. 63-64 (1 item)

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Juventin-Grolez Wedding

p. 64

Mademoiselle Doris Juventin, daughter of an old Tahiti family, was married to Monsieur Jean Grolez, of Lille, in the Catholic Cathedral, Papeete, on November 27, 1951. This photograph shows the bridal party leaving the church.

Advertisements & other items, p. 64 (1 item)

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p. 65

Fiji Trade Unions Form Federation And Re-elect Non-Unionist President

SUVA, April 30. rRTIFIED by a message of be nignity from the Fiji Commis sioner of Labour (Mr. C. S. Reay), the Fiji Industrial Workers’ Congress has just completed its first annual meeting.

Some people see in this federation of Fijian. Indian and other trade unions a national calamity, that may lead to storms and stresses parallel with the upheavals that occur in Aus tralia, New Zealand, Great Britain and the United States. But there has been nothing as yet, in the sober, moderate and dignified conduct of the congress to cause alarm.

Mr. Reay’s message summed up the congress as “a logical develop ment of the trade union movement in the Colony,” which had his support. He added that the federation will be the proper channel for dis cussing with the Government (and with any federation of employers which may emerge) labour issues of general application.

The Commissioner strongly com mended the work of the first presi dent. Mr. Ami Chandra, MA, Dip, Ed. (NZ), a non-unionist “whose work for the trade union movement has been selfless and whose motives and methods are in striking contrast to those of certain demagogues whose names have figured prominently in the trade union field overseas.”

An indication of the growing pres tige of the federation was given by the secretary of the large and capably-organised Fijian Stevedores’

Union (I. N. Daveta), who said that it was likely that at its next general meeting his union would decide to join the federation.

Among the strong unions which have already linked up are the Fijian Mine Workers, the Public Works De partment Employees, the Chini Maz dur Sangh (Sugar Labour Union), the Fiji Airport Employees, the Fiji Tim ber Workers and the Commercial Employees.

Mr. Ami Chandra was re-elected president and two Fijian officials, Basilic Mata and Tomasi Vunisina, were elected vice-president and secre tary-treasurer respectively.

Apart from those inclined to panic prematurely, moderates of all races are likely to regard the development of the federation with varying degrees of sympathy. The Congress has taken up such questions as the basic

wage (if such a thing exists in Fiji), pay according to the value of work performed, the training of workers for higher positions, and the housing of workers.

The only people likely to be agitated by this opening of questions which for some ten years have been causing a good deal of underground ferment, are the minority groups, European and Asiatic, which favour

cheap labour, and hang the conse quences.

At present all the indications are that Fiji’s trade union set-up will stay firmly on the rails so long as it is met with reasonableness and toler ance.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 65-66 (1 item)

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Magazine Section

pp. 67-68

The Canoe Builders

THE shark-fishing season is about to commence along the north east coast of New Ireland. Every young buck in the district professes to look forward with much eagerness to this exhilarating pastime.

But the canoes all belong to the old men, who are not as keen as they used to be; anyhow, their canoes are nearly all old and cracking up.

Savak, of the village of Fisoa, a man of middle age and large family who has had a canoe-making log in his banis (enclosure) for many moons, decided to take the bull by the horns and get the job completed.

The matter was decided for him, really, by the fact that his protege, a Tabar Island man named Lupui, and a great hunter, had that morning brought in two bush pigs that he had

speared.

This relieved Savak of the rather irksome job of netting fish on the reef for the big kaikai that must be provided when a number of men gather together to work on another’s canoe. The pigs brought in, and the workers invited to assist, Savak’s women were despatched hurriedly to the taro patches, and very soon they

were all squatting down over the mumu stones (native stone oven) preparing the taro-cake for the show.

It was at this stage that I, the in quisitive European who had settled amongst them and been with them in all their native pursuits for the past 6 months, arrived on the scene.

Counting those present, I found them to number 14, of whom three were actually working, old Melake and Baia chipping at the log—laboriously hollowing it out —Mairum nearby. 1 pointed out to Savak that it was surely a bit expensive having 14 men present with only three working.

“All ’e helpim me”, he assured me.

“And you yourself?” 1 questioned.

In utter bewilderment Savak looked at me. “But I don’t have to work”, he said finally. “I provide the kaikai ” —his idea of providing the kaikai apparently being that another chap should hunt the pigs (the dog certainly belonged to Savak, so he had some claim to them), his women-folk cook them and the taro, a third man butcher and prepare the pigs. And (he hoped) I should provide the tobacco.

All parts of the schedule went

OUR editor, who sometimes stores things away in a sort of literary deep-freeze, recently came upon this Island vignette in i filing-cabinet where it has lain for almost 20 years. It is dated October, 1932.

Apart from the fact that the large ocean-going canoes which were then fal ling into disuse are probably used even less today, it could have been published now, 20 years later, without any com ment. However, it is interesting to note that the author is still in Papua-New Guinea, much better known to-day than he was then. He is Mr. W. C. Groves, Director of Education in the Territory.

In October, 1932, he wrote from Fisoa Village, New Ireland, where he had gone six months previously on a fellowship to do anthropological field work and. as he says in his story, he had not until then seen anything of native village life.

The photograph, too, is an old one. We published it in our issue of August, 1932.

according to plan, except the last.

It was not my canoe, after all.

The scene of this working-bee, as the afternoon progressed, became interesting—more to the psychologist than the anthropologist.

Bokaf lies asleep on the sand, his belly full of pig after the first issue; Savak moons around, still explaining that his job is to entertain the workers; Balasam sits sucking his empty pipe, saying quite honestly and deliberately that he is there as a Saturday afternoon onlooker and critic. Mairum—the butcher—is busy disembowelling the second pig. tearing the innards out in a pool of blood; the dog stands expectantly by, tongue hanging out, eyes appealing, tail wagging its pride of achieve ment.

A group of young men arrive and dump young green drinking coco nuts called Kulaus. Miraculously, Bokaf awakens. Balasam finds his pipe no longer interesting; he picks up a native axe and pretends to chip at a part of the canoe. A slut dog comes near a dirty Kanaka mongrel, and handfuls of sand thrown at it drive it away.

Takmangaf, Savak’s flabby breasted, perspiring daughter, blouse discarded, bearing away the pig in its carved parts, comes over and pulls Savak’s pipe out of his mouth, going off sucking it herself.

Savak’s wife Avali, also sweat covered from the heat of the mumu oven, comes across and dumps their naked 1-year-old grandchild in his lap. Savak shouts out plaintively for

Sea-going Canoes

Bavas, his son-in-law, who fails to respond.

By now, everyone is drinking kulaus : all work has ceased. After a short swig at a kulau myself, I move off. As I go, I hear the ill used Savak saying complainingly: “How can a Kanaka be expected to build a canoe, and catch sharks for kaikai, when he has to do his women’s work as well as his own?”

Though I haven’t seen a great deal of native life before, I have no diffi culty in seeing a certain, similarity between this Kanaka scene and the domestic life of the Europeans of suburbia.

Dr. Carl Cilento, was married to Miss Diana Maitland, at St. Augus tine’s Church of England, Hamilton, Brisbane, on April 16. Dr. Cilento is the second son of Sir Raphael and Lady Cilento who are still affec tionately remembered by the older generation of New Guinea residents.

Sir Raphael was at one time Director of Public Health in New Guinea.

Crossquiz -No. 29

p. 68

(Solution on Page 78)

Across

I. —Which is the most southern county of England? 7. —What musical in strument is used for military signals? 8. —Of which country is Managua the capital city? 9. —What is the name of the duration or terms of tenure? 10. —Which is the most famous cricket ground of England? 11. —What word would describe an act contrary to nature, reason or common sense? 14.—What energy is released in the fission of an element? 16. —What is a period of time remarkable for important events? 17. —Who is the gloomy dean? 19. —Which great Eng lish poet wrote “The Ring and the Book”? 20. —Prom a religious point of view what is a wilful violation of law?

Down

I.—What is the standard unit of luminosity? 2 - —Which old musical instrument can fulfil the office of a magistrate? 3. Who was the chief of the “Lake Poets”? 4. What system of calculation was in vented by Napier? 5. What was the name for the ancient Irish writing?

6. —What is the name of a musical composition set to a poetical story? 7. what island group does Majorca belong? 12. —Which planet was discovered by Sir William Herschel? 13. —Who wrote “The Sentimental Journey’’? 14. —What was the name of a stuffed leather jacket worn under a coat of mail? 15. —ln what sarcastic form of speech or writing is the real meaning contra dictory to the expression? 18.—What international organisation re placed the League of Nations?

Rabaul, 68 Years Ago

pp. 68-69

By F. T. Goedicke Van Asten

When I arrived in New Britain In 1884, by S.M.S. Albatross, (Com mander Count von Baudisin) as an assistant to Mr. von Ortzen the Imperial German Commissioner for the Bismarck Archipelago, there were only 18 Europeans and 7 Samoan half-castes in the whole of New Britain and New Ireland.

In Mioko, in the Duke of York group, there was the German firm DHPG, with a manager, a clerk, a captain and an elderly man who was carpenter, boatbuilder and yardsman.

In the Duke of York islands there was Rev. Dr. George Brown.

On the Gazelle Peninsula, starting from the coast of the St.

George Channel, were three stations —Mouten, a Belgian; Dupre, a Frenchman and Behrens, a Ger man. All three had been members of the ill-fated “Marquis de Ray” expedition.

A few miles further on was Ralum, a trading station run by

Mrs. Farrell, formerly Mrs. For sayth, nee Emma Coe; she was called “Queen Emma’’ many years later, when she married Captain Kolbe.

When Farrell left New Britain to live m Sydney, Emma sent for her three sisters, Emy, Lily and Essy and her two brothers, Jerry and William. She also sent for Mr.

Richard Parkinson (who was married to her sister Phoebe) to be her manager. It was Parkinson (the writer of “Thirty Years in the South Seas”) who laid the founda tion of Emma’s wealth. He bought hundreds of acres of land from the natives for a mere song and planted coconuts, cotton, broom corn.

There was no trading station, nor any elaborate bungalow at Ralum at that time; but Emma and her family held open house for every visitor. They were enter tained by Emma’s sisters, fa’a Samoa dances, songs and the making of Kava.

Close to Ralum was Tobeliro, and a mile further on was Raluana where Rev. Rickards and his wife resided. Further on was Kinigunan, station kept by Mr. Robson; and in Matupi was the firm of Herscheim and Co.—with a manager, a clerk, a captain and a yardsman.

Beyond the Mother and Daughter volcanoes was Fatavul, where Bruno Rau kept a station, A few miles further was Kabakuda, and Charley Cook, one time proprietor of the International Hotel in Apia, Samoa.

Close by was the Catholic Mission, presided over by Father Gramalge.

In Kabaira, the German Firm’s best station was closed, as just prior to my arrival, Rob. Foelme had been killed by the natives of Kabaira.

There were no Europeans in New Ireland in 1884-1885. There had been a Tongan halfcaste, Jerry Nolans, trading in Nusa, New Han over for a Captain Levinson.

Nolans killed Captain Levinson. A German warship took Nolans to Nukualofa and handed him over to the Tonga Government, which exiled him to Nomuka-Eiki, a small island in Haapai.

The British Consul in Tonga made inquiries and found that the killing of Captain Levinson had been an accident, in self defence, and that the blame rested with Captain Levinson. The Tonga.

Government then released Nolans, who went to Nukualofa and became a first-class carpenter. It was Nolans who built the first hotel in the Tongan Islands, on the recom mendation of Mr. Charley Baker.

Premier of Tonga. It was a large two-storey house, and was a white elephant from the day it was built

(Continued on next page )

until it was torn down.

If I was 68 years younger I should like to take a trip to New Britain, and see all the changes made in those 68 years.

At that time there was no cash in circulation among the natives only Diwara, a shell-money. The natives of New Britain were still cannibals and had no use for kero sene, matches, salmon, corn beef, biscuits, sugar or drapery. The principal articles they required were twist tobacco, clay pipes, small mirrors, jews-harps, knives and axes.

Emma Farrell’s brothers and sisters were all the children of Jonas M. Coe, American Consul in Apia, but by different mothers.

Parkinson told me that Coe had been a great “Faith Healer” and believer in Brigham Young, the Mormon. I lived at that time at Tobeliro, next to Parkinson and Emma Farrell, and I was almost a daily visitor, playing cards for twist tobacco with the Coe family.

Tropicalities

pp. 69-76

“Communist” Godwits

AMUSEMENT was caused in Aus tralia in March by a Queensland politician who protested against pro tection of “Communist Godwits” which, he declared, fly down from Siberia each northern winter, fatten themselves on Australian crops, then return from whence they came, leav ing Australian farmers,the poorer for their visit.

This outcry raised a smile from Dr. R. A. Falla, noted ornithologist of the Dominion Museum, Welling ton, NZ, who hastened to point out that, far from the vast majority of Godwits which visit Australia and NZ being Reds, they actually are Yanks from Alaska. These Pacific Godwits migrate south via several routes as widely separated as the Cook Islands and Indonesia. But the Yanks far outnumber the Com munists in the great annual migra tion.

Grapes In; Trains Out

JOHN MASIVE of Bena Bena, NG Central Highlands, and Karese Manovaki of the Solomon Islands, raised about £6,000 for the SDA Mission during their recent three months in Australia. They toured with Pastor Eric Boehm, making appeals for funds, addressing meetings in Pidgin English (translated

by Pastor Boehm) and acting play versions of native life.

Before they left for home they visited the Sydney Royal Show and spent three weeks in Brisbane.

In Masive’s opinion the best things Australia has to offer are ice-cream and grapes. Could be.

Manovaki said that he did not like Sydney’s trains—“ . . . All the time stand up; no can sit down!” How true.

Honolulu Wash-Day

USUALLY, when the editors re ceive an old-time story from Oscar Nordman, in Tahiti, they read it carefully—so that they can pro duce it as their own at private parties —and then they tuck it coyly away in the wpb. But we’ll pass this one for publication.

Many years ago, when the Oceanic liners were running through Hawaii, one of the first to come aboard at Honolulu was Poco, a comely lass from Rarotonga, and a skilled laun dress. She was well paid to do the captain’s washing.

On one ocasion, the captain was a man who knew no Polynesian, and he asked Oscar Nordman, then one of the Purser’s staff, to come along and interpret Poco for him.

Business finished, the skipper showed a personal interest in Poco, and asked questions about her.

Captain (to Poco): Are you mis sionary? Do you go to Church?

Poco: From my waist up I am missionary. From my waist down I am no missionary.

Poco was half-way down the gang way before Oscar, with characteris tic tact and discretion, had completed the translation.

Dense Dogs And Swarming

Butterflies

FOND parents and relatives who send the letters of their travel ling offspring to the local paper probably should be publicly sup pressed. But the results—when in terpreted by the provincial press of Australia—bring a little golden sun shine to this dark world.

Recently a young man (a fellow feeling leads us to suppress his name), who went to the Wau district, NG, wrote to his people in the Bowral district of NSW and the local

newspaper made this out of it:— “He declares in his letter that there is a marked similarity be tween his present abode and this district, even to the point of the dense and numerous dogs to be encountered there.

“Mr. X, who was always in terested in our native fauna and flora, states that the beauty and colour of the island flowers are amazing. The butterflies are enormous and their colouring magnificent, and when they swarm resemble a giant rainbow in colour.”

Well, they say first impressions are always sharpest. We would like to bet that when he has been there two years the dense dogs and/or fogs will be remembered only for their nuisance value and the flowers and butterflies will have shrunk to quite normal size.

Fiji Legend

WHEN in Fiji some years ago, I visited Taveuni and the many places of interest there. On a plateau there was a small lake with clear water and near the edge of the lake a beautiful orchid was growing. An inscription near the plant said “Tangi Moce” (Crying Sleep).

I asked the Fijian girl who was with me why such a rare flower should have the name of Tangi Moce and she told me that years before whitemen went to Fiji a powerful Chief lived on the island, and had a lovely daughter, Tarana, who was loved by all. When her father told her she was to marry an old chief of another island, she re fused, saying that he had already many wives and that she did not like him.

Tarana’s heart had already been given to Saki, a commoner of the hills, and often when the moon was bright, she and four maids would creep away to meet him. This was madness on Tarana’s part, for one of the maids was jealous and informed her father. He, in a great rage, sent men to spear Saki and they let his body fall into the lake.

So, when Tarana and her maids went to the meeting place Saki was not there. Fear filled Tarana’s heart and she ordered the maids to return and tell her father that she was going into the hills to find Saki.

When they had gone she looked into the lake and there saw Saki’s body.

She dived in and brought him to the edge and pulling some of the flowers she decked her hair. She put lov ing arms around Saki, rolled into the

(Continued on page 72)

lake and lay there to drown.

When the maids informed the Chief that Tarana had gone he was angry and fearful. He hurried to the lake with some of his men and there saw the two lovers at the bottom of the clear water. The men brought them to the Chief and with cries he tried to separate the bodies but could not.

A grave was made near the orchid which grew at the side of the lake and the Chief told his men the orchid should be named “Tangi Moce”. Years later the inscription was placed on the plant, the roots of which grow intertwined, like the forms of Tarana and Saki.—VIOLET

Langdale.

Pitcairn Isolated?

WHO says Pitcairn is isolated?

The following large passenger liners are expected to call there dur ing May: Rangitane, Rangitata, Ruahine, Gothic, Motaroa and Corinthic.

Radio New Zealand, the New Zealand national short-wave station, keeps Pitcairn informed well in ad vance as to what to expect, and when.

Pearl

F ATELY a Sydney resident, havread our “debunking” of coco nut pearls (February, p. 61) hastened to bring one along for our inspection, just to prove that there are such things after all.

The pearl in question is of perfect drop shape, about 3/Bths of an inch long and i-inch in diameter at the shoulder; and, apart from a few rust coloured flecks on one side, is of a dead-white colour, completely lack ing the usual lustre and translucence of a good oyster pearl. It is un doubtedly a very fine coconut pearl, and was brought from Thursday Island about 20 years ago.

But, on the question of what a coconut pearl really is, we now quote from an acknowledged authority, Louis Kornitzer, who, after many years as a pearl buyer in all parts of the world, has written the following in his autobiography, “Pearls and Men,” published in 1935: If anyone tells you that he owns a coco-nut pearl, you need not dis believe him, though his treasure has certainly not come from the coco nut palm. For, in some parts—though why I do not know—the white variety of conch-pearl is so called.”

Kornitzer says that conch-shell

pearls are common on the Indian coast, off Florida, and in the Baha mas. They are usually pure white, or pink with white, irridescent speckles.

Pending the arrival of any sworn affidavits from coconut producers to the effect that pearls are a profit able sideline of their copra driers, we respectfully suggest that Dr. R.

M. Stevenson, MD, PhD, FRS, writer of the article quoted in February, has himself been misled by the name and that there is emphatically no such thing as a pearl from a coco nut.

Pig, Outward-Bound

THE master of the Fiji Medical Department’s work-boat Vuniwai reported encountering an unusual seafarer on the ocean last January.

While en route from Beqa to Kadavu the Vuniwai overhauled a prime porker, headed for an undis closed destination and two miles from the nearest land. The skipper was decent enough to give the daring mariner a lift to Kadavu. Passengers are still speculating as to whether the passage was inspired by the migratory urge, the memory of a Porkeress residing on Viti Levu, or a belief in suicide. Just what the Fiji sharks were doing on that day re mains a mystery.

Operation Mystery

IT is calculated that something like a mile of sausages flew by TEAL Solent from Auckland to Suva in early April. There was a whole ton of them and sausage experts say that that means 10,000 individual sausages each measuring, on an aver age, six inches. Work the rest out for yourself.

The übiquitous sausage usually goes by the name of “snag” in Aus tralia but we understand that in more refined countries they are sometimes called “mysteries.” Australian varie ties are both a snag and a mystery but even when manufactured by the local butcher are now in the million aire class.

Suva must be mighty fond of them to go to the length and expense of air-freighting. Must be expecting an influx of wealthy dollar tourists this year.

Nasty British Trick

BURSTING with what he appar ently believed was an almighty scandal, a Fiji Indian wrote a letter to the local press alleging that the Government of Fiji was using hurri cane relief funds to replace Govern

ment officials’ cars which had been wrecked in the hurricane.

The correspondent added that In dians in New Zealand who had made relief donations had said that they intended their money to go to Indian sufferers and “not to provide cars for English people.” It was, he claimed, another example of the way in which the English grabbed from the Indians.

Almost simultaneously came publi cation of a Government denial, which stated that relief funds had been used for nothing of the sort. Two or three officials, who were on duty during the hurricane, had lost their cars. The wrecks had been sold, and the Government had advanced (not given) enough money to buy replace ments. (The officials, presumably, had had advances to buy cars in the first place). Relief funds had noth ing to do with it.

The general impression is that if another one like that comes up, a curious, mushroom-shaped cloud may be expected to rise- from the Govern ment Buildings.—J.K.

Tahiti Please Note

TAHITI and other Pacific “Para dises” trying to promote tourist traffic might take a cue from Japan.

A tourist restaurant in the pearl ing centre of Mie conceived the bright idea of putting an occasional valuable pearl in the soup. This was so successful that a rival concern organised an even brighter idea; Patrons are invited to chalk their name on a live oyster shell. A seed pearl is then inserted, and the shell put back in the sea fronting the res taurant. The patron is then invited! to return in a few years to collect; his pearl.

A Difference In Titles

IN Auckland, in March, when the; Anglican Bishop in Polynesia,, the Rt. Rev. L. S. Kempthorne, metJ the Bishop of Melanesia, the Rt. Rev..

S. G. Caulton, a curious difference; in titles was noticed. The former is* the Bishop in Polynesia: the latten {he Bishop of Melanesia. The ex planation is quite interesting. Whenr Bishop Kempthorne was in Sydney ini mid-1945 attending a conference of) Pacific Bishops, he said that hiss diocese was one of about 1\ million r square miles—most of it sea; it took) in Fiji, Samoa, Cook Island, Tonga,, Society Islands, Gilbert and and a few other oddments. Thee “In” was used originally to show thee French administrators that the Bishopc had no territorial ambitions—that! he was in Polynesia, rather than of! (Continued on page <4) (

Is It “L” Or “R”?

According to a newspaper report. Dr. C, E. Fox, of the Melanesian Mission, said recently that the correct spelling of the big island in the Solomons is Guadal canal “but in recent years the final letter has become T, because that is the way the Americans spelt it when campaigning there in 1942-43.”

This is a subject of argument, over the years. The Bishop Museum Index, published in 1900, says: “Guadacanar, the Guadacanal of Gallego and Mendana, who dis covered it in April, 1568.” Fairfield Osborn’s compilation, The Pacific World, published 1944, says: “Guadalcanal is really Guadalcanal meaning a dry river bed, and named after a city in Spain”, However, now that the name of the island has become part of the history of World War 11, there seems to be general agreement that it shall terminate with an “1”.

No Objections To These

Jap Migrants

WHILE the subject of admitting Japanese pearl shell divers is likely to remain a contentious one, Australians are welcoming another class of Japanese migrant with open arms—or mouths! The migrant? No other than the Japanese oyster itself.

It seems that, the famous “Sydney Rock” having refused to thrive south of the N.S.W.-Victoria border, Aus tralia’s Department of Scientific and Industrial Research has turned to Japan for the Pacific oyster (Gryphea gigas) which the Americans since the war have already successfully trans planted to the U.S. Pacific Coast.

First unsuccessful attempt to bring the Pacific oyster from Japan was in 1940. Then came the war, and the experiment was halted until 1947.

Then 15,000 seed oysters, brought south in a cooler at 50 degrees, and hosed at frequent intervals, arrived in fair condition, 60 per cent, sur viving the voyage. Sent by air to Oyster Harbour, near Albany, W.A., , and to Pittwater, Tas., they were planted out.

The West Australia crop promptly died, but the Tasmanians thrived to produce new generations in the past three summers, in the cold southern waters.

More parent oysters will soon be coming from Japan to extend the beds which give promise of a pros perous new industry for the Southern State. Tasmania already is famous for its scallops, which are found often on the menus of leading hotels and restaurants in the other State capitals.

Bosun Bird

p. 70

V. N. Serventy tells us something of the:

THE old-time sailors gave the Bosun Bird its name because it was said to have a marlin-spike in * ts tad - .

The marlin-spike referred to the two tail streamers, shown clearly in the photograph above as the birds come in to land. They are two 18inch long feathers, projecting from of the tail.

Three kinds of Bosun Bird are known and of these, two occur off me Australian coast. The White- 1 ailed species breeds on cliffs on many of the islands of the South- West Pacific. The Red-Tailed prefers flat ground but is found in the same area The photographs are of the Red- Tailed kind.

The bird is easily recognised by its snowy white plumage, the daggerlike beak and the long tail streamers.

The feathers of the back are lightly powdered with a rosy flush which makes the creature one of the most attractive of the sea birds. In size, it is about the same as a domestic fowl- Around mating time, islands act as a magnet for these birds who suddenly appear out of the blue and quickly cover the whole available nesting area. Nest, however, is a bit of a misnomer as no building is undertaken as in the case with land bi rds.

First comes a vigorous courting. the males fighting for their mates, and then the happy couples settle down for a brief honeymoon, as shown in our top right picture.

Second—the result. The egg laid upon the bare ground. Once it

appears the toil becomes unremitting and many weeks elapse before family duties are over.

Third—Just sitting. Both Mama an( j p a pa Bosun take turns at sitting on t h e egg while the other partner g oes to search for food. About five weeks elapse before the egg hatches, Bosun birds are very clumsy on the ground and before coming in to l an d search the ground very carefully f or enemies. Once they are down, taking off again is a very laborious business. r TT j T u u . f° u ? h — : Happy day. ?! e ? g ? s hatched and a fluffy chick is the result. One parent guards the tiny ?“?? ster fi ? ile the other !s away catching fish.

Fifth Mama (or is it Papa?) and Junior, who now has consider ably less down and more feathers and a much bigger appetite. At this stage, mother and father are absent for lon g periods, only coming in to feed the youngster, Sixth—Junior now is about three months old and is almost ready to take the air. He has lost his down and has acquired his teenage plumage of black-barred feathers. He still looks quite different from his parents and will not have his full suit of snowy-white, with a rose-pink dusting on the back feathers until the next season.

Once he is able to fly, he deserts the dangers of the island for the safety of the sea. He will return only when nesting days commence in the following season. He will then be fully adult, So the cycle is complete.

Tahiti’S

p. 71

Fashoda

A Memory of 1900 As Told By Grandma Julia Nordman To R. W. Robson

TO-DAY, the average Britisher can no more imagine his country at war with France than he can visua lise an armed conflict with the United States. The things which unite Britain and France are so many; and there are so few matters about which we might conceivably go a-feudin’.

But is was not ever thus. For a thousand years, up until the Battle of Waterloo, 137 years ago, Eng land and France were almost always fighting each other. A score of an cient saws and proverbs bear witness that an Englishman, when he thought of an enemy, thought of a French man, Frenchmen, no doubt, thought of Englishmen in the same way. In fact, if you go out to a pleasant corner of Tahiti you will find evidence that, only fifty years ago, French sentiment towards England was not exactly friendly.

There is an amusing and interest ing story here. It was told only the other day, at a gay party in Papeete.

Every year, on January 29, the Nordman family gather at dinner, to do honour to the birthday of Grand ma Julia Nordman. And on each occasion, old Mrs. Nordman tells the family a story, based on some event in her long life in Oceania. Last January 29, she was 87 years old; and she told this story of why an area in the Fautaua Valley is called “Fashoda” by some of the older families.

About the turn of the century, France and Britain had been squab bling over African colonial Terri tories; and there was an argument over one particular boundary, in Central Africa, which seemed to get under the skin of both English and French. When Kitchener defeated the Khalifa at Omdurman, the French evacuated Fashoda, a large town on the White Nile, 450 miles south of Khartoum. In 1899, Colonel Mar chant, a fiery Frenchman, reoccu pied Fashoda, and British forces, under General Stanley, approached Fashoda, with a view to throwing him out. There was intense feeling in Britain and France, and war was averted by a miracle.

TTHIS expectation of war was re fleeted in the French territory of Oceania. There was no Panama Canal then; Tahiti therefore was France’s most distant and isolated colony, and in danger of early seizure by the surrounding British.

But the Governor visualised no

tame surrender. Big guns were mounted on Faiere Hills, overlook ing Papeete Harbour. So that they might not be trapped in the coastal strip of Papeete, the Governor had a road constructed up the Fautaua Valley, and batteries were put in position there—and a suitable resi dence built for His Excellency.

All available men were drilled and trained. Preparations were made for a long resistanc. The whole popula tion was on the qui vive.

THERE came into Papeete a well known barquentine, the Tropic Bird, under Captain Jackson. Her English company knew nothing of impending war, and obviously could not care less; but the official French were suspicious and unfriendly.

But there was no lack of warmth in the welcome given certain officers of the Tropic Bird by Titi Peroni.

Since that day, fifty years have passed, and there have been many Belles of Papeete; but the veterans insist still that there never has been one to compare with the bewitching Titi, who was Belle of Papeete in 1900.

Titi spent that evening aboard the Tropic Bird. Relations were cordial; proceedings were convivial; the hos pitable bowl passed freely. Titi’s hosts found that her favourite bever age was rum; and so she got a lot of rum.

Titi told them that Papeete was ready to repel the English warships.

The Englishmen had been in out-of the-way places, and were surprised to hear of international tension. But they played up to Mademoiselle.

They assured her that when war came, they would personally invade Papeete and carry her off, as a special and cherished prisoner.

Titi reacted warmly to rum and affection. When, at a late hour, she left the ship, she pirouetted on the gangway, and staggered slightly on the wharf.

As she recovered, she faced the open sea. Then she stopped, as if shot, and stared wildly towards the Pass. Away out beyond the reef there was a double line of lights.

“Les Anglais! Les Anglais!” shrieked Titi, pointing wildly at the lights. Then she turned and ran swiftly into the town.

“La flotte Anglais!” she yelled, and in a few minutes she was surrounded by excited townspeople. Like wild

fire, the news spread that an English squadron was approaching the en trance to the port.

THE Governor took personal charge. Gendarmes tried to calm the excited populace. The naviga tion lights, giving the guide to the Pass, were extinguised; the town’s lights followed; persons were for bidden to smoke in the dark streets; the batteries were hurriedly manned.

It was a night of acute anxiety; but there was no sign of English ships.

The Governor became suspicious.

Whence had come the report of an approaching enemy? He got only a vague story of lights seen out at sea.

When dawn came, Papeete’s fisher men returned to port. Yes, they said, they had been fishing off Papeete all night—a score or more of them. Each boat carried a light.

High officialdom cursed softly. The hurriedly organised defence personnel were sent home for some sleep.

Orders under which part of the gubernatorial establishment had been headed for the Fautaua Valley were cancelled.

Two officials presently tracked the story back to Titi Peroni, and then sought audience with her at her resi dence. But the Belle of Papeete was in no mood for interrogation. She insisted that she was very ill, and bore shrill witness to the foulness of English liquor. Yes, she had seen lights—millions of lights. But her head—it was of a painfulness in describable!

The officials shrugged, and left her. She should have been arrested; but, after all she was very charm ing, was their Titi—even under a hang-over induced by “Rhum Anglais.”

“And that is why that plateau in the Fautaua Valley, where the guns and the Governor’s residence were mounted, is still called Fashoda,” concluded Grandma Nordman, The next toast was “To 137 years of Anglo-French peace”—but they drank it in the good wine of France, and not in “Rhum Anglais.”

Mr. Kent-Hughes, Australian Minister for Works and Housing, visited Bulolo, travelling from Lae by road, on March 29. He was accompanied by Mr. D. Rooner, Director of Works and Housing, Port Moresby, and Mr. G. Griffiths of the same department from Lae. Wau residents were disappointed that the Minister did not visit Wau for any length of time, so that they could air their grievances.

Pacific

pp. 72-73

Cadet

Amusing Story From ‘Corona’ By Sir Arthur Grimble, KCMG

IWAS nominated to a cadetship in the Gilbert and Ellice Is lands at the end of 1913. The cult of the great god Jingo was as yet far from dead. Dominion over palm and pine (or whatever else happened to be far-flung) was still, for a vast number of Englishmen, the heaven-conferred privilege of the bulldog breed.

Your uncles all said you’d never be a leader, my boy, if you weakened on that point. The Colonial Office said, more guarded ly, that you could hardly pass your probation as a Cadet unless you showed qualities of leadership.

Did Downing Street mean the same thing as your uncles? Well at least my Resident Commissioner on Ocean Island did not. Not for Cadets, anyhow. He told me at our first interview that he didn’t want any of that heaven-born stuff from me, please. It would suit him best if I were to confine myself severely to learning just a few things not yet revealed to Cambridge or the Colonial Office.

I was the first of the species Cadet to be injected into the Cen tral Pacific, he continued: I should find a number of competent people more than eager to teach me what was truly what. By way of facili tating their business, he had de cided to make me everybody’s bottle-washer in turn.

I was a mild young man, and it was a great relief to me.

“Everybody” meant, first, the Re sident Commissioner, an expert on the Secretary of State’s business; second, the Chief Clerk, an expert on the Resident Commissioner’s; third, the Head Accountant and Customs Officer, an expert on the Chief Clerk’s; and last, the Officer in-Charge of Police and Prisons, who did practically everything for all of us but didn’t talk about it.

Between the four of them I was kept pretty busy at the various paper routines, but there were also outside jobs to learn. No Public Works Department existed in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands at that time. District Officers had to un dertake quite a number of small building ope".; dons for themselves, and the idea was to get me a bit educated in such matters before I began to run away with Empire building on a large scale.

It was a very good idea indeed, and I liked it, but it occasionally cost the taxpayers a lot of money.

Take, for example, the case of the Res’dency cistern.

Water was a problem on Ocean

Island, and they were trying to meet it when I arrived. One of the first odd jobs I had to learn was how to blast twenty foot pits in the rocky earth for laying down concrete storage tanks. The actual work wasn’t difficult. You got someone to drill holes in the rock; you pushed sticks of gelignite, with de tonators and fuses attached, into the holes; then you tamped them in, lit the fuses, and ran for your life, I chose the Residency back-yard for my first independent blasting operation, a tank had been ordered for it. My only real mis takes were that I chose a Satur day afternoon, warned nobody, and used 300 per cent, too much gelig nite. The immediate result was an explosion of volcanic force.

The surface of the back-yard rose bodily into the air, and boulders of gigantic size fell crash ing through the Residency roof into the dining room. The Resident Commissioner and his lady were taking their siesta at the time.

They addressed me at once, and both at once, from the verandah, in their underclothes. I could not help feeling that the things they said of me were extraordinarily true. It was time I learned about the Customs.

The Customs work on that reef bound island could be exciting, be cause it took in. as a side-line, the landing of mails and small cargo for the Government. Our boat’s crews were made up of hand picked Ellice Islanders. There are no better oarsmen in the world, and nothing less than all their skill was needed in rough weather. The ships lay out in an unsheltered bay; the entrance to the boat harbour was a narrow passage blasted through the reef, wide open to the ocean swells. In the wes terly gales that blew up between September and March, the passage became a hell’s cauldron of raging surf and snarling back-suck.

TWO days before Christmas, 1914, a trading steamer bound for the Gilbert Group came wallowing into the bay and sig nalled about 4 p.m. that she had on board a new porcelain bath and three cases of whisky for the Resi dency. Would we take delivery at once, please, as a westerly blow was starting and the captain wanted to make for Tarawa that night.

The boat-passage looked awful to me. I certainly should not have tackled it ordinarily, but, as a

matter of fact, the whisky wasn’t only for the Resident Commis sioner: it was for everyone on the Government Station. The cheeri ness of our Christmas festivities was at stake. I had in mind what my four masters would say to me if the stuff wasn’t landed. So out we went.

We found the porcelain bath al ready waiting for us in the ship’s slings. Have you ever tried to catch a bath in a boat from a ship that’s rolling twenty degrees? There it goes at one moment, hurtling up and away from you, as the vessel wallows to windward; and there it comes now, roaring down at you with the whole ship’s side, as she takes her leeward lurch. There’s just an occasional moment or two between rolls when you can snatch it on board without scuppering yourself.

We waited half an hour for our chance in that brutal seaway; but we did get away with it when it came, thanks to the superb boat’s crew. I was so braced with the thing that I actually enjoyed shoot ing the boat-passage on the way home.

“This is the life,” I thought, as I opened a note that was waiting for me on the boat-jetty. The Resident Commissioner had watched us through his telescope. He had written to congratulate and thank all of us. “And please,” his letter ended, “have the whisky brought straight up to the Residency, and join us in'a drink.”

It was the proudest moment of my life —except that the whisky wasn’t there. In the excitement about the bath, I had left the ship without it.

There was only one thing to be done.

Dusk was falling as we got out to the ship again. I was greeted by a torrent of abuse for holding her up, but we got the three cases aboard somehow. Then, off we started on the homeward pull . . . and we pulled, and we pulled, and we pulled, and we gained not a yard shorewards. No boat’s crew in creation could have made it against that current. We were in the wrong end of the tide-rip that was scouring the bay. We found ourselves being swept round a point into the open Pacific.

In the end, after dark, the ship had to take us all on board, and we slept the night there. It was only three o’clock the next after noon that the weather abated, and the captain got rid of us. The ship was standing away round the point as we landed.

“Well,” I thought, “we’ve done the trick anyhow. It’s Christmas Eve, and here we are with the goods,” Yes. that again could have (Continued Next Page)

iroved one of my life’s high noments —if the whisky had been here. But it wasn’t. The boat aptain and I scrabbled wildly hrough every nook of the boat, )ut it just wasn’t there.

And then the piteous truth came »ut. Two men of that devoted crew lad risked a lot the night before o get the liquor safely back on the hip when I had left the boat. }nly, they had forgotten to say o before our return to shore.

Not a thing more could be done ibout it now. There was the whisky nerrily steaming away to Tarawa.

When I got to the Residency, the rhole Government staff, with wives ittached, was waiting to greet me. rhey cheered me from the front teps as I approached. They lapped me on the back. They vere waiting to divide the whisky.

Vas it following me up at once?

JLy word, young Grimble, they aid, we’ll drink the first one for t>u when it arrives . . . but let he curtain fall.

Ninigos

pp. 73-81

H. R. WAHLEN tells How:

I Repopulated The

A COUNTRY’S greatest asset is its population. A heavy responsi bility lies upon a Government which bas to look after a population of un :ivilised natives, living under poor :onditions. As soon as such natives :ome into contact with the civilised vorld there is a decline in population, >wing to sickness not known before md brought in by the Europeans.

When I took over the Western islands of New Guinea, in 1902, most )f the atolls were very thinly popu ated, with the exception of Maty iWuvulu) and Durour (Aua) islands.

Fhe Hermit atoll, with its wonderful larbour, was in former years a head itation for whalers and, later on, the veil-known trading firm of J. C. jodefroy & Sons opened a trading tation there and recruited labourers or their plantations in Samoa.

Quite a lot of natives, who had >een in Samoa, were suffering from ;lephantiasis and other infectious ill lesses in the Hermits, as well as in he Anchorites; and when I arrived, mly 64 natives were living in the Permits, and 36 in the Anchorites— nostly in a very poor state of health, asked for advice from the medical

authorities and the opinion was that it would not be possible to raise the population again on these two atolls, so I left them alone.

IN the Anchorites only one child —a small boy of about 9 years, with the name of Bullukau—was living among the old people. I took him to Maron as houseboy for Wahlenburg. When I called again at the Anchorites the father of Bul lukau told me that his mother had died, and he handed over to me the well-polished skull of Bullakau’s mother and asked me to give it to his son Bullakau, which I did.

Bullukau took the skull, and wept bitterly. I put the skull on a cup board in my office where it stood high and dry. Always, when Bul lukau entered the office, he glanced with a smile at the skull of his mother, and he was very thankful that 1 looked after his mother so well.

In former times these Hermit people, like those in the nearby Admiralties, were quite an enter prising race. Many years ago a brigantine passed the Hermits and the captain went on shore with two of his sailors, to get fresh water. The natives killed them, and went on board and killed the rest of the crew.

After that, they took all the goods on shore, and sank the vessel. In Europe, the owners regarded the ship as lost.

The crime of the natives was dis covered by a trader of Godefroys’ when he found a small book, bearing the name of a sailor on the brigan tine. After his report, the German warboats Hyaene and Albatross bombarded the village on the island of Louf; but little damage was done, as the natives were hidden in the caves of Louf. When the sailors went on shore, they could not find

any natives. The only thing they

could do was to burn down the village. As the NW season was just starting, many natives died before the village was rebuilt.

T'HE natives of the Ninigo group -*• are similar to the Micronesian type. When I started the establish ment of plantations about 400

North of the New Guinea mainland, and some hundreds of miles westward of the Admiralty group, lie the Northwestern Islands—small, widely-scattered islands, chief of which are the three atoll forma tions known as the Hermits, the An chorites and Ninigo.

Until the turn of the century, the only contact which these islands had had with Europeans—whalers, casual traders, black birders—was represented by bloodshed, disease and depopulation. Then, exactly fifty years ago, they were adopted by a famous German planter and trader, Hein rich Rudolph Wahlen. For many years, he reigned there as uncrowned king. On Maron islet, in the Hermit atoll, he built a fine house, which he called “Wahlen burg.” Old hands still talk of his colour ful life, and his Eastern hospitality.

A few months ago, we discovered that Herr Wahlen was still alive, and a resi dent of Hamburg. He has survived two World Wars and, though advanced in years, he is well and a keen student of world affairs. Following an interesting correspondence, he has sent us this ar ticle. embodying some of his memories of the Northwestern Islands.

natives were living there, but I could engage only a few boys as labourers. 1 had to recruit natives from New Guinea—wild cannibals, who were greatly disliked by the Ninigo people.

I explained that I had to engage these wild people because there were so few natives in the whole Ninigo group for use as labourers.

I asked the chief, Hallokonin, why the women did not get more children, who would be labourers on the plantations later on, and in such a case it would be not necessary to recruit labourers in New Guinea, and bring these wild cannibals here.

Hallokonin became quite indig nant, and answered that this was not the fault of the men but of the women, who ate a fruit of the virgin forest and, after that, they would not get a child.

When I heard this I at once in structed my overseer, J. Devlin, an old, good-hearted Irishman, to find this most interesting fruit; but he was not successful as the women refused to bring it, “Well,” I said to Hallokonin, “the white man does not allow his wife to eat such fruit. If she does, she will be hanged.”

Hallokonin at once undertook to hang all the women of the Ninigo group.

When I interrupted, and pointed out that in such a case no more children would be born, he agreed again.

I then made the proposal that the {Continued on page 77)

vomen be invited to get children. I aid I would pay, for every child, ifter the birth, a sum of 5/- in ;oods.

Hallokonin became quite excited, md was sure that this was the emedy and that many children could >e expected. Every child born in the *4inigo group had to be considered is capital for me. The more natives n the group, the less labourers I had o recruit elsewhere.

After six months, I visited N ini go igain on my fine MS Maron, and vhen I came near the station, on he island of Longan, 1 saw many :anoes under sail for Longan. doming on shore, Hallokonin greeted ne on the pier, and was delighted o tell me that all the Ninigo women vere going to have children.

I followed him up to the station vhere about 50 women were lined jp. As I passed along the line, I vas convinced that Hallokonin had spoken the truth.

The next vessel brought a medical issistant to Longan, with orders Tom me to settle all the natives on me islet of the atoll, help them to mild houses and roads, control heir health, and encourage them to ncrease the population.

My experiment was a complete success. The fee I promised was paid as soon as it was due, and the latives were very happy.

SOME time ago, London friends sent me an article from the London Sunday Times, with a description of the Wuvulu (Maty) natives. These are Micronesians, mixed with Malayan blood. Al though the report in the Sunday Times is a little exaggerated these Wuvulu natives are indeed a wonder fully good-looking people. When I first landed there—after they had killed a trader—they called me “the man on board of a ship”—believing that, except Wuvulu and Aua no land existed elsewhere, and I had to live always on board of a ship. I brought iron tools to Wuvulu; up to then they used shell tools.

The salute of these Wuvulu folk was “Watschi watschi viga”, which means “I love you”. This is not the exact translation, but the meaning.

These natives lived in a paradise.

The men wore no clothes, the women only a leaf, like Eve, A red hibiscus flower, and frangi-panni in their long black hair made them look beautiful. The war cry of the

Wuvulu woman was love, love and again love.

Many natives were living there when I first visited the islands. But, on account of intermarriage, the race had degenerated, and had to be mixed with stronger races. I en gaged strong and big Solomon Islands men, sent them to Wuvulu, and married them to the pretty girls.

Both sides seemed very happy; the girls loved the strong men, and the boys the lovely girls. The rising

generation was a little bit darker, but stronger.

THE NG Government, said the article in the Sunday Times, is considering it must do something to stop the decline of the people. I must say it is rather late for this apprehension. The decline had al ready started in my time and since then—in the last 30 years—nothing seems to have been done.

The real weakness of New Guinea,

considered in relation to its great natural wealth, is its small popula tion. When development was planned in German times, we often debated as to where to go in the future for labourers for the planta tions and many proposals were made.

We thought we might allow the immigration of Chinese, Indonesians

and Indians, with the condition that they serve for three years as labour ers on the plantations and, if desired, they could then become landowners in Southern New Ireland where, many years ago, the Marquis de la Ray settlement was founded.

Or they could go to the Highlands of New Guinea. To-day, it seems

impossible to introduce these races, and the labour supply is getting more and more a very serious problem.

The Australian Government has; not done much to solve this question.

On the contrary, the official way of treating these NG people of the Stone Age has spoiled the natives altogether. When wages are asked of £4, and paid up to £2 per month, the profit of any enterprise will soon

iminish, and the development of the ountry will be prevented, so that it fill become a burden for the home ountry.

Since 1914, the conditions in the forld have changed altogether. New Guinea, at that time very little nown, now occupies an important osition as a defender of the Western ountries against the East. The line xtends from Japan through the 'hilippines and New Guinea to umatra and Ceylon.

Japan and the, Philippines are pro ved by USA. Australia, alone, annot protect New Guinea. Here, Iso, USA will have to help. USA, s the most interested Power in the acific, has to carry the greatest part f the burden involved in the defence f the Pacific.

Would it not be advisable to invite ISA to take an interest in the idministration of the Trust Terri >ry of New Guinea? Ought not the Americans to show some interest in le fate of Dutch New Guinea?

Advertisements & other items, pp. 73-76 (3 items)

71

ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY, 1952

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Fiji Indians And Birth

LTOUNG Mr. R. B. Nathu, of Suva, ■- Fiji,—he is a staff man in an nport agency—made an interesting smark in Perth, WA, late in April, le had been to India to bring his oung bride back to Fiji, and he was iterviewed by a reporter.

Asked about trends in India, Mr. fathu said that the growing popula on was an ever-increasing problem lere. “The Indian Government is ow most active in encouraging irth-control, and it is becoming quite opular with the masses,” he added.

The gravest social and economic roblems are developing in Fiji be ause of the phenomenal birth-rate f the Indian community there. Al :ady, the Indian population (135,000) 10,000 ahead of the Fijian popula on. Sir Brian Freeston, the late rovernor of Fiji, caused a stir when e said, quite frankly, a couple of ;ars ago, that Indian birth-control ;emed to be the only solution; but ic idea is now receiving considera on in Fiji.

It must receive consideration soon, 3t only in India, but in Asia gener ly. Asia’s masses are now increas g far faster than the available food

supplies. At this moment a famine, caused by drought, is killing about five million people in India.

XI „ . “ , , The New Guinea Director of Forests, Mr. J. McAdam, told an Australian timber conference recently that ’ by su PP lyin g Australian storage battery-makers with 400,000 super feet of P ine «<*». f° r as separators, and for veneer, New Guinea had saved Australia at least 100,000 dollars. Without that pine f ro m Morobe, Australia would have

had to buy lumber from North America.

A total of nearly £.22,000 was collected in Papua-New Guinea for the Mt. Lamington Disaster Relief Fund. Most of this amount has al ready been paid out for the relief of dependents of the victims. Final dis tribution of the remaining funds is now in progress. Mr. Justice R. T.

Gore, who is the President of the Fund’s Committee, expects to make an announcement shortly about the winding up of the Fund.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 77-80 (5 items)

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ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY, 1952

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Representatives for BURNS PHILP TRUST CO. LTD., QUEENS- LAND INSURANCE CO. LTD., and LLOYD’S OF LONDON. Agents for SOCIETE DES PETROLES SHELL DES ILES FRANCAISES DU PACIFIQUE, and numerous overseas manufacturers of all classes of merchandise.

Sydney Agents: BURNS. PHILP & CO.. LTD., 7 Bridge St.

San Francisco Agents: BURNS-PHILP CO. OP SAN FRANCISCO INC., 215 Market St.

London Agents: BURNS. PHILP & CO., LTD., 35 Crutched Friars, E.C.3.

& *vOUR o A

PACIFIC-

“BLUE SUPERB”

Fine and All Good Bakers Use “Blue Superb” Flour Contact Your Local Agent: C. L. HARRISON TRADING CO., Suva, Fiji.

A. McDONALD, Apia, Western Samoa (For Samoa and Tonga).

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Flour Millers, Smith St., Summer Hill, Sydney, Australia.

A. B. DONALD

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AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND

ISLAND TRADERS AND GENERAL

MERCHANTS

P.O. Box 1509. Cables and Telegrams: “Kingdom,” Auckland.

77

PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY, 1952

HOW I REPOPULATED THE

N INIGOS

(Continued from page 71)

Solution to Crossquiz

Page 66

Let tjom Home, aMjc

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[?]Lora-Belle, The Bride

p. 81

Doll

"AO you remember Christine? She is -‘'the creation of Miss Alice M. Booth f Sydney and we told you about her Everal years ago.

Christine, of course, was a doll and in er little book about her. Miss Booth jld up-and-coming young needlewomen f seven or eight or 10 or so how to dress er. There were patterns for her out t and stitch-by-stitch directions, hristine was a great success.

Miss Booth has now brought out an ther little book which she has called Here Comes the Bride,” which is about bride-doll called Flora-Belle—a seven r eight inch tall, blonde beauty who an be bought in places like Woolworths >r about 3/-. The life-story of Flora lelle and something about her young wner, Minna, is all there and so are atterns for Flora-Belle’s wedding dress nd trousseau and fur topper and going way dress and hat, plus directions for ewing them.

Miss Booth’s Christine had . the blessing f Education Departments in Australia nd found its way into British and Linerican schools and even Buckingham ’alace. Flora-Belle should be a similar access. Miss Booth’s books were •rimarily designed for sick, crippled or utback children but the reaction of most ittle girls (and big ones) on receiving it dll be to hunt out mother’s scrap-bag nd get going with scissors and needle.

Here Comes the Bride is 4/3 (Aus ralian) post free. You may buy it from diss Booth direct. Her address is PO Box 3, North Sydney, NSW.

M. Charpon, Inspector General of

’ublic Education in New Caledonia,

isited Fiji and Tahiti in April.

NGG Progress

p. 81

WAIT, April 16.

Two directors of New Guinea Goldfields Ltd., Messrs. G. Cowper and G. Carter, accompanied by their wives, recently visited Wau on business.

For the first time in the company’s history, meetings were held locally and several decisions reached.

The company is progressing with work

on the cyanide mill and extra bungalows for married men will be built near the Golden Ridges mill. When extra miners are engaged it is hoped to raise the monthly output considerably.

Dr. lan Schneideman has been appointed a Medical Officer under the Melanesian Mission, and will take up duly at Fauabu, Solomon Islands.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 81-82 (2 items)

79

•ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY, 1952

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DOCTORS AND NUTRITION

EXPERTS agree that although we v are blessed with an abundance of f°°d, “Hidden Hunger” is far more P' common than most people realise.

' They say also that you can satisfy your hunger by having three meals every day and still not satisfy your body’s needs. When we eat the wrong kind of foods, or not enough of the right kind, then we suffer from “Hidden Hunger” and our body is still hungry for certain essential food elements. This means that while we may not feel actually ill, tee are never really well and seldom look our best. i

Your Children

and "HIDDEN HUNGER"

Do they suffer from “Hidden Hunger”? If they are faddy and pick and choose at their food then they are not getting the most good from the food you supply. They tend to tire easily . . . become “grizzlers” and fall behind. So give them Horlicks every dav.

Horlicks guards against "HIDDEN HUNGER."

Made with milk, Horlicks is a complete, Balanced Food.

You must have nourishing food, to guard against “Hidden Hunger”.

However, with today’s rising costs it is not always possible to have the right kind of foods your body needs. That is why Horlicks is so necessary in your home.

Horlicks contains full-cream milk and the nutritive extracts of wheat, flour and malted barley. Prepared

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a cup of hot Horlicks before bed relaxes your body, soothes your nerves, and induces deep, restful sleep. Off you go ... to replace lost energy and wake really refreshed.

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Practical Planting in NG

p. 82

Book Review:

WITH commendable enterprise,

Mr. A. Richards, of Rabaul, has produced a book entitled Practical Planting in the Territory of New Guinea. Something of the kind has been in demand for years—planting is the chief enterprise of New Guinea, and there is no text-book on

the subject.

Mr. Richards’ book consists of over 100 pages reproduced from typewriting, and it supplies a great deal of information relating to the technical side of planting, and the practical economics of copra produc tion. Most of the book is devoted to coconuts, but there are sections dealing with cocoa and coffee. There are all sorts of practical hints for the planter, ranging from the feeding of labour to the elimination of pests.

The author has some interesting notes on the life of a coconut palm.

He says that in suitable soil, the palms will bear for a hundred years.

But in clayey coil, and on the sandy islands, like atolls, their life is com paratively short. He says that 64 per cent, of coconut plantation losses are due to unsuitable soil.

He calculates that under to-day’s conditions it costs £13,585 to plant up 700 acres' of coconuts and bring them to the 9-years stage, less what ever the palms produce after they reach the age of 7 years and begin bearing. It costs now, to produce copra, about eight times what it cost pre-war, and the quality is lower.

He lists 20 pests which attack coco nuts, and the method of dealing with them.

The book does not appear to be on general sale, but inquiries may be directed to Mr. Richards, in Rabaul.

Plant-Champion Marriage

p. 82

HPHE wedding: of Miss Ivane Champion, second generation Anglo-Papuan, and Mr. Harry Plant, of the Department of District Services, P-NG, took place at St. Stephens Cathedral, Brisbane, on April 16.

The bride who wore a gown of white satin and silver lame and a veil of Limerick lace, Is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Ivan Champion of Port Moresby, and a grand-daughter of Mr, H. W.

Champion, who now lives in Sydney but was Government Secretary of Papua in the days when Sir Hubert Murray was Lieutenant-Governor. The service which H. W. and his sons, Ivan and Claude, have given to the Territory has been tremendous and Ivane herself carried on the Champion tradition when, after the Mt. Lamington eruption in January, 1951, she assisted with the nursing of victims and evacuees in the camps set up in the area.

Jubilee for Dr. Fox

pp. 83-84

[?]ervice and Adventure With Melanesian Mission

HHE Rev. Dr. C. E. Fox who has 1- just completed 50 years of active rvice as a Melanesian Missionary the Solomons, will receive a suit )le presentation at a Missionary lly in Auckland, this month.

Dr. Fox, when he first joined the lission in 1902, seemed of a delicate mstitution and unequal to the strain t life in the tropics; but now, after ) years’ work—mostly in the mala al regions of the Solomons—he still active and looking forward to iany more successful years as a mis onary and scientist. For not only he a cleric but also a scientist, hose knowledge of the Melanesian iople—their customs, folklore and nguages—has gained him renown.

The chief reason which created in >r. Fox the desire to know more aout his Melanesian friends was the isit of Dr. Rivers, a Cambridge "ofessor, who went out to the iission to study the kinship systems : the Melanesian peoples. Dr. ivers was helped over the language arrier by Dr. Fox, who acted as his iterpreter, and, in his turn, Dr. Fox as thus able to acquire a vast know

ledge of hitherto unsuspected native lore and customs—and a wish to learn more.

Dr. Fox’s subsequent research reached a climax when he went com pletely native, and exchanged places and all his worldly goods with a San Cristoval man. As he has written: “Got an old razor for my Gillette,

lost my pipes, hat, shoes, clothes, European food, cooking utensils, to bacco, gun and money. On the other hand 1 gained the aforesaid razor, sufficient clothes, 2/6, a clay pipe, a yam garden, various coconut trees and property in hand.”

Thenceforth, he lived completely on native food, smoking their to

bacco and wearing neither hat nor shoes. He was even employed, for one month, as cook on a plantation, living with the boys and receiving the same food and conditions.

All these things happened many years ago; but they have filled Dr.

Fox with a deep understanding and love of his Melanesian friends. His

writings on their customs and the vocabularies of their most obscure dialects which he has compiled, bear witness to this.

Now that he is growing old, and his eyesight has lost its keenness, his friends are arranging a presentation to commemorate his jubilee of self less service.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 83-84 (2 items)

81

ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY— MAY, 1952

Kerr Bros. S

G.P.O. Box 3838, Sydney.

ISLAND MERCHANTS SINCE 1895

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All merchandise purchased at best wholesale prices and original invoices supplied.

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General Merchants (Wholesale £r Retail) 6* Shipowners

Importers & Exporters

Branches Throughout the Marquesas Islands. 111/ A ASSOCIATE HOUSES: A. B. Donald, Ltd., Auckland Lloyd S Agents New Zealand; A. B. Donald, Ltd., Rarotonga. Cook lslands; Dominion Fruit Co., Suva, Fiji.

Agents and Distributors -for:

FRANCE: Hennessy Cognacs; Marie Brizard & Roger Liqueurs; Charles Heidsieck Champagnes; Perrier Water; Gruber Beer.

NEW ZEALAND; Vacuum Oil Co. Pty., Ltd., Petroleum Products.

SWEDEN: Hjorth & Co., Primus Stoves.

U.S.A.: General Steamship Corp.; Radio Corp. of America; Brown & Williamson, Ltd.; Cigarettes: Lucky Strike, Wings, Old Gold; Champion Spark Plug Co.; Rainier Beer.

ENGLAND: Reckitt & Colman (Overseas), Ltd.; Phillips Bicycles; The Bank Line, Ltd.

Sydney Agents: BURNS, PHILP & CO., LTD. San Francisco Agents: BURNS- PHILP CO. OF SAN FRANCISCO, INC. London Agents: BURNS, PHILP & CO..

LTD. Agents in France: HARTH & CIE, PARIS; A. BICKART. MARSEILLES.

Papua-N. Guinea

p. 84

More Copra Money

For

AS about one-third of the copra produced in Papua-New Guinea now is consumed in Australia, there was considerable interest in the latter’s Territories when the Terri tories Minister, on April 30, made this announcement: “An increase in the shipping freight rates for copra from Papua and New Guinea to Australia, from May 1, 1952, necessitates a revision in the prices of copra supplied to Australia. The new prices will be (per ton, ex-ships’ slings, Sydney): Plantation hot air, £9l/15/-: F.M.S. £9O/15/-; Smoke-dried £9O/2/6.”

All the P-NG copra not consumed by Australia is taken by Britain under the 9-years Ministry of Food contract at a price returning the planter £6B-£69 Aus. per ton. But the copra sold in Australia gives him an even better price; and the new price of around £9l should net some thing more than the MOF rate.

The world copra market remains low and lifeless. But the coconut planters in the British islands are well protected, for a year or two, by the once-criticised MOF contract.

Advertisements & other items, p. 84 (1 item)

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P-Ng Experiments With

pp. 85-105

Village Councils

rHE Papua-New Guinea Village Councils Ordinance came into existence in 1949 and since then a lumber of Village Councils have ieen set up, mostly in the more idvanced areas around Port Moresby and Rabaul.

The term “Village Council” is somewhat misleading as, in practice, he Council consists of representa tives of about 22 villages and it has been suggested that Area Council vould have been a more accurate term.

These Councils are designed as a first step towards democratic, self government and it is too early yet o say whether they are likely to be a success or a failure in this regard.

Fhe die-hard conservative element in he Territory—which is the majority —will probably see nothing good in them; and those whose brain-children they are, probably say that if we are ;o give more than lip-service to this idea of ultimate self-government for P-NG natives, then we have to start somewhere and Village Councils are is good a way as any.

The Councils are designed to supersede the old system, inherited from German days, of government appointed village luluais and tul-tuls .

Fhese men were, in effect, a liaison between the Administration, or local Europeans, and the villagers. Theo retically, they probably had some sort of village responsibilities, such as seeing that their underlings kept the roads cleared, but their civic •esponsibilities did not weigh leavily upon them. A peaked navy alue cap with a red band was handed aut as a badge of office and this, perched on top of a mop of fuzzy tiair, was the only outward manifesta tion of authority.

If a European wanted any carry ing done, houses built or jobs of that sort, it was the local tul-tul or luluai he saw about it. He “greased” his hand with money or trade goods and then it was left to the luluai to brow beat or persuade the villagers into ioing the job. How successful he was iepended on his own personality md standing in the village; judging ay some results some of these Gov ernment appointees were, indeed, prophets without honour on their awn stamping ground.

Not even the most ardent hankerer ifter the good old days can claim nuch for the luluai and tul-tul sys :em. However, it is early days yet ;o say whether the more positive

Council system is the logical step to self-government either. It has some features that are already causing mis givings in some quarters.

Councillors are elected annually by all who have paid their taxes.

Elections on Western pattern are a revolutionary step in the Melanesian scheme of things. Traditionally, the headman of a village became so because he gave bigger and better

(Continued on page 101)

easts than anyone else. He was able o give feasts because he grew more ood than anyone else and he grew nore food because he was more en erprising and energetic or, one way »r another, got more people to toil or him: the old story of any suc essful man, white or coloured.

He was not formally elected; over he years he became to be regarded as he head man of the community and le remained so until some other nan, more enterprising and energetic, ook his place.

What are now considered to be he desirable qualifications for Village Councillors is not clear, but the dethodist Mission, which is watching he new experiment with interest, eems to have some doubts about his aspect. In an article in a recent Missionary Review, the Rev. R. S. irown, has this to say: “A disappointing feature of the rst elections has been the number of nembers elected who are not of the ighest moral calibre. In some cases [responsible young men have been lected, and their progressiveness is •ften not related at all to the culture nd traditions of the life of their icople.”

Misgivings

Mr. Brown’s misgivings seem to be •orne out by the fact that, as re >orted in PIM and some Australian iewspapers, one of the first efforts •f one of these Councils was a desire o change the old matrilineal system •f inheritance to a patrilineal system, f any European had had the teme ity to suggest this, every anthropolo ;ist in the world would have creamed his head off.

A European Assistant District )fficer has been appointed to over se the work of the Councils. He rill attend meetings and instruct ouncillors, but the idea seems to be o hand over as much local govern rent to the Councils as possible, fhey will raise their own taxes and >rovide from them for village im novements such as education, sani ation, road maintenance, various milding projects and the payment )f councillors and a council clerk.

Taxes at present are £4 per mnum for every adult male and £1 )er adult female if she wishes to lave a vote. Even in these days, £4 s a considerable sum for a native to ind and the paying of it will mean lardship for some. Mr. Brown luotes the case of pastor-teachers, laying that this sum is a quarter of heir yearly salary and they cannot

afford to pay it. They hesitate to go before the court of appeal that is provided, as they feel that this is humiliating —New Guinea natives have an acute sense of what they call “shame” and what an Oriental would probably call “face”—and the Mission finds itself in the position of having to find the tax for them.

What do the natives themselves think of the project? According to Mr. Brown, who has made a study of it, some are fearful of the power of the Councils once they become firmly established. Others feel that it is good to have money at their own disposal for some of the things for which they have long been impatient —education, for example. However,

as Mr. Brown remarks, they have yet to find that money will not cure all and although they can build the village schools there is, as yet, not enough trained teachers for all.

The experiment is an interesting one and although it has already attracted the attention of the calamity howlers, and been decried as window dressing for UN, it is one that is best regarded with an open mind at this stage.

P-NG is at least 50 years behind Fiji in this attempt at local native government although it is as well to remember that Fiji had a more homogeneous society on which to build in the first place, and that such Western democratic principles as

iave been adopted, have been modi ied and absorbed gradually, not hrust suddenly upon the Fijians by mtsiders.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 85-86 (1 item)

facts aie«i figures nboiit

“WHERE THE TRADE

WINDS BLOW 5 ’

A COLLECTION of fascinating tales and sketches of the South Pacific Islands by R. W.

ROBSON and JUDY TUDOR.

Well Bound and Profusely Illustrated.

Price: 7/6 (Posted 8/6 or $1 U.S.) From any large book store, or from Steele’s Book Store. Suva, or from —

Pacific Publications Pty. Ltd.

Union House. 247 George Street, SYDNEY.

facts aie«i figures nboiit

CHULA CO I*ll A OIIYING

The grower has a choice of a wide range of machines, of varying output, from \ ton of high grade copra every 24 hours, which is the output of the smallest Natural Draught dryer, to 2 tons the daily output of the largest Power Driven Model.

If you would like to know more about Chula Copra Dryers and other machinery for the plantation, please write to

TYNESIDE FOUNDRY

& ENGINEERING CO. ITD.

Established 1898.

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Telegrams <f- Cables: Foundry, Newcasfle-on-Tyne."

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RUBBER?

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Agents for:— • Queensland Insurance Co. Ltd. Qantas Empire Airways • Shell Company (P. 1.) Ltd. • Burns Philp and Go. Ltd.

ALSO

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Ltd. & Ardath Tobacco Co. 9 Charles Hope Ltd. —Cold Flame Refrigerators. • Jantzen (Aust.) Pty. Ltd. • Associated British Oil Engines. 9 Ferguson Tractors (Exp.) Ltd. 9 Standard Motor Co.

9 Voigtlander-Photographics.

9 Dunlop Rubber Co. Ltd. • International Harvester Co. 9 Mullard (Overseas) Ltd. • Helena Rubenstein's Cosmetics. • McLeay Duff & Co. (Whisky). • Marie Brizard & Roger (Liqueurs). • Slazengers Ltd.

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AGENTS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD

'lncidents' in Fiji

pp. 87-89

Racial Sensitiveness Leads to 'lncidents' in Fiji

Prom Our Own Correspondent

Suva, Apl. 26

Occasionally, minor incidents in Fiji open things up to a considerable extent. Trivial enough in themselves, they built up into an indication of an increasingly precar ious balance between the com munities which may be upset at any time by stupidity, prejudice or just plain greed.

Example I: Since the hurricane, Vukulau Island—normally a popular meeting-place for Suva yachting and aunch parties—has been officially dosed, because the storm left virtu illy none of the essential amenities.

During the Easter week-end, it is re sorted, a dozen or so Europeans dsited the island for a short period md, while there, objected to the anding of an Indian launch-party; sut made no objection when a second European party arrived. Aggrieved, he Indians lodged a protest, which irew an official statement that the irst European party, as far as was mown, was at Nukulau without per

mission, and in any case had no vestige of authority to decide who should or should not land. As the first party included some quite well known people, the story does not tend to improve inter-racial relation ships.

Example II: When making a small purchase in a Chinese cafe an Indian blithely told the shopkeeper’s wife to “enter” the cost. The Chinese woman refused, on the ground that the purchaser was unknown to her, al though he claimed to have had business dealings with her husband.

At this the Indian (slightly the worse for liquor) abused her with that un pleasant arrogance that causes a lot of anti-Indian feeling among all races, and informed the cafe at large that (a) he had travelled round the world, (b) he could buy up any Chinese in Suva, and (c) he wanted to know why that particular establish ment treated Europeans, Fijians and Chinese alike, but not Indians. A Chinese youth advised the heated gentleman to answer (c) for himself —and the situation became heated, with interested Chinese moving up from all directions. Realising that in a matter of seconds he would be helped out with no regard for dignity, the Indian produced an impressive roll of notes, paid the required 2/8

for his purchase, and removed him self in a silence that seethed with hostility. The Chinese smiled im passively at all and sundry.

Example III: Flickers of Chinese- Indian antagonism crop up with increasing frequency. An Indian, buying half a dozen eggs (even at upwards of 6-/ a

dozen, eggs are often unobtain able at Suva nowadays) was exercised by doubts as to their fresh ness. The Chinese vendor said tersely: “I bought them from one of your people—if any are wrong, blame the Indian!” Later, to a favoured European buyer of eggs he said: 'lndians make trouble all the

time . . . These eggs all right, but I’m not sure about two I gave that Indian!”

Example IV: People who fondly imagine that Asiatic Communism overlooks Fiji might be interested in an assortment of outrageous Red propaganda (in English) which was wrapped around a parcel from a

Chinese shop. When a protest was made to the shopkeeper, he insisted that the paper had come from Hongkong as packing. Oddly enough, the same sort of thing sometimes comes through the post, from Peking, to Indian addresses in Fiji. It is un officially hinted that officials at Suva are now keeping an eye out for this sort of thing, possibly at the behest of the police.

Indians And The Police

A distinctly Leftist Indian publi cation in Fiji has demanded official information as to why ceremonial police occasions at Suva are usually almost exclusively Fijian.

The official reply will doubtless be a model of diplomatic suavity which will please nobody. The factual truth would be simply that Indians are not included in Fijian police guards of-honour and so forth for pretty much the same reason as Indians were not included in the First Battalion for Malaya.

The idea of a mixed Fijian and Indian guard-of-honour is not acceptable. There is a point in the fact that some people (including Indians) ask whether a proportion of the recent Indian additions to the police force at Suva—most of them incredibly youthful-looking light

weights—are worth the expense of heir costly uniforms and equipment.

In 1947 there was a Government jroposal to bring to Fiji a number )f Indian Army loyalists to serve as ndian policemen. This was squashed lat by Indian political opposition in Fiji. The question remains: Why?

The situation, like most inter acial situations in Fiji, is thorny, rhere was European and Fijian :riticism of the fact that the First battalion’s embarkation parade hrough Suva on January 8 was leaded by two Indian traffic police nen on motor-cycles.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 87-88 (2 items)

85

ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY, 1952

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MADANG . R. Macgregor MANUS . . Edgell & Whiteley Ltd.

SUVA Williams & Gosling Ltd.

NOUMEA . Y. Mortensen

NORFOLK ISLAND A. E. Martin

In the Tropics, successful Home Baking

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That’s a point of great importance anywhere, but especially in the Tropics. With Aunt Mary’s you use any good, ordinary flour, economical in price. Use Aunt Mary’s Baking Powder for better results every time.

dunl Matyl

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W. H. GROVE & SONS LTD.

Established 1896.

Island Merchants

16-18 FANSHAWE ST., AUCKLAND.

Telegraphic and Cable Address: “Grove,” Auckland. P.O. Box 490, Auckland, New Zealand.

Entrust your requirements to the firm with more than 50 years' practical experience in the Island trade.

REPRESENTING ENGLISH MANUFACTURERS

THROUGHOUT FIJI, SAMOA, TONGA, NEW HEBRIDES, NEW CALEDONIA, SOLOMON ISLANDS, SOCIETY ISLANDS, COOK ISLANDS, NIUE, ETC.

SHIPPERS OF ALL CLASSES OF NEW ZEALAND MANUFACTURES AND PRODUCTS SPECIALLY PREPARED FOR THE ISLAND TRADE WE HANDLE ALL KINDS OF ISLAND PRODUCE.

IN FIJI as : W. H. GROVE & SONS (FIJI) LIMITED.

Office and Sample Room; Bank of New South Wales Chambers, Suva, Fiji.

Seeking Cocoa

p. 89

Australia Is Now

Coffee And Peanuts

FMPORT restrictions in Australia L have created there a keen demand or coffee, cocoa and peanuts from lie unrestricted Papua-New Guinea larket. Imports of coffee and cocoa rom other sources have been cut to 0 per cent, of the “base-year” re tirements; so the other 40 per cent, ow are being sought in Australian 'erritories.

Importers state that an excellent rade ©f Robusta coffee is being ch ained from New Guinea; but they mphasise, for the benefit of any new xporters entering the field under the resent market stimulus, that the pro uce must be shipped in clean, un ainted sacks. Jute flour bags, which re said to be available to the trade 1 the Territory, are ideal and have een approved as satisfactory by the )epartment of Agriculture.

Importers also stress that prices aid are according to quality. They oint out that a number of traders ealing in native-grown coffee are mding the produce forward in an ncleaned and unhusked condition. l little extra work in shipping the offee in a marketable condition ould pay traders through the better rices realised.

Peanuts are also coming forward om New Guinea; but although the uality is readily saleable, samples Jen in Sydney certainly did not com are with Kingaroy (Q), or Northern iyers (NSW) peanuts, which are ringing l/6d per lb. in shell, f.o.b. risbane. Nevertheless, the demand keen and New Guinea peanut rowers will find a ready sale for ieir produce at prices depending on le availability of the Australian crop.

Cocoa and coffee prices are quoted n the last page of this issue.

Samoan Murderer

p. 89

Executed

APIA, April 5.

The execution took place at Vaimea prison on April 1 of Fa’ase’e Fa’agase, convicted murder. The sentence was pronounced by Chief Judge Marsack in February and

confirmed by the Governor General of NZ.

This is the first execution in Western Samoa since 1928 when a Chinese was hanged for murder.

Mrs. A. Wilson, wife of the Ad ministrator of Norfolk Island, re turned to the Island recently after a lengthy visit to Victoria.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 89-90 (2 items)

87

ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY, 1952

Trade

To promote

The Bank of New South Wales offers these services:— • Introductions to importers and exporters in oversea countries. • Credit information about residents of those countries, with whom you may wish to trade. • Facilities for making payments abroad and for receiving payments from overseas. • Arrangements for business visits overseas.

Consult any branch of the

BANK OF

NEW SOUTH WALES

FIRST AND LARGEST COMMERCIAL BANK IN THE SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC.

HEAD OFFICE: SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA.

Islands Branches : FlJl.—Suva, Lautoka, Ba (Agencies at Nadi Airport, Vatukoula).

PAPUA.—Port Moresby. NEW GUINEA.—Lae, Rabaul. (Incorporated in New South Wales with limited liability.)

y ■ -o ; 4i- < [l ‘■" , * **■r iv«

TfflTTPn

>'|tf"" , -Mi.»/

aw»M mm ini

(Incorporated in Canada) Principal British Commonwealth Distributor of Aluminium Ocean House, 34 Martin Place, Sydney, N.S.W.

An ALUMINIUM LIMITED Company

PLAN

for a house a day

A typical standard Aluminium Frameless Tropical House is contained in a single case measuring 11' 9" x 3' 2" x 9" and weighing approximately 1,000 lb. It is light, easy for transport and inexpensive.

Four men should be able to erect an average standard house in a day with the few simple tools which are supplied.

This compact, light and low cost tropical house has the many advantages associated with aluminium buildings. It is resistant to vermin, fungus, and damp, while its

high reflectivity keeps the interior cool

and comfortable in tropical climates.

SALES AGENTS:

New Zealand— RICHARDSON. McCABE & CO. LTD.

Wellington, Auckland, Christchurch.

Fiji, Western Samoa and Tonga —MORRIS HEDSTROM LIMITED. Suva, Fiji.

Territory of Papua-New Guinea —BUßNS PHILP (NEW GUINEA) LIMITED. Port Moresby.

Cook Islands— A. B. DONALD LTD., RAROTONGA.

Cook Islands.

French Oceania— ETABLISSEMENTS DONALD TAHITI.

Papeete, Tahiti.

New Caledonia and New /Hebrides —AGENCE ALMA, Noumea. New Caledonia.

LONDON

MONTREAL

CALCUTTA

SYDNEY

KARACHI

Not All Plain Sailing

pp. 91-92

For Rsyc

SUVA, April 5.

rHE 18-footer sailing champion

ships to be held in Suva in early une are causing headaches for the loyal Suva Yacht Club which will >e official host to the 80-odd visiting achtsmen from Australia and New Zealand. .

There is a big scurry around to ind billets in private houses for the isitors—regular tourists will be tak ag up much of the space in Suva lotels, which since the hurricane are wo less in number.

The RSYC has a membership of everal hundred Europeans and part •uropeans but a large proportion of hem are more interested in the club s a social centre and take no part i sailing events.

The Government last year turned own the club’s application for sub tantial financial help with the 18ooter contests, but has now made £.200 donation towards expenses, although all citizens wish the RSYC /ell with its big event, the cost of ving is an effective curb on the enerosity of individuals.

Canoe Races ?

Mr. Stanley Mayne of Suva has roposed that, parallel with the 18-

footer championships, there should be a series of sailing canoe events for Fijians. There is an encouraging degree of interest in the suggestion.

However, most of the sailing craft presumably would have to come from the Lau Group, as canoes, sail ing or paddling, seem to have faded

Moresby

Wedding

Mr. and Mrs.

Harry Edwards after their marriage at Port Moresby on March 29. The bride, who was Miss Audree Whittington, wore a pale blue nylon frock and cocktail hat with shoulder length veil. Mr. Ed wards is P-NG representative for the Shell Co. —Photo by Papuan Prints.

out around Vtii Levu. The last of the big canoes is said to have been built around 1913. Old-timers re member when canoe races were a regular thing on Suva harbour but no one seems to know why they stopped holding them.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 91-92 (2 items)

89

ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY, 1952

A. H. Bunting Ltd.

OUR HANDS MAKE GOOD ARM S.

For your Fishing and Shooting Wants Consult Us.

Lithgow .22 Cal. Repeating Rifles .. .. £l5 15 0 I Post Lithgow .22 Cal. Single Shot £B2O (Extra (Prices Subject to Change Without Notice.) SI L ROH U, 143 ELIZABETH STREET, SYDNEY.

A. H. BUNTING LTD.

SAMARAI PAPUA

Branches at: ORO BAY AND POPONDETTA.

iAMARAI AGENTS FOR:—

Vacuum Oil Co. Pty., Ltd.

South British Insurance Co.

National Mutual Life Association

SOLE AGENTS IN PAPUA/NEW GUINEA FOR:

Polarizers (U.K.), Ltd.—Polaroid Sun Glasses.* C.S.A. Industries, Eng.—Dual Freeze Refrigerators.

Webley & Scott, Ltd.—Shot Guns, Air Pistols, etc.

E. K. Cole, Ltd., London.—“Ekco” Radio Receivers.

“Getula.”—Nylon Monofilament Fish Lines.

Davison Paints, Ltd., N.S.W.—Paint for Tropical Conditions. • Trade mark patented In U.S.A., Great Britain, and other countries.

REGULAR SUPPLIES OF EASTERN GOODS

WHOLESALE & RETAIL MERCHANTS IMPORTERS PLANTERS

See how It shin

BRASSO

The quality Metal Polish J X

Plans (or Wishful Thinking)

p. 92

For Suva Hotels

SUVA, April 10.

SUVA speculation constantly re verts to the hotel situation.

What the hurricane left of the Club

Hotel is now being removed, but! the owners, Morris Hedstrom Ltd., have made no announcement about what is going to happen next.

It is believed, with some founda tion, that the new building, when it materialises, will be at least of five storeys—some reports hint at even seven—and that the plans; have been completed for several: weeks.

Silence about the future building on McDonald’s Hotel site also re mains unbroken. The Melbourne* the oldest of Suva’s venerable hotels* which lost its balcony on the Vic toria Parade side, is being repaired.

High Prices for Norfolk

p. 92

Bean Seed

Norfolk Island, April 16.

PRICES recently received for local bean-seed sold to Australia averaged between £8 and £9 per bushel.

A fair yield here is 15 bushels of seed to the acre which means that Norfolk’s biggest cash crop has paid] well this year.

A daughter was born recently to< Mrs. Secomb and the Rev. Howard] Secomb, Principal of Tupou College, Tonga.

Advertisements & other items, p. 92 (2 items)

90

MAY, 1952 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHL

C. Sullivan (Export) Pty. Ltd.

HEAD OFFICE

379 KENT STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W.

Telegrams and Cables: “CHASULL,” Sydney. Telephone: BX 6381 (6 lines).

And at Melbourne, Victoria —Brisbane, Queensland.

Associated Companies : C. SULLIVAN (PACIFIC ISLANDS) LTD., Suva, Fiji.

C. SULLIVAN INC., 230 California Street, San Francisco, U.S.A.

Over 30 Years' Pacific Island Experience

Expert Buying Service

Original Invoices Furnished

Overseas Indents Arranged

BEST PRICES FOR COPRA, COCOA, SHELLS AND GENERAL ISLAND PRODUCE

Fiji Health Stamps

p. 93

And The Anti-TB Campaign Only A “Partial Success”

SUVA, April 8.

Health Stamps for 1952-53 are likely to be delayed because le London printers are snowed nder with British Commonwealth sues bearing the portrait of the new »ueen.

The closing date of the competi on for new Fiji Health Stamp esigns has been extended until uly 15.

The first issue of Health Stamps i Fiji produced only £2,000 —for le War Memorial Anti-TB Cam aign. This revenue could have een doubled if the stamp cam aign had been effectively organised nd publicised. For many years nnual NZ Health Stamp issues have burned huge sums for the establish lent and maintenance of health amps for children.

Fiji’s stamps, appeared without ny of the trumpeting that is profit bly employed in the neighbouring lominion. There was no launching iremony and it seemed that official om could not care less about the hole business.

Apparently it was nobody’s busi ess to set about selling the stamps i quantity to people who could fford to use them in quantity.

The first Health Stamps were an nfortunate anti-climax to the over helming enthusiasm which, in 1949, reduced more than £60,000 from eople of all races for the Anti-TB ampaign.

What is more disturbing is the fact lat in the last two years the amount f solid, official information about le whole campaign has been ex emely meagre.

Editorial Note: There appeared ) be the normal amount of nthusiasm around Suva post-office ist September when the health tamps went on sale for the first me. The population of NZ is six mes that of Fiji—and the letter- Titing proportion of the population ifinitely greater in NZ. At all vents, postal rates have now become o high that most people are hard ut to it to patronise Her Majesty’s iails at all, much less pay a sur harge in the name of charity. It 'Quid, however, be interesting to now more about the Fiji anti-TB

campaign. A reader who is in terested in the Tamavua TB Hospital near Suva gives a picture of condi tions there that contrast strangely with the magnificent TB hospitals that have been established by the repatriation authorities in Australia and New Zealand. There apparently has been unavoidable delay in pur chasing certain equipment in Fiji, but it should not be forgotten that the important time for a TB sufferer is the present, and that the delights to come four or five years hence are not likely to do him much good or interest him very much).

Dr. Samiuela Taumopcau. a young Tongan medical practitioner who arrived in Sydney in April on leave intends to spend some time on post graduate studies in surgery and medicine.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 93-94 (2 items)

91

ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY. 1952

Tomato Sauce

Telephones: B 9573, B 6232.

Telegraphic Address: Corrientes, Brisbane.

CORRIE & CO.

Douglas M. Corrie, Robin M. Corrie, Stock and Sharebrokers. (Established 1877).

Members Brisbane Stock Exchange.

Scottish Union House, Eagle St., Brisbane.

FOUNTAIN food products are famous throughout the South Pacific for their consistent quality and suitability of packing for tropical conditions.

You are assured satisfaction when you specify FOUNTAIN brand.

Trade inquiries are welcome and all orders are promptly despatched.

'A ms m m vs M mm

TOMATO SAUCE

W.C. DOUGLASS L'— D

FOVEAUX ST. SYDNEY AUSTRALIA

OTHER

FAMOUS

FOUNTAIN

PRODUCTS

FRUIT

CHUTN

57rfHEN TISIEP

at **TJ«*‘**

in vouf? couNTi?y home

X u I $

ELECTRICITY

t s

FROM THE WIND

WITH QUIRK’S WIND-DRIVEN LIGHTING PLANT

Away from the hustle and bustle of city life . . . yet you can enjoy all the comforts of modern electrical appliances by Quirk's. Radios for hours of entertainment, fans for cool comfort and cake mixers, vacuum cleaners, dishwashers and washing machines to save you time and work. They’re all operated by electricity FREE from the wind with a Quirk's Wind Driven Lighting Plant.

This plant provides economical electricity for all your lighting and household appliances.

A gentle wind—that no other model will respond to—operates the new threeblade propeller and as the wind velocity increases the blades automatically feather, reducing strain on tower and plant and maintaining a steady continuous charging rate.

Draw your electricity direct from the generator while the plant is charging and from the batteries when the wind is low. Moreover, this NEW Windlite does not require lubrication for five years.

There are fwo models: The 1,000 waft unit for 32 volt and 50 volt house lighting systems, and the 1,500 waft for 32 volt, 50 volt and 110 volt systems.

Obtainable from

QUIRK’S VICTORY LIGHT CO.

229 Castlereagh Street, Sydney - ■ Phone: M 3114

Administration-Mission Friction

pp. 95-96

Possible in Education Field

SUVA, April 21.

CRITICISM of the secular system J of education in many Fijian :hools is voiced by the Rev. Dr. A. . Cato, in the Fiji Witness, a lethodist Mission journal.

Quoting the 1946 Education Plan, 'r. Cato says that “it is unworthy of ritish administration and also un ientific to generalise for the whole olony and for all races”.

The section of the Plan referred to ates: “No Government teacher ould be permitted to take part in :ligious instruction in any school ive at the direction of the anager, and then only in schools mtrolled by the missions or schools ith a religious background”.

Dr. Cato says that for the Indian immunity with ks ancient and corded- systems of belief, there iay be some justification for this •onouncement; “but for the Fijian jople, with their old, unwritten and )w disintegrating ancestor-worship, ith their request, in the Deed of ession, for the promotion of hristianity, such avoidance of the lallenge to educate for complete, /ing is indefensible”.

The fault with the administration, e writer continues, “lies not in a ommunistic opposition to religion at in a more deadly neglect of 99 He expresses the opinion that if e tragedy of open conflict between ijians and Indians should occur, a ajor contributing factor would be he premature, un-British neglect of asitive Christian education for the ijians”; and adds that a large amber of British educators realise _at knowledge alone is no guarantee : right conduct, and “do not advo ite a policy of least resistance sat- Pactory to short-term Government ficials who may not stay long aough with the educands to face the timate consequences”.

Editorial Note

Methodists now are a strong - force in Fiji, as in Tonga. They ive been responsible for an lormous amount of well-organised ork among the Fijians, and they aim that a majority of the Fijians )w are adherents of the Methodist hurch.

The important part taken by the irious Churches in the various in the “Europeanisation”

P the natives now poses, for the

respective administrations, a problem of peculiar thorniness.

The Churches, having done so much of the work that should origin ally have been done by the responsible Governments, are in clined to be resentful of any invasion of their domain by the administrations. The latter, under a new world-wide conception of their obligations towards subject peoples, now plan to introduce far-reaching

systems of secular education; and they are finding it exceedingly diffi cult to plan such systems so that they may be adjusted to the mission controlled education systems, which necessarily are very closely allied with religious instruction of diverse kinds.

The statements of Dr. Cato indi cate that great wisdom and caution must be exercised by the Govern ments concerned, if bitter friction is to be avoided. If the teaching of only one religion or sect were in volved, a solution should not be difficult to find. The Governments are not anti-religious. The trouble

is that there are so many different kinds of religious teaching, and each is so jealous of the other, and so ready to defend its established interests, without compromise.

It is not a pretty picture; and it reflects unflatteringly upon the

Western civilisation which we are asking the Pacific Islanders to accept.

The Yen. Archdeacon and Mrs. A.

E. Teall, Lolowai, New Hebrides, arrived in Sydney, in March, and went on to Tasmania, on leave.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 95-96 (2 items)

93

ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY, 1952

Islands Electric Co.

SUVA: Phone 536 (2 & 3 rings). LAUTOKA: Phone 69.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, CONTRACTORS, SERVICEMEN

AND SUPPLIERS OF THE FIJI ISLANDS.

Experts in: Ship Electrical Installations, Repairs and Overhauls. Electrical Trades Contracting. Magneto, Motor, Armature, and Electrical Winding. Refrigeration Repairs and Servicing. Lighting Plant Overhauls and Repairs. Automotive Electrical Repairs.

Manufacturers of: I.E.C. Batteries for Cars, Trucks, Radios and Heavy Duty House Lighting Systems.

Agents for: Quirk’s Victory Light Co.; Liverpool Electric Cable Co.; J.

Wernard & Co., Commutator Manufacturers; General Dry Batteries (Aust.) Pty. Ltd; F. C. Lovelock Pty. Ltd., Refrigeration Supplies; Opalescent Light Co.; Mordiesel Engines.

CABLES: “ISLECT,” SUVA OR LAUTOKA. P.O. BOX 464, SUVA.

Enquiries Welcomed. Country Clients and Shipowners especially catered for.

PHY

FULLY

TROPIC ALIS ED.

ENGLAND’S LARGEST

EXPORTERS OF HOUSEHOLD

RECEIVERS.

AVAILABLE.—S. V. Mackenzie & Co. Ltd., Apia, Samoa. William Finau, Nukualofa, Tonga. N. O. Carlson, Vavau, Tonga.

TAI6O.—A.C. 100-

240 Volts. 9-Valve Bandspread.

TUI6O.—A.C., D.C.

10-Valve.

T 8153.

Vibrator spread.

TUIS4.

Bandspread D.C.

AC 160. 153—154.

SOLE DISTRIBUTORS:

STINSON STUDIOS

Suva. Box 130. Fiji.

(HD Stewarts and Lloyds (Australia) pt y . Ltd.

Manufacturers of "S&L" PIPES and FITTINGS for GAS, WATER, STEAM and other purposes.

AND Distributors of:

GALVANISED IRON; BOLTS and NUTS; ELECTRODES

and WELDING EQUIPMENT.

Stewarts and Lloyds (Australia) Pty. Ltd.

Fiji Agents:

BURNS PHILP (S.S.) Co. Ltd., SUVA

Sausage King Pulls Out

p. 96

Of New Guinea

MORESBY, April 30.

HOUSEWIVES in Port Moresby were very unhappy to hear from Mr. A. W. Anderson that his butcher shop would be closed as soon as present stocks are exhausted.

This will leave the town’s meat supply once again in the hands of the Port Moresby Freezing Company and although P.M.F. now is in a position to give a good service—they have recently opened a modern shop which facilitates the handling of long queues—monopoly in any business is not good for the customer.

Mr. Anderson, well-known in Syd ney as a sausage manufacturer and meat-packer, has some unusual ideas, but he established his new meat business in the Territory after the war because he “liked the Territory” and Territory housewives generally have liked his service.

He says now that the business is not paying—the third new P-NG in dustry in recent weeks which has put up the shutters with the same reason.

Coconut fibre, desiccated coconut, now meat. A sign of the times.

Advertisements & other items, p. 96 (1 item)

Nchor

Gillespie’s Anchor Flour is milled from selected high quality Australian wheats and is enfolded for purity. Its consistent high quality has made it the best-known, most asked-for brand of flour in the Islands. (Entoletion is a special new purifying process which reduces the risk of insect infestation).

FOR

GILLESPIES

NCHOR

FLOUR

GILLESPIE BROS. PTY. LTD.. ANCHOR FLOUR MILLS, SYDNEY G. 1.97

[?]Amoan Mla’S

p. 97

[?]Esent

[?]Ewspaper’S Attacks

CONSIDERABLE sharp criticism ■J of the Samoan Legislative ssembly by the weekly newspaper ulletin is given piquancy by the icts that the newspaper is owned by ic Hon, E. F, Paul, one of the uropean MLA’s, and is edited by a Dung man who has not been long lough in the Territory to have ;arned much of its history and >cial background.

The Bulletin says that the Assem [y has failed to gain the full interest id confidence of the majority of ic people; but supplies little to ibstantiate the statement.

There was an unhappy incident tely when the High Commissioner Mr. Powles) inadvertently made se of an expression which the ssemblymen regarded as casting an npleasant reflection upon the amoan people generally. When the tter adopted a resolution censuring te HC, the Bulletin rather savagely >ok up the cudgels on behalf of the te HC, whereas it easily could have lured oil upon troubled waters.

As a further step towards self ivernment, Samoa is to have an xecutive Council. The Samoans id Europeans of the Assembly are most unanimously of opinion that ich section should have the right to ect its representatives on the Execu ve Council, instead of the appoint lent being made on the High Com lissioner’s nomination; and they old strongly that the HC should ot have the right to terminate xecutive Council appointments, at is discretion.

Maybe, on the basis of systems perating elsewhere, there is some ling to be said in favour of the [C’s claim; but the fury with which ic Bulletin has said it loses some of s effect when it is remembered that ic Bulletin’s owner is Mr. Paul, who 'aims that, because he topped the .ssembly election figures, he should atomatically become a European jpresentative on Exco.

It is rather a pity that these petty lings should poison the atmosphere f the new legislative machinery, ecause the Assembly, now it is in its jeond 3-years term, really is doing n excellent job, and giving impres ve evidence of the local com munity’s capacity for self-govern lent.

At first, proceedings were some what hampered by the Samoans’

traditional habit of long-drawn-out and flowery oratory and leisurely political debate; but, in a surprisingly short time, both Samoans and Europeans have learned that, in these days, the call is for summarised statement, logical thinking and reasonably quick decision. With commonsense, and under high official encouragement, the Assembly is

showing that it can be of real help in the task of government, Assemblymen rather resent the newspaper’s irresponsible and unhelp ful attacks, because the establish ment of the newspaper was so largely assisted by the action of the Government (endorsed by the Assembly) in paying several hundreds of subscriptions.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 97-98 (1 item)

Colyer Watson (Osss.) Ltd.

Wholesale and Retail Merchants—Sawmillers and Timber Merchants

—Plantation Proprietors and Managing Agents—Ship Owners—

Shipping, Insurance and Customs Agents—Plantation Suppliers- Exporters of Island Produce.

AGENTS FOR:

Australia-West Pacific Line.

Canton Insurance Office, Ltd.

Union Assurance Society, Ltd.

Aust. T. & G. Mutual Life Society, Ltd.

New Britain Shipping & Docking Co. Ltd.

Qantas Empire Airways Ltd.

ASSOCIATED WITH:

Colyer, Watson Pty., Ltd., Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane.

Colyer, Watson & Co., Ltd., Wellington, Auckland.

Christchurch.

DISTRIBUTING AGENTS IN NEW GUINEA FOR:

Hillman, Humber, Sunbeam-Talbot, Chrysler and Plymouth Cars.

Commer, Karrier Fargo Trucks. and Sherwin-Williams Paints.

Mullard Radios.

Prefect Refrigerators.

Aladdin Lamps.

Willys Overland Jeeps. Anchor and Tiger Beers.

G.M. Marine and Industrial Engines.

Olympic Tyres and Cables, Snowflake Unsweetened Evaporated Milk.

Pental Soaps.

Hygeia Dissolvenators.

COLYER WATSON (oSSS.) LTD.

d RABAUL « MADANG • KAVIENG •

ALL OVER THE WORLD

Good mornings begin with Gillette

When Blue Gillette Blades shave the gay Spanish face They clearly reveal the world’s handsome race, So now every male looks smoother and neater, A joy and a boon to the fair senorita.

The up-to-date, wellgroomed men of Spain, in fact men all over the world, know that Blue Gillette Blades ensure the smoothest and most comfortable shave. And because they last so long, they are moneysavers too. Use a Blue Gillette Blade in a Gillette Razor they’re made for each other.

Blue Gillette Blades

BLUE

Gillette £

Costly W & H Experiment

p. 98

On Manus

IT was reported in Australian news papers in April that service build ing teams will take over from the Department ' of Works and Housing on Manus. This will not surprise P-NG residents who have thrown no bouquets towards W & H since they began operations in the Territory after the war.

W & H costs in Manus have been about twice that anticipated and only a fraction of the work scheduled to be done has been completed. One reason given for the huge unanti cipated cost is that W & H men had to build their own accommodation before they could do anything for anybody else.

A survey has shown that W & H men on service building projects have cost about £6O per week for pay, fares and allowances.

Only about 10 per cent, of the work expected to be completed for the RAAF by June, 1951 has been completed, and as a result the air' force has had temporarily to abandon the idea of making a large permanent: base on Manus.

Treasury officials are reported to be “gravely concerned” over the economic aspect of Manus. Resi-| dents of Papua-New Guinea who have for years been complaining at the cost and inefficiency of W & H operations probably find a certain amount of sardonic amusement in the Australian Government’s new discovery.

Another Kokoda Trail Trek

p. 98

MORESBY, April 30.

EASTER saw a repeat perfor mance of the Christmas march over the Kokoda trail but only one of the first party appeared with the second: Colonel Peter Maddern, Commanding Officer of the PNGVR, who led both parties.

The Easter trek was done in re verse i.e. from Kokoda, and took five days 12 hours.

There were no casualties beyond a few sore feet.

No trace has been found of William Kolydenka, an A.P.C. em ployee, who was reported missing after leaving from Napa Napa, in Papua in a 12-foot dinghy on April 11. It is believed that he intended to make for Taurama Beach, but met next day natives found an empty* dinghy. An air and sea search wasi made without results.

Advertisements & other items, p. 98 (1 item)

96

MAY. 1952 —r PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHL

Quick Action Saves

pp. 99-101

100

101

Crash Victims [?]econd Drover Down in Sea off NG

Port Moresby residents had some crowded hours of excite ent in mid-April. In the middle of e adventure they sat as quietly as issible in a rubber dinghy, made for T), but apart from this hiatus the bole thing was carried through with e speed characteristic of the air ;e.

The men were Captain C. R. Hib ;rt, acting Regional Director of Lvil Aviation, P-NG; Mr. T, P. ruery, acting safety officer of the me department; and Mr. L. Sheedy, the Attorney General’s Depart ent.

Their April adventure went some ing like this: 3.30 p.m., April 16—Leave Wewak a de Havilland Drover plane, loted by Captain Hibbert, for omote (Manus). 4.30 p.m.—Without warning and ith loud explosion, port propellor eers off bearings, cuts fuel line, ars through cockpit and breaks ibbert’s foot. Two other motors

stop, and Hibbert slumps over con trols. 4.31-35 p.m.—Druery leaps to cockpit, pulls dazed pilot clear, takes controls, pulls plane out of screaming dive and although he has not before piloted Drover makes perfect land ing in sea. Sheedy inflates two-man rubber dinghy.

4.49 p.m.—All aboard dinghy; plane sunk; tourniquet applied to Hibbert’s leg. 4.45 p.m.—Sheedy and Druery at work on portable radio transmitter.

Distress signal picked up at Momote, 90 miles away and at Wewak. RAAF crash-boat and Qantas DC3 alerted. 6 p.m.—Qantas DC3 locates ding

y just before dark. Crash-boat on s way from Manus. Qantas planes eep watch over dinghy and guide ;scue boat. 3 a.m., April 17—RAAF Crash nat arrives and picks up three men om dinghy. Heads for Manus. 10.30 a.m.—Three men arrive in ort Moresby having flown from [anus by Catalina. Hibbert taken • hospital.

Captain Hibbert arrived in Sydney id was taken to a private hospital i April 21.

Courage, presence of mind and flcient air-sea rescue organisation ived the day for these men.

This is the second Drover plane i crash in the sea off New Guinea, ast year a Qantas Drover crashed T Lae and the pilot and five pas ngers were killed.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 99-100 (2 items)

97

ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY, 1952

“Purity”

WISE BROS. PTY. LTD.

10 MARTIN PLACE, SYDNEY.

Flour

“TURTLE”

Sharps Agents:

PEARCE & CO., SUVA, FIJI.

G. H. ROBINSON EXPORTS & IMPORTS PTY. LTD.

Pacific Island Traders and Merchants.

Sole Distributors of Bradford Commercial Sellers on Commission of all kinds of Vehicles, Jowett Javelin Cars and Uni- Island produce—Cocoa Beans, Green porn Diesel Engines—(Franchises avail- Snail, Copra, Fungus, M.O.P. Shell, able in certain Pacific Groups.) Trochus Shell, etc.

Agents in London and Manchester for the Disposal and Supply of Produce and Special Requirements.

EVERY ATTENTION GIVEN TO ORDERS IRRESPECTIVE OF SIZE Make use of our 30 years’ personal experience and direct your inquiries to: G. H. ROBINSON EXPORTS & IMPORTS PTY. LTD.

51 MACQUARIE STREET, SYDNEY. Telephone: 8W4575.

Cables: “SUNRISE,” SYDNEY. Postal Address: Box 3317, G.P.0., Sydney.

There's a glass and a half of rich,

full-ere am milk from Tasmania's richest

dairying districts in every half pound of

Cadbury's Dairy Milk Chocolate

j LK M % oh TPhat s the secret of the smooth, creamy flavour and nourishing goodness of Cadbury’s Dairy Milk Chocolate Cadbury’s insistence on only the choicest ingredients, consistent high quality, and careful manufacture have won a world-wide reputation for Cadbury products.

Cadbury s chocolates are wrapped in moisture resisting paper and especially packed for tropical conditions.

An order placed with us nominating your usual agent will receive our prompt attention.

CAD BURY-FRY-PAS CALL PTY. LTD.

212-218 York Street North, Sydney And you should try these other

Dairy Milk

combinations . .. milk mv\ i

MILK FRUIT & NUT

CadVmvys\\

CSEEHA \1

NVST MWXI

CHOCO*-*Tt V

cldburys nut mTlk j

NUT MILK

BRAZIL NUI

MILK CHOCOVMI

brazil nut milk

BVOC*

TOASTED ALMOND

For those who hke dark Chocolate ff/s

CAOJH

and sustaining

CW7/KP/*

Moresby Town Plan

p. 101

101

Moresby, May 1.

HHE latest of a long line of Town L Plans had been presented to the 3rt Moresby Advisory Council and as being discussed in April.

This newest plan provides for a 3pulation of 7,500 (present 4,000) id is thought the best to date.

It leaves the holdings of commerce rtually untouched. Projected re imptions were bones of contention previous plans.

Another Malaria Drug

p. 101

101

Coming Up

There is another anti-malaria drug on the way up. This one is American, in the experimental stage only, and is called hydroxychloro quine. It follows quinine, plasma quin, atebrin, paludrine chloroquine and several other post-war variations, of which we have lost count.

It soon will be impossible for dwellers in the South-West Pacific to have a legitimate case of fever—and this no doubt will be regarded with mixed feelings by old-timers who have made good use of the affliction in the past.

Hydroxychloroquine is at present being tried out on the dog. But scientists think that it now can be promoted from animal tests and given to human sufferers of acute malaria. It is said to stay longer in the blood plasma and in higher con centrations than other anti-malaria concoctions.

There was a mild scare when in April medical authorities closed the Port Moresby European school after an outbreak of impetago. About 30 per cent, of the school’s 120 children contracted the disease which, if not treated, can cause boils and leave

facial scars similar to chicken-pox.

The outbreak was arrested and the school was reopened in a couple of days.

Mr. W. A. Hayden, who has been a resident of Lae for 16 years, re turned home in April after receiving medical attention in Sydney.

Advertisements & other items, p. 101 (2 items)

99

ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY, 1952

Kelson

Specialising in Pacific

Island Insurances.

FIRE—MOTOR VEHICLE—MARINE

—HULLS *AND CARGO-

EMPLOYER’S LIABILITY.

BONDS—in accordance with Administration Ordinances —COPRA Insured from drier to buyer—and all other classes arranged at lowest current rates.

Established Agencies throughout the Territory of Papua and New Guinea.

Managing Agents; New Guinea Co., Ltd.

Island Representative: G. D. A. Kent. Rabaul Branch.

Southern Pacific Insurance

co.. LTD.

Head Office: 60 Hunter St., Sydney.

KELSON and ROBERTSON Pty. Ltd

Established 1895.

ISLANDS MERCHANTS, IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS

J 1 Merchandise purchased for Clients at Best Factory and Wholesale rices. Original invoices supplied. Cocoa Beans, Coffee Beans, Shell and all Islands Produce sold on commission.

Intrust Your Requirements to the Firm with the Record of Fifty-seven Years’ Faithful Service to Island Clients.

Representing throughout Pacific Islands ;

ENERAL MERCHANDISE.—

E. WHITE AW AY & CO., England.

KUNST & ALBERS, Germany.

AOIMER COMPANY. Italy.

INCOVER COMPANY, Italy.

CALVERT & COMPANY, Sweden.

KANEMATSU & CO.. Japan.

World Renowned

SKANDIA DIESEL ENGINES.—

BERGBOLAGEN, Sweden.

SHOT GUNS.—

EL TRUST, Spain.

BEER.—

HOLSTEN BREWERIES, Germany.

NANDR Quality Products.

OVERSEA INDENTS

ARRANGED

FOR CLIENTS.

Managing Agents : " Tusculum "

PRIVATE HOTEL

Potts Point, Sydney.

KELSON

& ROBERTSON

PTY.

LTD.

12 SPRING STREET, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA.

Telegraphic address: “IVAN,” SYDNEY, ranch Office: Burke Building, Stanley Street, South Brisbane. Telegraphic Address “IVAN,” BRISBANE.

Money in Shark Livers

p. 102

102

THAT there is money in shark livers of the right type is shown by a report from New Zealand that a shark recently caught off Stewart Island contained a liver weighing 24 lbs. and valued at £l5 Stg., delivered unrendered to the buyers.

The vitamin content is reported to vary widely with different species, however; and, in the case of shark oil produced in the Islands, the yield per shark of the more common varieties is not high and the vitamin content lower than from the cold water types. Great care must be taken in rendering livers to avoid

high temperatures and to extract all water which, if left, will cause the oil to go rancid.

Moresby’s £5,000 Swimming

p. 102

102

Pool

MORESBY, April 30.

THE Port Moresby swimming pool appeal committee in April started an all-out drive to raise £5,000.

Headed by energetic Mr. Tom Flower, the committee is now run ning a weekly 10/- sweep on the main Australian race each Saturday and this is meeting with marked success.

So far, not less than £50 has been added to the fund each week from this source.

As soon as the fund reached £2,000 a start was made on the pool which is to be situated on Ela Beach at the foot of Lawes Road.

Veteran of the Morobe Goldfields, NG, Mr. O. P. Blanden, Mining Warden, departed in early April for three months leave with his family in Australia. Mr. Arthur Fry, Mines Inspector, who recently returned from six months leave, will relieve Mr.

Blanden.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 102-104 (4 items)

The Hygeia Dissolvenator

A Guaranteed Sanitary System

Approved by the N.S.W. Board of Health.

Established 1927.

No Water Supply Required

The Sewage matter is chemically transformed into 1 sterile solution which is absorbed by the surrounding soil.

NO FLIES—NO GERMS—NO

SMELLS—NO EMPTYING-

AUTOMATIC.

Any handy man can install.

Correspondence Invited.

HYGEIA SANITARY CO. PTY. LTD.

26-30 BRIDGE STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W.

Phone: BU 2521 Cables: “Berbl” Sydney m

Warnock Bros. Limited

AUCKLAND, N.Z.

Manufacturers of well known brands of Laundry Soap

“KIA ORA” AND “NATURU”

★ Obtainable from Auckland and Island Merchants

101

PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY, 1952

P-NG Experiments With Village Councils (Continued from Page 83.)

Day=oid Chicks

SUPERIOR

February to December.

FROM BLOOD TESTED STOCK.

Rhode Island Reds Australorps

White Leghorns.

50. 100.

PULLETS £7/10/- £l5

MIXED (PULLETS

and COCKERELS) £4/5/- £8

COCKERELS .. .. £3/5/ £6

AIR FREIGHT EXTRA.

(100 Chicks—l 4 lbs.) TERMS.—S/- in £ Deposit and Balance 10 days before despatch or foil amount Prices subject to alteration on Day Old Chickens sent to Customers in Pacific Islands, Ceylon, Hongkong, Sarawak, Indonesia and throughout Australia for Government Departments and Poultry Farmers. All consignments are accompanied by a Government Certificate of Health.

Special hatchings of Chickens for overseas are arranged to time with departure of planes to ensure the shortest time of the Chick from the Incubator to the Customer.

GORDON VALE STUD

Epping Road, North Ryde,

Phone: BANKERS.—RuraI Bank of New South 1 with order. variations in costs of production.

A customer in South Australia, who received 3,060 Chicks in 1951, advises that 4 were lost in transit and 2% to 3% in brooding. He states: “Wonderful and satisfactory results.

Your prompt and business-like attention sure appreciated—believe me.

Would it be possible to increase my order for 1,000 per week to 1,500 Pullets and Cockerels per week for 2 to 3 months?”

FARM & HATCHERY

Sydney, N.S.W., Australia.

Ryde 30.

fales. Head Office, Martin Place, Sydney.

(4 cn/tj

cnqj

Model LKSSI . . . kerosene operated . . . with a simple precision built freezing unit

guaranteed for FIVE YEARS means:

SILENT SERVICE, ECONOMY, plus LASTING

CONVENIENCE and COMFORT.

The refrigerator safeguarding food and health in thousands of Pacific Island homes. Here is the latest model with that extra capacity so essential in the tropics with the features you have been waiting for: • Ivory exterior in gleaming oven-baked enamel BON- DERISED for rust protection. • Storage capacity 55 cubic feet (approx.). • Interchangeable shelves for your convenience with provision for upright bottle storage. • Four freezing trays—one with double capacity—s lbs. of ice per freezing— -80 cubes. • Ice cream and frozen desserts made the Electrolux way with the new Recipe Book • Economical fuel consumption—uses only 1.8 pints kerosene per day (approx.). •

EARLY DELIVERY.

Ask your local Electrolux Agent for further particulars now.

PAPUA —J. R. CLAY & CO. LTD.,

PORT MORESBY.

T.N.G.—NEW GUINEA CO. LTD.

Or write to the Distributors. m J rrnj w rfrrrrFrrrrl jrrm W. R. CARPENTER & Co. Ltd. 16 O’Connell St., Sydney

Should Fijians

p. 105

105

Hunt And

Kill’ In Malaya?

Auckland, May 4.

rHERE has been strong criticism in Fiji of the new motto, “Hunt md Kill”, adopted by the Fijian Battalion in Malaya. A radio broad est from Suva on April 30 men ioning the motto, was from a record made by a member of Far East Land Forces Headquarters public relations >taff in Malaya.

Writing in the Fiji Times, a member of the Methodist Church !to which the majority of Fijians belong) protested against the motto md recalled a speech made in Aus :ralia ten years ago by the Rev.

Setareki Tuilovoni who said: “One hundred years ago missionaries came to Fiji and said to us, ‘No more war: Christians don’t fight,’; so there was no more war in Fiji until civilised people brought it back again.”

EDITORIAL NOTE— This is typi :al of the namby-pambyism which is the curse of the world to-day. The Malayan jungles are filled with murderers—human animals who :reep upon inoffensive and undefen ded people, and kill them without mercy, simply because the Muscovite Reds want it that way. The Fijian battalion was sent to Malaya as part of the free world’s effort to stop this horror. The only way to stop it is, with complete ruthlessness, to kill the murderers wherever they can be found, and drive them out of Malaya. If the Fijian jungle-fighters did not go to Malaya to “hunt and kill”, why on earth were they organ ised and sent off to that Country?

“Collapsed”

p. 105

105

According to a recent Notice to Mariners, seafarers are instructed to take note that the Eua Iki Light, in the Tonga Group, has “collapsed”.

However, it is not likely to be greatly missed; as mariners who have passed it will recall it appeared to have the approximate strength of one fair average trade candle.

Mr. Robert C. Symes, member of the BSIP Legislative Council and an old-established planter in the Solo mon Islands, was in Sydney on a combined holiday and business visit in April and May.

Tropical Hfaith

pp. 105-106

105

106

Lectures

Missionaries and others who propose to live in tropical re gions, and especially in the Pacific Islands, have been invited to attend a course of lectures in Tropical Medi cine and Hygiene, at the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney. The lectures will extend from June 11 to August 8, and will be given between 2 and 3 p.m. on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. There are no fees.

Persons interested should write to the Director of the School, Univer sity of Sydney (Telephone MW 1307).

Mr. Roger Gallyon arrived in the Solomons in January, from England, and took over the Melanesian Mis sion School at Pawa, in the absence of Rev. Derek Rawclitfe, who is attending a conference in the United Kingdom.

When Tofua sailed from Auckland late April, she took a consignment of 2,000 articles of clothing for dis tribution among Fijian hurricane victims, despatched by the Auckland Seventh Day Adventist Dorcas Wel fare Societies. Auckland Societies have recently despatched 850 gar ments to New Guinea for use where required.

A total of 7,000 first-day covers were cancelled by Apia Post Office when the new Western Samoan stamp issue came into use on March 10.

Mrs. S. Bronowski, of Port Moresby, after a brief visit to New Zealand, was in Sydney over Easter.

She expects to return to Papua shortly.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 105-106 (1 item)

Hercules

WONDER WHEELS N? I

The story of the name

u A m A / % •• 9/ *The very name Hercules stands for STRENGTH Of all the heroes of olden times, the strongest was Hercules. To-day the name still stands for strength unequalled, the famous Hercules cycle has proved itself the strongest in the world.

SOLD BY ALL LEADING DEALERS

Hercules

77te ff/tesfd/cyc/e To-cfoy

is 00/; THE HERCULES CYCLE & MOTOR CO. LTD., BIRMINGHAM. ENGLAND

EAS/15/65.

Allen Taylor & Co. Ltd.

COMMERCIAL ROAD, ROZELLE, SYDNEY.

Sawmillers and Wholesale Suppliers of Hardwoods for Constructional Purposes GIRDERS ... PILES .. . POLES . . . SLEEPERS, Etc.

Exporting to the Pacific Islands Since 1893.

All classes of merchandise purchased for Islands clients, throughout the South-west Pacific.

Islands produce sold on Australian and overseas markets on a commission basis. *

How Came the Chinese

pp. 106-107

106

107

In New Guinea?

THE statement, frequently made, that the German Government is responsible for the establishment of the now large and growing Chinese community in New Guinea is chal lenged by an old New Guinea resi dent, Mr. H. L. Schultze.

Mr. Schultze says that the Chinese who were admitted to New Guinea by the Germans, were limited strict ly to a few general traders—Ah Tam, Ah Kun and a third man who oper ated in a big way at Madang. These Chinese traders were allowed to bring in as employees a limited num ber of their fellow countrymen.

Nothing was done about the Chinese community while the coun try was under Australian Military occupation (1914-1921); but in 1921 the newly-established Australian Ad ministration interpreted the immigra tion laws of the Mandate in such a way as to permit the free entry of Chinese—and the Chinese, both men and women, entered freely for a couple of years.

It was this immigration, and not the handful of Chinese found there in 1914 which provided the basis of the present Chinese community.

After a couple of years the Australian Administration became alarmed at the influx of Chinese and withdrew the general permit to enter, and allowed entry thereafter only in par ticular cases, such as the close rela tions of Chinese already established.

‘Make Use Of New Guinea

Chinese’

“I think that Australia could turn the Chinese community of New Guinea into a helpful asset, instead of regarding the Chinese there as a ‘problem’ ”, said Mr. F. J. Macken zie, in Sydney recently. He was for merly manager of the Rabaul branch of the Commonwealth Bank.

“You cannot now get rid of the Chinese community, even if you wished. They are there to stay, as traders, artisans, planters, profes sional men. A wise Administration would appreciate the potential value of this human material, and would encourage the Chinese to regard New Guinea as their own country, and to give to New Guinea their personal loyalty and service. They could help very much in the task of settling and governing the country. Otherwise, if they are regarded as a community element without any fixed home, they might feel that they have no com munity obligations.”

to one member from each profession, art or line of business. Quota operates in USA, Canada, Mexico and Australia.

Sister Kathleen Gallagher of the Rabaul European Hospital arrived back from leave on the March Bulolo.

Torrential rains in Wau District, NG made havoc of vegetable gardens, races and roads in March-April. On March 25 the Big Wau Creek rose nine feet, washing away everything in its path as it changed course several times.

Mrs. Anne Selwood, who was a resident f Nukualofa, Tonga, for a number of ears when her husband, Mr. H. Selwood, as Principal of the Government Col ige there, is now living in Murwillumbah n the NSW North Coast. She is teach ig at the local Technical College while lr. Selwood is with the American Red ross in Tokio. Mrs. Selwood recently ecame Governor of the 24th District of [uota Club International Incorporated, [uota is a women’s organisation similar o Rotary, each branch being restricted

Advertisements & other items, pp. 107-108 (1 item)

AsprO

BOOKS

For Pacific Radio Amateurs

pp. 109-110

109

110

Conducted by Ex ZK-1-AC/VR-2-AK

Radio Skeds For Small Ships,

New Guinea/E Astern Australia.

Prom time to time we receive inquiries from yachtsmen and Masters of small ships in regard to radio-telephone skeds maintained by Islands stations. For the benefit of vessels proceeding to South Western Pacific waters we list the above.

Watch is in all cases maintained on 6280 k/cs and the coast stations reply on the frequencies listed.

Island Hams, for your own benefit make use of the Pacific Islands Net sked times, 0100/0700/1900 on all bands.

During the month I had an interesting letter from Roy Taylor, VK9AU, of Wewak, New Guinea, who apparently appreciates the idea of the PIM Ham Notes. I quote from his letter: “At present the Islands stations that I hear seem to have one of two ideas . • to work DX exclusively ... or to QSO the home town in VK. ZL or W. I have had very little success in contacting Islands stations, with the exception of KG6, signals from Guam being particu larly good around 0900Z. ... I am at present running about 60W phone and CW on 20 and 40, VFO . . . but will have

100 W and ... a more effective antenna soon.” So, gents, keep a look out for the voice of Wewak on the sked times.

We invite Hams in the Islands to write in with items of local Interest, especially regarding stations actually active and the bands they are using. News of what

Eastern Australia

Brisbane

Vib

6225 Continuous Traffic lists at: 0830Z & 2230Z Cooktown

Vic

6230 2000Z to 0900Z 0700Z &, 2200Z Rockhampton

Vir

6405 2200Z to 0730Z Except Sunday: 2330Z to 0300Z & 0400Z to 0700Z 0630Z & 2300Z Except Sunday:

C630Z & 2330Z

Sydney

Vis

6410 Continuous 0700Z & 2200Z Thursday Id. vn 6250 Continuous 0730Z & 2300Z Townsville'

Vit

6410 Continuous 0800Z & 2348Z

New Guinea;

Kavieng

Vjy

6225 Mon. to Fri.: 2200Z to 0200Z & 0400Z to 0615Z Saturdays; 2215Z to 0300Z Holidays: 2230Z to 2330Z Mon. to Fri.: 0548Z & 2248Z.

Sat. & Hols.: 2248Z only X.ae

Vje

6405 ■ Sundays closed Mon. to Fri : 2215Z to 0200Z & 0330Z to 0630Z.

Saturday?: 2200Z to 0300Z Sun. & Hols.; 2300Z to 2330Z Mon. to Fri.: 0600Z & 2300Z Saturdays: 2300Z Madang

Viv

6225 Same as Kavleng Mon. to Fri.: 0530Z & 2330Z.

Saturdays: 2330Z.

Holidays: 2300Z.

Port Moresby V1G 6225 Mon. to Sat.; 2100Z to 07302 Sun. & Hols.: 2300Z to 0300Z Mon. to Sat.: 0600Z & 2200Z Sun. & Hols.: 2300Z Rabaul

Vjz

6230 2000Z to 1400Z 0630Z & 2130Z Samarai

Vij

6410 Mon. to Fri.: 2200Z to 0215Z & 0400Z to 0630Z Sat.: 2200Z to 0300Z Hols.: 2300Z to 0000Z Sundays closed Mon. to Fri.; 0530Z & 2330Z Sat & Hols.: 2330Z Mon. to Fri.: 0610Z Wewak

Vjw

6405 Same as Kavleng & 2218Z Saturdays: 2218Z Holidays: 2230Z

goes on in your. Group is definitely in teresting elsewhere in the Pacific.

Island Hams in Sydney over Easter included VR2BJ and VR-l-D, according to" a local radio magazine, which also reports that Bill Scarborough, ZK2AA, Officer in Charge at Niue Island Radio, made a 50 mc/s 3,500-miles contact with VKSBC early this year. When Bill, with one of the rarest Pacific prefixes, paid a visit to the States last Y ear he was treated like a king in American Ham circles, it is said. Since his return with

large quantities of choice American gear Niue is becoming as well-known on the Ham bands as Honolulu.

Assistant Medical Practitioner Peni Vuiyale, of Fiji has been awarded a scholarship of £IOO stg., which will enable him to take a course ia anti- TB work in the United Kingdom.

The Government of Fiji has made him a special grant towards cost of passages, etc.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 109-110 (1 item)

CoVfl atlS

m F\N £

Telephone 136. Telegrams: “AKUN” RABAUL.

ALOIS AKUN & COMPANY

RABAUL, TERRITORY OF PAPUA-NEW GUINEA

Also at 180 NATHAN ROAD. KOWLOON. HONG KONG.

Planters and General Merchants

WE CARRY STOCKS OF:—

(1) Embroidered Silk ware, Carved Camphor-wood Boxes.

Eastern Fancy Goods. (2) The Best of Beers, in different Brands—“ San Miguel,”

“Red Horse” and “Three Horse.” (3) Cotton Piece Goods suitable for trade and issues. (4) Trade goods of all descriptions: Wholesale and Retail.

Prompt attention to all orders Sydney Representatives: NELSON & ROBERTSON PTY. LTD., Electra House, 12 Spring Street, Sydney, N.S.W.

MILLERS LTD. iiiiiiiiiiiia

SUVA ond LAUTOKA, FIJI.

Every Branch of Engineering and Building

(Qld. Div.)

p. 110

110

NG Memorial Scholarship (Qld. Div.)

The following donations have been received for the Queensland division of the New Guinea Mem-

orial Scholarship Fund:

£ s. d.

Received and ackowledged to July 31, 1951 452 15 5 Ian S. Levy, Daru, Papua 2 2 0 Refund from Bank of N.S.Wales 1 0 0 Mrs. Jamieson 1 1 0 New Guinea Club Towel Fund 1 18 6 New Guinea Sale Marmalade . . 3 6 Mrs. S. McCosker 1 17 6 Mrs. Haslam, following Xmas “Get Together” of Brisbane NG Assn 9 16 6 Mrs. S. McCosker 4 1 3 Mr. Nick Carter 1 1 0 Mrs. McCosker (Sale of Cakes) 11 0 £476 7 11

Advertisements & other items, p. 110 (1 item)

Forged Steel Quality Products!

Construction

Sawmillers and Timber Merchants; Shipwrights and Sailmakers;

Joinery and Furniture Manufacturers; Upholsterers; Plumbers;

Electricians; Hardware Merchants; Motor Dealers.

Agencies :

Chevrolet, Bedford, Vauxhall, Nash Motors, Land Rovers and Rover Cars.

Firestone Tyres. Prigidaire Refrigerators. G.E.O. Radio Sets. Priestman Excavators. British Australian Lead Manufacturers Pty. Ltd. Atlas Assurance Co. Ltd.

There is no need to send to Australia or New If! j[ II Ulllllllllllll f Zealand for Repairs or Replacements. We can 'I II II illllllllilllllll give you a sound Quotation and guarantee .. First-Class Workmanship.

HYTEST Axes, Hatchets (Tomahawks) Canoe Adzes

and Other Tools are

FORGED STEEL QUALITY PRODUCTS!

They have attractively finished green and bright heads, with green-tipped handles.

Available for IMMEDIATE delivery from any Australian Island merchant.

THREE-QUARTER AXES

23/4 lb. head (Ref. 1007 A) or with 28-inch handle (Ref, 1007).

TOMAHAWKS

V/ 2 lb. head (Ref. 1001 A) or with 16-inch handle (Ref. 1001).

HYTEST GREEN AXES are forged in one piece from speciallydeveloped alloy steel that’s tough but fileable. 3i, 4, 4 i and 5 lb. sizes. Heads only (Ref. 1011 AA) or with Handles—Hickory or Australian (Ref. 1011 HH or 1011).

Write for Your Complete List of Hytest Products to: —

CANOE

ADZES

Another special for Island traders (Ref. 1120).

HYTEST AXE & TOOL PTY. LTD.

(A Subsidiary of A.C.I. Ltd.) Collins Street, Alexandria, N.S.W., Australia.

Plea for Rabaul Footpaths

p. 111

111

WHY not a footpath or two in Rabaul?” asks one who signs limself “Disillusioned Newcomer.”

He proceeds: “In addition to making the streets safer for pedestrians, it would do something to remedy the bedraggled appearance of the town.

“To walk along Malaguna Road or Mango Avenue when there is traffic about- —and especially at night, when the pictures audience is dispersing : — is an unenviable experience. You either leap for your life, or take what’s coming—and that is usually a speeding lorry with a carefree native at the wheel ... I am sure the metropolis of the Bismarck Archi pelago can do better than this, if it wants to.”

Mr. and Mrs. W. Watson, of Rarotonga, were visitors to Auck land during April and May.

Mr. J. R. Mulligan (formerly Secretary of the Australian Depart ment of Territories) has been appointed Australian representative on the Board of the British Phos phate Commission. The BPC— now a huge organisation—works the phosphate deposits on the is lands of Nauru (a Trust Territory held jointly by Britain, Australia and New Zealand), Ocean Island (part of Britain’s Gilbert and Ellice Colony), and Christmas Island (in the Indian Ocean, and recently ac quired by Australasia). Mr. Halligan represents Australian interests, in relation to Nauru and Christmas.

He also is Australia’s senior Com missioner on the South Pacific Commission; and he goes periodi cally to New York to represent

Australia before the Trustee Coun cil of UNO.

Address Wanted

p. 111

111

Anyone knowing the address of Padre Sherwin, who served in the New Guinea Volunteer Rifles and Angau during World War II would confer a favour by sending same to the Editor of PIM. We have received from the backblocks of New Guinea a letter addressed to Padre Sherwin, but we cannot forward it because we have lost track of him.

Mr. R. Shepherd, of Rarotonga, former manager of the Cook Islands Trading Co., went to New Zealand in April.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 111-112 (2 items)

109

PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY. 1952

TALK-TALK

(Continued from Page 28)

Inquiries Are Invited

Concerning the Distribution and

Sale of All Types of

Merchandise in the

Pacific Islands

WE ARE AUSTRALIAN AGENTS FOR—

MORRIS HEDSTROM LTD., Fiji, Tonga and Samoa.

MILLERS LTD., Fiji.

8.5.1. P. GOVERNMENT TRADE SCHEME, Honiara.

G. fir E.I.C. WHOLESALE SOCIETY, Ta rawa.

MAX HALECK, Pago Pago, American Samoa.

Original Invoices Supplied. Quotations on Request. ★

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W. N.-Guinea?

pp. 113-115

113

114

115

What Next In

Interesting Recent

History Reviewed

By R. W. Robson

SEVERAL weeks ago, when it seemed that the Netherlands Government would concede to the Indonesians some right to share in the administration of Western New Guinea, Australia broke into the discussions, and let both parties know that any admission of Indo nesians to New Guinea would be most unfavourably regarded by Australia. Australia, in this, was supported by United States.

There now is developing a plan jnder which the Dutch will continue to govern Western New Guinea, jnder the supervision of a Com mission, set up jointly by Nether lands, Indonesia, Australia and United States. It appears that Indo nesia would consent to this, on condition that it does not surrender ts ultimate title to sovereignty in Western New Guinea.

It is not a pretty compromise. If t is accepted, it will not be settle ment creditable to Australia. It is /ital to the future of Australia and he South Pacific countries that the vhole of New Guinea be kept under European control, as some sort of i barrier against Asiatic aggression.

Po accept any guarantees from Indo icsians would be foolhardy, in the extreme.

A FAR better settlement is repre sented by the suggestion that \ustralia should purchase Western Vew Guinea from the Dutch, and idminister it alongside of Papua as Jart of its tropical territories—much n the way that United States bought Louisiana from France for 1U million dollars in 1803.

Indonesia would howl, of course; ?ut neither Australia nor Holland iced be concerned about that. India, Pakistan and Burma, which support [ndonesia’s claim to Western New Tuinea,| probably would be unhappy; ?ut their feelings in this matter are ess important than the maintenance >f the defensive barrier in New 3uinea, THERE have been many rapid . changes in this Indonesian iituation in recent months. The \greement between Holland and Indonesia, made late in 1949, (under vhich the Dutch, abandoned in 1946 ?y Socialist Britain and indifferent America, were compelled to sur ender to the Indonesians their lovereign rights in the East Indies) )rovided for a settling-down period )f two years.

Therefore, at the end of 1951, there was another conference at The Hague, for consideration of outstanding differences—the chief of which were Western New Guinea, the fate of Dutch investments in Indonesia, and the future of about 250,000 people of Dutch-Indonesian blood, who regarded the East Indies as their home.

The Hague Conference was still squabbling about Western New Guinea early in 1952, when pro ceedings suddenly were adjourned and the Indonesian delegates hurried back to Jakarta. This seems to have been due to two things.

The Dutch Government (which is led by Dr. Drees, a Socialist) was inclined to make concessions to Indonesia on New Guinea, on con dition that a guarantee was given in respect of Dutch interests in Indo nesia. This was bitterly opposed by non-Socialist interests in Holland— and also by Australia—and there were strong representations made on the point in New York, Meantime, economic and political troubles had been clustering ever more thickly around the Indonesian Government in Jakarta. The feeding of over 70 millions of people was no easy task for the Dutch; and under the Indonesians themselves the country’s economic machinery has been steadily deteriorating. This of course has been reflected in growing political troubles.

Apart from the revolution in the

Moluccas—which has been going on for two years and is now concen trated in a lively campaign between Indonesian troops and 20,000 gueril las in Ceram Island—there have been savage little outbursts all over the archipelago.

The Reds have been very busy. In August, 1951, the Government sud denly struck against Communist penetration and arrested hundreds of Red agents, and imprisoned them for a time. But they now are all free again, and they are again active, and making the most of the discontent created by economic dislocation.

So the delegates from The Hague returned to a turbulent situation.

There were a number of Govern ment changes and, from mid-Febru ary to early April, no. Government at all. Then a Dr. Wilopo, leader of the “National Party”, became Premier and is still carrying on, pending a general election.

The influence of the clamant and prominent Dr. Soekarno, collabora tor of the Japanese, seems to be

waning. It was he who said on October 28, 1944: “This (introduc tion by Japanese of conscription) is a very useful proposal because we now can take our share in the destruction of England and America.” And, on August 16, 1944: “Right and justice are on the side of Japan.”

The Hague conversations, discon

tinned in January, seem to have been resumed at the end of March, after Dr. Wilopo’s government took over.

They had gone a certain way in the direction of compromise (admittance of Indonesia to New Guinea) when Australia’s Foreign Affairs Minister (Mr. R. G. Casey) visited Jakarta and, early in April, let the Indones ian Government know (as per his statements in Australian newspapers on April 8) that the contemplated settlement was unfavourably re garded in Canberra.

Within the following month, various unofficial reports showed that there now is a move towards Joint Commission Control.

The thing is likely to take more definite shape as soon as the Indo nesian elections are over and there is a more stable Government. It is significant perhaps that there has been no move towards settlement through the United Nations Organ isation. Australia has “had” the United Nations, so far as New Guinea administration is concerned.

THE removal of the Dutch from the East Indies by the Western nations, after 350 years of successful administration, is the greatest tragedy of the post-war period. And the greatest tragedy within that tragedy is the fate of the quarter million people of Dutch-Indonesian

blood for whom the East Indies is their natural home.

These are a good type of people, literate, Dutch-speaking and gener ally enjoying European status. They are not wanted by the Indonesians and there seems to be no place for them in the Netherlands Empire.

There are 8,000 of them in Holland, but they are not happy there—they prefer a tropical environment.

Under The Hague agreement of 1949 they were given until Decem ber 27, 1951, to make up their minds whether they would have Dutch or Indonesian nationality. A few thous ands of them decided to become Indonesians: but 200,000 rejected the Indonesians and retained their Dutch status.

Since then, their condition has been deplorable. The Indonesians dislike them, and try to make their lives miserable, and the Dutch can do nothing for them. They have pleaded most urgently that they be assisted by Holland to make a mass migration as colonists to Western New Guinea, which is an enormous Territory, with only about one million natives. But the Dutch say that it is a most primitive region of vast swamps and great mountains, with only 300 miles of roads, and no labour supply, and few facilities to assist colonisation.

Unless the thing is tackled with vision and vigour, the colonisation of Western New Guinea by these folk does not seem possible. Yet their situation is unhappy, in the extreme.

TF Australia were run by Ameri cans, or any other people of foresight and tireless energy, I think I know what would happen. The Indonesian problem would be promptly settled by the purchase of Western New Guinea; some of the resources, both human and financial, which Australia now pours into Eastern New Guinea, would be diverted to Western New Guinea; quick preparations would be made on a big scale for the introduction and settlement of those 200,000 Indo- Europeans from Indonesia, and of sufficient non-indigenous labour to meet their requirements; and steps would be taken for the creation of a really worthwhile sub-Australian tropical empire in the great islands of New Guinea, Bismarck archipelago and, maybe, the Solomons.

It is an inspiring idea and, as I said, I could see the Americans doing it, and making a resounding success of it. But I cannot see it being done by Australia. Australia bas the men, and the means, and the iced, and the opportunity; but Aus ralia’s governmental leaders are so

shackled by bureaucratic ties and political inhibitions that they seem unable to get on with any really big plan.

Western New Guinea probably will be settled by compromise, along the lines indicated, and the Indo nesians sooner or later will be admitted to New Guinea. If that happens, Australia will deserve what it will get.

The Apia Bowling Club, which has been inactive for several years, has now been reformed. A large number of old and new members have been enrolled and the new club looks for ward to a successful initial season.

Mr. Phillip Woonton, well-known trader and pearl dealer of Penrhyn Island, Northern Cooks, was a visitor to Rarotonga in April.

Father A. Maye, M.S.C, returned to the Sacred Heart Mission station on Yule Island, in April, after two years’ leave spent at his home in Switzerland. Father Maye has been 15 years on Yule Island.

NZ fruit wholesalers will accept Western Samoan bananas in smaller cases than formerly but will pay the same price. This concession is equivalent to a rise of 20 per cent, in the price to the grower.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 113-116 (3 items)

111

ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY, 1952

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113

ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY, 1952

Acute Shortage Of

p. 116

116

Rice

Problems In The Solomons

Honiara, May 4.

NO unusual food shortage has existed in the 8.5.1. P. for Euro peans (as reported in Australia), though the arrival early in May of the R. C. S. Kurimarau, the Muliama and the Awahou provided a welcome variety of diet, including some potatoes and onions.

The rice situation, however, was described by a Government spokes man as “critical”. Owing to an un expected drop of 20,000 tons in Australian rice production this year, no quota of rice for the current year has been granted to the Protectorate by the Australian Government, which has stated that, while sympathetic consideration will be given to the Protectorate’s plight, nothing can at present be promised.

The Protectorate Government has almost finalised negotiations for the purchase of 500 tons of rice from Indo-China as an emergency measure.

Until the amount of rice obtain able from Australia is known, licences to import Australian rice into 8.5.1. have been issued only to the Government Trade Scheme, the Fairymead Sugar Co. and Lever’s Pacific Plantations, a small quantity being set apart for the Chinese settle ment.

Private employers of labour at present are unable to obtain import permits for rice to feed their labour, as permits cannot be graded until the amount available from Australia is known. Their only alternative to obtaining what the Trade Scheme, Fairymead or Lever's can spare them is to make their own arrangements for the importation of rice from countries other than Australia.

The rice shortage will not affect Protectorate natives in general* as they live on the produce of their own gardens, to a large extent. As well as providing an additional hardship to private producers, it could, how ever, seriously affect the economy of the entire Protectorate, since copra cannot be produced if rations for labour are not available.

Mr. L. R. Martin of Suva who was manager of the Fijian Rugby Union team that toured New Zealand in 1951 and Mr. P. Raddock who was coach, will be manager and coach of the team that will tour Australia in July.

Search For Gold In Fiji

pp. 117-119

117

118

Important Development Under Non-Socialist Regime

THE removal of the Socialist canker from the British Colonial administration has had one interest ing result in Fiji. The Fiji Govern ment now proposes to encourage a search for gold, by offering the pros pectors rewards instead of penalising them; and the Fiji goldmining com panies (Emperor and Loloma) have applied for prospecting licenses over 14,000 acres in the valley system adjoining Vatoukoula, and £200,000 will be spent on a geological survey, followed—if justified—by what is called churn drilling on a large scale.

The Tavua goldfield of Viti Levu, Fiji, is an unusual field in some respects. It contains a telluride ore —which is generally different to what is found in goldbearing regions of the Southwest Pacific—and when the field eventually was proved the pay able gold was limited to one small area (what is now Vatoukoula).

From the closely-grouped three mines of Emperor, Loloma and Dolphin some remarkably rich ore has been taken in the last 15 years.

The whole of the surrounding region was closely prospected, and abandoned as of too low value; yet there are many who still say that the rich gold already found in Viti Levu is' as nothing compared with what may still be discovered in the northern hills of that island.

Because of the ferocity of Aus tralian taxation, and the fact that most of the Emperor and Loloma shares are held in Australia, the companies have kept as much of their earnings as possible in Fiji, and the balance-sheets show a very healthy accumulation.

The late Mr. Theodore proposed to use some of this money in the development of a goldfield in Guadalcanal, in the Solomon Islands; but when the British Socialist Gov ernment came along with the new regulations, calculated to allow the BSI administration to seize a large part of any new mineral wealth un covered by private enterprise, he cancelled the enterprise in disgust.

It is hoped now that the search may be resumed in the Solomons.

IMJI has benefited enormously from 4 goldmining enterprise estab lished in Tavua by the Wren-Theo dore interests; but, of course, the three mines developed there, like all mines, have a limited life, and it is gratifying to know that a large part of the gold won from those mines is

now to be used in seeking for more gold-bearing ore, in the same island.

Fiji is a rich colony because it is a three-economy country—it has three substantial industries!, in the production of sugar, copra and gold; and anyone can see the wisdom of the Fijian Government in co-operat ing with private enterprise to keep the gold industry going as long as possible.

Never in history has a goldfield been discovered and developed by Government enterprise—Socialist or

any other kind—it is essentially a task for private enterprise.

Officials of the goldmining com panies told the Melbourne news papers on May 1 that the prospecting licenses had been applied for because of more favourable taxation con templated by the Fijian Govern ment towards the mining industry and the recent values disclosed in. churn drilling now in progress in the eastern section of the Emperor lease at Vatoukoula.

The programme recommended by the Chief General Manager (Mr. N.

E. Nilsen) covers about three years for an estimated cost of £200,000. including plant and equipment. (Continued on page 117)

Total expenditure will be shared qually by the three operating com lanies at Vatoukoula Emperor Jold Mining Co. Ltd., Loloma (Fiji) sold Mines N.L., and the Dolphin Jines Ltd. Any benefits from the roposed programme will be shared qually by these companies.

It is stated in Suva that the gold ompanies will spend £200,000 in iree years on prospecting, and that ic Fiji Government, by reducing old royalties and increasing depre iation allowances in respect of tax ble income, will make concessions

to the companies equal to about <£200,000.

Bound for Perth, WA on three months’ leave Mr. G. R. Lange, Health Inspector, accompanied by his wife, left Rabaul on April 26. A week earlier, at the Methodist Church, he gave away his daughter, Valerie June, in marriage to Mr.

Ronald Blackert, of the Common wealth Bank. At the reception at the New Britain Women’s Club, over one hundred guests were entertained.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 117-118 (1 item)

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Anzac Day In The Islands

p. 119

All over the Pacific Islands, on April [?] former servicemen of Australia and [?]ew Zealand lined up at the War [?]emorials to pay honour to Anzac Day.

In Port Vila, 24 men marched to a cere mony, which was presided over by Dr.

Jamieson, and attended by the Resident Commissioners of France and Great Britain. The photograph, by Fung Kuei, shows the men standing to attention during the service.

Nzac Day In Moresby

p. 119

Port Moresby. May 5.

WER a thousand Moresbyites * turned out in the darkness of nzac morning to attend the dawn rvice at Bomana. They travelled e 12 miles each way in seven buses id 350 other vehicles. A notable ature of this year’s service at )mana was a very fine address given r the Chief Judge, Mr. Justice F. B. fillips.

Members of the Royal Papuan Dnstabulary formed the catafalque rty, also paraded in strength at the a.m. service at Ela Beach. The md was in attendance, and 45 other five members marched.

About 150 European ex-servicemen d 24 PNGVR marched and the ■P aun Infantry Regiment, marching its own drums, made its biggest blic appearance to date.

There were approximately 1,500 iropean and 3,000 native spectators the late morning march.

Anzac Day at Wan

pp. 119-120

120

As a prelude to Anzac Day at Wan, NO, the R.S.L. held its annual Smoko at the Club.

On the morning of Anzac Day 70 Euro pean and 20 native returned servicemen marched to the local cemetery tor a service. The remainder of the day was

given over a sports and swimminj carnival; local children were specially catered for. Morning and afternoon tes and luncheon were provided for about 200 people.

And At Sohana,

Bougainville

BISHOP WADE, S.M., speaking at the Anzac Day ceremonies at Sohana, Nev Guinea (which were the best attendee celebrations to be held there for somu time) praised the courage and fortitudd of the Bougainville natives, who. in hii Lordship’s opinion, assisted and coc operated with the Coast Watchers more than anyone else in the Territory. Hii Lordship also spoke with feeling of thi ten thousand natives of his flock, in tin Northern Solomons, who were eithe: killed by the Japanese or died of starvai tion.

Mr. Alf Long, president of the locae branch of the R.S.L., and the Rev. Mn Cornwell, of the Methodist Mission: both spoke of the gallantry of the Aus« tralians against the Japanese in Nev Guinea.

After the celebrations, a lunch arrange* by the R.S.L. Secretary, Mr. E. R. BartJ Jett, was enjoyed by the local R.S.L. ann the visitors.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 119-120 (2 items)

117

ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY. 1952

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p. 120

120

Brother August Schaller, Ms[?]

of the Vunapope Mission, Kokopo, Ne[?] Guinea, who left Sydney recently by tH[?] "Roma” for Europe, on furlough, master of the Sacred Heart of Jes[?] Mission vessel “Waimana” (190 ft., 15 tons), well-known among the islands Bismarck Archipelago. He has been i[?] the Territory since 1933 and will be r[?] membered by many for his work at t[?] end of 1941 when, as skipper of t[?] Mission’s "Panlus”, he evacuated most[?] the women and children from Ne[?] Ireland, just before the Japs hit Ne[?] Guinea. Brother Schaller, who w[?] spend leave in Dortmund, Westphali[?] Western Germany, was a trifle relucta[?] to supply this photograph: "No one [?] New Guinea will recognise me in clenc[?] attire”, he protested mildly—"[?] usually on the bridge in shorts tropical rig”.

Advertisements & other items, p. 120 (1 item)

118

MAY, 19 5 2 -PACIFIC ISLANDS MON T H I

South Pacific Commission

pp. 121-123

121

122

123

Ninth Session Reviews Important Activities

rHE ninth Session of the South

Pacific Commission opened at

s headquarters in Noumea on Mon ay, April 28 and was expected to

ist about 12 days.: The following

ttended:

Australia

enior Commissioner: Mr. J. R, Halligan, Special Adviser to the Minister for Territories. ommissioner: Professor K. O. Shatwell, Professor of Law and Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of Sydney.

Iternate Commissioners: Mr. D. St. A.

Dexter. Officer-in-Charge of the South Pacific Sub-Section, Department of External Affairs. Mr. E. N. Kruger, Officer-in-Charge of South Pacific Com mission Section, Department of Terri tories. dviser: Mr. H. D. Anderson, Australian Consul. Noumea.

France

;nior Commissioner: M. R. L. Lassalle- Sere, Inspector-General of Overseas France and Senator of the French Es tablishments of Oceania, immissioner: M. A. C. Jouanin, Adminis trator of Overseas France and Chief of Cabinet, New Caledonia.

Netherlands

-nior Commissioner: Mr. N. A. J. de Voogd, Minister Plenipotentiary, Ne therlands Embassy, Canberra, mimissioner: Mr. J. A. van Beuge. New Guinea Division of the Department of Overseas Territories, The Hague, ternate Commissioner: Mr. P. J. Mer kelijn, District Commissioner of the Civil Service in Netherlands New Guinea.

New Zealand

nior Commissioner: Mr. C. G. R.

McKay, formerly Secretary of the De partment of Island Territories.

Iviser: Mr. D. S. Reid, Department of Island Territories.

United Kingdom

■ting Senior Commissioner: Mr. H. H.

Vaskess. C.M.G., 0.8. E., formerly Sec

retary of the Western Pacific High Commission.

Acting Commissioner: Mr. C. S. de C.

Reay, 0.8. E., Commissioner of Labour, Fiji.

Alternate Commissioner: Mr. H. A, C.

Dobbs, Assistant Secretary to the Wes tern Pacific High Commission.

United States

Acting Senior Commissioner: Dr. K. C.

Leebrick, Liaison Officer-Historian.

Trust Territory of Micronesia.

Acting Commissioner: Mr. C. G. Ross, Office of Dependent Area Affairs, De partment of State.

Advisers: Mr. R. S. Herman, Secretary of Guam; Mr. P. E. Haring, American Consul, Noumea.

Principal Officers

Secretary-General: Sir Brian Freeston,

Kcmg, Obe.

Deputy Secretary-General: Mr. John Ryan.

Deputy Chairman of the Research Coun cil: Dr. E. M. O-jala.

Executive Officer for Health. Research Council: Dr. E. Massal.

Executive Officer for Social Development.

Research Council: Mr. H. E. Maude.

Obe.

The Session is under the chairman ship of Mr. N. A. J. de Voogd. He has spent 22 years in Holland’s

foreign service, mainly in the Far

East.

Activities In Three Fields

A main task of the Session is to review the Commission’s work pro (Continued on Page 121.)

ramme. This covers 37 projects in le three principal fields of economic evelopment, health and social de dopment.

As Coconuts are the main crop of ic South Pacific, the Commission as appointed to its staff, to advise rovernments on measures for the svelopment of the coconut industry, Ir. W. V. D. Pieris, lately Acting 'irector of the Ceylon Coconut Re :arch Institute. He will work in lis region for two years.

To help Governments to meet a intinued expansion in world demand >r cocoa, the Commission recently Mr. D. H. Urquhart, late- Director of Agriculture in the Gold oast, to survey the prospects for >coa in the region. Mr. Urquhart is already began his tour, and camming the prospects for coffee, id tea as well.

Because supplies of fish—a basic ►od—are insufficient in some terri iries, while in most there are press g problems concerned with trans it!, storage, processing and market g, the Commission has organised a acific Fisheries Conference, which ill open at Noumea on May 14.

The Commission will have before at this Session the report of Dr. atala on the Gilbert Islands, which concerned with the economic pro ems of atolls generally. Among s many recommendations, he has :plained how coconut groves can 5 improved, pig production in cased, and fish resources protected, ithout upsetting the delicate balance !ween man and nature.

In the field of health, the Com ission nutritionist and biochemist e continuing their field and boratory research on diets of acific island children and adults, id on food values of the coconut id its by-products.

The Commission has engaged a >ted American specialist in leprosy, r. Norman R. Sloan of New York, undertake for the Netherlands ew Guinea Administration an in

vestigation into leprosy problems.

An important part is being taken by the Commission in a campaign against elephantiasis and filariasis, two mosquito-borne debilitating diseases prevalent mainly in the Eastern Pacific. On the recommen dation of last year’s conference in Papeete, the Commission is acting as focal point for collecting and dis seminating information on filariasis.

Professor J. P. Thijsse has just completed an islands survey, to de termine the types of native houses and public buildings most suited for the widely-varied climates and con ditions of the South Pacific.

To stimulate production of simple literature for island peoples in Eng lish, French and vernacular langu ages, the Commission recently set up the South Pacific Literature Bureau at its social development office in Sydney. Mr. D. B. Roberts, formerly Acting Director of the Central African Literature Bureau, is in charge.

The Fourth Meeting of the Com mission’s Research Council will open on June 10.

Mr. L. J. Dumbleton, Senior En tomologist of the Cawthron Institute at Nelson, New Zealand, has been appointed Plant and Animal Quar antine Officer to the South Pacific Commission, and is expected to take up his duties in Noumea at the end of May. Mr. Dumbleton has con ducted several surveys related to problems of plant and animal quar antine in Western Samoa and Cook Islands.

The protection of primary pro duce and livestock is of vital im portance in the South Pacific, in view of the growth of sea and air communications.

Two motor buses are now operat ing in Santo, New Hebrides, in opposition to Tonkinese taxi-jeeps whose owners find their incomes re duced as a consequence.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 121-124 (4 items)

119

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255 a GEORGE STREET, SYDNEY.

120

MAY, m 2 - PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHL

Acific Islands Monthlt May, 1952

N. Guinea’S New

p. 124

124

Timber Co.

Australia and Bulolo Gold In Partnership

AFTER long negotiations—the plan was first advanced under the Ward-Murray regime, three or four years ago—Commonwealth New Guinea Timbers, Ltd. has been: formed by the Australian Govern ment, and Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd., with a nominal capital of millions, to work the large stands of hoop and klinki pine, in the ranges around the Bulolo River, in the Morobe district of New Guinea.

The Morobe goldfield is being worked' out. It is hoped to replace the gold industry with a large tim ber industry, supplying veneer woods and high-class timbers. There are 500,000,000 feet of pine in the region under notice. It is proposed' to cut this at the rate of 10,000,000-feet per annum; replanting is to go-' hand in hand with cutting; so that,, when the first cutting is completed* 50 years hence, new forests will bet ready for the saw.

The Commonwealth will hold! 500,001 £.l shares and Buloloi 499,999 in a proposed issued capi tal of £1,000,000.

Further capital issues will be at: par, but it is not expected that: issued . capital will exceed! £1,500,000.

The first permit is for 100,000,000 board feet of hoop and klinki pine at an average rate of] 10,000,000 feet a year, with author ity to cut certain secondary woods in such quantities as may be de termined by the Administrator.

Royalties to the Administrations will be at the rate of 1/- to 7/a 100 board feet for the first five years, according to the species and class of timber.

The agreement provides for a* renewal of the original permit fori 10 years and permission to cut anr additional 100,000,000 feet of hoop: and klinki pine, plus a quantity oft secondary woods. If the partner ship proves satisfactory, the Com monwealth expects the remaining area of 40,000 acres, containing 300,000,000 super feet of pine,: should be harvested by the timben company.

Bulolo Gold Dredging expects & suitable return on the capital in-i vested. Certain equipment and: facilities will be turned over by* Bulolo to the timber company at a> valuation in part payment of capi-i tal subscriptions.

Advertisements & other items, p. 124 (1 item)

122

MAY, 1952 PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHL

Notes From Tahiti

p. 125

125

HRIENDS and neighbours gathered " around Mr. John Farnham ecently and complimented him warmly when, after formal trial, he /as found not guilty of a aisdemeanour charged against him q connection with a shooting in ident, several months ago. Mr. 7 arnham, awakened one night by a ioise in his room, saw a leg stick ag out from a bed, whereupon he red his revolver and wounded the itruder. The right of the house older to resist trespass is thus con rmed.

Mr. Dick Brown, of Rarotonga, wner of the Islands vessel Mahur ngi, got a surprise recently in apeete dry-dock. A bit of copper tieathing was hanging loose, and lore sheathing was removed to fleet repairs. This disclosed a large ole, and cut of the hole came six els of healthy dimensions. They mst have lived a long time in the ouble bottom: but how did they get i there? Dick Brown will have diffi ulty in telling that story in :arotonga—but it is true!

In a formal ceremony in Tahiti ecently, Captain Pommier, now of ar Tahiti, received the decoration f Chevalier de I’Etoile Noire Benin,

in recognition of his fine per formances in safely flying, across the Pacific, for a considerable period, the planes of TRAPAS.

Filthy Banknotes In

p. 125

125

Tahiti

A YEAR ago, the PIM published a complaint about filthy and torn banknotes in circulation in French Oceania; and subsequently a Bank officer in Papeete defended the sys tem, and said that much better currency now is circulating.

But in the last mail there came two letters from French Oceania, both insisting that the notes in cir culation are no better. One man sends us a 5-franc note, and it is about the dirtiest and most dilapi dated bit of money we have ever seen. (We are sending it on to the Bank in Papeete).

One writer says: “Everyone hates this filthy money, but one has to have some courage to publicly com plain—in this country they are too scared of the powers that be . . .

It is time someone told the world about the less glamorous side of Tahiti.”

Says the other writer: ‘To my knowledge, this dirty paper has been

circulating in this way for 35 years.

Prior to that, silver was used—up until the middle of World War 1. when it disappeared . . . The worst of the dirty stuff is in the outer islands; it is more sanitary in Tahiti.

The people should refuse to take it, and demand metal tokens. The Bank naturally will hang on to the cheap ly produced notes as long as it is allowed.”

Advertisements & other items, pp. 125-126 (2 items)

123

ACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY MAY. 1952

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When You Visit Tahiti, Don't Miss Calling on the Establish-

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COMPAGNIE “PU OFE”

(Directors: Walter Grand, Yeung Wan Pin) Store: Rue Colette, Papeete. Bar and Cafe; Rue du Marche, Papeete.

General Importers, Commission Agents, Wholesale & Retail Grocers, Butchers, etc.

Distributors of Smith Sons & Rees, Ltd., Sydney, Aust.—Cycles and Motor Replacement Parts.

Cables; “WALGRAND,” Papeete.

Australian A sent:

J. C. MERRILLEES PTY. LTD.

104 Hunter Street, Sydney, N.S.W.

Cables: “MERRILLEES,” Sydney.

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Deaths Of Islands People

pp. 126-127

126

capt. k. McPherson Captain kini McPherson, died in Suva aged 63 on April 30.

It was Captain McPherson who was instrumental in capturing Count Von Luckner at Wakaya Island in 1917.

After the raider Seeadler had been wrecked at Mopiha, Von Luckner and his crew made their way to wards Fiji in an armed motor boat and landed at Wakaya Island. Cap tain McPherson, who was sheltering with his cutter at Wakaya, recognised the language they spoke, fought his way through rough seas to Levuka and reported to the authorities.

Authority, in the way Authority has, was reluctant to believe him, but McPherson returned to Wakaya and watched the enemy party until a police boat arrived from Levuka and arrested Von Luckner and his men.

Captain McPherson is survived by his wife and a large family.

Mr. G. Gray.

Mr. George Gray, One Of

Australia’s leading geologists and mining engineers whose belief in the future of the Fiji goldmining in dustry did much to establish the Vatukoula mines, died in Sydney on April 22.

He was a protege of Sir Edge worth David and was associated with many big mining discoveries in the past half century.

While other experts were doubtful of the worth of the Vatukoula gold field he considered it good. Time proved that he was right. He was first superintendent of Emperor and Loioma goldmines in 1936.

He leaves a widow and two daughters.

Mr. Davis Wood

Advice has only recently been re ceived of the death early this year of Mr. Davis Wood, well-known and popular resident of New Guinea. He died after a heart attack while he was walking along the New Guinea north coast from Matapau to But, near Wewak.

He and his brother Tom went to the Territory in 1930 and became well-known as general builders.

Later, Davis went into the auc tioneering business which he carried on at Lae until his death. In the last six months of his life, however, he spent a considerable time in the Wewak district assisting his brother who had interests there.

He is survived by his wife and two schoolgirl daughters.

He was a member of the war-time NGVR and an enthusiastic worker for RSL enterprises.

Mr. L. N. Bean

The death occurred in Auckland, NZ, in April of Mr. L. N. Bean who until his retirement to the Dominion; 16 years ago was a well known far mer on the Waimanu River, Fiji.

He is survived by his second wife and three daughters of his first marriage.

Mr. J. D. Moore

Mr. J. D. Moore died in Suva at. the end of April, four days after celebrating his 69th birthday.

He was born in Vuna, Taveuni,, son of one of the early Methodist] Missionaries to Fiji, the Rev. Williams Moore.

Mr. Moore has been living in Suva* since 1939. He is survived by hiss

'ife, one son, Mr. J. A. Moore, and daughter, Mrs. Alec Wendt.

Mrs. A. T. Anderson

The death occurred at her home i Suva in April, of Mrs. A. T. mderson, who had lived in the Colony for 51 years.

She was born in New Zealand, he is survived by her husband and vo daughters, Mrs. W. Morris of \Z and Mrs. R. Marlow of Suva.

Miss A. M. Rice

Miss A. M. Rice died at her home

t Korotoga, Sigatoka, Fiji, on April

9. She was formerly a house-keeper t the CSR Company’s officers’ quar ts at Labasa.

Miss Rice went to Fiji in 1924 with er father, the late Major Thomas Lice, and her brother, Mr. W. V.

Lice. She is remembered with re pecl and affection by the many men /ho, as young officers of the CSR Company, owed a great deal to her fficient work and untiring care for leir welfare.

The funeral service at Suva was onducted by the Rev. H. W. Fig ess, rector of Holy Trinity pro- Lathedral.

Burns Philp Profits

p. 127

rHE accounts of Burns Philp & Co., Ltd., and Burns Philp south Sea) Ltd., both show profit icreases in the year ended March 1; but both say that this was made i spite of the higher and embarrass ig costs of operation.

The parent Co. made £332,734 £17,470 better than last year) and gain distributed 12i per cent.; and ie South Sea Co. made £99,573 ip £3,132) and pays 10 per cent.

The South Sea Co. is interested 'holly in Islands trading; but a very irge section of the parent Co.’s perations now is concerned with en ;rprises—especially retail store dis ibution—in Australia. The Co. wns chain stores throughout the Eastern Australian States.

Soapmakers' Problem

p. 127

VT HEN a Melbourne soap manu ' * facturer learned that he will have ? pay more for New Guinea copra, e said that soap prices must rise r the use of coconut oil in soap laking would soon have to be dis □ntinued. The oil now costs them, i the factory, £lBl per ton. Lack f coconut oil would lower the uality of soap; but people resisted ny demand for higher prices for 3ap.

Bem For Brave Fijian

p. 127