Pacific Islands Monthly - 24 September 1935

Twelve months ago, Henry Dexter (having studied the calendar, which showed a well-lived 68, and his bank-book, also quite satisfactory) sold his trading store at Milne Bay, near Samarai, Eastern Papua, and sailed for England, to end his days happily in his beloved Sussex. On September 19, Mr. Dexter arrived in Sydney by the Mongolia.

He told inquiring reporters that he found only misery in “shivering over a fire in London”—he would rather die in the sunshine. He leaves by the Montoro on October 5 for Samarai, where he will commence storekeeping.

Developmental Policy For N

N. Guinea and Papua

THE Minister in charge of Australia’s Pacific Territories, Senator Sir George Pearce, returned from Papua and New 'Guinea in September; and, on September 19, he said he had submitted to Cabinet •a report outlining a policy of development Tor Papua and New Guinea. It is under stood his proposals include; Control of Aviation—For the good of the country better regulation of air services was needed. Competition, at present, was unrestricted. Air transport might open up new country and provide a direct service to Australia.

Oil prospecting—Grants of rights over larger areas would encourage bigger efforts by prospecting interests.

Encouragement of companies to provide better shipping services.

Increased assistance for the rubber in dustry.

An inquiry into the copra industry, with a view to considering the position of purchase of expropriated plantations.

Promotion of Australian trade in the territories, including the question of pre ference to Australian goods in the New Guinea tariff.

The development in Australia of mar kets for the produce of the territories.

An inquiry into the value and possi bilities of the forestry products.

Rev. P. Clark, of Western Australia, who has been undergoing training at the George Brown Missionary College, N.S.W., left Sydney for New Guinea on September 12. He will be stationed at the Methodist Mission, Rabaul, New Britain.

Salote’S Ill-Luck

Illness Disorganises Australian Tour

ILL-FORTUNE has dogged the holiday ing footsteps of Dame Salote, Queen of Tonga, who arrived in Sydney in July to fulfil a round of engagements in New South Wales and Victoria, as the guest of the Methodist Mission Society.

She carried out her Sydney itinerary, and then became ill, and eventually had to undergo a severe operation in the War Memorial Hospital, Waverley. She left the hospital on September 21, satis factorily convalescent; but was unable to go to Victoria.

The Queen’s son, Prince Taufa-Ahau, accompanied by a young Tongan noble, Lubeti Finau, has gone to Melbourne to represent his mother at certain important celebrations of the Methodist Church in the Victorian western districts.

The Queen is now the guest of Rev. and Mrs. J, W, Burton, in Sydney. The disorganisation of her tour must have been a severe disappointment, as Salote has few opportunities of travel, away from her little kingdom.

On October 5, Queen Salote will sail by the Katoomba for Fiji, and will take part in the Methodist Mission centenary celebrations there.

Several hundred persons connected with the Methodist Mission will journey to Fiji by the Katoomba, which has been specially chartered for this purpose.

Long Litigation Ends in New

Caledonia

From Our Own Correspondent.

NOUMEA, September 3.

AFTER years of litigation, the Societe Forestiere, a timber company whose capital is largely Australian, has gained a favourable decision, in France, against the Government of New Caledonia. A considerable sum of money is involved.

Members of the directorate are expected here from Australia this month.

It was announced in the Melbourne Star of September 18 that “a reservation with mineral rights in Papua, covering 5000 square miles, has been granted to Moroka Dredging and Exploration Co.” A refer ence to this matter will be found on page 66 of this issue.

Copra Price

Optimism—With Political and Economic Uncertainty

THE copra market remains lifeless, despite the expectation of all good judges that there must be an early rise.

One uncertain, puzzling factor is the Philippines output (one-fourth of the world’s production) in relation to Ameri can consumption. U.S.A., for 6 months ended June 30, imported 88,000 tons of copra and 86,000 tons of coconut oil, compared with 124,000 tons and 94,000 tons in January-June, 1934. Everything indicates a great shortage of vegetable oils and fats in America: yet in recent weeks the American quotation has fallen, instead of rising; and Philippines copra, in consequence has turned to the Euro pean market and held down the price there. Normally, U.S.A. takes all the Philippines copra.

In Europe, at this moment (September 20), there is great political unrest and, in the economic field, much uncertainty about the future of the guilder. Huge quantities of gold are leaving Holland.

That, of course, must react unfavourably on the copra market.

London commentators remain undis mayed. They insist that, as soon as war alarms and excursions permit an inter national stocktaking, copra prices must increase.

Krupps Want Nickel

New Caledonian Monopoly

From Our Own Correspondent.

NOUMEA, September 3.

A private order was placed recently in New Caledonia by Krupps (the great munitions firm) for a large supply of nickel. It appears, however, that there is some difficulty in filling the order, on account of the monopolies that exist in connection with this ore.

Apparently, Canada and New Caledonia now hold a world monopoly of this im portant commodity.

Mr. Griffiths, the vendor of the Sun shine Chrome Mine, is still in Australia, seeking to finalise matters in connection with the sale.

Mr. T. G. Barnes, who has been ap pointed accountant of Guinea Airways Ltd., at Lae, New Guinea, left Sydney by the Macdhui on September 12.

Steamer day at Nuku alofa, Tonga. Natives packing bananas on the beach at Nukua lofa for shipment in crates to Auckland, New Zealand, by the Union Co.’s “Port Whangarei."

Fiji’S Rich New Industry

p. 8

Use of Australian Capital Offers New Trade Opening

THERE seems to be no doubt that a rich, new gold-mining industry has been established in Fiji, on the northern side of Viti Levu. Its birth, however, was at tended by so much mad speculation — particularly in Melbourne —that the actual value of the development has been under suspicion: many people thought that it was impossible that anything worth while could exist when so many rogues and near-rogues were active.

But the mines themselves have answer ed all doubts. Gold, assaying one to four ounces per ton, has been found in the Emperor mine—very valuable lodes indeed; while reports from the other mines, which cluster thickly around the Emperor (see attached locality plan), while not indicating such extraordinary values, go a long way towards justifying the dictum of Dr. Loftus Hills, that this field will prove to be as valuable as Kal goorlie.

Gambling to the point of lunacy has taken place in all Fiji mine shares; and, even acknowledging the remarkable rich ness of the lodes, many people still can not see there the extraordinary values that have been placed upon the field by the stock markets. The following figures, giving Melbourne buyers’ quotations for some of the principal Fiji gold-shares, will give some idea of what the markets have been doing in recent months:

A most interesting aspect of this de velopment of 1935 is that this Fiji gold industry, like the New Guinea gold in dustry, has been established by Australian initiative and enterprise and original Australian capital, with substantial over seas capital following the Australian lead.

If Australia can only seize the oppor tunity, the effect of all this must be a very substantial increase in the growth of trade with Fiji. Fiji is a large buyer of many things that Australia sells; but Australia has not prospered in this market in the past because Australia did not purchase Fijian products. But Australia, at present, is purchasing Fijian gold mines, in overwhelming measure, and thus there is being created an exchange posi tion which should help the sale of Aus tralian goods.

mid-July. mid-Aug. mid-Sept.

Aloha G.M. Co. .. b£S0 s£100 — Aloha Central s£16 b £26/10/- b£35 Emperor Co — b24/3 East Reefs b£5 b£16 b£ 16/10/- Fiji Corporation .. b37/6 b75/- b£6/15/- Fiji Gold bSO/- b80/- s70/- Goldmines of Fiji . b£5 b£13 £>£23 Koroere b22/3 b2S/6 b25/3 Loloma West b£4 b£3 b£S Nasivi Syndicate . b£5 b£14/10/- bl7/6 Viti Levu b70/- b60/- b40/-

Precautions Against

p. 8

“Wild Cats”

REPORTS from Suva, published.during

the month in the Australian news papers, indicate that the Governor of Fiji is making vigorous war tipon the “wild cats” of the new Fiji mining industry.

Good hunting!

It is a pity that other Islands admini strations\do not act similarly. There are quite a, £ew of the undesirable felines prowling about at present in New Guinea and Papua, but no one even troubles to throw a coconut at them.

The Fiji Government, on September 7, announced that a statement had been published in the press regarding the al-

leged activities within the colony of a company styled the Nasivi (Fiji) Syndicate N.L.; “The published statement mentions an alleged discovered gold field, Rakiraki, and says the field was inspected by the Fiji Mining Board, and is expected shortly to be proclaimed a gold area; also that a company will be granted prospecting licenses over a large portion, and a ten tative reservation has been granted the company covering about 7000 acres. It is further stated that a director visited the field at the end of July, and on his re turn to Australia advised the board to form a larger company to take over the whole of the syndicate’s interests. It is stated the shareholders will have the ex clusive right to apply on a basis to be determined for the whole contributing issue. The share market reacted imme diately to the new development m the middle of August.

“The Government of Fiji (proceeds the official announcement) considers it ex pedient to make the following comments: —‘The Mining Board has not visited any area in the neighbourhood of Rakiraki, and on the information at present before it the Government does not propose to proclaim a mining area in the Rakiraki district. The Government up to the pre sent is unable to see its way to grant any prospecting licences in the Rakiraki district, and the Nasivi (Fiji) Syndicate N.L. has received no tentative reservation or other concession from the Govern ment.’ ” .

On September 9, the Melbourne Stock Exchange Committee removed the names of Nasivi (Fiji) Gold, and a ‘ pup company, Raki Raki (Fiji) Gold Syndicate, N.L., from the official list.

The ambitious reports of Nasivi Syndicate, a Melbourne concern, were published' in Australia in August (and were summarised in the P.I-M. or August); and on those reports the £5 shares (paid to £2) o£ the Syndicate were quoted as high as £42. Aftei the Fiji Government’s statement, the shares were sold under panic conditions.

Later reports indicated that the Syn dicate’s directors had been gravely misled by someone.

The Totola Syndicate

A little later, in mid-September, an other concern came under fire.

Totola gSyhdicate, on August 13, an nounced that it had “closed with an option on a property situated in Viti Levu, comprising 500 acres of new auriferous ground. For the purpose of prospecting

and developmental work, the reserve shares will now be issued preferentially,” etc. Then there followed some details of mining operations.

The latter details (nine lines), as it proved, had nothing to do with Totola.

They had been supplied to the newspapers by another company, and added to the Totola report in error.

This paragraph was published in our August issue. On September 13 the Fiji Government announced: “The Government considers it expedient to make the following comments: (a) Totola Syndicate Limited is not regis tered in the Colony and, in consequence, is unable to hold any licence or lease under the provisions of the Mining Ordi nance, 1934. (b) No application has been received from Totola Syndicate Limited for a prospecting licence, (c) No con cessions of any description have been granted to Totola Syndicate Limited by the Government, (d) The Government has no knowledge of the mining opera tions referred to in the statement.”

It then transpired that the details of mining operations contained in the report did not refer to the Totola Syndicate at all —they had been included in error—and, therefore, (d) of the Fiji Government’s statement was not justified. As for the remainder ( (a), (b) and (c) ), the chair man of Totola Syndicate Limited (Mr.

F. F. Munro, of 117 Pitt Street, Sydney) made the following statement: A prospecting licence had definitely been granted, but was not in the com pany’s name. It was in the name of three private people, who had granted the company a free option over a property situated at Nativi, for two months, with the right of extension for a further four months on the payment of £lOO. If the option should be exercised at the end of either two months or six months, the option agreement provided, he said, for the payment to the vendors of £5,000 cash and 10 per cent, in shares of the nominal capital of any company formed to work the option, as consideration. Mr.

Munro added that developmental work was being carried out under the direction of Dr. Guy Harris, and two parties of natives, each under a European, were working on the option.

Locality plan of part of the Tavua Goldfield, Fiji, showing the approximate position of the first dia mond drill bore on the field, sunk by Tavua Gold Developments, N.L. The bore has cut lode show ing 2 to 8 dwt. at an inclined depth of 177ft. or a vertical depth of 120ft. The light, wavy lines show the position of the lodes.

Advertisements & other items, p. 8 (1 item)

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New Guinea

p. 9

Native Protest In

Alleged Government Threat to Seize Land

The following article which was dated “Rabaul, September 14,” and which carried startling headings, was published in “The Herald,” Melbourne, on September 14:— WHAT is probably the most serious native trouble the Administration has had to face since the native mutiny during the Wisdom-Page administration in 1929 has broken out, following an at tempt to seize a large area of ground which comprises coconut groves and food gardens owned by the Matupi village natives.

The Administration states that the ground is required for the erection of an aerodrome.

Matupi is a show village, situated two miles from Rabaul, and the inhabitants are reckoned to be the best educated and most advanced natives in the territory, comprising amongst them taxi-owners, printers, bookbinders and skilled trades men of every description.

Great secrecy was observed previous to the seizure when Government surveyors marked the area, and recently Matupi natives visiting their holdings were driven off by Government employees and threatened with imprisonment. Immedi ately the Matupi villagers held an in dignation meeting, at the conclusion of which hundreds of the inhabitants, in cluding men, women and children, marched to Rabaul to demand an ex planation.

Missions of every denomination and many white residents are strongly sup porting the native view, pointing out that another suitable site for an aerodrome can be found nearer to Rabaul. It is also recalled that Messrs. Ball and Wal stab, who have been conducting the negotiations for the Administration, came in for severe public criticism during the 1929 mutiny.

Natives throughout the district are clamouring for the return of the previous Administrator, General Griffiths, who, they state, treated them like human beings and not like “wild dogs.”

General Wisdom was for many years Administrator of New Guinea and re tired recently. Mr. H. Page is a pro minent official in the Administration. He is a brother of the Leader of the Country Party, Dr. Earle Page. Brigadier- General McNicoll, the present Adminis trator, was M.H.R, for Werriwa during the first Parliament of the Lyons adminis tration. He has a distinguished war record, and after the war he became Principal of the Presbyterian Ladies’

College at Goulburn.

Whether by accident or design, a strong body of native police in charge of a native sergeant, and armed with bayoneted service rifles, was drawn up on the Rabaul-Matupi Road, but, dis regarding them, the natives quietly pro ceeded to Rabaul and requested an inter view with the Administration. This was not granted, but later an official named Walstab visited Matupi and told the natives in the name of the Government that they must sell the ground. In reply a native spokesman bitterly denounced the bad faith of the McNicoll-Page Ad ministration, pointing out that the land seized was vitally necessary to the in habitants.

They recalled that previously the Gov ernment had seized a big area for a native hospital, promising that no more would be taken; nevertheless, shortly afterwards, another big area of coconut groves was seized for the erection of a racecourse; and, following this, a big area was taken to provide golf links. Should more land be seized the natives would face starvation.

Feeling is running very high, as the Matupi kanakas swear they will oppose force to force and the Government will only secure the ground “when every throat in the village has been cut.”

Another official named Ball is now endeavouring to persuade the villagers to give up the land peacefully.

EDITORIAL NOTE.—We have reprinted the above exactly as it was published. Pending some further information, we refrain from comment upon the merits of the situation. We refuse to believe that the Administrator has acted in the high handed manner described. The tenor of the article suggests that it was written by some one bitterly hostile to the Administration, and of a mischief making disposition.

Administrator States The Position

p. 9

Position

We radio’d Rabaul and asked if we might be advised of the actual position, and, on Septem ber 18, the Administrator very courteously sup plied the following statement:— “The Administration, seeking a site for a possible aerodrome, caused a prelimin ary survey to be made of possible avail able land in the vicinity of Matupi.

“The natives protested, on the ground

that the alienation of further lands would interfere with their food supplies, and were exercised because marks indicating a survey had been placed.

“An officer, detailed to make a full in quiry into the position, is domiciled in the village, and his report is awaited.

“The native representations were made in orderly fashion, and no incident is known which might suggest a revolt.

“The normal procedure to acquire land, by making a preliminary survey and then to negotiate for purchase, has been fol lowed in this instance.’’

Administration’s Dilemma

pp. 9-10

A CORRESPONDENT, “Veritas et Jus titia,” writing from Rabaul on Sep tember 9, comments on the situation: The ideal place for an aerodrome is the flat area between the town of Rabaul and Matupi native village. This area is in two large, unequal parts, which are owned respectively by the Administra tion and the Matupi natives. The Ad ministration’s part is closer to Rabaul and was made a public reserve only last year, and is used as a combined golf ground and racecourse. The area could with very little trouble and expense be made into an ideal aerodrome. The area owned by the natives is heavily planted with coconuts and banana gardens.

The Matupi people number at present approximately 1,000 and have consider ably increased in recent years, and obtain the major portion of their food from their adjoining land.

In recent years, portions of the native lands have been alienated for hospital

Five thousand Samoans watched the ceremony in July when General H.

E. Hart unveiled a memorial at Manono to Rev.

Peter Turner the first Euro pean Methodist missionary to Samoa, who landed there 100 years ago. The photo. shows some of the Samoan chiefs and Methodis missionaries, who took part in the procession seated before tho memorial stone Photo, by Rev J. W. Burton, in the “Missionary Review.”

and compound purposes, while last year a request was made by the Administra tion that the people should cede another strip to complete the reserve. When the natives were reluctant to part with any more of the land, obviously necessary for them to produce food and firewood, the Administration, after enquiry, admitted that the people had no more land than is necessary to provide for their reason able requirements; and that if the natives would agree to cede this last strip of land the Administration would not alien ate another inch of the natives’ land.

This information, at the Administra tion’s request, was communicated to the natives explicitly by the local Catholic missionary (Father G. Madigan) through the medium of the native lan guage.

In the circumstances, one would think that the Government reserve would be chosen for the aerodrome and the natives left in undisputed possession of what is admittedly necessary for their existence.

Rabaul has a population of about 750 Europeans, and approximately 35 play golf intermittently; while races are held only a few times in the year. Very little inconvenience and no loss would be in curred by asking the clubs to withdraw from land that does not belong to them.

A few weeks ago, surveyors appeared on different parts of the area in ques tion; and, when they crossed over into the portion owned by the natives, the people became uneasy. The Administra tion again sought the aid of the Catholic missionary to assure the people, through their own language, that they were not to be alarmed, as the Government sur veyors were merely marking out the land in the vicinity owned by the Adminis tration. Imagine the consternation of both missionary and people when, on September 5, surveyors with native labourers were marking and pegging the portion of the land owned exclusively by the natives for the aerodrome, and leav ing the Government reserve entirely un touched.

During the process 64 coconut trees and 24 banana trees were cut down. The land has not been resumed and not one of its owners had been apprised of what was contemplated.

Naturally, the almost frantic people, who believed the official information com municated to them by the missionary, appealed to the missionary, and when the latter approached the same responsible official who had emphatically stated that nothing had been determined and that the surveyors were on the area for an entirely different purpose, he learned for the first time that a very large portion of the natives’ land had been marked for an aerodrome. The indignation of the ■natives was difficult to control —practically the entire population went to Rabaul to protest against the injustice. An offer was made that the people should give the land in exchange for some place far distant from their home.

The people have now been assured by the responsible official that the Adminis trator has ordered that nothing shall be done until he has had an enquiry made as to whether the people have sufficient land to grow their food; and that an official will enquire next week.

The position of the Administration is unenviable. Everyone admits the neces sity of the proposed aerodrome. Experts say the land in question is the only suit able site available. A choice must be made between alienating land admittedly neces sary for the existence of the natives, or incurring the displeasure of the few European golfers and the racing club.

Forty-four Years in Papua

p. 10

Canon S. Tomlinson

A SMALL man in black cleric garb, with a kindly sun-tanned face and trimmed white beard, stepped off the Macdhui in Sydney on August 30 to spend holidays in Australia after 44 years of work in Papua as an Anglican missionary for the Australian Board of Missions. He is the Rev. Canon Samuel Tomlinson, one of the most picturesque personalities in Papua.

Canon Tomlinson has a remarkable missionary record. As a young man he settled in 1891 on the then savage north east coast of Papua with his wife, Rev.

Copeland King and Mr. McLaren. He took part in the first Church of England service at Wedau, Bartle Bay, held in the open air and conducted before a semi hostile crowd of natives. Shortly after wards hillmen from the interior descended in battle array to kill and eat the white strangers, only to be bought off with 40

pigs by the tribesmen whom the little band had won over with their Christian tpa china’s In thef 44 years that have passed, Canon Tomlinson has watched the steady growth of missionary work in the territory and his crowning joy was to see the building this year of Papua’s first cathedral at Dogura Of the original pioneering group, Mr. McLaren died and Mr. Copeland King abandoned his duties through illness, but Mr. and Mrs. Tomlinson were determined to remain.

To-day they live on a green, foliageclad hill overlooking the narrow strip of beach where the first service was held.

Though they are nominally in retirement, they refuse to give up their work and tirelessly persevere with their activities among their brown-skinned congregation.

Canon Tomlinson with a Papuan native Photo by courtesy of Australian Board of Missions.

Pacific Health

pp. 10-77

Doctors Discuss Islands Medical Problems

\ TTENDED by doctors from all parts of the Pacific zone, the Second Inter national Pacific Health Conference was held at the School of Tropical Medicine, Sydney University, on September 3-6.

Delegates present were: —Dr. E. T. Brennan (New Guinea), Dr. W. M. Strong (Papua), Dr. L.

S. Duke (Norfolk Is.), Dr. P. J. Monaghan (Samoa), Dr. J. H. L. Cumpston (Australia and Nauru), Dr. H. B. Hetherington (Solomon Is.), Dr. A. H. B. Pearce (Fiji and Gt. Britain), Dr.

F. E. Montague (Gilbert and Ellice Is.), Dr. C.

L. Park (League of Nations), Dr. Wu Lien-Teh (China), Dr. G. Katoh (Japan), Dr. H. de Rook (Netherlands East Indies), Dr. G. A. Ryrie (Fede rated Malay States), Dr. C. E. Cook (Northern Territory), Sir Raphael Cilento (Queensland), Dr.

E. S. Morris (N.S.W.), Dr. M. H. Watt (N.Z.).

Points made by the various speakers: Dr. J. H. L. Cumpston (Federal Direc

tor-General of Health) —Since the first conference in 1926 co operation between the various Pacific territories has developed materially, with a correspond ing increase in the control of tropical diseases. The whole question of ill-health resulting from defective diets was of extreme importance to the Pacific Islands, and the League of Nations might inquire con cerning diets in territories where the natives were under European domination which were generally deficient in the protein elements.

Dr. G. A. M. Heydon—Al though there was almost an entire absence of tuberculosis in the inland areas of New Guinea, the disease might spread there with civilisation, its presence in coastal regions was pronounced. Owing pos sibly to diet and sleeping in unhealthy surroundings, the natives were very susceptible.

Dr. Strong—With a view to building up the resistance of Papuans against tuberculosis, the Administration was issuing codliver oil free to natives.

Dr. A. H. B. Pearce —Makogai serves as the central leper hospital for the whole of the Central Pacific. It was dif ficult to estimate how long leprosy had existed in Fiji, but the fact that the Fijians had worshipped two gods of mythology who had suffered from the disease indicated its long history.

Dr. Strong (Papua)—ln earlier days a form of yaws in the Pacific was regarded as leprosy, and later as lupus. Moder n methods of treatment were meeting with success. „„ Dr. Park—The League of Nations was instituting an inquiry into the value of certain drugs in the treatment of malaria.

An ‘exhaustive trial would be made undei scientific control in Italy and Africa, Br. E T B re nnan—The New Guinea Administration was planting cinchona succiruhra (quinine) with a view to pro ducing totaquina for issue to natives as an an ti- ma laria measure, Pro fessor Harvey Sutton—A paper on « Diets in Relation to Climate, Race, Work, jjealth and Survival,” told what is being

(Continued On Page 75)

done in Papua and New Guinea, and in the laboratories of the School of Tropical Health and Medicine.

Dr. F. W. Clements —The casual organ isms of tropical ulcers were spirochetes and fusiform bacilli. A survey last year of Papuan and New Guinea natives showed 90 per cent, of adults harbouring these organisms in their mouths. Tropi cal ulcers were most common where the inhabitants lived almost entirely on native sago. Where they augmented their diet by fish and taro there was a noticeable decrease of the disease. The introduction of proteins (taro, etc.) had a marked effect in reducing the number of cases.

Dr. Cumpston—An order made by the Nauru Administration several years ago forbidding natives to drink palm wine, fomented by yeast, caused an outbreak of beri-beri, particularly among infants, and it was necessary to use substitutes, in cluding codliver oil.

Dr. W. M. Strong—A handful of doctors had to care for 300,000 natives. The health authorities sought the assistance of the more intelligent natives, to whom they taught the rudiments of medical practice. The scheme had been success ful, and the native medical assistants were allowed to attend to a great deal of work. One of the Papuan medical students, Lahui Ako, read a paper to the conference, relating in simple language their duties in the inland areas.

“Papuan Wonderland”

p. 11

this page are reproduced a selec tion of photographs (kindly supplied by Mr. Jack Hides) which show clearly the distinctive types of people found on the hitherto unknown Central Papuan plateau by the Hides-O’Malley expedi tion (described in the August issue).

There is a striking resemblance between these people and those discovered two years ago by Messrs, Leahy and Taylor in the Mount Hagen district, New Guinea.

Photographs show: Top: A group of wigged men of the Waga- Furari district. Centre, left: One of the tall, slim, light-coloured brown-haired people of the Tari Furoro district. Centre, right: Natives of the Tari Furoro district, carrying axes, with keen, sharp blades of hard, green stone. (These are apparently similar to Mt. Hagen axes). Lower; One of the carefully-laid-out plots of spinach, Tari Furoro district.

Island ’Dromes

p. 11

Americans Interested In Equatorial “Dots of Land”

A MERICAN interests are proceeding actively with the plan of establishing trans-Pacific aerial services.

Planes, already, are flying between San Francisco and Honolulu. A line of Islands aerodromes has been constructed between Honolulu and the Philippines, and regu lar services will be commenced at any time. Now the Americans are turning south, preparing for a service from Hono lulu to New Zealand, via Fiji and Samoa.

A fourth Pan-American Airways’ ex pedition to continue the survey of the air route to Australia left Honolulu on Sep tember 9 on board the U.S. coastguard cutter Itasca for Jarvis, Baker, and How land Islands, near the Equator. There are seven Hawaiians aboard to relieve the parties which were left at those islands four months ago to make daily weather reports.

The expedition, which is under the direction of the United States Department of Commerce Aviation Bureau, includes Mr. J. Walter Doyle, Collector of Cus toms at Honolulu; Lieutenant C. W.

Johnson, a navy airman; Captain H. A.

Meyer, who is in charge of the technical equipment; Captain M. B. Durette, with four army technical experts as assis tants; Mr. William T. Miller, of the Department of Commerce, Hawaii; and Mr. A, L. Fullard Leo, the owner of Pal myra Island.

Dr. Dana Coman, owner of the yacht Kinkajou, who has set up radio stations at three American camps on the Pacific islands, will shortly visit Fanning, Christ mas, and possibly other islands. He ex pects Mr. Harold Gatty, the famous American airman, to join him in his tour.

Jarvis, Baker, Howland and Palmyra Islands are all little dots of land, bleak and uninhabited, lying near the Equator.

Until now, they were regarded as of no value, except for some deposits of guano and a few coconut palms. Jarvis seems to be ownerless; Palmyra, a few years ago, was owned by Judge Cooper, of Honolulu; and Baker and Howland are included in the Phoenix Group (British).

Judge J. H. Luxford, S.M., of Welling ton, New Zealand, arrived in Samoa in August to carry out Circuit Court duties.

Extensive Aerial Survey

Dutch New Guinea

Extensive Aerial Survey Planned

From Our Own Correspondent.

WAU, August 22. its formation in Holland 18 months ago, the New Guinea Com mittee, under the presidency of His Excellency Mynheer D. Fock, Minister of State and former Governor-General of Dutch East Indies, has been very actively engaged in gathering and collating all possible information concerning Dutch New Guinea and, to a lesser degree, Papua and the Mandated Territory of New Guinea. The time has now arrived when the Committee is to put into opera tion its plan for the economic develop ment of D.N.G., which until now has been virtually stagnated.

Almost immediately the Netherlands New Guinea Petroleum Company (60 per cent. American and 40 per cent. Dutch capital) will commence a large scale search for oil in the Dutch possession.

The oil investigations will be started by an extensive topographical survey of an area of 25 million acres allotted to the big oil companies. This work is to be carried out by three twin-engined aero planes under the direction of Flying- Captain de Ruyten van Stevennick, late of the D.E.I. Airways, a sister company of the N.L.M. (Royal Dutch Airways).

The search for oil will be followed by gold exploration carried out by the Nederlandich Nieuw Guinea Mynboun Maatschappij (Netherlands New Guinea Mining Co., with 49 per cent- British, and 51 per cent. Dutch capital). The British capital was supplied mostly by Oroville Dredging Co., whose mining area adjoins their Fly river area in Papua. The British company also has another block near Manokwari, where Dutch Government mining engineers found gold traces.

Solomon Is. Trading

Letter to the Editor. ■DEGARDING the prices alleged by “Non-Trader” as having J>een charged the natives by a British trader in the Solomons, all I can say is that the prices enumerated are, without exception, ex actly double those charged by the generality of British and Chinese traders in the Solomons.

The internal evidence of your corres pondent’s letter reveals to any experi enced Islander: (a) That the natives were pitching a “tale of woe” into “Non- Trader’s” receptive ear. (b) The British traders mentioned were exceptional freaks. Like any other body we British traders have our museum pieces.

In any case, the articles quoted— pencils, writing pads, metal and boot polishes, rubber shoes (in a largely un educated and barefooted country)—taken in the mass are scarcely worth while for the trader to stock, as they constitute perhaps only one half of one per cent, of his total turnover. He carries them more for service than for profit.

I am etc.,

Leslie F. Gill (“Trader”).

Gizo, S.I.

June 14, 1935.

Papuan Medical

Trainees

Third Party Arrives For Sydney University

A THIRD party of 17 Papuans, of ages ranging from 15 to 24 years, arrived in Sydney by the Macdhui on August 30 to undergo six months’ training in elementary medicine at Sydney University.

Th£y were accompanied by Dr. Walter M.

Strong, Chief Medical Officer of Papua, who came South to attend the. Pacific Health Conference.

Neatly dressed in Boy Scout uniform, the Papuans attracted considerable attention in Sydney and were the centre of interest at the Health Conference on September 6 when Lahui Ako, one of the students, read a paper dealing with their medical work in Papua. This paper had been compiled in conjunction with another native medical assistant, Morea Toua. During their stay in Sydney, the party will live at the Quarantine Station, under the care of Pro fessor Harvey Sutton and Dr. F. W.

Clements (tutor) of the School of Tropical Health and Medicine.

Some interesting material concerning the work of the Papuan students has kindly been supplied to us by Dr. Strong, and an article dealing with the system of training natives to be medical assistants in Papua will appear in next issue.

Cocoa-growing in New

Guinea

IN a letter to the Editor of the Pacific Islands Monthly, Mr. J. Nixon-West wood, of London, who was formerly a planter in the South Seas, makes some comment on the cocoa industry in New Guinea “l have read the May issue with great interest,” he writes, “but cannot say that I agree with the New Guinea authorities on agricultural questions.

“I have yet to learn that the young would-be-experts who are attached to agricultural divisions can gather much information of use to the planter by lightning visits to various parts of the world. When all is said and done the methods employed in the production of cocoa in the West Indies and Ceylon, etc., are not in any way applicable to the South Seas.

“The system, although perhaps based on one, may I say, formula, must neces sarily be altered according to climatic conditions, and any man who grows cocoa and who studies the local conditions sufficiently well to enable him to take care of the fermentation of the beans and then properly cures them cannot fail to produce a good marketable product. All the visits in the world are useless unless the man who is the actual grower realises the foregoing.

“I am afraid I must repeat myself when I say that if the Adminstration of New Guinea is really anxious to produce mar ketable cocoa beans it has, at its door, experts in the shape of German planters who are resident in Samoa, and having worked with them I can vouch for their knowledge of this branch of agriculture.”

Mr. Allan Bowler has accepted a seat on the board of directors of Viti Levu Gold N.L., of Fiji.

Transport

New Guinea Aerial Transport

THERE have been some changes in the increasing fleets of aeroplanes which carry on the New Guinea goldfields ser vices.

Guinea Airways Ltd. have lost three machines lately. Two small Moths were smashed on the aerodromes owing to engine failures and one—and probably both —will not be regarded as repairable.

A De Havilland 31, one of the fleet which Guinea Airways recently bought) from West Australian Airways, crashed on Wau aerodrome on its first flight in frorrv the coast, and was badly wrecked- No one was injured in any of these accidents.

It is expected that Guinea Airways will introduce new machines in place of those damaged.

It is reported that some firm or person is bringing four 14-seater Douglas machines to Sydney, to be re-shipped to New Guinea, but no such machines have been ordered, as far as can be ascertain ed, by any of the aviation companies operating in the Territory.

The Pacific Aerial Transport Co., of Sala maua, New Guinea, has added a four passenger aeroplane to its fleet. Kevin Parer, in charge of P.A.T., wirelessed his agent in Melbourne to secure a ’plane and ship it all haste. The order was received on September 5. After a hurried search, the agent located a machine built in Mel bourne six years ago, but not then in com mission. Within a few hours, mechanics were working to overhaul and refit it. On September 7 the machine, a De Havilland 50, was shipped by the freighter Wear to Sydney, arriving on September 10. The aeroplane was unloaded at Sydney and taken aboard the B.P. liner Neptuna. It was landed at Salamaua on the 19th, just a fortnight after the order reached Melbourne.

Enterprise at Wau

Flourishing Farm

Success of Hunter Kirke’s Enterprise at Wau

From a Special Correspondent.

WAU, Sept. 2.

Thoroughness is a synonym for ex-Digger Hunter Kirke, ,of Wau.

When he took over a huge acreage for an orchard and market garden, samples of soil from various parts of the farm were sent to the Agricultural Dept, in Sydney to ascertain the exact require ments in superphosphates.

Recently he marketed five acres of potatoes—the finest seen in the Territory —and they averaged Bd. per lb.! Then the tomatoes came in for attention; ’planes came from all parts of the gold fields area to buy these delicious products of the first market garden in these parts.

The fruit averaged 3 lbs. each, and were so firm that they were eaten as a dessert.

A splendid up-to-date piggery is now established on this plantation, and by the next incoming Macdhui 350 head of prize poultry from Townsville, including tur keys, ducks, fowls and geese are arriving.

Mr. Hunter Kirke has also five acres of oranges and five acres of lemons, besides other fruit that will be in full bearing next year. When one considers that oranges are 1/6 each and eggs 4/6 doz., the foresight of this enterprising ex-sol dier is highly commendable.

Tropicalities

p. 13

WHILE Commonwealth and State Governments, in September, were very busily entertaining Japan’s “Ambas sador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary,” sent on a goodwill mission to Australia, Australian pearl-fishers (who are fighting a losing battle against Japanese fishers in the Timor Sea) were reporting that Japanese fishing-vessels are regularly landed, careened, cleaned, repaired and watered on Bathurst Island, in defiance of about fifty laws which guard Aus tralian territorial rights. Other reports stated that Japanese poachers are busy again among the pearlshell beds of New Guinea; and that, to combat the Japanese poachers, the Commonwealth Government has decided to purchase two very fast patrol vessels, one of which will be stationed in Darwin, and the others, de signed according to the requirements of the Administrator of New Guinea, will be stationed at Rabaul. The launch for Darwin will arrive in Australia from England before the end of the year.. * * * IT was announced in mid-September that Mr. W. R. Carpenter, head of the well-known Islands trading and shipping firm, had made a most generous donation to the Maternal and Infant Welfare Fund.

He has given his beautiful house and grounds at Wollstonecraft, Sydney, to be used as a Jubilee Maternity Hospital, together with £ 5000 in cash to be used for the endowment of the institution. The total value of the gift is £20,000.

“W.R.C.” was never a man to do things by halves.

The Federal Government expressed warm appreciation of the full-bodied gift. ■“Sir William Randolph Carpenter” should be a pretty sound tip for the New Year.

OF 1868 cases heard by the native courts, 1776 convictions were secured, many on curious charges, stated the New Guinea Administrator in the last report to the League of Nations. For failure to cease singing and dancing at 9 p.m. 33 natives were convicted, while 27 were convicted for playing football in places not prescribed. Twenty-one were tried tor spreading false reports, 116 for steal ing, 46 for sorcery, 54 for having intoxi cating liquor, five for unlawfully wearing clothes on the upper part of the body, and 118 for failing to appear for census taking, while three were convicted for remaining in Rabaul for a longer period than four days without employment. * * * "W/ITH the caption “In the Good Old »» Days,” this little story was sent by a resident of Vanua Levu, Fiji, who was for many years a trader in the group and who is now an established planter. It is with more than a passing suspicion of the identity of the knavish trader con cerned that we print the anecdote: The trader had weighed the Fijian’s copra on his “Ambush Scales” (those that lie in weight) and had paid the native £2/16/-. The native counted the money twice, and again checked weights and price. By his “ready reckoner” the native made it £3/16/-, not £2/16/-. A slight argument followed, the trader insisting that £2/16/- was correct, the native stuck to £3/16/-.

"Your ready reckoner must be wrong,” said the trader, “Let’s have a look at it.

Of course it’s wrong; £2/16/- is correct.

That’s last year’s book, not this year’s, that you’ve got there!”

WE have been informed that about 1906 Captain Charles Memmuir, a repre sentative of the Royal Shipwreck Relief and Humane Society, was captain of a vessel named the Upolu and that this vessel went to Thursday Island and ob tained there 30,000 live specimens of pearl shell and took the consignment to Suwar row Lagoon in the Northern Cooks and planted the pearl shell there. Does any old hand in the Pacific know, anything about this? It would be very interesting to know if such an experiment was made and what was the result of it. * * * ALTHOUGH there are only 10 miles of formed roads on the island of Nauru, the community there owns and operates no less than 50 motor cars, not to men tion several motor cycles and innumerable bicycles. This is characteristic of Pacific Islands communities generally. There are an astonishing number of motor vehicles in use in such places as Port Moresby, Rabaul, Vila, and Rarotonga; while the number of motor cars owned privately or run for hire in Suva, Noumea, and Tahiti seems to be out of all propor tion to the population. So far as bicycles are concerned, it seems to be the ambition of every Europeanised native to own a machine of some sort —although the fre quent sight of one uncomplaining bicycle carrying three or even four natives sug gests a communal rather than an indi vidual ownership.

WE get many visitors at the Melane sian Mission Press,” says Mr. F. R.

Isom, in a letter from the Solomons. Mr.

Isom is the printer there, and he is as sisted in his interesting work by his wife.

“Two recent visitors were a Rennel Island native and his wife. Mr. and Mrs.

Printer were both setting up type at their cases.

“ ‘Good morning, master,’ said the na tive male to the white male; and, on receiving a polite reply, he looked towards Mrs. Printer, and for a moment seemed

at a loss. Then his face brightened, and. with a cheerful smile, he inclined his head to Mrs. Printer, saying, ‘Good morning, Boss/ “Gracious reply from white missis!” * * * ONE of the objects of ethnological in terest studied by Professor Peter Buck, of the Bishop Museum, Honolulu, during his recent survey of European Museums, was a wooden image presented to Queen Victoria in 1841 by the Samoan King Malietoa. The figure was repro duced in Kraemer’s “Die Samoa-Inseln.” and aroused considerable discussion. Be fore examining it in the British Museum Professor Buck was inclined to the view that it was of post-European manufac ture. Doubt as to the purely native origin of the image vanished, however, as soon as he held it in his hand. His opinion now is that it was made locally in Samoa by an inferior artist who was either Ton gan, or who was acquainted with the general appearance of images made in Hapaii.

When John Williams, the famous mis sionary, visited the Tongan Group in 1830 he was shown “five goddesses hanging by the neck” by Taufaahau (better known in later years as King George I.). On asking, Mr, Williams was given one of the images, which he took to England,, and reproduced a drawing of it. Unfortun ately, it has not since been traced as, presumably, it did not pass into the Bri tish Museum with other objects (now of priceless value) from the London Mis sionary Society’s collection.

Nevertheless, Professor Buck came across a similar figure in the celebrated collection of Captain A. W. F. Fuller, and was thus enabled to make an interesting comparison. Two other figures, similar to Captain Fuller’s, are in the Oldman Collection in London. Professor Buck says there is a strong possibility that one of them is the image George Tubou gave to John Williams.

Mr. E. H. Cherry, who has been en gineer in charge of the Seventh Day Adventist Mission’s activities at Aore, South Santo, New Hebrides, for three years, arrived in Sydney by the Laperouse on September 14. He was accompanied by his wife and two sons.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 13-14 (1 item)

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NEW SOUTH WALES

A Church of England Boarding and Day School (One of the Associated Schools of N.S.W.) The Boarding House stands in 1 3 acres, with 3

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Boys are received from the age of eight years, and are taken to the Leaving Certificate Standard on either the Classical or the Modern side. The School has an excellent record in Public Examinations.

Special vacation facilities are available for Boarders from the Islands.

Address applications for Prospectus to the Bursar at Strath field Headmaster: REV. P. W. STEPHENSON, M.A., B.D.

’Phone FL 1266. ’Phone FL 1266

HENLY’S

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Special quotations for holidays.

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Our Fleet of Cars includes 1934 Plymouths, Hired at a Slight Increase.

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JtujAgKvck TEAS $ CCffCES.

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In response to numerous requests, The Corrie Tea Co. have decided to make their famous blends available throughout THE WHOLE OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS. You will find Corrie’s Teas are “deliciously different,” and are already THE MOST POPULAR TEAS IN FIJI, where they enjoy an immense demand.

Should you, as yet, be unable to procure, please forward name of your Storekeeper, and A

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KIPPAX STREET. SYDNEY, N.S.W.

About Islands People

pp. 14-15

Mr. G. M. Keogh, Assistant District Officer in the New Guinea Administration, returned to the territory after long leave in Australia by the Montoro on August 27. Before leaving New Guinea on fur lough, he was A.D.O. at Ambunti, the Government station 250 miles up the Sepik River, North-West New Guinea.

Mr. Michael Parer, father of Mr, Ray mond J. Parer, the well-known New Guinea airman, died at Brisbane on August 28. Born in Spain and educated in France, he came to Australia at the age of 20. Three other sons are residents of the Morobe goldfields, New Guinea.

Mr. F. P. Archer, of Jame plantation,.

Buka Passage, Bougainville, who is a representative of the Planters’ Associa tion of New Guinea, arrived in Sydney by the Neptuna on August 28 to spend several months’ holiday in Australia.

Mr. Donald Reid, chairman of direc tors of Gold Mines of Fiji N.L. and Fiji Gold N.L., left Sydney for Suva, Fiji, by the Mariposa on August 21.

Mr. F. W. Eggleston, a former Attor ney-General of Victoria, was elected the Australian member of the Pacific Coun cil of the Institute of Pacific Relations at the third annual meeting of the Common wealth Council of the Australian Institute of International Affairs held in Brisbane in August.

M rs. Bob Franklin, of the Kiandi Hotel, Edie Creek, New Guinea, is spending some months’ vacation in Sydney with. her people at Rose Bay.

Mr. Larry Knightley left Sydney by the Macdhui for New Guinea on September 12, after holidays in Australia. It was his first vacation in the 11 years he has spent on the N.G. goldfields.

Mr. J. Pearce, of Morobe goldfield, New Guinea, has been spending furlough in Australia with another old Territory iden tity, Mr. Ted Nichterlein. Both left Syd ney by the Van Rees for New Guinea early in September and will now be asso ciated with Messrs. Spence and Smith Ltd., mining engineers, at Wau.

Mr. T. Blakey, formerly manager of Day Dawn Mine, Edie Creek, New Guinea, who had the misfortune to break his leg, arrived in Australia recently and Is quietly recuperating in Sydney.

Mr. A. G. Sorrell left Sydney for New Guinea by the Macdhui on September 12 to take up duties with the office staff of Messrs. Holden’s Air Transport Services Ltd., at Salamaua.

Mr. and Mrs. J. Hobbs, of Ba, Fiji, with their small son, arrived in Sydney by the Aorangi on September 6.

Mr. E. K. Abraham, who recently re signed from the New Guinea Administra tion after occupying for many years the position of Postmaster at Rabaul, arrived in Queensland by the Montoro on August 10. He has now taken up duties with the Federal Taxation Department in Bris bane.

Mr. W. W. (“Nobby”) Clarke, of Edie Creek, New Guinea, who has been spend ing two months’ holiday in Sydney, has had a series of family misfortunes. His small daughter, Heather, while playing on the beach at Manly, swallowed a toy whistle and had to be rushed into hos pital for an X-ray and immediate opera tion which, fortunately, was successful.

Then Mrs. Clarke became seriously ill with throat trouble for some weeks, and as a finale the six-months-old baby de veloped measles.

Dr. and Mrs. W. E. Giblin, of Port Moresby, Papua, are coming South in a few weeks. Their two sons, who were for many years pupils at Mowbray House, Chatswood, are now boarders at St. Ig natius College, Riverview.

Mr. Fred Deckert, of Edie Creek, New Guinea, has sold his transport business; and is now living in Sydney.

Mr. and Mrs. O. Hertz, who have spent three months’ holiday in New South Wales, left by the Neptuna on September 11 for their home at Kokola planta tion, New Ireland district, New Guinea.

Mrs. Hertz, who was formerly Miss Eileen Deery, of Sydney, was married in 1917 to Mr. S. A, Whiteman, who earned fame during the War by discovering the camouflaged German vessel Comet in a bay at Talasea. After Mr. Whiteman’s death in 1920, she carried on his trading station and coconut plantation. Having remarried, Mrs. Hertz still assists in run ning the plantation, and until this trip South had not visited Australia for 12 years.

Rev. W. Burvill, of the Quetta Cathed ral, Thursday Island, arrived in Brisbane early in September by the Changte to attend the Anglican Provincial Synod.

Major C. A. Swinbourne, 0.8. E., Senior Administrative Officer of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, has returned to the Gilbert Islands after nine months’ fur lough in Australia. Proceeding to Rabaul, New Guinea, by the Montoro from Syd ney on August 27, he embarked on the Carisso for direct passage to Tarawa, the administrative centre of the group.

Mr. Swinbourne has been in various posts in the Pacific for the Colonial Service for 26 years, and prior to going to the Gilberts, he was for some years in Fiji.

Mr. Ivan Nelson, principal of the Is lands merchant and shipping firm of Nelson and Robertson Ltd., Sydney, re turned from Rabaul with his wife on August 30 by the Macdhui.

Lieut.-Colonel Leslie Fraser Standish Hore, M.C., of Luburua plantation, Kavi eng, New Guinea, died in New Ireland on September 1. He had held the positions of Chief Judge and Crown Law Officer in the Mandated Territory, but since 1927 had managed his own plantation. He is survived by a widow, a daughter, and two sons. Mr. Hore was born in India in 1870 and his life was strangely linked with Quetta, his birthplace. He married Miss Emily Lacy, one of the survivors of the Quetta which foundered in Torres Strait, and his death occurred but a few weeks after the Indian town had been devastated by an earthquake.

Mr. W. H. Carpenter, a director of Messrs. J. B. Carpenter and Co. Ltd., Thursday Island, arrived in Sydney by the Changte on September 9.

Captain W. Hamilton, who has plan tation interests in the Solomon Islands, returned to Brisbane with his daughter by the Malaita in August.

Mr. K. J. S. Chamberlain, Deputy Colo nial Treasurer of Fiji, left Suva by the Niagara recently for Gibraltar, where he has been appointed Colonial Treasurer.

He served in Kenya from 1924 until he was transferred to Fiji in 1933. Mr.

Chamberlain is a young man in the middle thirties and during his term in Fiji had displayed exceptional ability.

Mr. G. McLean, shipping manager of Messrs. W. R. Carpenter and Co. Ltd., New Guinea, arrived in Sydney from Rabaul by the Van Rees on September 10.

Mr. McKinna, formerly of Fiji and New Zealand, arrived in Apia, Western Samoa, in August to take up the position of mer chandise manager for Messrs. O. F. Nel son and Co. Ltd.

Mr. B. T. Heading, who has been ap pointed by Holden’s Air Transport Ser vices Ltd. to be ground engineer at Sala maua, New Guinea, left Sydney by the Neptuna on September 11. He said that the company’s second Ford passenger carrying 'plane is now in commission on the field.

Mr. R. D. Eden, manager of Vailala plantation, left Apia, Samoa, with his wife for furlough in New Zealand by the Maui Pomare on August 22.

Mr. D. Gubbay, head of the French trading firm Societe Commerciale Gubbay Freres, at Vila, New Hebrides, arrived in Sydney on September 10 by the Dutch Steamer Van Rees.

Advertisements & other items, p. 15 (2 items)

About Islands People

THE PACIFIC ISLANDS MONTHLY

September 24, 1935

ABOUT ISLANDS PEOPLE

Kurrajong

Wheeny Creek Farm

Forty-five miles from Sydney Superior modem accommodation, abundance of cream, eggs, and poultry. S acres orchard. Tennis, etc.

Tariff: Double, £2/2/- each; Single, £2/10/- ’Phone: Kurrajong 42 Proprietor: A. J. SAMSON Formerly New Guinea Public Service

An Ideal Xmas Gift A Portrait In Oils Few people realise the beautiful portraits that can be made from photos and snapshots of loved members of the family or well remembered scenes. Old and faded originals can be made into most lifelike portraits when reproduced by our staff of highly skilled artists.

The Mail Order Portrait Co. have decided to extend operations to the Pacific Islands, thus enabling you to obtain high class portraiture at less than usual city prices. This is made possible by your DEALING DIRECT WITH OUR STUDIOS and thereby eliminating salesman’s commissions, travelling and hotel expenses, etc.

In order to make our work known throughout the Islands we are making this

SPECIAL XMAS ADVERTISING OFFER

One beautiful Portrait in Oils, framed complete, measuring 22 x 18 inches: Usual price £3/10/- Specially reduced to £3/-/-

INSTRUCTIONS FOR ORDERING:

Post photograph, or snap of subject, stating clearly colour of hair, eyes, complexion, draperies, etc. Whether three-quarter, bust or full length required; also in case of one to be taken from a group, mark clearly. All originals will be carefully returned.

All orders must be accompanied by a deposit of at least 15/-, and the balance need not be paid until you receive the portrait from your post office.

Write for illustrated circular, sent post free.

MAIL ORDER PORTRAIT CO.

205 Miller Street, North Sydney, N.S.W. (Australia)

RECORDS from EEVY’S

ELVY’S, Sydney’s famous old-established Music House, can send you every Record that you may want. Special Mail Department for Island residents.

Here are some new releases:

MURGATROYD AND WINTERBOTTOM

(Known to the Police as Ronald Frankau and Tommy Handley), with Monte Crick at the piano: A6IBS (4/-). Clothes. The Seaside.

LESLIE HUTCHINSON, singing at the piano. A 6179 (4/-): Vienna in Springtime.

With All My Heart and Soul.

Done Before (from the film “Reckless”).

E.A.1506, 4/-.

NEW MAYFAIR ORCHESTRA: Ballad

Memories —Parts 1 and 2—lntroducing “Sweet and Low,” “Garden of Sleep,”

“Come, Sing to Me,” “Three Fishers Went Sailing,” “Sally in Our Alley,” “The Dear Little Shamrock,” “God Send You Back to Me,” “Lazily, Drowsily,” “The Bells of St.

Mary’s.” New Mayfair Orchestra (with Vocalists). C. 2716, 6/-.

AL BOWLLY—With Ray Noble’s Orchestra; You Opened My Eyes. Ey’rything’s Been Write for complete free lists. Elvy’s are noted for prompt service. Order Now.

ELVI A CO. LTD.

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TUDOR HOTEL

Room Only Rate, 5/- per day. Meals a la carte. Accommodation for 100 guests. One minute from G.P.O.

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Next door to Martin Place

Sydney

Coinage

p. 16

Silver For New T.N.G.

From Our Own Correspondent.

WAU, August 7.

A sum of £34,000 was appropriated in the estimates of expenditure for 1934-35 for purchase of silver and other metals and costs for the new coinage system for the Territory. The new coins wall be 1/-, 6d-, 3d. and Id. denomina tions.

Some 240,000 ounces of silver were purchased recently at 2/1 per ounce.

Later prices of 2/10 and 3/- per ounce show that the purchase was fortunate, saving over ninepence an ounce.

Samoan Produce

p. 16

Trial Shipments Of

From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, August 28.

BY the last Maui Pomare, which tooic a full shipment of Samoan bananas for the South Island market, small trial shipments of various other Samoan pro ducts were forwarded to New Zealand. A quantity of green beans was sent to Wel lington, also 45 cases of pawpaws (or mummy-apples), a fruit which deserves to be better known in New Zealand for its splendid digestive qualities.

As usual, a few tons of Samoan cocoa beans were shipped to N.Z. factories, also a small trial shipment of Samoan coffee beans, of the Liberia and Robusta varieties, addressed to the External Affairs Department. Samoan coffee is of excellent quality and many inquiries for it have been received from New Zealand and other parts overseas. At present a large portion of the local consumption is made up of Samoan coffee, which is bet ter, purer and cheaper than the imported brand.

Mr. H. V. Searle has joined the board of directors of Day Dawn (New Guinea) Limited.

W. R. Carpenter & Co.

p. 16

Form New Insurance Organisation

Ittessrs. W. R. Carpenter And Co.

Ltd., have added insurance to their numerous other activities, which include merchandising, shipping, planting, desic cated coconut manufacture, shipyards,, refrigeration, aerial transport, bakeries,, etc- The following was published among new registrations early in September: Southern Pacific Insurance Company, Ltd. (August 27). Nominal capital, £250,000, in £1 shares. Objects: To carry on the business of general insur ance, etc. Subscribers: —W. R. Carpenter, J. A. Carpenter, H. B. Carpenter, C. H. V, Carpenter, J- T. Wallis, H. S. Cramer, and: W. G. Higgs (one share each).

Mr. W. R. Carpenter, chairman of W..

R. Carpenter and Co., Ltd., at the annual meeting on August 30, said that during the past year the company had acquired the whole of the as sets of Coconut Products, Limited, consisting of plantations and desiccated coconut factory. The yield from the properties acquired would add consider ably to the profits of the company. The company also acquired the whole of the preference share issue of W. R- Carpenter and Co. (Sol. Is.), Ltd., on terms con sidered to be equitable by its auditors, and good results could be expected.

The chairman went on to say that as insurances over properties, vessels, pro duce in transit, etc., placed by the com pany ran into very substantial figures, it was considered advisable to participate in general insurance business, as with what the company had to offer substantial reciprocal business could be expected. A company had been registered under the title of the Southern Pacific Insurance Company, Ltd., with a nominal capital of £250,000, paid up to £25,000, and the whole of such shares would be held by W. R. Carpenter and Company, Ltd.

Whatever profits were earned by par ticipating in the insurance business, therefore, would benefit shareholders in the company.

Mr- Carpenter said that it appeared to him that there was a possibility of a crisis in world affairs, and consequently markets were disturbed. However, there was a definite shortage of edible fats, and ordinarily prices should be firm, but until normal conditions prevailed no increase in prices could be expected. In the mean time, the company had to assist its plan tation clients to work their properties without loss, and for that reason the fullest possible prices had to be paid for produce, and the margin of profit was reduced to a very narrow one indeed.

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N.G. Mine Managers

p. 17

Official Conference

11TANY matters relating to the mining industry in Morobe, New were discussed on August 20 at a lengthy meeting at the Warden’s Office, Wau, between Mr. Gerald Hogan, head of the Crown Law Department, and the follow ing mine-owners and mine-managers: T. D. Harris, Placer Development Ltd., Bulolo Gold Dredging Ltd.

E. A. de Lautour, New Guinea Goldfields Ltd.

H. Taylour, Enterprise of New Guinea, N.L.

R. M. Brain, Mt. Lawson Prospecting and Option Syndicate N.L., and Upper Watut Gold Alluvials No Liability.

H. E. Hallam, Sandy Creek Gold Sluicing Ltd.

A. L. Joubert, Koranga Gold Sluicing Ltd.

J. M. Spence and R. D. Smith, Consulting En gineers representing various Companies.

W. T. Adamson, Bulolo Gold Deposits Ltd.

W. Digby, New Morobe and Morobe Alluvials. 0. Moen, Sunshine Gold Development Ltd.

H. Williams, Upper Sepik Prospecting Company.

C. W. Marshall, Superintendent, New Guinea Goldfields Ltd., Edie Creek.

Hon. N. P. H. Neal.

Messrs. D. M. Cook, W. F. Anderson, K. A. 0. Soltwedel, E. C. N. Helton, W. V. Quinn, G.

Butterworth, A. Dickson, J. Cromie, F. A. J.

Carter, H. T Allan, R. V. Wild, J. F. Stewart, V. A. Florence, H. P. Wilkins, A. J. Hoile, all lease holders; and C. W. G. Fox, Acting Warden, and A. Hyde, Mining Registrar.

Matters contained in Ordinance No. 19 of 1935 and proposed new legislation were discussed at length.

After the meeting Mr. H. Taylour, on behalf of all present, moved a vote of thanks to Mr. Hogan for meeting and discussing matters with the miners, and expressed a hope that senior officials from Rabaul would visit the field more often to keep in touch with the progress of the place, and get better understanding of the requirements of residents of the field- Mr. Hogan expressed his appreciation of the kindness with which he had been received in the District and said that the Administrator and the officers of the Ad ministration were desirous of doing everything possible to help the mining community.

£25,000 Aid for Papuan

p. 17

Planters

From Our Own Correspondent.

Pt. Moresby. Aug. 3.

of the supplementary esti- U mates for 1934-35 passed in the recent session of the Legislative Council show that the total amount paid by the Govern ment during the last financial year to as sist copra growers was £6,881. The amount received by rubber planters rep resenting a refund of 2d per lb. of the Commonwealth duty was £19,022.

Right Rev. Dr. S. Davies. Bishop of Carpentaria, arrived in Brisbane from Thursday Island early in September by the Changte.

Goldfields Area, N.G.

p. 17

Dr. Von de Boch’s Work In Goldfields Area, N.G.

From a Special Correspondent.

WAU, September 3. jDEMARKABLE changes have taken Place in the health of the goldfields community in the last six to nine months.

Dr. Von de Boch has worked miracles.

Apart from being a noted authority on materia medica, he has done a great deal of research work on tropical hygiene, and his knowledge of Islands diseases has been the means of saving many lives here.

Until his arrival, the dreaded Japanese River fever had taken toll of.many lives as, in its initial stages, it closely re sembles typhoid and has, too, been diag nosed as malignant malaria. Recently two men from the Watut district were sent into the European hospital at Wau suffering from what had been diagnosed as typhoid. But Dr. Von de Boch’s trained eye saw the dreaded bush “mok kers,” or ticks, covering the men’s legs, and, making a blood test, discovered they were both suffering from Japanese River fever.

In the treatment of the mysterious periodic dysentery outbreaks at Edie Creek the doctor has worked wonders.

Time was when this area had the second highest death rate in the world; to-day all that is changed, and for over nine months now Edie Creek has never been quarantined, as in the old days before Dr. Von de Boch’s advent.

Popular Samoan Wedding

pp. 17-18

From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, August 30.

TN spite of low copra prices and hard times, the Samoan still to celebrate his family feasts and chiirch festivities with due pomp and ceremony irrespective of cost.

A wedding is announced in the near future of a young local born boy and a Samoan girl of a high chief’s family from Manono Island, a taupou (village virgin) of high rank. For the taunafataga (the great wedding feast in midday) and for the dinner and dance in the evening in vitations have been sent out to hundreds of European and Samoan guests The families of the bride and bridegroom have collected £2OO each to pay for the ex pense of the elaborate celebrations.

A dividend of 6d. per share (equal to 10 per cent, per annum) for the quarter ended June 30 was declared payable by Messrs, Holden’s Air Transport Services Ltd. on August 31.

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The “Papuan Courier”

p. 18

From Our Own Correspondent.

Port Moresby, August 18.

MR. E. A. JAMES, editor and publisher of the “Papuan Courier,” the only newspaper published in the Territory of Papua, has acquired the interests of all shareholders in his paper, excepting the seven nominal shareholders. He is, there fore, the sole proprietor of the paper, which circulates in Papua and New Guinea.

The “Papuan Courier” made its appear ance about 25 years ago when it was named the “Papuan Times,” and the late W. C. Bruce as editor conducted a one sided warfare with his turbulent pen.

Twenty-One Years Under

p. 18

New Zealand

From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, September 2.

ON August 29 the 21st anniversary of the raising of the British flag and the occupation of Western Samoa by New' Zealand troops was celebrated. The day was observed as a public holiday and for the first time after a lengthy interval the Apia Turf Club conducted a race meeting.

Though the events were marred by un favourable weather, racing fans were re warded by good sport. It is hoped that the efforts of the Apia Turf Club to revive the “sport of kings” in Samoa shall in future meet with better luck and more support by the general public.

Mr. Ray H. Mansell, of Bathurst, New South Wales, who has been relieving pilot for Guinea Airways Ltd., Lae, New Guinea, for several months, returned to Australia by the Macdhui on August 30.

Crime On Goldfields

p. 18

Murder and Suicide at Wau

From a Special Correspondent.

WAU, Sept. 1.

ONE of the most startling crimes that has occurred in the goldfields area of the Mandated Territory, took place in August in front of a dozen people on the verandah of the Bulolo Hotel, Wau.

Without any warning Mrs. Elizabeth A.

Henderson, a well-known resident, drew a revolver and shot dead Mr. William Henry Hockey, who was a resident of Merri Creek. Then taking a razor out of her bag, she cut her throat from ear to ear and died in a few minutes.

News of the tragedy spread in an amaz ing manner and in no time people seemed to arrive as if by magic from as far afield as the Watut.

The following day three well-known residents nearly shared a similar fate, and only by the tactful handling of the age-old “eternal triangle” was a greater tragedy averted.

The men who were arrested at Edie Creek for gold stealing were tried at Wau recently. One received two years’ im prisonment and the other three years.

Sons of two well-known Southern fami lies, whose fathers hold high public posi tions, were deported in August—one for non-payment of debts and the other for a more grievous offence against the moral law.

Rev. F- O. Theile, of Brisbane, who is the directing force in Australia of the Lutheran Mission in New Guinea, arrived in Sydney early in September, and went on to Victoria and South Australia, on a lecturing tour.

Advertisements & other items, p. 18 (1 item)

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Adventurous Quest

p. 19

Mining Engineer’s Journey To N.G. Under Sealed Orders

IN June last Mr. Bartle Ryan, a Mel bourne mining engineer, left Syd ney by the Macdhui with boring and shafting equipment to test an alluvial property in New Guinea. There was much secrecy about his destination. He told the Pacific Islands Monthly that he was under sealed orders. “Until I get to Kavieng I am uncertain exactly where I shall go,” he replied to inquiries. “Wait till I return in August, then I’ll be able to tell the story,” he said assuringly.

Came August 30, and as the Macdhui pulled into B.P.’s No. 6 wharf, sure enough there was the grey-haired mining man leaning contentedly on the rails, ready to tell his tale.

“On arrival at New Ireland,” began Mr.

Ryan, “I opened the envelope, finding that with three white men and 13 natives I had to cross by launch to Tatau Island, in the Tabar Group, 80 odd miles south east of Kavieng. I inspected the property, made tests, and found it to carry not alluvial gold, but a payable lode for mation.

“On the way back to Kavieng,, in the open sea, the launch ran into a gale,” he said. “The rudder was torn from the boat and we were disabled and helpless in a big sea. Repairs could not be effected and we were tossed about for hours. Just when we were beginning to fear that we would be swamped and drowned, another vessel came over the horizon. It was W. R. Carpenter and Co.’s motor vessel Desikoko, on a course taken only occasionally, “With difficulty we were rescued and landed at a plantation 100 miles south of Kavieng. When the weather moderated, we rigged up an improvised rudder and had to beat our way back to port.

“The discovery of gold at Tatau was remarkable,” continued Mr. Ryan. “It appears that an Islands schooner was driven into the lee of the island for shel

ter. As he prepared to leave the cove, the skipper noticed gold in the mud on the anchor when he raised it. He told a few friends of the find, including Mr.

Charles Petterson, a veteran planter of Maragon, New Ireland.

“Petterson prospected the place and won 200 ounces of gold, which he thought to be alluvial. He formed a small syn dicate, and on their behalf I was ap proached to go to New Guinea to look over the property. Yes, I think the area has promising possibilities,” he con cluded, “but, of course, the future de velopment of it lies in the hands of the syndicate.”

Norfolk Island Council

p. 19

ON the recommendation of Sir George Pearce (Federal Minister in Charge of Islands Territories) who visited Norfolk Island early in the year, the N.I. Execu tive Council was abolished, to be replaced by an Advisory Council wholly elected by residents and with no nominated mem bers. The Island was divided into four wards, each to elect two representatives.

The first election was held in the middle of August with the following result: Ball Bay, Messrs. C. R. Christian and F. C Nobbs; Cascades, Messrs. W. M. McLach lan and F. L. Quintal; Kingston, Messrs.

C. C. R. Nobbs and E. C. Robinson; Mt.

Pitt, Messrs. S. Cole and A. J. MacGrath.

The new councillors were sworn in at Kingston Court House on August 28, and immediately afterwards commenced their first session at which Mr. Charles Chase Ray Nobbs was elected President and Mr. William McLachlan, Deputy Presi dent. The term of office is until July next year.

Mr. A. J. Samson, formerly a magis trate in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea, is now living in New South Wales. He resigned from the N.G. Pub lic Service in January, 1934, and acquir ing a farm at Kurrajong, has erected a modern guest house. Both he and Mrs.

Samson will be pleased to welcome any Islands people who care to inspect their lovely home.

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The Old Shanty

p. 21

Frank Pryke, Morobe goldfield pioneer, writes cheerily from Brisbane,, where he recently went to say “au revoir” to Les. Joubert and George Arnold, who have returned to New Guinea.

“George,” writes Mr. Pryke, “was a pretty sick man; but a letter from Les., a few days ago, tells me that our friend is much better. They are back on Koranga Creek.”

Mr. Pryke sends along another poem—he is a tireless writer —and it is printed below. It will have its own message for “the old hands”; but the uninitiated may as well know that the “shanty” was on the Tiveri, in the early days of the Lake kamu rush; that C. Lumley, now in the Trobriands, was manager, and Whitten Bros., owners; and that it was the custom there, when the manager wanted to retire, to place so many bottles on the counter, and divide the cost among all present.

What was left, in the morning, was credited, in .strict proportion, to the customers’ accounts. Big drinkers and small drinkers, they all paid the same, and never argued. Someone stiid to an old fossicker who was not drinking: “This arrange ment isn’t much good to you!” “Oh, that s all right,” he answered; “I’ll feel much better than you in the morning.” Mr. Lumley’s cheeses were notorious. He sent them up and down the river, in the “Bulldog’s” enginerocm, to ripen them; “and,” says Frank Pryke, “they could nearly take a walk on their own!”

Not a single stick is standing— For ’tis twenty years, or more, Since at Tiveri Landing You kept that trading store.

The miners had, for many weeks, Been making for the field — When Ironstone and Reeky creeks Both gave a decent yield.

And men will sail across the main, Should they be young or old — A mighty hard thing to explain Is this strange lure of gold. ’Twas khaki pants, and flannels then; Our clothes were rough and scanty— But days and nights were happy, when You kept that store and shanty.

I still think of that cheese you kept, And seem to smell it still; Remember that you nearly wept When I bowled it down the hill!

The “Bulldog’s” navigators, Arrived the following week And told of alligators Lying dead along the creek!

Of course you had to skite a bit About our shooting skill.

I don’t believe we’d got a hit, Or made one single kill.

You may doubt it if you please But I believe it’s true — Those old crocks had smelt your cheese, And met their Waterloo!

At night we round the shanty sat And sang some ancient rune, With husky voices, mostly flat, And sadly out of tune.

Then Ned the Welshman used to sing— His voice both loud and shrill— How Harlech’s men went marching, Or “The Moon Behind the Hill.”

In those old days we used to boast We always played the game— It mattered not who drank the most We’d always pay the same- Those gcod old mates great-hearted, We may never see them more.

The good days have departed.

With The Shanty and The Store.

Frank Pryke.

Mr. R. F. Finder, of the Audit Depart ment of the High Commission for the Western Pacific, was a passenger from Sydney for Tulagi, Solomon Islands, by the Malaita on August 26.

S.D.A. Missions

p. 21

MISSION work occupied the time of the delegates at the Seventh Day Adven tist Conference in Sydney on August 30.

Pastor A. G. Stewart, who recently visited the Mandated Territory of New Guinea, re ported on the work now being carried on in the inland mountain areas.

A new mission station was established a short while ago at Ramu, 6000 f- above sea-level. A number of Solomon Island teachers, trained at Batuna, are carrying on the work among the Ramu natives, under the supervision of a white mis

sionary. The sole means of communica tion between Ramu and the coast is by aeroplane.

Pastor Stewart spoke of native tribes hitherto untouched by any mission body, and the mission board of the conference discussed plans for sending - additional workers among - them.

The conference had under consideration an extensive building programme, which would require about £15,000 to carry out.

Mr. Brian Lane, of Edie Creek, New Guinea, was married on July 30 at Sala maua to Miss Joan Kerr, of Wau.

Advertisements & other items, p. 21 (1 item)

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Twenty-five Years With B.P.

p. 22

From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, September 2.

ON Thursday, August 29, Mr. R. H.

Brown, the popular manager of the local branch of Messrs. Burns Philp (S.S.) Co. Ltd., celebrated the 25th anni versary of his entering the service of this well-known South Seas concern. Mr.

Brown was host at a jolly little luncheon party in celebration of the event, at which a number of representative citizens and friends took occasion to tender their congratulations and good wishes.

Native Buys A New

pp. 22-24

Motor Car

Transaction Causes Stir in Rabaul

Contributed.

THE natives of Matupi, a village situated a few miles south of Rabaul, New Guinea, recently purchased a new sedan Chevrolet motor car—the latest model —and paid cash for it, £290.

The event, which is a precedent, created a mild sensation and, as was anticipated, even by the natives, gave rise to ex pressions of the most conflicting views among the Europeans in and around Rabaul.

A sane, logical and thoughtful section, with a sympathetic interest in native welfare, said: “Why not? This must of necessity come here, as in all parts of the world. Natives have demonstrated their fitness to drive and repair cars for Europeans. Why not permit them to em bark on the enterprise of working for themselves?”

This reasonable plea, however, was far from being unanimous. In the clubs and hotels, small, but noisy groups, whose fixed and settled views are that the colour of the native’s skin condemns him to the unchangeable state of a beast of burden, set up “straw courts,” and belched forth heated rhetoric drawing attention to the possible and probable dangers to the Empire unless this latest move of these dark skinned potential enemies is reduced to impotence. Every expedient was suggested and examined but apparently with little hope of finding relief.

The Mandate expressly says that the “moral and material welfare of the native races must be the first consideration of the Administration.” No law or ordinance hinders or restrains a competent native from owning a car. Australia is only a caretaker not an owner of the Mandated Territory and, willingly or unwillingly, she must accept instructions from Geneva and do what she is told.

Vincent Lo Popat, the registered owner of the car, is a highly intelligent and no less industrious native. For years past he has, with a staff of Matupl natives, conducted a laundry for a ship ping company, and is well liked by shipping officials and passengers- As the natives of the Matupi and other villages, contiguous to Rabaul often find it neces sary to hire a car late in the evening, or in inclement weather, Vincent Lo Popat reasoned that as approximately £6O had been spent in this way during twelve months the purchase of a car would be a wise investment. He communicated his views first to a few of his native friends who enthusiastically offered assistance.

Lo Popat’s next move was to mention the matter to a number of Europeans with whom he came daily in contact in con nection with his work. Many urged him to act at once, others while favouring the proposal had a vague idea that the law did not permit a native to own a car.

In his uncertainty, Lo Popat referred the matter to the missionary of his village —Father J. G. Madigan—with whom he could fully discuss the matter in the native language. Father Madigan ex plained the law and pointed out that it was a big undertaking for a few natives to invest such a large sum in a car, and afterwards maintain it. The natives were determined to purchase and, naturally sought the assistance of the missionary in attending to the details of the transfer.

Father Madigan urged a little delay until he discussed the matter with the Superin tendent of Police and the Administrator, remarking that if the Administration al lowed the natives to purchase the car the natives could, if molested, seek the pro tection of the Administration.

The outcome of these interviews was that the case was sent to the Crown Law Office and the answer was that there was nothing in the law to prevent a native from purchasing a car.

A few days later the new Chevrolet, proudly displaying itself at the mam entrance of Burns Philp’s store, passed into the possession of Vincent Lo Popat.

Lo Popat secured the services of a friend, a careful driver and skilled mechanic, and intends to reimburse himself and his friends for their outlay by hiring his car- This latter intention seems to have caused some criticism. It is alleged that groups of natives, on a few occ f s^ ol J s ' have hired cars from Chinese and have gone to and misbehaved themselves m distant villages. The accusation is Pro ably correct, but the abuse of a thing does not take away its lawful use. T-he writer has observed Europeans OT J ® cor of occasions doing the same thing and going to greater excess than anything

that has been imputed to natives. It is also urged that people may be disinclined to use a car which has been used by natives. People are not so sensitive. All the hired cars here to-day are used by natives more often than by whites. Prac tically all cars have native drivers.

Natives are the only cooks and domestic servants for the Europeans. No one objects to consuming the foods native

servants have prepared nor wearing clothes that have been washed by natives.

The missionary has been criticised for assisting the natives, although they are his own people. He has been blamed, not because he failed to give correct advice, but because he did not give deceitful in formation. With his influence with the natives, he could, when approached by them, have crushed the ambitious scheme by alleging they were not allowed to purchase the car- He lost an opportunity of rising in popularity.

The manager of Burns, Philp Ltd. has been blamed for permitting the purchase at all. As if his refusal would have hindered the natives securing a car when the law favours them! Many Europeans would have gladly acted for them for a pound or two.

As one interested in native welfare I am of opinion that, while the natives taken in globo in this Territory are not yet sufficiently developed to undertake business propositions, individual natives and groups of natives are fully competent and, as in the present case, when the initiative came from the natives them selves, it is deserving of consideration and encouragement.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 22-24 (2 items)

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Six Deaths

p. 24

Liver Disease Ravages Samoans

From Our Own Correspondent.

Apia, Aug. 28.

SAMOA has been ravaged again by an influenza epidemic affecting prac tically the whole European population and many of the natives. Fortunately it was only a mild, though extremely un pleasant, form of the disease, and with the recent change of weather has now practically disappeared.

There have been, however, some cases of a catarrhal disease of the liver among natives in the West Coast District of Upolu, chiefly in the villages of Mulifanua, Fasitootai, Vailutai and Vaimoso. The disease had a most virulent character and caused six deaths. The Medical Depart ment is investigating these cases and a post-mortem was performed on one of the victims. The cause of the disease was at first believed to be due to contamina tion of the water supply. This was, how ever, found to be incorrect, as the disease spread over a large area and to villages where the pure water of the Afega pipe line is used.

It is the first time that this disease, though observed previously in a mild form, has been found in Samoa in a viru lent form. It is hoped that the change of weather may stop a further spreading of the sickness.

Store Destroyed at Apia

p. 24

From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, September 2.

THE old-established Chinese store of Ah Soon, on Taufusi Road, was com pletely destroyed by fire shortly after midnight on August 29. The fire brigade arrived too late to save any of the con tents of the building, only a safe with some books and documents being left un damaged. A Chinese restaurant, recently opened by Ah Soon near the store, did not suffer from the conflagration.

Kwato Mission And

p. 25

Trading

Letter to the Editor.

I HAVE read Mr. Abel’s reply to criti cism about the trading activities of the Kwato Mission, and I consider his remarks with reference to the Samarai Chamber of Commerce to be misleading.

A person reading same would come to the conclusion that this body took no action in the matter. As this is not the case, I give below a copy of a minute passed by this body at its regular monthly meeting held on January 14, 1935, and which was confirmed on February 11: KWATO MISSION. The matter of what was considered unfair competi tion, which different sections of the general public were up against as regards the Kwato Mission, came up for discussion, and on the motion of Mr. Irvine, seconded by Mr. Coleman, it was decided that a deputation of three should wait on His Excellency to put the case before him, and it was resolved, on the motion of Mr. Arm strong, seconded by Mr. Morrow, that the deputation should consist of Messrs.

Irvine, Izod and Whyte.

It may be as well to mention that Mr.

Abel had seen this minute before writing his letter mentioned above, as he came into my office and wanted to know what action the Chamber of Commerce had taken in reference to Kwato, as he was replying to the various criticism, and I let him read the minute which I have quoted.

The publication of this letter is in your hands.

I am, etc.,

Samarai Chamber Of Commerce,

Percy J. Wood,

Honorary Secretary.

Samarai, Papua.

August 17.

Kwato’s Activities

pp. 25-26

|Y|R. E. W. HARRISON, of Sebulu gomwa, Eastern Papua, writes at considerable length in reply to Mr. Abel’s defence of Kwato Mission’s activities, and makes the following points: Mr. Abel said that all white tradesmen seemed to be fully occupied—there was room for all, and for a little healthy com petition. But there is now only one white house carpenter at Samarai, instead of three, as formerly. There used to be two or three boatslips at or near Samarai; to-day one is closed down, and the staff dispersed, and the owner of another says that for eight months of 1934 he earned less than £5O. Shipwrights, carpenters and engineers have been forced to go into the Papuan bush to seek a living.

Outside tradesmen, having neither public subscriptions nor Government grants, cannot compete against the Mission.

“In quoting the names of the various firms and individuals who have made use of the Kwato workshops, Mr. Abel makes public at last the extent of his commer cial activity achieved by the simple pro cess of price-cutting. By means of Government grants, public subscriptions, etc, (not forgetting the use of natives to do the work), Mr. Abel can under-quote the local tradesmen without difficulty.

“The fact that a firm, or an individual, makes use of the Kwato workshops is no evidence of sympathy with the Kwato system; it is simply a matter of getting a job done more cheaply in these hard and difficult times.”

Kwato, it is argued, must earn money and maintain itself. But why do it at the expense of white traders and trades men? Kwato is able to keep from 15 to 20 missionaries living in comparative ease on that small island; what they all do to fill in time when work is slack is a matter for conjecture. To add further to the congestion on the island, a doctor has been imported from Europe, although there are three efficient Government hos pitals within a mile or two of Kwato which cater solely for natives, and a hos pital for whites which has been in active operation almost as long as Kwato.

The whites in Papua belong to three divisions, or bodies of people, who have little sympathy with each other, or com mon interest. They form three distinct and separate communities. Government

officials and missionaries get on fairly amicably by following the policy of “You scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours,” but they are both in entire agreement that the commercial community in gen eral, and traders in particular, are a blot on the landscape, a wart on the nose of the otherwise comely face of Papua.

Some missionaries give full rein to their feelings, and by economic warfare en deavour to eliminate the aforementioned blots from the local scenery. This latter is the system at present being vigorously operated by Inc. Kwato Extension Asso ciation (No Dividends).

E. W. Harrison.

The comparative statement of Papuan revenue and expenditure for the 12 months ended June, 1934, and June, 1935, shows that receipts for the last financial year increased by £31,999 to £152,611.

Expenditure increased by £32,123 to £152,473. Customs and excise revenue in the territory increased by £7,877 to £43,427 last year.

The Montoro, which left Papua for Australia on August 11, took 1,206 cases of desiccated coconut, 188 bags of coffee (8J tons), 1,230 packages of rubber and 140 bags of copra from Port Moresby.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 25-26 (1 item)

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p. 26

New Guinea's Surplus

What Might be Done With the Money

TT is reported on March 31, 1935, the New Guinea Administration was show ing a surplus of £67,000 for the nine months, including £22,000 brought for ward from the previous year. It is probable that the surplus on June 30, 1935, will be shown as something near £90,000 —mostly the result of the ever growing gold royalty.

New Guinea interests are now on the qui vive. What will the Administration do with the surplus funds? Here are some of the alternative suggestions: Reduce the burden on the mining and transport companies by reducing the duty on mining machinery, aeroplanes and parts, and petrol.

Assist the whole goldfields population by paying a subsidy to the aerial trans port companies, on condition that the latter correspondingly reduce freights cLinicl. f3<ros Use the money to write down the value of expropriated plantations which are held under debt to the government, thus reducing the burden on planters.

Use the money to establish new agri cultural industries in New Guinea, to partly take the place of coconut planting.

Another Estimate

p. 26

From Our Own Correspondent.

WAU, August 4.

TT is expected that the financial year of A the Mandated Territory of New Guinea ended June, 1935, will disclose a surplus of approximately £50,000, of which £26,127 was brought forward from July, 1934- The estimated revenue for 1934-35 was £358,000. This is likely to be exceeded by £25,000 or £30,000, due mainly to the increased customs revenues, mining royalties and various mining fees. Ex penditure for the year should prove less than estimated, and should be about £364,000, salaries amounting to £170,000.

All external interest bearing loans during the last few years have been repaid owing to the prosperous gold in dustry, also necessary public buildings and dwellings have been undertaken, without any increase in the 5 per cent, gold royalty.

Over £83,400 was appropriated out of 1934-35 revenue for new works, of which £60,000 has been expended. A balance of £23,420 has been brought forward and included in the appropriated amount for new works for 1935-36, amounting in all to £90,000.

And Rabaul

p. 26

Road To Link Bainings

From Our Own Correspondent.

WAU, August 5.

SETTLERS in the Bainings district, New Britain, are pleased to learn that a surveyor is to proceed shortly to in vestigate the possibilities of constructing a road from the Bainings to Rabaul.

This will mean a great saving of time and money in the carriage to and from the capital of produce and stores which up to the present time are transported by water by small schooners.

Japanese Princes In Marshall Islands

pp. 27-28

How Mandated Territory Welcomed Members of Royal House

From a Special Correspondent.

JALUIT, Marshall Is., July 17.

IT was a red-letter day here in June, when the Japanese cruisers paid an official visit, on their way home from the South Seas. They had on board three princes, namely, Asaka no miya, Kuni no miya, and Fushimi no miya, one of them a commander, and the other two cadets.

Several weeks before their arrival preparations were begun to give the little township of Jebwar—the seat of government on the shores of this lagoon— an extra cleaning up and setting in order.

In addition to the usual regulations in force, owners of dogs were instructed to

securely fasten their canine friends so that none could roam around, and all ownerless dogs were to be destroyed. All rubbish was to be deposited in specified places and buried or burned, and coconut palms leaning over roads in the township were to be felled, or partly deprived of foliage so as to reduce danger to a mini mum. Notification was to be given to the authorities of any foolish, mad, and deaf and dumb persons in the township; and, two days before the arrival of the cruisers, no more canoes with natives were to approach the town.

From day to day police officials went to and fro supervising matters in an

As the Japanese Princes, led by Kuni no miya, and the warships’ officers pass through the garlanded arch of welcome, the residents—Japanese and Marshall Islanders—bow low in obeisance to the Royal visitors.

energetic endeavour to attain perfection in the preparations for Royalty.

A four-square arch of light lumber was erected on the land end of the principal wharf —the wharf that in the German time belonged to the Jaluit Gesellschaft.

Another arch, a simpler one, was con structed at the head of the path leading to the village playground. There a house of native material was constructed for the Royal party, from which could be witnessed native games arranged for their diversion. A couple of days prior to the great day, the outer surfaces of the arches mentioned above were coated with bright green leaves arranged in scale fashion with appropriate symbolism, greetings, etc., while the inner surfaces were covered with green plaited coconut leaves.

Early in the morning of the ships’ ar rival, a great crowd of Japanese and Islanders assembled along the outer shores of Jebwar, right down to the end of the township facing the passage. All were arrayed in their very best; many were perfumed, also, and most carried small Rising Sun flags. In the distance, in the direction of the rising sun, the expected warships could be seen as they headed for the passage, visible emblems of Japan’s power and might at this, the outermost bounds of the Empire.

As the cruisers entered the passage, the crowds along the shore cried out

“Banzai! Banzai!” again and again. At the same time, brass bands on the vessels struck up some stirring martial air. The big grey cruisers slid into the compara tively calm waters of the lagoon, and came to anchor opposite Jebwar.

At 1 p.m. a siren sounded, and Japanese and natives began to line up at specified places along one side of the wharf, and beside the road leading to the govern ment offices. After some time a party of cadets landed, marched up the wharf, and dispersed. A little later, another group followed suit. Then some coolies swept the sanded track, leaving not a footprint of those who had gone before.

Someone said, “They will soon be here now.”

All were on the qui vive. A few minutes passed, then a speed launch dashed up

to the wharf with the Royal visitors, and other ships’ officers. The party marched up the wharf, with the Princes in the lead. As they passed along, all nearby onlookers bowed low, and did not raise their heads until the party had passed on.

Meantime, not a sound was heard, save a couple of curt words of command.

Subsequently, at the sport grounds, the Royal party witnessed native dancing old style, and a hybrid new.

At night, bright electric lights flashed out words of welcome. A paper lantern procession marched up and down along the lagoon shores, opposite the cruisers, while from on board powerful search lights played to and fro.

On the third morning, to the tune of “Auld Lang Syne,” the cruisers took their departure, amid much flag-waving and cheering, and headed for the Carolines, and then on to Nippon.

Native canoe, Jaluit, Marshall Islands-town of Jebwar in the background.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 27-28 (1 item)

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Administration

pp. 28-30

Three ’Planes For N.G.

From Our Own Correspondent.

WAIT, August 10.

AEROPLANE service for admini strative purposes will soon become a commonplace. It is reported that within the last few months three aeroplanes have been imported into the Territory for the Administration, one of which is tc be stationed at Madang, where an aerodrome has already been constructed.

Rev. Father G. McServant, S.M., left Sydney by the Malaita on August 26 for Kieta, Bougainville, after six months leave in Australia. A missionary of the Marist Order, he has spent 25 years in the Vicariate Apostolic of Northern Solo mon Islands, and has been stationed in recent years at Hanahan, on the nort east coast of Buka Island.

Mr. Arthur H. Fletcher, of the Mela nesian Mission, Fauabu, North Mala.

Solomon Islands, returned to the Protec torate at the end of August, after nine months’ furlough in New Zealand. As the Mission’s architect and builder he has served in Melanesia since 1927. Mr.

Fletcher said that the work of erecting a new mission hospital in the Solomons will be commenced at the end of this year.

Advertisements & other items, p. 29 (1 item)

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N.G. Mummies

p. 30

From Our Own Correspondent.

WAU, August 21.

ANE of the preserved mummies found by Dr. Atcherley in the caves near Mapos, inland from Salamaua in the Morobe district, has been forwarded to Rabaul for scientific investigation- The caves are now under the protection of the District Officer, as in their present untouched condition they may prove to be an important field for archaelogical research.

Both Mr. F. E. Williams and Dr. Reo Fortune, two well-known anthropologists in the island of New Guinea are of the opinion that the mummified remains are contemporary w r ith the present natives of the district. These experts emphatically disagree with Professor Raymond Firth, of the London Anthropological Society, who advanced the theory that there might be some connection between the New Guinea mummies and the Egyptians.

Dr. Fortune, who recently returned from the Ramu area, considers the mummifi cation to be due to limestone action.

Too much publicity, he said, has been given to a natural geological phenomenon.

Administrator and Scientist Late Dr

p. 30

Scientist Late Dr. Schultz of Samoa

From Our Own Correspondent.

"* APIA, August 9.

THE news of the death of the last Ger man Governor of Samoa, Dr. Schultz - Ewerth, recalls the fact that he was not only a distinguished officer of the German Colonial Service, but also a well-known and respected scientist, deeply conversant with culture, laws and customs of the Samoan natives entrusted to his adminis trative care. He had published a number of works dealing with the object of his studies.

Dr. Schultz was specially interested in the preparation of new administrative methods in colonial administration, for which purpose in 1907 there was pub lished in Germany a volume containing the tribal laws of native inhabitants of all the German colonies. This was to serve as a basis for a new system of administration which since has been im proved and introduced in many British colonies by the late Lord Lugard, former Governor of British Nigeria and foremost authority on colonial administration in the British Empire.

The essentials of this new method of administration may be described as fol lows; Preservation of the original cul ture of the natives, participation of the native representatives (chiefs) in the inner administration, training of the natives for self-government by gradual adaptation to changed (Europeanised) cultural conditions, elimination of in stitutions incompatible with European conceptions (torture, ordeals, etc.) Such a self-government, with the hand of Euro pean government felt only indirectly, was actually in existence in Samoa, as Dr.

Schultz stated, “spontaneously, as a logi cal result of local conditions.’’

Though this “indirect rule” of native people has adversaries, it is certain that every native administration should be in possession of a knowledge of the social organisation and tribal laws of the natives in its care. The German Government gathered a wealth of material relating to native laws, and this material was sifted and published by a committee of colonial experts, amongst whom was Dr. Schultz, who, besides being chief editor, also wrote the Samoan portion of the volume, which, as he stated, was actually the firs" collective presentation of Samoan native law. . „ i Dr. Schultz proved himself an ideal Colonial Governor, who, with exemplary performance of his official duties, com bined a deep knowledge of the colony and its inhabitants, their language, history and culture, so that he was able to enrich science with valuable publications.

Miss Dora Simson, who has been work ing in the Melanesian Mission field since 1920, arrived in Australia from the Torgil school, Banks Islands, New Hebrides, at the end of August. After a brief stay on the mainland, she went on to Tasmania to spend her leave with relatives.

Mr W C. Abbie, a well-known figure on the Morobe goldfield; returned to the territory by the Montoro on August //. after receiving medical attention in Aus tralia. He underwent three operations while in Sydney and had recovered splen didly. Having been nine years on the field, Mr. Abbie is now running his own “show” on Merri Creek.

Advertisements & other items, p. 30 (1 item)

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Papua

p. 31

Diet And Native

Health

Dr. Clements’ Researches In Papua

From Our Own Correspondent.

Port Moresby, August 24.

T'kß. F. W. CLEMENTS, on the staff of the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine at the Sydney Uni versity, who left in June for the Mekeo district, with Mr. K. Clinton, a biological chemist, to make a survey of health conditions as affected by various altitudes in one district in Papua, returned to Port Moresby on August 2, after travelling from the coastlands by Yule Island to the high mountain ranges of the Goilala country at 9,000 ft.

Throughout his journey inland, he made an exhaustive survey of the different health conditions of each group he en countered as affected by diet, altitude, and ruling living and social conditions.

He was impressed by the large numbers of healthy sturdy men and women en countered in the Mekeo district, where apparently there was abundance of food.

On his return to Port Moresby, Dr.

Clements made a medical inspection of the large group of villages near the capital, and the reports of his tests for the various diseases to which natives are prone after contact with European civili sation extending over many years, should be of interest to those making a study of tropical medicines.

The investigators left Papua for Aus tralia by the Macdhui on August 23. Dr.

Clements intends to return next year to make a survey of the health conditions of the Purari Delta, where a large popu lation live along the mud banks of the labyrinth of waterways which form the mouths of the Purari.

Influenza’S Toll On

p. 31

Ocean Is.

TTEALTH authorities on tiny Ocean -■■■*• Island (situated just below the equa tor, in the south-west of the Gilbert Group, Central Pacific) have been fight ing a mild epidemic of influenza. Up to the beginning of August, 11 deaths had been caused by the germ. Medical officials now have the position in hand.

The steamer Simonside, which arrived at Lyttelton, New Zealand, on September 1, was unable to load phosphates when she reached Ocean Island during the middle of August, because the Islanders and Chinese were too ill to operate the loading gear.

Guinea Again

pp. 31-32

Jap. Poachers In New

From Our Own Correspondent.

WAU, August 20.

A CCOUNTS continue to reach the mainland that Japanese poachers have returned to New Guinea waters to fish the reefs around the islands of the Admiralty Group. These marauders ap proach in fast vessels carrying wireless.

It is reported that several Japanese landed recently at Anwin and insolently demanded shell from a European, with out payment. They searched his store, but finding no shell, left the island.

Rev. Arthur D. Lelean, Methodist mis sionary at Ra, who has given notable service in Fiji for many years, will return to Australia in April next. He has ac cepted the position of superintendent of the Donald circuit, New South Wales, in succession to Rev. A. Bligh.

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Papua’S Dragon

p. 32

Does the Komodo Really Exist ?

From Our Own Correspondent.

Port Moresby, August 20.

T>EV. OWEN PARRY of the London Missionary Society, Lawes College, Fife Bay, who is an honorary collector of snakes in Papua for Taronga Zoo logical Gardens, Sydney, recently made reference to the presence of the Komodo dragon in Papua. It is understood that he has already made arrangements for a specimen to be brought down to the coast to the government station in the Gulf.

The Komodo dragon, a gigantic monitor lizard; which derives its name from one of several small islands lying between the larger islands of Sumbawa and Flores in the Dutch East Indies, goes by the zoological name of Varanus Kovnodoensis.

Its ancestors are believed to be the originals of the traditional dragon of Chinese art. Early this year a party led by Lord Moyne visited the island of Komodo to secure specimens for the Lon don Zoo. He obtained three, but not of unusual size, though he and his party saw several measuring up to 12 feet in length.

Whether the Komodo dragon seen in Papua belongs to the same species of lizard as that found in Dutch East Indies has not definitely been proved. Few people have seen them, though for many years past reports have been circulated both by white people and natives of their appearance in different parts of the Ter

ritory—on the banks of the Laloki, Kikori, and Oriomo rivers, and on the Mekeo flats. The reptiles are feared greatly by the Koiari around Hombron Bluff and are familiar to the Nara, Kiwi, and Mekeo people who know them by different names (Lorio, Eleraru, and Siai).

It is interesting to note that the de scriptions of these creatures from each widely separated district tally- They appear to measure from 10 to 12 feet in length, their necks are thick and their heads resemble those of the Iguana, the tails are long and thick and taper to a point. They stand on squat bow-legs with wide spread feet and claws about 2 feet from the ground.

The dragons are said to live in trees, from which they attack their quarry (pigs and wallabies), and after killing their victims carry them up into the branches where they devour them. Heaps of bones have been found at the foot of trees both on the banks of the Oriomo river and near Hombron Bluff, where they have been encountered.

On one occasion in 1933, it was stated that one of these reptiles attacked a white man with a number of natives near the Oriomo river, charging them with wide open jaws, and that it took three shots to kill it. The body was carried across to Daru by the natives, where unfortunately before the white man was aware, it was partly eaten and destroyed and no remains could be found.

The arrival of the specimen at Taronga Park, and the scientific report that will follow should establish the fact whether the Komodo dragon exists in Papua or not, for in spite of the frequent reports of its appearance in the territory, it has been generally regarded as one of the myths of Papua.

Death of Mr. J. W. Sharpe

p. 33

Forty-Four Years In

Cook Is.

From Our Own Correspondent.

RAROTONGA, August 11.

A FORMER manager of the Cook Islands Trading Co., Mr. Joseph William Sharpe, died at Rarotonga on July 28, aged 74. Forty-four years ago he went to Penrhyn in charge of Messrs. Hender son and McFarlane’s store, where he re mained until offered the management of W. H. Grove and Son’s Rarotonga branch, which he later relinquished to take over the C.1.T.C., finally retiring from business in 1916.

Mr. Sharpe, who had not left his plan tation at Titikaveka for 19 years, was little known to the present generation, although his figure was a familiar enough sight to those passing along the Rutaki road. He took a keen interest in political economics, and was very certainly the only man in these islands to have ever bought and studied each successive issue of the N.Z. Govt.’s Hansard.

Nauru’s 1934 Report to League

p. 33

of Nations

¥ ESS than square miles in area, -■-* Nauru Island, held under League of Nations mandate by Britain, New Zeal and and Australia, is a paradise. It has no public debt, no drunkenness, no maternal mortality, and no woman has been gaoled there for nearly eight years.

These facts are included in the annual report to the Council of the League of Nations on the administration of Nauru by the present Administrator (Comman der R. C. Garsia). The island has a population of 2,677, of whom 1,567 are native Nauruans.

Its imports for 1934 amounted to £98,085, and its sole export—rock phos phates—was worth £470,872. The gen eral revenue was £19,798, to which a trust fund for royalties on the phosphate recovered added £2,703.

Expenditure included £2,010 on native education, £4,106 on health, and £4,658 on public works. There were 58 births during the year. Despite vigorous steps to combat leprosy, three mild cases oc curred. Generally, the health of the in habitants was good.

At the end of 1934, 928 Chinese workers were employed in the phosphate mines, and remittances to relatives in China during the year amounted to £9,886.

Mr. A. Travers Black, Sydney mining engineer, who has had considerable ex perience in New Guinea, left Sydney by the August Montoro for Port Moresby, later to fly across to Wau. During a three months’ stay in the Mandated Ter ritory, he will investigate several areas for an Australian mining syndicate.

Samoa And The

pp. 33-34

Mau

Late Administrator’s Claims are Challenged

From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, September 1.

THE former Administrator of Western Samoa, Sir Herbert Hart, on his re turn to New Zealand, granted interviews to various press representatives, in which he described the political and economic conditions of the territory as very satis factory. He claimed that there had been a vast improvement during his admini strative period, which had just found public recognition by an official pro nouncement of the New Zealand Govern ment.

Some of the statements are unfounded in fact and look suspiciously like self advertisement. For instance, Sir Herbert asserts that all trouble with the Samoan Mau ceased 18 months ago. The late Administrator must know that this is not so—as he had ample opportunity to ob serve during his last official malaga through the group. That the Mau, at present, shows no outward signs of activity is solely due to the fact that the Administration wisely left the natives alone and refrained from irritating and provocative measures. That the Mau exists and is strong is shown by a report that at the present moment a collection is being taken up among Mau members for funds, in preparation for the antici pated return of the exiled leader, O. F.

Nelson. It is expected that at the coming New Zealand elections the Labour Party will gain a majority and that the banish ment of Mr. Nelson will be cancelled.

Sir Herbert said that the co-operation of the native Samoans was most notable in the Health Department. Quite apart from the fact that the medical service was better organised and more extensive under Sir Herbert Hart’s predecessors (General Richardson and Colonel Allen), better sanitary and health conditions— especially in regard to the prevalence of yaws—have been brought about by a yaws campaign, made financially possible by the splendid support of the Rocke-

feller Foundation, and partly by the work of the only private medical practitioner in Samoa, Dr- Dawson.

Figures quoted by Sir Herbert show an increase in population from 37,865 in 1926, to 53,087 in 1935 —a natural increase of 40 per cent, in the last nine years. But the latter figure is an estimate based on a count made in connection with the yaws campaign and is, for all practical purposes, valueless. It is believed to be far too high; the actual population, at present, does not exceed 45,000.

It would lead too far to refute the various other statements made by Sir Herbert Hart regarding the financial and economic conditions in Samoa. Planters and merchants are still struggling through difficult times. Produce prices are low, the cocoa crop has so far been a washout, and there is at present a large surplus of bananas, unexportable owing to lack of transport. Sir Herbert Hart has not been sympathetic concern ing the problems of the planters and traders. Not once, during the four years of his administration did he set foot oh a privately-owned European plantation, though posing as an expert on agricul tural matters and passing judgment on the planting industry.

His attitude of indifference was recip rocated by the European community, not to mention the native Samoans. Reports of a newspaper correspondent, connected with the Apia Administration, who de scribed the splendour of farewell func tions given in honour of Sir Herbert and Lady Hart before their departure, caused

some merriment in Apia. As a matter of fact, farewell functions were almost ex clusively attended by the official set, and the paid Samoan officials; while the non official residents, as well as the majority of Samoans, who still belong to the Mau Movement, were conspicuous by their absence.

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Hen Eggs From Vavau,

p. 34

Tonga

From left to right: First four are White Leghorn eggs, hens and male bird were imported by Mr. A.

Schulke, of Vavau, from N.Z.; last four are Tongan hens’ eggs of various strains. Weight: No. 1, 3oz. 2 ½ dr.; No. 2,2oz. 5dr.; No. 3, 2 ½ oz. ; No. 4, 2oz.; Tongan eggs: No. 5, loz. 4½ dr.; No. 6, loz. 3dr.; No. 7, loz. 2 ½ dr.; No. 8, loz. Note the peculiar shape of No. 1 White Leghorn egg.

Photo.; W. Finau, Vavau.

Interesting Agricultural Experi

p. 34

On Papuan Upland

Interesting Agricultural Experi ment in Goilala District

From Our Own Correspondent.

PT. MORESBY, August 22.

AN interesting agricultural experiment at an altitude of 6,000 feet is being carried out in the Central Division by the Papuan Administration. Pear, apple, peach, nectarine and plum trees are being cultivated with apparent success at the Police Camp in the Goilala district, which extends to the western slopes of Mt. Albert Edward. Even grape vines have been planted at the station.

English potatoes thrive well in this district, also vegetables of all kinds ex cepting the cauliflower. In spite of de termined efforts to preserve it the latter refuses to flourish in the tropics even at this altitude.

The Goilala Police Camp has but re cently been established. It is a three days’ journey from the old Kambisi Camp near ivionda and is the furthest outpost in the division.

Application to Cut Kunai Grass

p. 34

in N. Guinea

From Our Own Correspondent.

WAU, August 22.

A considerable amount of interest has been caused in the Territory by an application from Australia for the right to harvest kunai grass over wide areas.

The Land Ordinance (1922-35) does not yet provide for such grants, but it is reported that the matter is receiving con sideration and that future legislation will make the necessary provisions for suc cessful application.

Gold In The Solomons

pp. 35-38

OLD in the Solomons! Of course there is. G-g-gold . . . plenty.”

The words gurgled drunkenly in his throat. “Haven’t we seen it, me and Hall, up in the hills near . . . Ugh!”

The exact site of that gold mine re mained unspoken. Even when a man is doped, some mysterious guardian keeps watch over his inmost thoughts. “The Solomons” had been waiting to hear that unspoken word for many years, but the opportunity passed.

“G-g-gold! It’s there, all right!”

His babbling ceased; he slept.

Over the hospital locker, a newly scheduled card told the world at large that Christopher Ackroyd, prospector, aged 32, admitted that very morning with an inflamed foot, occupied the bed. He had, in fact, been operated upon an hour earlier. The ward was very quiet now, save for the sounds that came from out side, the drone of the sea upon the reef and the thrashing of a palm against the wall. The bed opposite was occupied by an old man huddled under the quilt; all the others were empty.

As if to mark his contempt for the silence, the patient Ackroyd suddenly be gan to snore loudly.

His dreams followed the theme of his half unconscious talk . . . Gold, gold, gold . . . While other men had been searching the archipelago for years, Hall and he had been lucky enough to strike it almost at once, high up on the enormous bulk of Domingo, the big island that lies to windward of the group. Hall, the Australian, was a clever prospector; and Ackroyd, with his sound North Country sense, made an able second. Day after

day, up there in the high jungle, w'here an occasional break in the foliage ahead showed them, for below, the sea curving to an upended horizon, they had worked with 'feverish haste.

After the first breathless discovery of a lead, they had followed the vein of pre cious metal till the reef was gradually laid bare. Day after day, they had added to their haul in the little canvas bags which in their optimism they had brought with them from Laguti. That optimism had not been misplaced.

One day, heralded by an unusual burst of profanity, Ackroyd told all and sundry that he had stubbed his toe, and it soon became so painful and swollen that Hall insisted upon his returning to Laguti to see the doctor. With his boy’s help he had managed to get down the hill some how, hired a canoe, and reached the settlement, taking with him their first bag of specimens. The prospector had first confided his secret to Fillis, the banker; and, after seeing the gold locked up in the office safe, had limped up to the doctor’s house and shown him his foot.

A twinge of pain made him wake up to find a nurse looking down at him.

“How do you feel, Mr. Ackroyd.”

“Tip-top,” he answered.

“Any pain?”

“NO--00, nothing to speak of. What an awful smell in here.”

The girl laughed. “It’s the ether, that’s all.”

“Foof! What did he do at the opera tion?”

“Only took your nail off; you’ll soon be better.”

The patient, rubbing a turned-up nose, raised his blue eyes to the nurse, and his rather square tanned face broke into k smile.

“Did I say anything when I was going under?”

“Swearing, do you mean? Oh, no, you were very good.”

“I’m a bit noisy sometimes; I thought I might have disturbed the other patients.”

“There’s only old Charley in that bed over there. He wouldn’t take any notice.”

“Is that the old fellow who’s always hanging round the beach?”

“That’s him, and a regular old nuisance he is when he’s in here —won’t do any thing he’s told. Most of the people in Laguti think he is half-witted —mad about gold.”

“What’s he got to say about it?” asked Ackroyd, naively.

“Oh, he reckons he’s found a gold mine somewhere in the group, and he pesters everyone he meets to buy it.”

“Where does he say he’s found it?”

Ackroyd was becoming interested.

“He doesn’t know, really, and I don’t believe any one else does either. What do you think, Mr. Ackroyd? Is there any gold in the Solomons? They’re always hunting for it.”

But his only answer was a snore. The ether-sodden man had fallen asleep again.

Gold, gold, gold! In his dreams, he saw Hall standing knee-deep in the mountain stream, yelling to him to look at the clean-up . . . Then came the vision of that never-ending journey to Laguti, the slippery hillside track, the vines that caught and tore his hands, and his foot throbbing like the devil , . . The canoe on its way to town, motionless under the peaks of Bougainville, its mat sail hang

ing limp and still . . . The burning heat, the glare of the sea. . . , Outside the trade wind was freshening up, and a clock in the corridor struck eleven. It was just the hour that Fillis, in his private room, was examining Ack royd’s specimens under a glass for the twentieth time, and saying to himself that there would be no more talk about shutting up that branch. “This fellow’s saved the Solomons,” was his unspoken verdict.

Gold, gold, gold! . . . The ether mask, and the face of that fresh young nurse gazing down at him with her serious eyes . . . all woven together in the woof of his dream.

Twelve o’clock.

Low voices coming from behind the screen round Charley’s bed brought him to his waking self. He remembered Char ley quite well. The very day Hall and he had landed at Laguti from Sydney, the old man had come up to them on the waterfront, winking and looking wise, in a senile way, trying to spin some yarn on them about his gold mine. He and Hall had laughed at his tale, and they laughed at it again later on when they found it themselves. Charley, in the hos pital, appeared about as futile as Charley on the beach.

“Now, Charley, you must be good. Keep still!”

The ether surged back into his lungs again, and a sudden blankness descended on him. . . . Then once more he was wide awake, really awake this time—he pinched himself to make sure.

A gust of wind blew the screen curtains across the frame, exposing the bed and its occupant to Ackroyd’s view. The old man was struggling feebly with a cross looking nurse—not his nurse, of course— and a man with his back towards him was sitting on the bed.

“That’s the doctor,” said Ackroyd to himself. “What’s he there for, I wonder?”

He didn’t like that doctor chap; a young fellow with sharp features and black hair, very black —“Sure sign of a villain, that.” He passed his hand over his own fair, curly head. . . . “Don’t like the feller; up to some dirty trick now all right.”

“Tell us about the gold, Charley.” At this remark, Ackroyd’s interest deepened.

“Yes, tell the doctor,” came in a per suasive tone from the nurse.

“I won’t.”

“You won’t get better if you don’t do what the doctor wants you to, Charley.”

“You mean he won’t get out alive,” added the doctor, grimly.

Ackroyd began to get alarmed at the turn the conversation was taking. A duet of bass and contralto snapped across the bed in a running fire of questions, while the old man in tremulous tones defied his tormentors.

“Is the gold on Malaita?” the bass in toned.

“Is it on Bougainville?” echoed the alto.

“It’s on neither. Leave me alone, I tell you!”

The breeze played with the curtains, and finally let them fall in place again, so that the prospector could see no more.

But what he had heard was sufficient.

These two were out to discover the secret of Charley’s gold mine—by now, Ackroyd was ready to believe it really existed —and he gathered that certain papers which were under the old man’s pillow would supply the clue. But Charley appeared to be defending his property: the sound of a scuffle, followed by a stifled shriek, reached him as he lay in bed.

“About time I went over,” thought the young man, and he tried to move his legs, but failed. An attempt to call out was equally unsuccessful. He could do noth ing to assist. As he lay there, amazed at his helplessness, the curtains suddenly

.•swung aside again. What he saw across the ward made Ackroyd’s eyes grow wide with terror.

They had overpowered the old man. He watched the doctor seize his victim by the throat with one hand and stretch it out in a line of grisly flesh, while with the other he produced a razor from under the bed and swept it across the tautened tissues in a long gaping cut. God! The blood . . . the sheets were dripping with it, the floor under the bed flooded in a ■crimson stream.

And then the curtain fell again, shut ting off his view, and leaving him staring at its snowy surface.

He heard the rustle of papers, and an exclamation from the nurse.

“You don’t mean to say he’s sold it?”

“Yes, I do. To Hall and Ackroyd. It’s here in black and white.”

“Ackroyd knows all about it, then?” she whispered.

“Of course, he does; he’ll be the next.”

“Sssh! He’ll hear you!”

“Not he —he’s not out of the anaesthetic yet.”

“We’ll never get it out of him; he’s too ■close.”

“Won’t we? This talks.” Ackroyd imagined him flashing the razor. “If he •doesn’t, there’ll be another death under an anaesthetic, that’s all.”

A significant silence followed, during which Ackroyd made another attempt to move his limbs, without success. It was his own safety that he was concerned about now. . . . Another death under an anaesthetic, and he, Chris Ackroyd, the victim. . . Anaesth ... tic ... tic .. . Gold, gold, gold!

He woke again in a cold sweat, gazed blankly at the screen across the ward, now discreetly drawn, and remembered with a start of horror what lay behind it. He must get out of this at once. This time he succeeded in raising his legs from under the bedclothes, swept them free, and sat up.

There was no one about. Feverishly he fumbled in the locker beside the bed, drew out his clothes and struggled into them.

Carrying his suitcase, he lurched down the empty corridor.

It was the lunch hour: a buzz of talk came from the nurses’ dining room, and a high-pitched voice was holding forth as one having authority. Just as he sneaked by, he heard his own nurse, the pretty probationer, break in in her clear young tones: “Oh, matron, he was sleep ing quite soundly a few minutes ago. I’ll go in as soon as I’ve finished lunch.”

“She doesn’t know what’s been going on in the ward, anyway,” though the ex patient. “I am sure she would have helped me get away.”

Whereat it appears that Chris Ackroyd may have been inoculated with some other dope than ether.

A moment later he was out of earshot, and steering an erratic course for the town.

Strong hands took charge of him at the hotel, and someone asked him why he was back so soon. As he was helped to his room, he heard a woman’s voice answer ing the telephone, “Yes, he’s here, doctor.

Quite all right, but a bit sleepy. I’ll put him to bed and watch him. Let you know if ...” he wondered vaguely whom she was talking about.

The last thing he was aware of was Mrs.

Baker smoothing his pillow and dropping eau-de-Cologne on his forehead. The relief at his escape from the hospital was wonderful . . . Gold, gold, gold . . .

The next morning, feeling very fit after a good breakfast, he went out and sat

down on the verandah. His head had cleared and the memory of Charley’s mur der came back, tinged with doubt. Still, it was too real as yet to be entirely dis regarded. He longed to ask if anyone had heard of it, but his native caution held him back. While he was pondering over it. he suddenly turned in his chair; the doctor chap was looking down at him.

“Good morning, young fellow,” was the medico’s greeting.

Ackroyd, greatly embarrassed, mumbled something in reply.

“Feeling all right to-day?”

“Yes, thanks.”

“What happened to you yesterday?”

Ackroyd looked down unhappily at his boots.

“Got windy, did you?” went on the doc tor.

Ackroyd looked up at last and thtur eyes met. The doctor’s hair was certainly very black, but his face was smiling, and he did not look like a murderer. He decided to be frank.

“Well, doc., I did get windy. It must have been a bad dream I had, I think.”

“What about?” inquired the other with interest.

“That old man in there. 1...er . . .

thought ...”

“That’s the trouble, you shouldn’t try to think after an anaesthetic —but go on.”

“I thought I saw you and the nurse . . . er . . Oh, it was only a dream, but very real to me, then ... I thought you’d cut his throat.”

“Cut his throat! This grows interest ing. What did you see me do, exactly?”

“I saw his neck all stretched out and you brought out your razor and ... I must have been dreaming.”

“Dreaming!” The doctor began to laugh. “What you saw in your dream was the ward sister and I giving him his weekly shave. The old wretch wouldn’t let her do it, and I had to help her. So you thought your turn was coming next, and cleared out before you had your own cut, eh? Great Scott, that’s a good one!”

Ackroyd was laughing with him now.

“What’ll Ido about it, doc.? Shout cham pagne?” .

“Yes, I guess it’s worth it. But wait till I’ve fixed your toe up. And that reminds me, your little friend, Nurse Foster, told me to bring you back dead or alive. She hasn’t finished nursing you yet, she says.

I’m going to drive down presently; are you coming?”

At which message, Christopher Ackroyd blushed for the first time in this story.

G. H. Vernon.

„ „ , . , , „ - „ Mr. A. S. Burton, Islands trayellei foi Messrs. Tooth and Co. Ltd., returned to t a o iia -ew Sia nian tr produ™f, S hTsaW, 5 ' beer imported into Noumea was subject to a duty Of 8 - per dozen bottled; the Dutch Japanese, and Indo-China articles paid only 1/9, he added.

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p. 38

Search For A Lost

From Our Own Correspondent.

PAPEETE, August 4.

AN incident, which might easily have had a more serious termination, oc curred during the stay of H.M.N.Z.S.

Dunedin at the island of Borabora, Lee ward Group. One of the ship’s petty officers, an ardent mountain climber, found his ambition stirred afresh by the sight of the fantastic peaks which have never yet been scaled and which, as every old timer knows, provide nothing but an extremely treacherous and crumbly foot hold for the unwary mountaineer.

He set out early in the morning and when night came was missing. A search was at once instituted by the natives of the island, assisted by Captain Mourral and men of the French naval schooner Zeelee, which had been sent to Borabora with a message of welcome to Commodore Drummond from His Excellency Governor Sautot. "A party of men from the Dunedin also took part in the search, and the island was flooded by searchlights.

Some 36 hours elapsed, however, before the missing bluejacket was finally located in a crevice from which he was unable to extricate himself, or make any sort of signal which could be observed from the ship. Fortunately his injuries proved to be very slight.

H.M.N.Z.S. Dunedin called in at the island of Tahaa and then proceeded to Moorea where she anchored in Oponohu Bay on August 2. There a lively native party was provided for the officers at the home of Mr. and Mrs. L. Phillips. The Dunedin is expected in Papeete in August 6.

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Administratorship of Samoa Petition

p. 39

Samoa Petition for Appointment of Mr. A. C. Turnbull

From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, Sept. 1.

A MOVEMENT has been started amongst citizens of Apia, to petition the New Zealand Government for the permanent appointment of the present Acting Administrator, Mr. A. C. Turnbull.

Mr. Turnbull during the past few years as Secretary to the Administration has acquired a deserved popularity by his approachable and courteous manner and willingness to assist people struggling through the present difficult times. He is conversant with local conditions and people, and has shown tact and diplomacy in difficult situations. The citizens of Samoa say they would prefer to have a man well known and sympathetic to wards them as Administrator, than to be experimented upon by a new and un known official who would need consider able time to find his feet and get ac quainted with the difficult problems of the territory.

The petition to the New Zealand Gov ernment was exhibited for signature by the citizens at a public place. In order to reach New Zealand before the return of the Prime Minister (Mr. Forbes) it was forwarded there by wireless.

Judge Ayson’s Claim

p. 39

WRITING in July from Montreal, Canada, Mr. Marc. T. Greene, in a letter to the editor, makes some interest ing comment on the Samoan administra torship. Sent to Samoa a few years ago to study political and economic conditions there, Mr. Greene, who is an active Ameri can newspaper correspondent, proved himself a keen student of Samoan affairs, and his opinions and views on Samoa and its problems received considerable atten tion.

“The possibility of Judge Ayson, Resi dent Commissioner of the Cook Islands, being made the next Administrator of Western Samoa interests me greatly, be cause I have urged it repeatedly and advocated it at Wellington,” he writes. “I do not think it is too much to say that there is not an executive post in the en tire Pacific having to do with adminis tration of native peoples that Judge Ayson is not qualified to fill, and that he would not fill with distinction. If Samoa gets him as successor to General Hart it will be a most excellent thing and cer tainly will continue the progress General Hart has made toward reconciling the situation there.

“It was a great pleasure and a satis faction to read in the June issue of the Pacific Islands Monthly of the honour awarded by the Empire to Brigadier- General H. E. Hart. Since the same honour was paid two of his predecessors though in one of the cases for just what reason it would be difficult to discover—it was logically due General Hart. But what is more to the point, it was due him for the things he has accomplished in Wes tern Samoa under the most trying con ditions. I, therefore, who ought to and do know something about it, subscribe most enthusiastically to your comments on the award of a knighthood, to him.”

Pan-Pipe Music

p. 39

Primitive Papuan Orchestra

IN a broadcast address through Sydney radio stations on August 22, Mr. Jack Hides, assistant resident magistrate in the Papuan Administration, referred to the charming music he heard from Pan pipes played by natives inhabiting a val ley through which he passed on his long patrol recently. Their instruments, he said, were made from a combination of

short and long reeds from the river banks.

The. expedition enlisted the services of friendly natives as guides for the journey through the river-basin, stated Mr. Hides, and whenever a halt was called for rest ing purposes, the natives played delightful tunes on the pipes. He once heard a band of 200 natives playing in unison and he would never forget the beauty and rhythm of the music. The harmony was perfect.

The notes from one or a few pipes were difficult to catch except at close quarters, but the great orchestra of 200 kept him and his party enthralled until the last note died away.

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Gold in North-west New Guinea

p. 40

From a Special Correspondent.

WEWAK, August 3.

THERE have been no further gold finds recently in the Aitape or Sepik dis tricts. Several prospectors have left the areas with no new additions. A boring plant for a southern company is in opera tion and is making steady progress.

Prospectors have been round the big mountains and still fail to find from whence the gold is shedding. Tests taken on lower areas show very little values. In

some places no gold is found below certain altitudes and on certain falls only. Notice able, too, is that different value gold is found on the same falls adjacent to one another.

Mr. Galet arrived by the last Macdhui with an assistant and gear to prospect further the areas he has pegged on behalf of his company on the Yellow River.

Mr. G. Eichhorn has gone out to prospect an area that he thinks may yet prove valuable. It is in a remote corner many miles away from other finds.

Noticing that Upper Sepiks are quoted at high rates on southern stock exchanges, everyone here has been asking where the “show” is situated. Are there two Sepiks or does the name bear no resemblance to the place? At the time of writing no com pany has been on the Sepik to take over options or is holding claims or leases.

Messrs. Johnstone and Kavanagh have been prospecting the areas between the Sepik mouth and Wewak. Good colours have been found in some places, but nothing yet payable enough to work.

Rarotonga

p. 40

Polynesian Traveller Revisits Rarotonga

From Our Own Correspondent.

RAROTONGA, August 11. 11/I R. H. H. HEMUS, travelling inspector for Messrs. A. B. Donald and Co.’» wideflung Pacific interests, is paying Rarotonga one of his periodical visits.

Mr. Hemus’s island memories date back 47 years, commencing with his first voyage on the old Countess of Richmond in 1888, when that vessel made a regular six weeks’ trip from Auckland, calling at Tonga, Samoa, Tahiti, and Rarotonga. On that occasion Robert Louis Stevenson came aboard at Samoa and was a guest of the ship’s officers at dinner. In those days A. B. Donald and Co. was knowrn as Donald and Edenburgh, but among the natives it was spoken of as the Taporo Co. on account of being the first to make large purchases of island lemons.

To present residents it seems a far cry to the time when all cargo had to be unloaded in whaleboats and there was only one white woman on Rarotonga.

Glancing at the Union Co.’s extensive waterfront buildings and the gaily dressed crowd which gravitates thither on mail days, it is difficult indeed to believe that such changes have taken place in the short span of 47 years.

N.I. Fruit Industry

p. 40

THE rehabilitation of the banana grow ing industry in Australia has given rise to serious repercussions in Norfolk Island. N.I. growers had attempted to cater for the depleted mainland market by planting fresh areas. Now that bananas from northern N.S.W. and Queensland have reached such large quantities, the Islanders are finding great difficulty in disposing of surplus produce, since the New Zealand market is shut to them.

The N.S.W. Director of Fruit Culture (Mr. C. G. Savage), who recently inves tigated the N.I. fruit industry on behalf of the Federal Government, said he emphasised to the growers the import ance of choosing the best site for banana and orange plantations. The soil of Nor folk Island was of a rich volcanic nature and excellent crops of juicy, thin-skinned Valencia oranges were being obtained.

Subterranean Caves In

p. 41

Fiji

Natural Wonders of The Yasawas

I HAVE read with interest various ar ticles in the Pacific Islands Monthly referring to ancient Chinese symbols dis covered in Fiji by Mr. A. J. Vogan, writes Mr. Arthur Robinson, of Natovo Estate, Vanua Levu, Fiji.

The symbols are said to be 3000 years old, and were found in a cave in the Yasawa Group, Northern Fiji. Having been a trader there for 20 years, I know the caves and the peculiar carving very well.

I have a little to add concerning the extraordinary nature of the Yasawas Caves where the carved symbols exist.

The main cave is reached by a passage through limestone, and is apparently a single one, with a straight up and down wall open at the top. The bottom of the cave is filled with crystal clear water close to the entrance, which gradually deepens into a dark blue. On one side is a rock resembling a pulpit. If one swims to the far side of the cave, just near the big rock, under the water is an entrance to a second cave.

One can reach a third cave through an underwater entrance on the far side.

The only way to reach these two caves is by diving down at the side until one sees a faint glow of light in front, and then swims under water a few feet to come up inside the caves. The light is caused by small openings in the roof of the caves.

Once inside the subterranean cave, the entrance hole can plainly be seen.

The first experience of diving into the cave awes the swimmer, and for that reason hundreds have funked the dive under water —I funked it myself for years, but eventually did both dives. Once in side one finds thousands of names and dates chalked on the walls by people who have been there. There are plenty of ledges jutting out to rest on while in the inner caves. I generally used an electric torch to explore the caverns.

Mr. Vogan does not mention whether he examined these under-water caves; probably, like hundreds of others, he would not risk a dive into, darkness. Yet there is plenty of room inside above water to the roof of the caves. There are no carvings on the inside cave walls. Pro bably the people who left their records on the walls of the main cave did not know other caves existed, the entrances to which are under water, through the walls of the main cave where the symbols are situated high up on the straight smooth walls.

Mr. R. J. Winters, consulting geologist, left Sydney on August 27 by the Montoro to inspect and report upon gold-bearing areas at Misima Island, Papua. He will be engaged at Misima until the middle of October, when he will leave for New Guinea to visit the property of Sandy Creek Gold Sluicing Ltd., near Wau. At Sandy Creek he will confer with Mr.

Andrew J. Smeaton, the local represen tative, who was recently appointed a director, and will be on the field when the company’s No. 1 sluicing plant is inaugurated. Mr. Winters, who made some of the original discoveries on the Edie Creek field in the early days, will return to Australia in December.

More Dredging Claims On

pp. 41-42

Lakekamu

From Our Own Correspondent.

Port Moresby, August 3.

A further 920 acres have been taken up on the Lakekamu goldfields by Mr.

Peter Radcliffe for gold dredging claims known as Swamp Creek No. 1,2, 3 and 4, situated on Swamp Creek near Casso wary Creek.

Interest in the abandoned claims of the Astrolabe has been revived since the suc cessful venture of Mr. A. Christie. It is reported that among other claims two have been taken up by a resident of Port Moresby, one of which is already under option to a large mining concern.

Mr. F. Whitlock, of Lever’s Pacific Plantations Pty. Ltd., West Bay, Solomon Islands, returned to S.I. by the Malaita from Sydney on August 26.

Captain van Stevennick, a Dutch army pilot, has been selected to lead an air expedition to chart the unexplored regions of Dutch New Guinea from the air. The party, consisting of 25 Europeans and 25 natives, with three De Havilland ’planes, will leave at the end of September for Manokwari, the main centre in the Nor thern Division of Dutch New Guinea.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 41-42 (1 item)

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Men Who Knew Yesterday

pp. 42-44

By Julian Hillas

1. Viggo Rasmussen

"T'HERE are many schooners,” remarked JL a resident grown old and wise in the Islands, “and many captains. But, unfor tunately, there is only one Viggo Ras mussen. When Viggo retires it will be the end of an era.”

The words made me think; and, listen ing, it struck me that the man whose Christian name some fifteen thousand natives prefix with “Papa” must be an exceptional kind of person, and one whom it would be well worth meeting.

Accordingly, a morning came which found me rowing out to the “Tiare Ta poro,” where she lay at anchor opposite A. B. Donald and Co.’s main store in Rarotonga. There were a hundred and twenty feet of her, all white paint, and such a gleaming row of ports along the after deck-house that she looked more like some trim pleasure-yacht than the rather elderly copra-carrier which she really is. And down in the tiny saloon, ten feet by twelve, this impression was further heightened by ivory-white bulk heads and little starched curtains on polished rods. Below the skylight, a round brass clock struck the nautical hours.

Four bells sounded as I came aboard, but I hesitate —since it was a first visit — to say what time it was when I left. Talk ing to Viggo—for everyone calls him by his first name—one is unconscious of time.

Here, in this blond and genial Dane, was someone who had indeed come close to fulfilling the average dreams of youth,

trading, ashore and afloat, in the Pau motu, Society, Gambier and Cook Groups for nearly forty years. Gradually, be cause Viggo is reticent where his own experiences are concerned, I managed to extract the main events in the life of one who has rightly been described as the last of the independent and semi-in dependent traders whose tall-masted schooners were once a familiar sight to every islander in the Pacific.

Born in Copenhagen 58 years ago, young Rasmussen went to sea at the early age of 14, and after serving an apprentice ship in the cold northern waters off the Iceland coast, arrived by devious stages in Tahiti, four years before the close of last century.

Leaning over the ship’s side, he watched the conglomerate crowd stroll past the waterfront. The red roofs of Papeete shimmered in the heat-haze, flamboyant trees made crimson footpaths along the shady roads; and, away to the left of the town, white-curled clouds capped the Dia dem as it rose above Fautaua, where the brown mountain stream tumbled noisily into famed Loti’s pool. A somnolent off shore breeze carried languorous scents of vanilla and the primrose-hearted frangi pani. It was a veritable isle of dreams; and, when his vessel sailed away a few days later, young Rasmussen had required little persuasion to remain behind.

Working first for one company and then another, sometimes as supercargo and sometimes ashore, he soon acquired an all-round knowledge of trading. Those were the halcyon days of the pearl trade,

and many thousands of pounds’ worth passed through Rasmussen’s hands be tween ’96 and ’O6, the majority coming from the scattered atolls of the Paumotu and Gambier Groups.

In ’97, five thousand native divers were at work in Hikueru lagoon alone; and, on the same island, during ’O3, Rasmussen had his first experience of a hurricane.

In a single night, between sunset and sunrise, four hundred divers out of twelve hundred were lost. The seas bared a strip of land three miles long by a quarter wide, leaving only the surface of the coral foundation below. Palms, trees, houses and animals were all washed away; and one elderly woman, clinging desperately to a piece of planking, was blown across to a small uninhabited atoll ten miles dis tant. Four days later she paddled her self back to Hikueru in a canoe which had also drifted ashore.

After this, hurricanes became a matter of course, and to date he has weathered seven, four of which have been at sea.

During the ten years which he spent in French Oceania Rasmussen remembers the loss of forty vessels in those waters, most of these being wrecked in calm weather whilst working cargo off the reef.

Surprisingly few wrecks were due to the more spectacular hazards of the sea, although at Takaroa the barque “Roches ter” was driven ashore during a hurricane and beached with all yards standing far above high-tid© mark in the bush.

The number of small cutters which sank or went astray among the labyrinthine reefs and channels of the Paumotus was enormous.

An instance of the truth that a little knowledge in the wrong hands is apt to prove dangerous was demonstrated by a half-caste Chilean trader who wished to take a cutter from Mangareva to Marutea —a by no means great distance. Having borrowed a compass, he approached old Captain Doom and from him ascer tained the correct course to set. Taking no chances, the latter scratched a mark on the rim of the compass. The cutter sailed away, but was soon bobbing up and down so wildly that it was only with the

greatest difficulty that she was kept on her course. Presently the Chilean gentle man had an idea, and, making a wooden peg, wedged this between the free dial and the fixed copper rim of the compass at the point marked by Captain Doom!

With tl}e congratulations of the crew ringing in his ears he then sat back wait ing for Marutea to appear on the sky line. After waiting a fortnight he was considerably startled, but by no means unrelieved, to find himself under the lee of Hivaoa, in the Marquesas!

Joining the well-known Auckland firm of A. B. Donald and Co., Rasmussen came to Rarotonga in 1906, and was for many years in charge of their trading-station on Mitiaro. It was, I think, during this period that the prefix “Papa” made its appearance, although it was not in com mon usage until he took command of the “Tiare Taporo,” after Captain Joe Win chester’s death in 1918, and, following a. short spell afloat as skipper of the schooner “Vaite.”

The “Tiare Taporo” had “made news” during the War, when she picked up the marooned merchantships’ crews left on Mophelia by the notorious raider Von Luckner, after a tidal wave wrecked the “Sea Adler.” The Count’s mirror hangs to-day in the cabin of the “Tiare,” and every morning reflects the kindly blond features' of “Papa” Viggo.

Somebody, some day, will perhaps write the saga of this man and his little white sailed schooner. As it is, many books have mentioned them and one, Tom Richards’ “White Man, Brown Woman,” is dedicated to him. Authors Nordhoff, Hall, Prisbie, Zane Grey, Gouverneur Morris, the late Robert Keable, and sev eral others have all, at one time or an other, sat in the “Tiare’s” saloon as she rode at her moorings below the purple hills which flank the harbour at Tahiti.

Douglas Fairbanks has stepped across her gangplank and the shapely legs of Lila Lee have scrambled up the tall scaf folding which surrounded the “Tiare” when she lay on slip way at Papeete.

Time and environment have woven themselves set closely into the fabric of

Captain Viggo Rasmussen, one of the last of the old-time Pacific traders, takes a “sight” from the poop of the “Tiare Taporo.”

Viggo’s life that he now looks upon the inhabitants of the Cook Islands, and par ticularly those in the remote northern atolls of Manihiki and Penrhyn, as being members of one large family which he has voluntarily adopted. Much concerned by the poverty occasioned in these islands by the fall in copra prices “Papa” Viggo en couraged the girls to go in for hat-making on a far bigger scale than hitherto and, during the past couple of years, has taken away and sold upwards of a thousand of those beautifully plaited white rito hats

for which Manihiki Island is famous.

Commenting on the changes which he has seen, Viggo said that nothing struck him so forcibly as the difference between the old and new types of trader. For merly, these seemed to be almost without exception sailors, so that the Islands weie really a kind of Fiddlers Green, where the ageing souls of sea-captains remained within sight and sound of the ocean on which they had spent their lives. Some of them were rather strange in their methods of book-keeping but, as they always managed to show a substantial profit at the end of the year, I was left to draw my own conclusions regarding the modern genus and the relative values of accountancy and efficiency.

“The colour bar,” said “Papa” Viggo, in answer to a further question, “never existed in those days, just as it does not exist now, either in Tahiti or Rarotonga* among people of real standing. Of course,” and I will not swear that there was not a suspicious twinkle in his eye* “of course, you must remember there were very few white women here then.’ "V iggo himself is married to a Penrhyn islander, and has his home on that lonely 40-miles riband of palm-tufted coral which rings 108 square miles of lagoon, containing some of the best pipi pearl-shell beds in the Southern Pacific.

Rowing ashore again, after a lunca which included fresh eels brought over from Mitiaro in kerosene tins, I turned and looked back at the “Tiare,” with the short rotund figure of her captain sil houetted against the saloon companion way, and I found myself repeating the old resident’s words. “When Viggo retires it will be the end of a definite era.”

It was true. A man may be the last of his kind, and yet not represent any thing of the epoch of which he is part, while another, on relinquishing his activi ties, marks his passing as it were with a full stop.

A new age is dawning in the Islands; the sands of “yesterday” are fast slip ping through the hour-glass of time, and, for better or worse, the glamorous days of romance, of adventure and of kindly leisurely contact with the natives are already numbered.

There will never be another “Papa Viggo born into this era of feverish com mercialism; and, even if there were, I greatly doubt if he would be able to find therein a counterpart of the “Tiare Taporo.”

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p. 44

British Consul Leaves Tahiti on Sick Furlough

From Our Own Correspondent.

PAPEETE, August 4.

DR. W. J. WILLIAMS, for many years H.B. Majesty’s Consul at Tahiti, left Papeete for San Francisco by the Maun ganui on July 17 for a few months’ leave of absence on account of ill-health.

At the beginning of the year, Dr. Wil liams contracted a severe chill and in fluenza, which made disastrous inroads upon his strength, so that he has been more or less an invalid ever since. It is satisfactory to learn by wireless that his condition is now improving daily and that we may hope to see him back again fully restored to health.

Mrs. Williams remained in Tahiti to take care of the doctor’s private inter ests; while for the time being the Con sulate is in charge of the Vice-Consul, Mr. S. Russell.

Mr. A. H. Wilson, Chief Surveyor in the Lands Department, Solomon Islands, returned to Tulagi by the August Malaita.

Lively Election Day

p. 45

Cook Is. Council

• From Our Own Correspondent.

RAROTONGA, August 11.

ON August 7 European residents exer cised their right to vote for a repre sentative on the Cook Islands Council.

Two candidates were nominated, Mr. Bei t Shearman, sitting member, and Mr. Wil liam Mcßirney, one of the oldest white planters in the island. The election, which is only the second contested elec tion since voting was established locally, devolved into a fight between the two largest business groups, supported on the one hand by the official vote and on the other by the non-trading interests.

More than 90 votes were recorded, Mr.

Shearman being returned by a majority of 39. The result was generally antici pated, Mr. Mcßirney having stood largely to infuse a dash of colour into proceed ings which, through lack of public in terest, were in possible danger of ulti mately becoming nominational rather than electoral. In this respect the elec tion was certainly a success, both parties running round in motor cars unearthing septuagenarian voters, and figures seldom seen abroad at any other time were ob served flitting like ghosts in and out of the polling booth.

In a small community such as this, where opinions are all either known or very well suspected, the position of the various religious factions is difficult. One cannot but commend the tactful attitude adopted by both the Catholic and Seventh Day Adventist missions by abstaining from any active part in what might have savoured of political or personal par tisanship.

“McLaren” opossum

p. 45

Discovery of New Marsupial in St. Matthias Group, N.G.

A NEW species of ring-tailed opossum from New Guinea is intriguing Aus tralian naturalists and scientists. Cap tured in the St. Matthias Group, away to the north-east of the N.G. mainland, specimens were brought to Victoria re cently by Captain G. H. McLaren, a for mer S.D.A. missionary in the Mandated Territory, who presented them to Pro fessor Wood Jones, of the University of Melbourne.

Professor Wood Jones has prepared an official scientific description of the new specimens, naming them after Mr.

McLaren. Two of the specimens are merely carcases, one a male and the other a female, but the third is a lively ball of white fur which has been living deli cately for weeks upon bananas, passion fruit, biscuits, milk, and honey, with occa sionally a tropical papaw or a nibble of apple or carrot. The specimens are the only three in the world outside their na tive home, St. Matthias, whence an attempt is being made to obtain a mate for the little epicure.

The animal is a cuscus, a marsupial similar in some respects to a rare species in tropical Australia, but instead of being grey, with whitish blotches, it is a pure creamy white, with beautiful fur, and a disarming countenance. In some respects it is like a koala, but smaller.

Mr. R. Nettleship, Customs Officer at Salamaua, departed for New Guinea by the Montoro on August 27, after a holi day in Sydney.

Mr. R. A. Kudnig, mining- engineer, left Sydney for the Solomon Islands by the Malaita on August 2G. Having been en gaged by Sheeba Mining Options Ltd., he will look over a new area on Bougain ville Island which has not previously been reported on. The property is said to carry copper and gold in payable quan tities, and Mr. Kudnig will spend six weeks in the Northern Solomons making thorough tests. Sheeba Mining Options Ltd., registered at Canberra in April last, recently acquired from Sheeba Options No Liability their interests in certain properties being investigated in Papua and New Guinea.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 45-46 (1 item)

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pp. 46-47

Gay Animation Marks Tahiti’s July 14 Festivities

From Our Own Correspondent.

PAPEETE, August 4. rpRE July festivities, which terminated trippers from America, the co-incident arrival of two mail steamers, a Union Company freighter, and H.M.N.Z.S.

Diomede. The French war vessel Amiral Charner, which left for Auckland, New Zealand on July 22, was also in port throughout the celebrations.

Upon such occasions as these the waterfront and open spaces surrounding the new King Albert park are entirely transformed by the erection of innumerable temporary structures wherein are en-

joyed all kinds of distractions by an agglomeration of men, women and chil attire.

This crowd of vari-coloured humanity, moving slowly back and forth under a glow of lights and illuminations, is a spectacle well worth a visit to this part of the world, and is no doubt the reason that a large number of visitors from America, Australia, and New Zealand, cancelled their return voyage and are still lingering on in Tahiti enjoying the won derful weather of the best season of the year. It is very characteristic of the

Night scene during the July l4th celebrations. The heterogeneous crowd drifting through a festooned avenue in Papeete. photo .. M . Foster , Papeete.

island that, notwithstanding depression in the copra, vanilla, and shell markets, the natives always find the means—how is a standing mystery—to spend lavishly on pleasure during these periods of public enjoyment.

The official side of the celebrations was strengthened on this occasion by the attendance of Captain Cosmo Graham and officers of H.M.N.Z.S. Diomede at the re view held in front of the Post Office, and the ceremony at the monument to the Tahitians who lost their lives in the great war. Both of these functions at tracted a large crowd of the general public, in addition to the detachments of uniformed men, bemedalled officials, and school children who participated. Cap tain Graham placed a wreath on the monument on behalf of the Diomede.

The customary native community sing ing and dancing were carried out, as usual, in front of the Governor’s residence, and these also evoked enthusiasm, and attracted a large crowd. Social events included a ball at Government House on July 14, a ball on board the Amiral Char ner, on July 20, and a reception on the Diomede, also on the 20th. The Diomede was open to local visitors on July 18 and 21, and this privilege was fully taken ad vantage of by Papeete children.

In response to a general disinclination to conclude the festivities at the appointed time of midnight on July 21, Mr. George Bambridge, the Mayor of Papeete, kindly allowed a prolongation till 6 a.m. on the 22nd, when the music finally ceased.

The natives then dispersed .to their various districts with empty pockets but happy, nevertheless, to economise on fish, breadfruit, and other things which can be had without the expenditure of cash.

The proprietors of dance halls, drinking booths, and lotteries commenced to count their gains—and losses —and dismantle their temporary buildings, while Papeete residents, after a visit to the market, retired to their homes to enjoy a well earned rest and recuperate.

Advertisements & other items, p. 46 (1 item)

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Papuan Fliers Continue Survey

p. 47

I^Light-Lieut. Stuart Campbell

and Mr. G. Howden, in the Short Scion seaplane, which was missing for several days in the Fly River district, Papua, resumed in August their work ot making an extensive aerial survey for Orovill© Dredging Ltd., of London.

The disabled machine was towed back to Daru Island by the Papuan Adminis tration’s launch Vailala, and was there fitted with a new engine. Spare parts were also taken on board.

The Royal Australian Air Force South ampton flying boat, under the command of Squadron-Leader Hempel, which went to Campbell’s assistance, was moored at Daru for almost a month, pending the arrival of replacements for a worn en gine. Sent to Thursday Island aboard the Mercur, a new engine was tran shipped there to the launch Goodwill, due to arrive at Daru at the end of August.

The R.A.A.F. boat will later fly to Port Moresby to survey possible landing grounds for an air-mail service between Australia and New Guinea.

Dr. E. T. Brennan, director of public health in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea, arrived in Sydney on August 23 by the Nellore to attend the international conference on Pacific health and medicine held in Sydney on September 3.

Low Returns For Cook Is.

p. 47

Tomatoes

From Our Own Correspondent.

RAROTONGA, August 11.

T'OMATOES this year have not so far -I- been quite the success hoped for and growers who planted heavily to recoup themselves for losses over orange and banana crops due to the hurricane are highly disappointed at receiving only 1/6 a case “in the shed.” On the previous steamer 2/- was paid, and on the boat before that 3/-.

Dissatisfaction has often been expressed at the wide difference which frequently occurs between the price offered “in the shed” by local fruit buyers and the amounts realised on fruit consigped direct to New Zealand. For instance, when the beach price for tomatoes was 3/-, several growers who consigned their produce got back, after deducting freight and other charges, a net profit of 10/- per case. As has been pointed out, a profit of 200 per cent, for middlemen is excessive. Primary producers seem to “get it in the neck” both ways.

Mr. R. H. Brown, manager of Messrs.

Burns Philp (S.S.) Co. Ltd., Apia, Western Samoa, paid a visit to the company's branch in the Tokelau Islands in August on board H.M.N.Z.S. Leith.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 47-48 (1 item)

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The Murder Of

pp. 48-49

Weaver

A Tale of Papua

By Henry Dexter

THIRTY years ago murder was very much more common than it is to-day in Papua. Then, it was the ambition of every ablebodied native to wear the white feather —the sign that he had killed his man. One could write quite a long list of lonely whites who were found mur dered, or simply disappeared.

But, to-day, each Division has its Resi dent Magistrate, with his Assistant, and his native armed constables.

Of the many murders of whites, I think the one that interested me most was that of Weaver. He lived out on the bank of the Daloki River, and made a living by growing pines, and other fruits and vege tables; and, particularly, by shooting wallabies. As Port Moresby had no cold-storage in those days, the meat found ready sale.

One day, news arrived in Port Moresby that Weaver had been taken by a croco dile. The office of sheriff has since been abolished, but then it was the duty of the sheriff —W. C. Bruce —to investigate such matters.

Sending for his horse, he proceeded— accompanied by his armed police—out to the Laloki. There he was shown some clothes that were recognized as Weaver’s.

These, the local natives said, had been found on the bank of the river; also a pair of boots. There were tracks of booted feet leading down to the river, but none of the wearer having returned.

Every native present was closely ques tioned, and the enquiry closed. Bruce was quite convinced that the man had been taken by a crocodile, whose tracks could be plainly seen along the muddy banks of the river.

Bruce returned to Port Moresby, and made his report.

Some time later, Mrs. Bruce was in a delicate state of health. She spoke to her husband of a nightmare, in which she saw Weaver being clubbed by the natives. This dream recurred night after night, until Bruce —more to satisfy his wife than with any thought of anything being discovered —sent out his shooting boy—Wasagi—with orders to visit the villages round about where Weaver was supposed to have been taken, and to keep his ears open for anything that might be said about the occurrence.

Wasagi carried out his instructions.

After a week’s patrol of the villages, he was one evening under one of the houses, apparently asleep. Close to him came two natives. They held a whispered conver sation, then moved away.

Wasagi stretched, rose, and prepared to leave. When asked if he would not stay the night he said, “No, my talbudda he talk he want me morning time when cockarock sing out” (cock crow).

On his return to Port Moresby, he im mediately told Bruce of the conversation that he had overheard. Bruce reported this to the authorities, and then left with his police for Weaver’s place.

News of his arrival soon ran from vil lage to village, and there was a crowd of natives present. Although Bruce was certain now that Weaver had been mur dered, no trace could be found of the body. If it had been consigned to the river, the chances of recovery were prac tically non-existent —crocodiles would leave no trace.

Among the crowd was a little lad, who approached Bruce and said; “Talbudda, suppose you give me that tomahawk, I show you where Weaver stop.”

Bruce promised him the tomahawk, and the lad led him to a clump of banana trees. Here, under a few inches of soil, they found the body of Weaver. He had been clubbed to death.

Later, certain natives who had been involved in the murder, but who had not actually struck any of the blows that killed Weaver, turned King’s evidence.

One of the reasons for the murder was the fact that Weaver was known by the natives to possess a considerable sum of money in silver.

The actual murderer became a fugitive.

In some colonies —other than British —it is the custom to send out a punitive ex pedition to avenge the murder of a white man. This often leads to the killing of men who were probably miles away when the murder concerned was committed. In Papua, however long it may take, the actual murderer, or murderers, is arrested.

Month after month, the search went on for the wanted man. It transpired, later, that he was given information of the future movements of the patrol by a vil lage policeman. With this assistance, he ■evaded the patrol for a long time.

Why did he not clear out into another district? A “foreign” native in those days would have been quickly speared—in some districts he would have figured in the menu.

At length, he could stand the strain no longer, and came in to Port Moresby, and surrendered. He was tried, pleaded “Guilty,” and was sentenced “to be hanged by the neck in full view of the populace, his body to remain hanging for one hour.”

The execution took place on the flat at Konedobu, about a mile out from Port Moresby.

When Bruce arrived at the place of execution, he found that some well meaning people had screened off the scaf fold with canvas. This, of course, was contrary to the terms of the sentence, and he had the screens removed. A large gathering of natives was present, also Rev. Mr. Lawrence, of the London Mis sionary Society.

Five minutes before the time fixed for the execution Mr. Lawrence asked the condemned man: “In five minutes you will be in the presence of your Maker.

Is there any message of love you desire to leave behind?”

“Yes,” replied the murderer, “I wish the other who were in it with me Avere here also!”

“That is not a message of love, but a message of hate,” replied the missionary. ■“ls there nothing else you Avish to say?”

“Yes. Although it was my son who gave the information, which led to the finding of Weaver’s body, I should like to knoAv that he will be brought up by the Mission.”

“That shall be done,” was the assurance given by the missionary, and the promise AA'as kept.

Advertisements & other items, p. 48 (1 item)

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N.Z. Warships At Apia

p. 49

From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, August 14.

August 4 the H.M.N.Z. sloop Leith arrived at Apia, and was followed on the sth by H.M.N.Z.S. Diomede. Officers and men of the warships, many of them on their first visit to the hospitable shores of Samoa, took the opportunity of a few days’ stay here to get acquainted with the country and its inhabitants.

The Diomede left on August 9 for Suva (Fiji) and Auckland, while the Leith de parted on August 10 for the Tokelau Islands, taking the Native Secretary (Mr.

McKay) and an official party for a tour of inspection. The Leith will return to Apia in about 10 days. The Tokelau Is lands are under the administrative care of the Apia Administration.

New Guinea War

p. 49

Memorial

From Our Own Correspondent.

RABAUL, August 3.

METHODS of raising funds for the erection of the War Memorial Clock Tower were discussed at the annual meeting of the R.S. and S.I.L.A. in Rabaul, when it was pointed out that the balance required was some £4OO.

Already, over £ 300 has been raised and it was resolved that efforts be made to bring the sum to £5OO and then request the Administration to grant a subsidy.

A photograph of the proposed memorial appeared in the January issue of the Pacific Islands Monthly.

Rev. George T. Warren, of the Melane sian Mission School at Maravovo, Guad alcanal, left Sydney for further work in the Solomons by the Malaita on August 26, after a lengthy furlough in England.

He has been a member of the mission since 1913.

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Chimbu Valley

p. 51

N.G. Patrols are Gradually Bringing Inland People Under Control

From Our Own Correspondent.

WAU, August 11.

A great deal of patrol work has been carried out in recent months in the Chimbu Valley, where two missionaries were murdered last December, and also across the Bismarck Ranges and into the Ramu watershed where the natives are more or less in contact with the Chimbu people.

The Chimbu Valley is still over-run by fierce fighting tribes constantly at war with one another. Inter-tribal fights occur at times within easy reach of the Chimbu-Waghi Police Post, but as patrols push forward with steady persistence from the base camps and posts, the natives are gradually coming under control.

Some of the primitive people give willing assistance to the maintenance of station gardens and transport. There appears to be little or no animosity shown to the missionaries established in the district, and the natives are rapidly acquiring “pidgin” English.

Communications still depend on aero plane transport, but a safe land route.is being established from the Benna Benna post, which has been re-opened. Work is now in progress to make a safe route between the Chimbu and Ramu posts, via Finintegu and Benna Benna. The Ramu post is on the route to Madang,

of Wanderings in Papua

p. 51

New Travel Book

American Movieman Writes of Wanderings in Papua

[yiß. GEORGE C. DROMGOLD, one of the leaders of the Shackleford- Dromgold expedition which visited Papua last year, writes interestingly to the editor from California under date July 26. ‘‘l am in complete sympathy with James Norman Hall’s article in a recent issue of the Pacific Islands Monthly in which he suggests the preservation of recently discovered stone age tribes in Central New Guinea,” he writes. “An excellent idea this, but I sadly fear the fulfilment of Hall’s ideals will never come to pass.

The three ‘M’s’ will eventually soften up these interesting, primitive people as they have in other remote parts of the big island, “Within the next few weeks I will have finished writing a book-length narrative of the Shackelford and Dromgold moving picture expedition in Papua. The book will be illustrated with approximately one hundred selected photographs made dur ing our wanderings in Papua. Travel books as a rule are deadly, heavy reading, for it seems that nearly everyone has written one. With this in mind, I have endeavoured to keep my narrative light and humorous in the manner of ‘Life and Laughter Midst the Cannibals,’ by Major C. W. Collinson.

“Speaking of Collinson reminds me that only recently I read in the pages of your magazine that his close friend, E. H.

Pybus, passed away in the Solomons. At the time I read this notice I could not

help but wonder if his favourite dish, ‘The Governor’s Joy,’ had something to do with his sudden demise. He was in variably ill after partaking of this original dish, yet he continued to eat it despite the unpleasant consequences.

“I thoroughly enjoyed Samuel Russell’s book on Tahiti and French Oceania. It is very compact and yet answers all questions regarding the Society group in the most reliable manner. Russell is an old-timer in eastern Polynesia and is one of the few white men who speak the Tahitian language perfectly.

“I have just received a very cordial letter from W. T. Wells, Secretary of the Australian Museum, granting me permis sion to use certain material from an article on Motuan Tattooing by R. V. Old ham, of Port Moresby. This interesting article recently appeared in the Museum Magazine.”

Port Moresby

p. 51

Three Warships to Visit Port Moresby

From Our Own Correspondent.

Port Moresby, August 21.

XJ.M.A.S. CANBERRA, the flagship of the Australian Naval Squadron, will visit Port Moresby on September 15, leaving on the 20th for Rabaul, New Guinea. On her return trip to Australia, she will call in at Samarai, remaining there from October 2 to October 5.

The destroyer Stuart also arrives on September 19, leaving again for Australia on September 21, the same day that the French sloop Amiral Charner puts in at Port Moresby on a cruise through the Pacific. The Amiral Charner will leave Port Moresby on September 23.

Advertisements & other items, p. 51 (1 item)

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Goldfields

p. 52

Fresh Meat For Morobe

From Our Own Correspondent.

WAU, August 14- \ N application has been lodged with the New Guinea Administration for an extensive pastoral lease of approxi mately 3,000 hectares (nearly 7,500 acres) near Baiune Creek, Morobe district.

Keen interest is being taken in this enterprise w’hich, it is hoped, will provide the goldfields nearby with continual sup plies of fresh food in the near future.

Late Mr. H. S. Griffin

p. 52

Letter to the Editor T notice in the July number, under the heading of “Samoa’s Troubles,” a letter from a London correspondent in praise of Mr. H. S. Griffin.

Harry Griffin was a pal of mine and one for whom I have always had the highest respect. On account of his know ledge of the Samoan language, he was appointed secretary of Native Affairs, under General Sir George Richardson.

This position is a most important one-

The official is in close contact with the natives, and is the go-between them and the Administrator. It appeared to me that Griffin was inclined to give way too much to the Administrator on matters which were likely to cause unrest. As a master-printer, employed by the London Missionary Society, he lived most of his time while in Samoa at the L.M.S. Col lege, Malua, where one meets natives on their best behaviour. Although both Mr. and Mrs. Griffin had mastered the Samoan language, they would not be acquainted with the Samoans and their intrigues, or know their real character to the same extent as the traders.

Griffin was secretary of Native Affairs when the trouble in Samoa started, and was the Administrator’s adviser. It therefore was Mr. Griffin’s duty to oppose strongly any administrative legis lation that was likely to cause unrest.

Griffin was a man of big stature and of fine personality, but he was not strong enough to oppose Richardson- The natives right up to-day, blame Griffin, for a lot of the trouble, because he per mitted the official mind to over-rule his judgment. He informed me once that on several occasions he did protest, but all his protests were over-ruled.

Griffin was a kindly-disposed gentle man, with a pleasing personality, and liberal-minded, despite his missionary environment. I could never understand his persecution of the high chief, Tama sese, who some years later perished, with a number of other Samoans, in the tragedy of December 29, 1929.

I am, etc.,

G.E.L.W.

Apia, Samoa, 20/8/35.

American Lumber Strike

p. 52

Affects Tahiti

From Our Own Correspondent.

PAPEETE, August 4.

OWING to the recent strike of lumber workers on the Pacific Coast and the consequent closing down of the lumber yards, the Union Company’s freighter Hauraki arrived on July 16 without her usual cargo of lumber.

Several new buildings now in course of construction in Papeete, notably those belonging to Mr. Charles Browne on the S.C.O. block, are held up on account of the severe shortage of lumber in the town. It is expected that the situation will be relieved on August 26, when the freighter Sheafholm is scheduled to arrive.

Rev. J. W. Burton, M.A., general sec retary of the Methodist Missionary Society of Australasia, arrived back in Sydney in the middle of August from a visit to Western Samoa and Fiji.

Advertisements & other items, p. 52 (1 item)

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p. 53

A Pioneer Of

Death of Mr. John MacDonald

From Our Own Correspondent.

Port Moresby, August 19.

THE death occurred in the European A Hospital on August 10 of Mr. John MacDonald, retired public servant, and one of the oldest and most respected resi dents in Papua.

The late John MacDonald was born in Aberdeen Shire, Scotland, in 1862. He was educated at Madras College, St. Andrew’s, and served his apprenticeship as a ship wright with George Bruce and Co. in Glasgow.

In 1883, he arrived in Australia and settled in Brisbane as a builder and con tractor, joining up with the Queensland Marine Defence Naval Brigade, through which eventually in 1893 he became at tached as Warrant Officer-Instructor, under Sir William MacGregor, for the Nordenfeldt gun, on the government ves sel Merrie England, employed for patrol work in what was then known as British New Guinea.

After several years’ service on the Merrie England, Mr. MacDonald was ap pointed in 1897 as Head Gaoler and Over seer to the Possession and was made a Justice of the Peace. Later, as Superin tendent, he entered the Department of Public Works and in 1923 after 30 years’ service, retired from the public service on superannuation. Since his retirement, Mr- MacDonald lived in Port Moresby,

except for short periods in Australia.

John MacDonald was twice married; his first marriage took place in Brisbane in 1885 to Miss M. McLeod, of Edinburgh, and there were six children, all of whom predeceased their parents. The second marriage to Mrs. E. Todd, took place in Brisbane in 1933, eight years after the death of his first wife.

The funeral on August 11 at Konidobu cemetery was attended by a large gather ing of residents, including His Excellency Sir Hubert Murray (the Lieut.-Governor), chiefs of all Government departments and members of the Masonic Lodge. Rev. D.

E. Ure, of the Ela Protestant Church read the burial service.

Mr. Ure remarked in a short closing speech that it was fitting, perhaps, that the deceased should be laid to rest in the country in which he had served so many years of his life- John MacDonald was one of Papua’s true pioneers; he had done much for his country and what he had done had been of immense value to both Europeans and natives alike.

N.G. Gold Co.’S Escape

p. 53

High Taxation

From Our Own Correspondent.

WAU, August 22. goldmining companies operating in A New Guinea are fortunate when one compares their advantages to other gold mining companies in South Africa. In the latter country, goldmining leases on government lands are granted subject to the Union Government participating in the profits—in one case, 54 per cent, of working profits being absorbed in this direction, and in income tax and excess profits tax.

In New Guinea, taxation is very low, and shareholders are to be congratulated on the advantages they consequently gain in this part of the world.

Advertisements & other items, p. 53 (1 item)

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Alligators On The Bhamu,

p. 54

Western Papua

THE Bhamu is one of the numerous rivers of Western Papua and has little to recommend it as a home for even the most primitive of mankind. It ap pears, however, to be a paradise for alligators.

The annual loss of life there, caused by the saurians, is remarkably high. One can only conclude that either the num ber of reptiles in the river is abnormal or that the Bhamu-ites are very fond of bathing. Local officials at Daru do not incline to this latter theory.

A magistrate who recently visited the Bhamu was horrified to hear of the num ber of natives reported missing. Half

the male population presented honour able wounds, either the result of argu ments over the fair sex, or encounters with alligators. Life must be one long thrill on the Bhamu. At one village a constable with his right arm missing did the honours. At the next, the headman had lost his left! Both had been mauled by alligators.

The latest victim was brought into Daru hospital recently for treatment. He had been caught in the river, but got away with the loss of half of the top joint of his middle left finger. He had the nerve to say that the alligator was a full-sized one, though it had a very small “bite”!

Now what was the croc, thinking of, to let the rest of his meal put one over him like that? Do you think he had been chewing Betel Nut? —G.H.V.

Native Education Plan

p. 54

for N. Guinea What Has Become of It?

Letter to the Editor WHAT has become of the native education plan which Brig.-General T. Griffiths drew up, during the latter period of his term as Administrator of New Guinea?

This very wise and far-seeing man— who, in the opinion of this writer, was driven out of Rabaul by Canberra’s petty and stupid interference with his work — realised that the future of New Guinea will be affected in a major degree by the way in which the natives are educated and trained. His sense of order was of fended by the present haphazard system, under which the education of the native children in controlled areas seems to be the official responsibility of no one.

I know that General Griffiths gave a great deal of tireless study to this prob lem, and that he devoted long periods to consultations with officials and with the heads of the mission organisations.

As a result of all this, he evolved what seemed to be a quite practicable scheme, under which native education should be the joint responsibility of the Admini stration and of the mission bodies, acting in co-operation.

There were many minor difficulties to be smoothed out; but I am convinced that the principle of the plan was sound, and that it could have been economically and efficiently operated. The missionaries would have received fair official recog nition; their educational activities would have been under official supervision; and the vitally important work of giving some kind of education to natives, and thus equipping them for their contact with European civilisation, would have gone on in an orderly manner.

I do not think I am exaggerating when I say that officialdom drove General Griffiths out of the Territory, just at a time when his clear vision, tireless in dustry and hatred of red tape were vitally necessary to the Territory’s future. This education matter is a case in point.

I am, etc-,

S.D.

Sydney, September 3, 1935.

Solomon Is.

p. 54

Map Of Vella Lavella,

Letter to the Editor.

IN a recent issue, there was published a paragraph appreciating the work of an official in mapping the island of Vella Lavella, S I. The writer hinted that it would be a good idea if this information were made available to the public.

I recently saw the latest chart of Vella Lavella, which embodies the results of the survey referred to, with, in addition, reefs indicated, and which will undoubtedly be of great value to navigators in that region. Evidently the authorities, always on the alert to have their charts up-to date, have anticipated your correspon dent’s hint.

I am, etc.,

Navis.

Tulagi, S.L August 8, 1935.

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p. 55

Swedish Sailor's Adventures in Torres Strait

THE spirit of ancient Pacific voyagers lives on. Though Karl Hjelmstrom, a Swedish cadet on the barque C. B. Peder sen, did not conquer the mighty Pacific nor discover alien lands, he certainly achieved a measure of fame for his ex ploits in Torres Strait in July.

Hearing stories of wealth made by pearlers in northern waters, Hjelmstrom dreamed of making an easy fortune. The sight of an old wooden bathtub belonging to the ship’s captain gave him an idea.

He fitted an outrigger of spare pieces of wood, lashed it to the top edge of the bath and made a small mast and sail.

At night when the ship was anchored in Torres Strait, he slipped overboard and set sail for Darnley Island about five miles away. The old bath leaked badly and half filled with water, but Hjelmstrom managed to keep it afloat, and reached Darnley after six hours.

A native councillor at Darnley assisted him, and sent him in a sailing dinghy manned by natives to Yorke Island, whence the native cutter Kismet conveyed him to Thursday Island. The T.I. authorities pounced upon him and he was submitted to a dictation test in French. The unfor tunate cadet, of course, failed to pass the test and was charged with being a pro hibited immigrant. Subsequently he was sentenced to six months’ imprisonment.

The Swedish Consul raised an outcry and the Sydney press championed his case. As a result it was decided that he should not undergo imprisonment, but instead would be deported. Early in September he was jauntily seeing the sights of Sydney and Brisbane pending his return to Sweden.

Racial Prejudices

p. 55

Letter to the Editor.

JLIR. J- H. CURLE, in his interview with “P.1.M.” (May issue) seems to me to be very inconsistent. He speaks of “pin headed newspaper proprietors circulating sensational articles playing on national or racial prejudices.’’ Yet is he not a strong protagonist of racial prejudice?

All his books are full of it.

In the interview mentioned, he also says: “Imagine the Brazilian population in a few hundred years hence”—inferring that it will be something horrible. Why should it be? One can just as easily imagine it to be as good a population as any other in that time.

That halfcastes have the worst qualities of their parents in a fallacy, or a half truth; they have the best qualities of both, also. The attitude of the pure breeds to the halfcaste is the cause of the latter’s inferiority .complex.

Obviously, the only remedy for inter national strife is to do away with nation ahties. With only one race in the world, the human, there will be no racial pre judice. Therefore, mix them all together by marriage. Simultaneously form the United States of Europe-Asia, North and South America, and Africa. Later mix up these three. Then, in a few hundred jears mankind will be citizens or coun trymen of the world. discussion’ ** 18 &n subject for I am, etc.,

“Nordic."

New Guinea, 25/7/’35.

Being Repaired at Last

p. 55

Salamaua 'Drome

From Our Own Correspondent.

WAU, August 19.

THE Salamaua aerodrome, one of the most important landing grounds in the Mandated Territory, which has re cently caused a great deal of concern to pilots operating heavy machines between the coast and the goldfields, is now under repair, and the work is proceeding satis factorily.

Hitherto the aerodrome has been in an appalling condition during heavy weather.

At times the aeroplanes have had to take off and land in a miniature lake. The big companies operating on the Morobe gold fields and the Administration use it frequently, and it certainly is not an un timely move to effect the much needed repairs.

Dr. J. Loftus Hills, a Victorian geolo gist, left Sydney for Fiji by the Mariposa on August 21. Commissioned by Nasivi (Fiji) Gold Syndicate N.L. to report upon the Raki Raki area, 30 miles from Tavua, he made a comprehensive sampling and inspection of the property. On Septem ber 10, having check sampled the ma terial, he radio’d his report to the

directors, recommending them to abandon the area as the rocks and so-called lodes exposed were of the wrong type to con stitute a goldfield.

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p. 56

Promising Future

For Kupei Goldfield, Bougainville

From Our Own Correspondent.

WAU, August 16. \ PART from the consistent activity of mining on the Morobe goldfields, several prospecting areas have been ap plied for in the Bainings district, New Britain, outside the boundaries of the Talele goldfield.

Much interest is being shown in the Kupei goldfield, Kieta district, Bougain ville, where a quantity of mining machi nery has already been landed and it is anticipated that the gold yield will increase on a large scale.

The discovery of gold was reported in Bougainville in the Northern Solomons, in 1930, at Kompuma Creek, near Kupei village, at a height of 3,500 ft. Prospect ing parties within the last few years have been active in other parts of Bougain ville, and the mining industry there offers a promising future.

In the Sepik district, near Wewak. on the northern coast of the New Guinea mainland, gold continues to be won, though not in considerable quantities.

Fiji

pp. 56-57

The Franchise In

That Town Hall Meeting

Letter to the Editor.

MAY I trespass upon the space in your Monthly to refer to the article by your own correspondent at page 53 of the issue of July, 1935? In the minds of those who read and who are not aware of the true political situation in the Colony, a wrong impression may arise as to the present state of affairs.

In referring to the debate last May, he does not bring out with sufficient emphasis this most important fact; that while the two Indian Members, Hon. K.

B. Singh and Hon. M. M. Mudaliar, op posed control of the municipalities by the Government in the March session, 1934 (because the Indians wished to be allowed to exercise their own discretion in the choice of their own counsellors “to plead our cause, defend our rights and protect our interests”) in the May ses sion. 1935, fourteen months later, Hon.

K. B. Singh is quite satisfied to move a motion, the outcome of which will be the disenfranchisement of not only Indians but also of Europeans. Neither of the Indian members has given any reasons for this particularly violent change of views, or why they sprang the motion on an astonished Colony without warning.

Nor have Sir Henry Scott and Sir May nard Hedstrom, who seconded the motion, attempted to explain away those three questions, which were put to them at the public meeting referred to by your cor respondent; 1. Why they agreed to the disenfran chisement of the Europeans of the Colony without first obtaining the approval and consent of their electors at least. 2. Their grounds for saying that the “Labour Party,” when it came into power, would force a common roll on the Colony against the best interests of the Fijians —who are a primitive race, in official eyes, and thus a sacred trust. 3. What safeguards there were that, if the nominated form of Legislative Council were accepted to-day, a common roll would not follow to-morrow.

The motion was agreed to by five to three, the minority being Hon. Alport Barker, M.L.C., Hon. J. P. Bayly, M.L.C., and Major the Hon. Willoughby Totten ham M L.C. The Government Members were ordered by the President not to vote- the Fijian Nominated Members did not Vote, though every encouragement was given them to do so by the President.

The reference to those who called the meeting and who addressed it was im proper. The meeting was called by Hon.

Alport Barker, M.L.C. (Mayor of Suva), the motion was moved by Mr. D. M. Is.

McFarlane (an Australian solicitor Prac tising in Suva), and it was seconded by Major the Hon. Willoughby Tottenham.

M.L.C.

Your correspondent’s reference to the presence and arguments of Sir Maynard Hedstrom and Sir Henry Scott showed partiality and inaccuracy. On their en tering the meeting they were receivedl m silence; their opponents on the other hand received a very hearty greeting.

That their argument carried little weight is shown by the vote of 65 to 35, and a number of colonists have openly stated SSt a secret ballot would have very greatly increased the majority. Sir May

nard Hedstrom and Sir Henry Scott have been invited to call a meeting of their own to explain and defend their action.

So far they have not. Why?

Since the meeting, a petition against the change has been drawn up and signed by over 600 Europeans, mostly of the Southern Division of the Colony—i.e. f Suva.

The Indians have held meetings throughout the Colony, at which they have protested against the change in the present elective system and also disso ciate themselves from the views and actions of the two Indian Elected Mem bers. A petition to this effect has been signed by over 4,800 Indians. Further, I am informed that they—the two Indian members —have not called or addressed a public meeting on the issue.

I am, etc.,

W. Willoughby Tottenham.

Suva, August 28, 1935. [EDITORIAL NOTE: The Fiji franchise position was further discussed in the August issue (pages 9 and 41), and no further comment appears to be necessary. The British Colonial Office has decided to make a full inquiry, and consult Fiji residents, before agreeing to any alteration in the franchise.

The references to our correspondent’s report of the meeting do not seem to us to be justified. He appears to have reported the Town Hall meeting quite fairly. His reference to a “somewhat motley assemblage” seems to have given offence where none was intended. Obviously, he meant a “mixed” assemblage.] Mr. J. P. Blaikie Webster, of London, who is chairman of New Guinea Gold fields Ltd. and managing director of the powerful Mining Trust Ltd., returned to Sydney with his wife by the Comorin from England on September 5. On a visit to N.G.G. properties in the Mandated Territory, he will leave Sydney by the Macdhui in October.

Vegetable On The Side

pp. 57-58

A NATIVE had disappeared in the Am brym hills and none had seen him go.

“Clearly a case of ‘walk about’ ” said the hillmen of his district.

But in the minds of some of the more enlightened and law-abiding salt-water men there grew a shrewd suspicion that things were not as they seemed. Bearing in mind the widespread amours and general rambuctiousness of the missing one, these suspicions appeared to have some foundation. The gentleman’s ac tivities had had no endearing effect on the local husbands and near-husbands.

Moreover, he had been a big hefty brute, most difficult to handle. All things con sidered, the general opinion inclined to the advisability of letting sleeping dogs lie.

But certain enlightened ones, led by a really courageous native teacher, quietly commenced to pry about, asking guarded questions of young boys and girls who, it was possible, had overheard stray re marks.

After some months of careful investi gation, the teacher and his gang collected a mass of evidence pointing to murder; and, eventually, a man was found who declared that he knew where the remains had been buried, in a lonely and unfre quented part of the bush.

Now things really began to move. All that was necessary, of course, was to pro duce the body. So off marched a disin terment party armed with sundry yam spades and like implements and, led by the informer, the grave was found. The searchers were surprised to see that the ground had been recently disturbed.

Nevertheless, they proceeded with their job, digging furiously- Soon it began to dawn that although they had dug an enormous hole they had unearthed no evidence. Obviously, the criminals, becoming alarmed by the in quiries, had removed the remains. Al most, it was decided to give up the busi ness and go home, when someone noticed a small bone among the excavated soil and a frantic search disclosed quite a number of small bones, much discoloured, but in fair condition, and certainly human. Two old salmon tins full were

recovered and the party marched trium phantly back to the coast. One tin was handed to the padre, with a request to place the matter before the government- The other tin was presented to me, with a like request. I hastily disclaimed all desire to have any dealings with that grisly-looking tin, and suggested that, as the padre had the other tin, it was but right that he should have the lot; since without doubt, two things are better than one—unless it be twins, or such-like cala mities. So far as I was concerned, the whole matter seemed to be closed.

Some days later, when all pretext that the missing man had simply “gone walk about” had been dropped, an old bush man came to see me, and asked if I had heard all that had occurred and that the murderers were known. I assured him that I knew all about it and, more over, had viewed some of the spare parts.

Then ensued a long pause. Presently, my visitor resumed: “Masta, all ’e Kai- Kai ’im.” Another pause. Then, with indescribable gusto: “Wid ’em ta-a-a-ro!”

Marooned.

EDITORIAL NOTE.—We have so many readers now in countries where Pidgin is not known that, perhaps, we should explain that what the old bushman said was; “Master, they killed and ate him (pause) and they cooked and ate taro (the staple Islands vegetable) with him, as part of the meal.”

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Astrolabe Copper

p. 58

Field

Guinea Gold Applies for Six Gold Leases

From Our Own Correspondent.

PT. MORESBY, August 18.

THE Astrolabe copper field continues to hold the attention of prospectors and miners, and several leases have been applied for within recent weeks. Mr.

Nason Jones, of Guinea Gold N.L., ap plied on August 6 for six mining leases, one of these jointly with Mr. A. Christie, whose “Moresby King” claim is at present under option to Mandated Gold Options N.L., of Sydney.

The Astrolabe field, embracing an area of 1,000 square miles, was first opened up in 1906. One reads in the Annual Report for 1906/07 that “The most notable event in the history of mining development this year has been the discovery of a payable copper field in the country at the back of Port Moresby.” Some of the assays of these mines showed traces of gold and silver; some, 3 dwt. 22 grs. of gold and 1 oz. 8 dwt. of silver to the ton.

There were then two reward claims, the “Hector” and the “Astrolabe,” which have both been taken up recently by Port Moresby residents, and it is reported that sample assays show fairly good prospects of gold, Mr. Ivan Champion, Assistant Resident Magistrate at Misima Island, Papua, ar rived in Brisbane by the Montoro on August 10, accompanied by his wife and daughter, to spend several months’ fur lough in Queensland.

How “Handsome

p. 59

Harry” Died

THE dramatic circumstances surround ing the death in Port Moresby of “Handsome Harry” ( P.1.M. , July) make It worthy of being told correctly.

Harry Baker was a German-Swiss, who came to Papua as a passenger on the S.S. Van Linschoten from Darwin. He promptly got a job driving the “Pig and Whistle,” a steam launch owned by Charlie Baldwin. He was a “hard” citi zen but, with his “hard” points, there was much that was good.

Came Christmas Eve, 1914, and a few of us were playing poker in the parlour of Tom McCrann’s hotel. Among them was Ange Frese, a Dane, who was plant ing up a rubber property named Jawa rere. The game went on, and Frese and Baker clashed, with two good hands. The betting proceeded until Frese had no money left.

“I haf no more money left,” said Frese to Baker. “But if I had I would still be betting.”

Baker replied: “Veil, I vill bet £l5 against dat natif woman of yours.”

“Right, it’s a bet!” answered Frese.

They showed hands, and Baker won.

Shortly after that, the game was broken up. I remained for a while, talking to Tommy Powles and Alec Stork. As we were talking, “Handsome” passed and remarked that he was “going to get his Christmas box.”

It was then about 1 a.m. Baker went straight up to the house occupied by Frese. Frese was standing at the top of the steps.

“Veil, Ange,” Baker said, “I’ve come for my voman.”

“You can’t do that,” said Frese. “It vas only a joke.”

They argued. Then they fought. And the end of that phase was that Frese was beaten, and was thrown out of his own house, while Handsome Harry col lected his bet.

In the morning Frese was carrying a gun, and was walking about vowing vengeance.

About 9.30 Frese was in the bar drink ing, when “Handsome” walked in, and saw Frese. Rubbing his hands together, his face wreathed in smiles, he said: “Veil, my poy, it was a lofely Christ mas box.”

Frese snarled at him: “You German Baker advanced in a threatening man ner, “Vat you say—vat you say?” he demanded.

“This!” shouted Frese; and, pulling his gun, he shot “Handsome” through the heart.

Thus died Handsome Harry—a wild end to a wild life.

It was reported in the Pacific Islands Monthly that “Handsome” fought with “Yorkey” Booth, but that is quite in correct. The man whom Charlie Booth “fought under the lamps” was Hardy Gofton. Both men were in hard condi tion, non-smokers, and teetotallers, and both had had considerable experience in the fistic art.

Like all fights—or, rather, most fights— it started over a most trivial incident.

Booth was handicapped by the fact that he was wearing high boots, one of which burst at the side; whilst Hardy Gofton wore a pair of shoes. For over an hour the men fought, and Gofton took a mighty lot of punishment before he was finally knocked out.

Those were the days! The men they’ve got now are not the men they had.

Auna-Auna.

Growth of Louisiade Goldfields,

p. 59

Eastern Papua

From Our Own Correspondent.

Port Moresby, August 15.

VyDODLARK ISLAND, under the at tention of Mr. Leo Gibbons, of Gold Mines of Papua Ltd., is showing signs of re-assuming its old position as a mining centre in the Territory. It certainly looks as though the old Louisiade goldfields are coming back to their own- The European population both at Woodlark and Misima has increased, at Misima it numbers 100.

Mr. de Kantzow left Sydney by the Neptuna on September 11 for his mining interests on the Watut, New Guinea.

Advertisements & other items, p. 59 (1 item)

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Charted

p. 60

Fiji Reef Wrongly

From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, September 4.

IT has just been discovered that a re markable error has occurred in chart ing one of the most dangerous reefs in Fiji waters —the famous Horseshoe Reef.

The error may have been the cause of the Norwegian motor vessel Hoegh Trader going ashore there recently.

The position of the reef on maps is given some six cables (1,200 yards) to the north-west of its actual position.

Customs authorities state now that the reef’s position is latitude 17.39 south and longitude 179.174 east.

Worth £4,000,000

p. 60

Australia’s Valuation of Fiji Goldfield

From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, September 3.

FIJI has figured prominently in the Australian newspapers recently owing to the announcements of the Emperor Mine flotation and of the substantial in terest taken in Loloma by a London group. In both cases one of the leading mining men in Australia, Mr. W. S.

Robinson, is reported to be interested.

The romance of the Emperor Mine lies mainly in the courage shown by Mr Theodore and his associates, who spent £BO,OOO of their own money in proving its possibilities. No one in Fiji grudges them the rich reward they have reaped by their enterprise. Mr. Theodore and his associates made a most graceful ges ture in presenting to the Fiji Government a cheque for £5,000 which, it is under stood, will be applied towards increasing the medical facilities at the Colonial War Memorial Hospital, Suva.

Latest reports of the Emperor Mine are to the effect that its potentialities in crease almost with every fresh piece of development work. So far the existence of the rich lode formation has not been proved to any great depth, but the ex perts are confident that the lode for mation will live to depth. This is borne out by the situation of the Loloma mine,

which is some 200 feet below the Em peror workings.

The mine reports from Loloma continue to picture a deposit of extremely rich ore. Generally speaking, the Tavua field has become the focus of public attention.

The prices which Australian investors are willing to pay for Koroere, Loloma, Em peror and Aloha Central shares continue to increase, and the value set upon what was previously some 700 acres of barren goat country is now somewhere in the neighbourhood of £4,000,000. The mar ket seems rather to have discounted the period of time which must elapse before any of the mines reach full production, and opinion in Fiji is inclined to the view that a reaction in prices is bound to occur.

Work

p. 60

Aeroplanes For Mission

Progress In New Guinea

r PHE daily papers, especially the Sydney Sun, have recently featured the news that the Anglican Melanesian Mission in tended to undertake mission work in the- Mt. Hagen area of New Guinea by means of an aeroplane. It was asserted that thus the Melanesian Mission would be the first Protestant mission to use an aeroplane for such work.

Both the Lutheran and the Roman- Catholic Missions have penetrated the regions alluded to in the daily press and have established themselves among the tribes that were discovered about two years ago.

The Lutheran Mission during the last eighteen months, has founded numerous stations in that inland region, three of them staffed with six European mission aries, the others with native Christians- In order to overcome the communication and transport difficulties the Lutheran Mission, in February of this year, put its own aeroplane on the wing.

Named “Papua,” it is a Junkers six seater all-metal ’plane. Presented by the German supporters of the mission, the machine cost well over £6OOO Australian before it could rise from its base at Lae- It has already rendered invaluable service.

The Lutheran Mission will celebrate the golden jubilee of its work in New Guinea next year. Its staff of over 120 adult European members and its more than 40,000 Christian natives, look back on a period of remarkable achievement and development. “The most striking feature of the work in New Guinea is the great zeal the young Christians show to go and carry to the heathen tribes inland that which has brought freedom and peace into their own lives, the gospel of Jesus Christ,” says Rev. F. O. Theile, director of Lutheran Missions, in a letter to the editor.

Advertisements & other items, p. 60 (1 item)

Walter Horne& Co. Ltd.

MELBOURNE

HOTEL „

— SUVA -^=

Centrally situated near Government offices. Opposite sea baths and bowling green. Excellent table.

Terms moderate. Best brands of liquor kept, including Hardy’s famous wines.

E. C. DOBELL Proprietor

Suva’s Fashion - Rendezvous

WALTER HORNE& Co. Ltd.

PREMIER DRAPERS, LADIES’, CHILDREN’S

AND MEN’S WEAR SPECIALISTS

LADIES’ HAIRDRESSING AND MANICURING

Frocks Millinery Foundations and Lingerie Hosiery Ladies' Shoes & Sandals Ribbons and Laces Hairdressing Manicuring Dress Fabrics and Silks Household Drapery Clothing T ailoring Mercery Men’s Boots & Shoes Men’s Hats & Caps Island Curios

“IF IT’S NEW...

HORNE’S WILL SHOW IT”

Dependable Merchandise

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P.O. Box 117 Cables: “Janinloong”

Jang II lug Loong Company Limited

20-24 THOMSON ST., SUVA, FIJI

IMPORTERS - EXPORTERS

Buyers of Copra, Trocas Shell, Beche-de-mer, Kauri Gum, and other Island Products.

NUMEROUS BRANCHES THROUGHOUT THE COLONY

Fiji’S Trade

p. 61

Good Recovery for Half Year to June, 1933

THOUGH the trade figures for Fiji for the first six months of 1935 show an excess of imports over exports amount ing to £14,649, the total volume of trade, compared with the same period of 1934, has increased by £219,475. The 1933 trade boom, during which Fiji had a large excess of exports over imports, fell away in 1934 and the excess margin of imports was £36,074. This half-year shows a substantial recovery.

The position is shown by the following figures:

The principal feature of the exports is the growth of the goldmining industry.

The production has been more than doubled (1,805 oz. as against 709 in 1934) and the value has increased by £9,090.

Copra production dropped slightly, from 12,613 tons to 11,951 tons, but a rise in the market price augmented the value by £36,828.

1934 1935 Imports— £ £ Suva . 289,423 372,129 Levuka 8,863 10,264 Lautoka . 146,077 160,995 Total . £444,363 £543,388 Exports— Suva . 152,641 173.285 Levuka . 31,963 35,074 Lautoka . 223,6 85 320,380 Total .£408,289 £528,739 Excess of Imports ... . £36,074 £14,649 Total Trade £852,652 £1,072,127

Exports

In Detail

1934 1935 £ £ Sugar . 212,233 317,707 Copra 66,901 103,729 Bananas 33,738 31,786 Molasses 3.765 4,855 Gold Bullion 5,172 14,262 Trocas Shell 13,289 10,571 Other 73,191 45,829

Anglican Cathedral For Suva

p. 61

From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Sept. 3.

OWING to the munificence of Lord Nuf field, who recently visited Fiji, the project for building a new Anglican Cathedral in Suva has been brought within measurable distance. Plans have been drawn by Mr. G. W. Johnston.

A.N.Z.1.A., and a meeting to discuss them took place recently in Suva. , The plans at first sight appear to be very ambitious, said Mr. Johnston, but they provide a scheme which, when even tually completed, will give to the Diocese of Polynesia a truly splendid Cathedral church, of which successive portions can be erected as funds permit. He estimated that for £15,000 sufficient accommodation for present needs could be completed.

The question of a site is one that is at present under considerable discussion.

It is hoped that possibly some arrange ment may be made with the Fiji Govern ment to make available the site now occu pied by the Government buildings, as new Government buildings are shortly to be erected on a fresh site.

Mr. Cyril Hylton, a director of East Reefs (Fiji) Ltd., left Sydney for Suva by the Mariposa on August 21 to look over the company’s areas on Vanua Levu.

Hon. A. A. Wright, who was Acting - Governor of Fiji during the absence of Sir Murchison Fletcher earlier in the year, proceeded to England on leave orr August 25.

Mr. Charles R. Turbet, 8.V.5c.,.

M.R.C.V.S., accompanied by his wife and family, arrived in Sydney from Europe en route to Suva, Fiji, by the Strathaird on August 22. He is Senior Veterinary Officer in the Fiji Department of Agri culture, and while in England on leave attended a post-graduate course at the Royal Veterinary College, London.

Advertisements & other items, p. 61 (1 item)

Rewa Hotel -

PACIFIC TAXI

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(Vincent K. Brothers) Day and night service . . . Most modern hire service in Suva . . .

Excellent drivers.

Our special trips embrace Rewa Valley and Sugar Mill, River Scenery, Lami, Suva Point, and Native Kings’ Town of Bau.

Trips can be arranged on Intersular Road to Ellington, Tavua, Ba, Lautoka, and Sigatoka.

Cables: “Vincent,” Suva. 'Phone 33.

In Suva . . . Stay at

The Pi or Hotel

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The Rendezvous of the Miners

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Tariff n[ 6 per day

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Suva Bowling Carnival

From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, August 29.

ONE of Fiji’s most successful social activities is that of the Suva Bowling Club, which each year runs a carnival at Suva. The 11th annual carnival took place early in August. As usual, a num ber of overseas bowlers made the trip specially to Suva and all sorts of enter tainments were arranged in their honour.

The development of the Suva Bowling Club owes a great deal to a small band of enthusiasts, who are justly proud of the success which has attended their efforts. The carnival just concluded was the most successful in the club’s history.

New Zealand teams won the South Paci fic pennant and singles championship, while Australia took the Pacific pairs title.

Brown & Joske Ltd., Fiji

A PROFIT of £3451 was earned by Brown and Joske Ltd., merchants, of Suva, Fiji, for the year ended March 31, 1935, compared with £1636 in 1934, and £lB4O in 1933. Preference divi dends of 7 per cent, absorbed £1400; and 3 per cent, is proposed on ordinaries, absorbing £1843.

The improvement is due to the fact that losses on produce have been avoided while trading condi tions have become steadier.

Misima Is. Petitions for Direct

Mail Service

From Our Own Correspondent.

Port Moresby, August 24-

T>ESIDENTS of Misima Island in the Louisiade Archipelago, the mining centre at the eastern end of the Territory, seem definitely in favour of an amended itinerary for the mail contract steamers between Australia, Papua and New Guinea.

At a public meeting convened there recently by leading citizens, a petition was drawn up and signed by most of the residents, supported by six of the gold mining companies, including Gold Mines of Papua Ltd. The entreaty upheld the suggestion made by members of the Legislative Council in July that a direct service between Australia and Papua should be provided and that this purely Papuan service should call at Misima Island, in addition to the ports usually served.

The petition was forwarded to Port Moresby and was later sent on to Aus tralia to the Federal Minister in Charge of Islands Territories (Sir George Pearce).

Sir Maynard and Lady Hedstrom ar rived in Sydney by the Monterey on Sep tember 9, and left the same evening by express for Melbourne. Sir Maynard, who is the executive head of Messrs.

Morris, Hedstrom Ltd., of Fiji, is a mem ber of the Fiji Executive Council and an elected member of the Legislative Council.

He will remain in Australia on business for a month, returning to Suva by the Mariposa on October 16,

Successful Shipments To

Fiji Bananas

Successful Shipments To Canada

From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Sept. 2.

THE experimental shipments of bananas to the Canadian market have turned out a success. Dr. H. W. Jack, Director of Agriculture, in a recent interview said that over 1,000 bunches have gone for ward in each of the last three monthly shipments.

No trouble appears to have been ex perienced in the carriage of the fruit, which reached the Canadian market in good condition, thanks to the assistance given by the Union Steam Ship Co. Sat isfactory prices have resulted and all con cerned have co-operated to make the project successful. Canada appears now to realise that fruit packed in cases is good fruit and not rejects, as was their first impression.

The Department of Agriculture has been conducting propaganda amongst the Fijians, who are planting up more fruit.

Dr. Jack said that towards the end of the year the monthly shipments will be in the vicinity of 1,500 or 2,000 bunches.

Every credit is due to the Agricultural Director for his initiative and energy in practically starting and certainly develop ing this outlet.

Mr. C. Harley Nott, of Fiji, was mar ried at Suva on August 16 to Miss Marion McFarlane, of Auckland. The couple left shortly afterwards for England to spend their honeymoon.

Advertisements & other items, p. 62 (1 item)

Pacific

Collector of shells desires to make reciprocal arrangement with collectors of shells (marine, land and fresh water) in Pacific Islands, with view to exchanging specimens.

Write H. Bernhard. 92 Derby Street, Rockhampton, Queensland.

N The PREMIER Social Rendezvous of Fiji . . .

Grand Pacific Hotel - - Fiji

EXCELLENT CUISINE. EFFICIENT TRAINED INDIAN WAITERS AND SERVANTS.

MODERNLY EQUIPPED.

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SUVA, FI J

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TARIFF: from 17/6 per Day Accommodation Reserved by Wireless Cable address: "Grandpacif”

Suva

System

p. 63

Opposed To Nominee

Three Elected Members Would Test Public Feeling in Fiji

From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Sept. 3.

THE question of a change in the political constitution of Fiji continues to oc cupy public attention. The Honourables J. P. Bayly, Alport Barker, and Major W.

E. Tottenham have publicly stated that they are prepared to accept the challenge thrown out by a correspondent in the local newspaper to resign their seats in order to test public feeling. The other three European elected members have not however, followed suit.

The Indian Association of Fiji has en tered the lists and has published reports of meetings of protest against the pro posals to revert to a nominee system. Ap parently they have also communicated with India, and these communications may have a possible repercussion upon the Secretary of State for the Colonies.

No doubt the question will be fully dealt with by Sir Murchison Fletcher at the next meeting of the Legislative Coun cil. In the meantime, a local resident has pointed out that in the Colony’s Esti mates for 1935, £2OO had been allocated for a general election in Fiji this year.

He suggests that this money might be utilised to hold a referendum of the colonists.

That Indian “Bogey”!

p. 63

7VTR. F. L. FADDY, under date of Suva, August 16, writes somewhat violently on the subject of the franchise in Fiji, and our correspondent’s reference in August to “a motley assemblage.” Says Mr. Faddy, inter alia: “It is very palpable that your corres pondent is a civil servant —one who has no interest in the welfare of the Colony nor holds a franchise in Municipal or Legislative affairs —and, what is more palpable, he was not present at the meeting, for by no stretch of imagination could anyone with a mentality above a sycophant designate the meeting of re putable citizens a ‘motley assemblage.' “What your correspondent forgot to mention was that, included in the 35 votes approving the action of those elected members supporting the Nominative System, were at least six recorded by ladies who, like your correspondent, haven’t the franchise. On the other hand a great many more votes would have been added to the 65 supporting the Elective system (all electors) had it been a secret ballot instead of a show of hands for, sad to relate, we have amongst us a great many people who for various reasons in a small place like this cannot afford to disclose openly their political opinions.

I would add that your correspondent has, quite unwittingly, designated the so called ‘cry for common roll’ of the Indians by its correct name—viz., ‘a bogey’—for I can assure you that that is just what it is—a bogey specially manufactured for the occasion by supporters of the Nomi nation system.” (EDITORIAL NOTE—Mr. Faddy is in deed a very short-sighted man if he would dismiss the Indian demand for the common roll as a “bogey.” It is easily the biggest and most significant problem that the Crown Colony is faced with. The Fiji Europeans live so close to the danger

that they cannot appreciate it. They are like the peasants, whose farms and villages cluster about the slopes of Mt.

Vesuvius. Everyone can see the menace except they themselves.)

Fire In Suva Store

pp. 63-64

From Our Own Correspondent.

SUVA, Sept. 2.

AFIRE which broke out in the bulk rice store and mill of Messrs. A. Q.

McGowan and Co., Suva, destroyed clean ing mills and other machinery. Over 500 sacks of paddy rice and a quantity of beans were damaged by fire and water.

The interior of the building was severely damaged.

The outbreak is believed to have been caused by friction of a bean crushing machine igniting the inflammable dust.

The building, store, and plant were covered by insurance.

Mr. George Rolph, until recently man ager of Lancefield South Gold Options N.L., of Victoria, has been appointed by Viti Levu Gold N.L. to take charge of their interests in Fiji.

Captain Sir Maxwell Maxwell-Ander son, Chief Justice of Fiji, accompanied by Lady Maxwell-Anderson, sailed from Syd ney for England by the Strathaird on September 7. Although it was Lady Maxwell-Anderson’s first visit to Sydney, her husband was here 30 years ago as an officer in the Royal Navy on H.M.S, Sparrow. While Captain Sir Maxwell- Anderson is in Europe, the Hon. R. S.

Thacker will act as Chief Justice of Fiji.

Miss M. Harris, of Watnabara, New 'Guinea, left Sydney for Rabaul by the Nankin on August 14, after leave spent in Victoria. She has been working with the Methodist Mission for over 15 years.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 63-64 (1 item)

Morris, Hedstrom, Ltd

ISLAND SHIPPING

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For Fresh Fruit, Vegetables, and Produce Island residents can rely on the old-established Shipping Providers.

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SAMPLES AND PRICE LISTS ON APPLICATION.

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Vacuum Oil Company (Pty.) Limited

Imperial Chemical Industries Limited

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Full Stocks of

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Also SODIUM CYANIDE, ZINC

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VITAMATE

VITAMATE is a delicious bever-

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• Chemists and Doctors would be well advised to look up Yerba Mate in the British Medical Journal as VITAMATE is made from this product. Very favourable reference will be found therein.

If your Storekeeper does not stock it, send to the Australian Distributors

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Fashion Hints for Islands Women

pp. 64-65

By Therese

OF all delightfull summer materials (and their name is legion) linen takes pride of place, the uncrushable variety being the most popular and justifying itself all the way. For mornings in town, for afternoon wear, and again for even ing, it pops up with delightful persistency and in such lovely shades that it charms the hearts of us all.

A lovely shade of pink herringbone glace linen, with a soft gloss that is ex tremely attractive, makes a frock of in finite charm. Its square neck fastens at each shoulder with a large navy button and a wide navy belt of suede encircles its slim waist. A hat with wide pink brim and shallow crown of navy com pletes a picture of perfect colour har mony. Two-piece linen suits with either long or short sleeves flaunt gay little blouses, feminine or tailored as the whim

diqtates.

Simple dresses of cotton have an ap pealing way with them, and are ideal wear for a tropical Clime. Lovely colour ings and designs make them Spring-like in effect. White, an ever-present help in time of need, is coolness personified, and takes on a Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde exist ence by the addition and many changes of brightly coloured scarves, belts, buttons, and bows.

Jackets, be they of linen, cotton, or silk, give yeoman service. They come in varied lengths—bolero, hip length, three quarter, or full, and cover a variety of frocks. Sun back dresses with bracer straps don little coats, and are ready for more formal oc

casions. A taffeta coat covers an after noon frock of printed silk, and linen and pique jackets give dual service for day or evening, their crisp charm ensuring them instantaneous success.

Printed' silks —of washing propensities— go softly draped for afternoon wear.

Graceful spiral draperies may adorn them, or they go self-trimmed with pleats or much shirring, their own glorious col ourings being sufficient unto them. It is amazing what frills and draperies can do with simple frocks. There is magic in them that entirely changes their charac ter. Spectator sports frocks come in varieties infinite, and whether with work manlike shirt collars, Peter Pan, Quaker or the so becoming square neck, there is nothing to equal them for almost every occasion. Always they possess the happy knack of being fashion-right—a know ledge that adds charm and assurance to one’s manner and wit to one’s conver sation.

Skirts are distinctly shorter, which gives them surprising dash and a definite air dlf chic.

There are blouses for every mood and for every hour the clock round. Delight fully feminine affairs with variations of sleeve and neckline and of charm indes cribable; small wonder the blouse and skirt vogue enjoys such popularity.

Sleeves are varied as a woman’s whims.

Afternoon gowns with voluminous sleeves have elastic at the wrist" to make the sleeves whatever length you will, while plain or little pleated sleeves, and sleeves with little bits and pieces sticking out at odd angles belong to less formal occa sions. An afternoon gown of flat crepe has large kimono sleeves and wide swathed belt which gives an enviable slim effect.

Evening clothes, scintillating and thrill ing, are packed with exciting charm. Se quins and rhinestones wink their wicked way to glamour. Taffetas swish and sway romantically and georgettes drape softly or take unto themselves innumerable frills and flounces with altogether fem inine allure. It matters not one whit whether your blood leaps to the skirl of pipes since tartan evening frocks are the dernier cri. Bbuffant of skirt, slim of bodice, rustle of bustle, with gay colour combinations, there is absolute charm in every fold.

Stiffened cotton lace frocks, in those exquisite sweet pea shades, are delightful for tropical nights, and the wardrobe should boast at least one of these alto gether charming frocks. Figured or ganzas, and muslins of all sorts, go to the making of festive frocks for festive hours. Appeal and economy go with them —a much desired combination —so what more could one ask?

Taffeta frocks slip off the shoulder with Victorian charm. Qualms as to their safety are quite unjustified, but if you must have that little extra assurance, two shoulder straps, caught together at the back, will lull you into a sense of se curity.

One of the most delightful and in genious ideas in the new season’s clothes is the large sailor collar of pique with extended shoulders, which takes the place of a light wrap for evenings. It looks the acme of coolness, yet gives sufficient pro tection from evening air. Capes hold their pride of place for both day and evening wear. Whatever their length, success is their portion. Lengths of chif fon shirred at each end and caught to

.gether to form cuffs make attractive little wraps. Sequinned or diamante studded, they are most alluring.

Accessories are more charming than •ever. Belts, bags, gloves, shoes, seem to gather charm as they go.

Wide belts of pig skin, suede, panama, fabric, furniture webbing, and so on, ad infinitum , are intriguing and different.

Suede and leather belts are steel studded -and carry an air that is different and a chic that is undeniable.

Pique gloves, collars, handbags, lift .simple frocks to the heights and look en trancingly cool —an art in itself. Giddy little scarves knot at the neck with gipsy abandon, whispering of flying curls and flying feet, and all life’s gay adventure.

Knots of flowers snuggle gently into the soft folds of cowl neck lines, flaunt them selves gaily at waist or shoulder line, make gay our hats, and generally give an air of Spring to our toilette. From the exotic orchid to the humble field flower none is forgotten, and each lends en chantment to day and evening, and brings joy to our hearts.

“Trowsis”

pp. 65-66

‘'THE matter of the nether undergar -1 ments of the native ladies—consisting, so one is informed, of a lava-lava, more ■or less adequately made fast with a round turn and a couple of half hitches of bagging twine—appeared to the Mem sahib to require revision.

Quoth she:—“You know, nice little ■undies would be much more the thing.

I think I’ll give Nina a pair of mine.

I'm sure she would appreciate them, and then the idea will be sure to take on with the other women.”

Now, Nina, being our sort of char oum-washlady—without portfolio, as it were—was fairly well known to me; and, therefore, considering her large propor tions as compared with small Memsahib, it seemed to me that, when their new owner came to be fitted into those un dies, something would just have to happen. Whether it would be that the undies would give, or whether some of Nina’s more ample curves would be forced to shift anchorage, was a moot point.

Anyway, it was none of my business.

Besides, when one considered with what astounding dexterity the local New Hebrides native could handle a corkscrew when occasion offered, it seemed only reasonable to suppose that they could, with like facility, handle a shoe-horn- The garment was duly presented and •explained and, apparently, gave satisfac tion. Not that that was much to go by: the gift horse is not looked in the mouth in these islands—at least, whilst the •donor is about. And so home, doubtless to try ’em on.

Presently, sounds as of strife, also of woe and lamentation, from the nearby village, wherein abode Nina and her old man. Memsahib, being a sympathetic small person, must needs investigate.

Soon she returned —much flushed and most indignant.

“When I got to that beastly village,” said she, “there was Nina in her hut, ab solutely naked and crying and quite in consolable. She had evidently been beaten. All the other women were cry ing, too. Outside, squatted beside a log, was that wretched old man of hers, bush knife in hand, hacking away at the re maining shreds of the undies I had given to Nina. He was muttering to himself: Trowsis? My word! Me me savvy givem you trowsis, you (sanguinary lady bullock) you’!”

Marooned.

The Right Hon. Earl Beauchamp, P.C., arrived in Tahiti by the Messageries steamer Ville de Verdun on July 26, and proceeded immediately to the Punaavia district, where he has .taken the Murnau establishment for a time. His Grace, who is accompanied by his secretary, Mr.

Smyth, expects to remain in Tahiti for two months, after which he will join the Union Co.’s steamer for Australia.

Miss Esther Williams, 8.A., of the Methodist Missionary Society, arrived on a brief visit to Australia by the Mari posa on August 12. She is in charge of the girls’ school at Lautoka, Fiji.

Advertisements & other items, pp. 65-66 (1 item)

Location BELVEDERE

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Est. 1897. Kindergarten to Leaving Certificate. Tennis, Riding, Swimming, Team Games. Unequalled climate. Pure Jersey Milk. Senior and Junior Houses. Open-air sleeping. Inclusive fees. Special vacation arrangements for Island pupils.

M. E. DURAND, Principal.

The Islanders’ Sydney Home . . .

Location BELVEDERE

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The Garden Suites, designed on most modern lines.

Excellent grounds with beautifully kept gardens—and dotted with comfortable garden seats.

Private telephones if desired.

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Near White City Tennis Courts.

Seven minutes to 0.P.0.

Close to Shopping Centre.

Trams stop at gates.

BELVEDERE is Controlled and Supervised by Island People for Island People TERMS: From £2/12/6 Weekly.

MR. & MRS. C. WAGER (late of Fiji), Proprietors.

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Housekeeping in the Tropics

p. 66

Conducted by “Dorothea ”

It Happened One Day

(With Acknowledgments to “Tiaki,”

Tulagi, Solomon Islands) ONE morning before leaving home in the cutter, I told “cookie” to kill a fowl ready for to-morrow’s dinner, but not to kill it before sundown. I arrived home a few hours earlier than I expected and was surprised to see a fowl already plucked hanging by its legs from a beam in the kitchen.

I called the boy and asked why he had killed it before sundown. He grabbed it off the hook, saying, “Me no kill ’im yet, master,” and prodding, “Look, him ’e live yet.” To my horror the fowl flapped its wings.

He had plucked it without killing it.

Tropical Fare

HAVING lived in the East for a year, I learned while there to make the real “Pucca” curry, writes “Tabian.” of Ocean Island. Living in the South Seas now, and not being able to get the proper fresh curry powders, I have worked out from experience the nearest thing with tinned curry powder.

Ingredients; . ' . , Hb. mutton (cut into small pieces), four peeled onions, half a lime.

One heaped tablespoon tinned curry powder.

Two cloves of garlic (chopped up).

One small teaspoon of cayenne pepper.

One dessertspoon of butter, pinch of salt.

Six old coconuts containing milk.

First prepare the coconut milk, by husking the nuts, split open, and pour the liquid into a basin- Next have a native servant scrape the nuts on a proper scraper into a large dish. Into this pour the coconut liquid and three large breakfast cups of cold water. Mix all well together and squeeze through a potato squeezer or a few folds ot butter muslin. When all the grated coconut has been used, strain the milk through a coffee strainer into another large basin. .

Now place the butter in a saucepan, bring to the boil. Drop in cut-up onions and cook for a few minutes. Stir often and do not let brown. Add. cut-up mutton and cook for a few minutes more- To this add curry powder, garlic, cayenne, salt, and juice of half a lime. Stir well together and heat over fire. Add a cup of coconut milk and stir well, then pour in remainder of the milk and bring to the boil for a few minutes. .

Place a little to the side of stove and simmer gently for four hours (without lid) stirring now and again so that it does not catch. When the curry has become very thick and the meat is tender, serve with hot rice on hot dishes.

Banana Pudding

As bananas are so plentiful in the Islands, I am sending along a recipe for a pudding in which this fruit is the main ingredient, says Bititamboa, of Tulagi, Solomon Is.

One cup flour, one tablespoon sugar.

One tablespoon butter, four ripe bananas.

One teaspoon cream of tartar.

Half-teaspoon of carb. soda.

Rub butter into flour sifted with cream of tartar and soda. Add sugar and bananas well mashed.

Steam for two hours. Serve with coconut sauce, made from milk extracted from grated coconut- Add a little sugar and thicken with corn flour or custard powder. Or if preferred, serve with custard or cream.

Quick Legislation

p. 67

Sydney Journal is Caustic

The following appeared in Sydney “Bulletin” of September 11: J>ABAUL’S Legislative Council put up records in its fifth session, the busi ness portion of which was shoved through in one short sitting day- Although it has I an ornate chamber to meet in, and prints “Hansard” on an imposing scale, it is I pleasing to learn that “no ceremonial was I observed” at the opening.

In the first hour, laws relating to birth- I and-death registration, cemeteries, cele bration of marriages, legal appeals, ap- I propriations for a few months and some I other small matters were tossed off. By I lunch-time 13 new enactments had been I approved of, and the Treasurer had I presented the estimates and announced an accumulated surplus of £46,000, So it j was possible to take things easily in the afternoon in dealing with the remaining • 12 ordinances up for consideration.

All the bills were presented by officials, who form the majority of the Council; I but an hour or so was reserved at a second day’s sitting to allow the tax payer-representatives to have their say.

They had nothing to bring forward except a motion which the President said lay I "‘outside the province of New Guinea ad- I ministration.” They have learned from I experience that it is useless to initiate business.

If legislation can be disposed of at the rate of about 10 minutes per bill, it seems 1 an expensive waste of time to take private j honorables from their plantations and offices to do little more than have their names recorded in “Hansard” after those of a list of public servants whose wages they pay.

Government enterprise has not done much for this territory. Before the gold days, when the main industry was ex propriation and most of the plantations were under official control, the place was a dilapidation and a muddle which justly earned the scorn of visitors. It became self-supporting only with the entry of . private enterprise, which finds most of the £200,000 in taxation, plus another £170,000 in rentals, fees and payments for services. Private enterprise dis covered the goldfields, and made their working possible by the development of aerial services. Private enterprise built up the New Guinea trade from £1,670,000 —imports and exports—in 1925-26 to £2,700,000 in 1933-34—this in spite of the depression, of the low price of copra and of steadily increasing taxes, which are to be mitigated for the first time by the removal of about £20,000 in native-labour tax.

Gold production will make New Guinea revenues highly buoyant within the next year or two- If there is to be local gov ernment, it should be responsible govern ment. And while a system is being framed there might be a Federation of Papua, the Mandated Territory and the Solomons. It is absurd that three sets of official heads with three Councils should nave to be maintained for adjacent territories with so much in common.

Rev. G. H. D. Voss, formerly attached to the staff of St. Peter’s, Broken Hill New South Wales, has been appointed by the Bishop of Melanesia to the Mandated Territory. He left for Rabaul by the Montoro on August 27, and will be sta tioned at Arawe, on the south coast of New Britain, where he will assist Rev.

“■ Thompson.

N.G. Administration Uses

p. 67

Pedal Radio Sets

From Our Own Correspondent.

PWAU, August 4.

ORTABLE wireless sets have been in stalled in New Britain, New Ireland, Sepik, Morobe and Kieta districts for the service of District Officers. The es tablishments of these plants will be invaluable for communication with Rabaul, and will mean a great saving of time and money to the Administration.

At first some trouble was experienced with the pedal gears, but after a few adjustments the machines are now in satisfactory working order.

Wireless Telephones For

p. 67

Papua

From Our Own Correspondent.

PT. MORESBY, August 10.

THE Administration has decided to equip field stations with wireless telephone sets. For a trial, two sets will be provided almost immediately. One will be stationed at Port Moresby and the other at an out station of the territory.

If the experiment is successful all government stations in Papua will be pro vided with similar machines. To date several private sets have been used in the territory with satisfactory results

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New Samoan Stamps

From Our Own Correspondent.

APIA, August 9.

ON August 7 the old postage stamps of the terri tory were withdrawn and replaced by a new pictorial issue. The designs are artis tically executed by New Zealand artists, Messrs.

L. C. Mitchell, J. Berry and W. J. Cooch, of Wellington. They have been printed by Messrs.

De la Rue and Co., London, by the intaglio pro cess on “N.Z. Star” watermark paper.

The issue consists of nine stamps, of the values y 2 d., Id., 2d., 2y 2 d., 4d., 6d., 1/-, 2/-, and 3/-.

The various denominations depict: d., Samoan girl in native dress with typical Islands scenery in the background; Id., the capital Apia, looking to the west; 2d., river scene with a Samoan paddling outlayer canoe; Samoan chief with his wife standing in front of a typical Samoan “fale” or house; 4d., fishermen with their deep sea bonito canoe; 6d., “Vailima,” the former home of R. L. Stevenson, now the residence of the Administrator of Samoa; 1/-, the tomb of Robert Louis Stevenson, or “Tuisitala” as the Samoans lovingly called him; 2/-, picturesque Lake Lanu too, high up in the mountains, a small water filled crater formerly a favourite week-end resort for Apia residents; 3/-, Falefa waterfalls, 12 miles east of Apia, one of the beauty spots of Samoa.

Dr. Gunther left Sydney at the end of August for Gavutu, Solomon Islands, to relieve Dr. F. L. Pinching, chief medical officer for Lever’s Pacific Plantations Pty.

Ltd., who has been seriously ill in Tulagi hospital.

Tax On Fiji Gold

Former Missionary’s Plan To Assist Natives

HAVE natives any moral rights to a material share in the wealth won from their land? That was the question asked in an address recently in Melbourne by Rev. L. M. Thompson, who was a Metho dist missionary at Rewa, Fiji, for 15 years.

He urged that a tax should be levied on gold exported from Fiji and that the funds should be used solely for the benefit of the Fijians.

“Fiji was given freely by its people to. the British Crown,” he said, “and under it they have enjoyed peace and freedom. They have, however, many needs which have never been met, always on the plea of lack of funds. In the villages thousands of children have no adequate facilities for education, and much might be done to stop infant mortality. Is all the wealth of the Fiji goldfields to be taken away from the natives’ land by strangers? Will their needs go unrecognised and will they receive only the rewards of labour?”

Tihe suggestion of a gold tax was en dorsed by a Fijian native teacher, Inoke Thakautini, who is conducting a lecture tour of Victoria, under the auspices of the Methodist Overseas Mission.

“Though some 15,000 Fijian children are being educated,” he said, “there are more than 10,000 who are not. Many of them are girls, who cannot even read or write their own language. We want to teach them practical subjects—domestic arts and crafts, sewing, and first-aid —but many of them are being neglected because there is. not sufficient money. I hope my remarks' cause no trouble,” he added, “but one does, not like to see all the gold taken away and the natives left in poverty.”

Inoke Thakautini is himself a fine example of the response made by an in telligent Fijian to European culture. He could not speak a word of English at the age of 13 years; to-day, aged 28 years, he speaks the language with fluency.

Papuan Prospecting Co.

IT was reported in August that a new prospecting company to operate in Papua, the Moroka Dredging and Explora-. tion Co. Ltd., had been floated in London and Australia; and that a preliminary syndicate had gathered necessary data and obtained promises of concessions from th* Papuan Government. Moroka D. and Ei Co. intended to take up a reservation wxtl mineral rights over 5000 square miles u Central Papua.

The Prime Minister’s Department, Can berra, has informed us that the Lieutenant!

Governor of Papua (Sir Hubert Murrays has advised the Department that the states ment regarding the promises of conces sions is not correct.

New Mission Launch